Time and Work Formulas

Published on Friday, December 15, 2017

Work
Amount of job assigned or the amount of job actually done.

Relations between work, time and person: -

 Work & Person: Directly proportional i.e. more work, more person required.
 Time & Person: Inversely proportional i.e. more people, less time required.
 Work & time: Directly proportional i.e. more work, more time required.

Note: Work done is always considered to be equal to 1.

Rules: -
 If a person can do a piece of work in ‘n’ days/ hours then that person’s one day’s/
hour’s work = 1/n
 If a person’s one day’s/ hour’s work = 1/n , then he will complete then he will complete
the work in ‘n’ days/ hours.
 If first person is ‘n’ times efficient than second person then work done by first person :
second person = n : 1
 If the ratio of number of men required to complete a work is m : n then the ratio of
time taken by them will be n : m.

Time and Work - Shortcuts and Tricks

Formulas Including Short Tricks:
# 1.
If persons can do W1 work in D1 days working T1 hours in a day and M2 Persons can do W2
work in D2 days working T2 hours in a day then the relationship between them is

Example: - 12 persons can make 20 toys in 10 days working 12 hours a day. Then in how
many days can 24 persons make 32 toys working 16 hours a day?

# 2.
If A can do a piece of work in days and B can do the same work in days then (A + B)’s one
day work-

Time taken by (A + B) to complete the work –

If ‘n’ persons (more than two) are there then their one day’s work =

Where x1,x2, x3 …………… represents the number of days taken by them to complete the
work.

Example: - If A can do a piece of work in days and B can do the same work in days. If both
are working together, how many days will they take to complete the work?
(A + B)’s one day work =

(A + B) will complete the whole work =

# 3.
If A & B can complete a work in days and A alone can finish that work in days then number
of days required by B to complete the work–

Example: - A & B together can do a piece of work in days and A alone can do it in 18 days.
In how many days can B alone do it?

# 4.
If A & B can do a piece of work in days, B & C can the same work in days and A & C can
do it in days, then working together A,B & C can do that work in–

Example: - A & B can do a piece of work in days, B & C can the same work in 9 days and
A & C can do it in days, then find the time in which A, B & C can finish the work if they
working together?

# 5.
If A can do a work in days and B can do faster than A, then B will complete the work in -

Example: - Komal can do a work in days and Pooja is more efficient than Komal to
complete the same work, then find the total time taken to complete the work by Pooja?

# 6.
If A takes days more to complete a work than the time taken by (A + B) to do the same work
and B takes y days more than the time taken by (A + B) to do the same work then (A + B) do
the work in √xy days –
Example: - If A alone does a piece of work, he takes days more than the time taken by (A +
B) to do complete the work, while B alone takes 9 days more than the time taken by (A + B)
to finish the work. What time A & B together will take to finish the work?
# 7.
If A & B each alone can do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin together but –
I. A leaves the work ’n’ days before its completion, then total time taken for completion of
work :

II. B leaves the work ’n’ days before its completion, then total time taken for completion of
work :

Example: - A can do a piece of work in days while B can do it in days. They begin together
but 5 days before the completion of the work, B leaves off. Find the total number of days for
the work to be completed?

# 8.
If A & B do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin together but after some days, A
leaves off & the remaining work is completed by B in ‘n’ days. Then the time after which A

left, is given by
Example: - A & B do a piece of work in days respectively. Both begin together but after a
certain time, A leaves off. In this case, B finishes the remaining work in 20 days. After how
many days did A leave?
Blood Relations Reasoning Shortcut
Tricks
Published on Tuesday, July 18, 2017

In Blood Relations, certain information is given about the members of the family in the
question, Based on that information we need to find out the relationship between a particular
member of the family. Generally, the question deals with a hierarchical structure which is
based on seven generation three above & three below like this:

Generation Male Female

Three generations above↑↑↑ Great grandfather Great grandmother

Maternal great grandfather Maternal great grandmother
Great grandfather-in-law Great grandmother-in-law

Two generations above ↑↑ Grandfather Grandmother

Maternal grandfather Maternal grandmother
Grandfather-in-law Grandmother-in-law

One generations above ↑ Father, Uncle, Mother, Aunt

Maternal uncle, Father-in-law Maternal aunt, Mother-in-law

Current generation(Self) → Husband, Brother Wife, Sister

Cousin, Brother-in-law Cousin, Sister-in-law

One generation below ↓ Son Daughter

Nephew Niece
Son-in-law Daughter-in-law

Two generations below ↓↓ Grandson Grand daughter

Grandson-in-law Grand daughter-in-law

Three generations below ↓↓↓ Great grandson Great grand daughter

Great grandson-in-law Great grand daughter-in-law

Important Blood Relations

Father of grandfather or Great grandfather Daughter of father or Sister
grandmother mother

Mother of grandfather or Great grandmother Son of second wife of Step brother

grandmother father

Father of father or Grandfather Daughter of second wife Step sister

mother of father

Mother of father or Grandmother Son/daughter of Cousin

mother uncle/aunt

Wife of grandfather Grandmother Brother of husband or Brother-in-law

wife

Husband of Grandfather Sister of husband or Sister-in-law

grandmother wife

Father-in-law of Grandfather Husband of sister/sister- Brother-in-law

father/mother in-law

Mother-in-law of Grandmother Son of father Oneself/Brother

father/mother

Father’s father/mother Father Mother of son/daughter Oneself/Wife

only

Only daughter-in-law of Mother Father of daughter/son Oneself/husband

father’s father/father’s
mother

Husband of mother Father Son of son of Brother/Oneself

grandmother/grandfather /Cousin

Wife of father Mother Daughter of son of Cousin/Oneself

grandmother/grandfather /Sister

Second wife of father Step mother Son of brother or sister Nephew

Brother of father Uncle Daughter of Niece

brother/sister
Brother of mother Maternal Uncle Grandson of Son/Nephew
father/mother

Sister of father Aunt Granddaughter of Daughter or Niece

father/mother

Sister of mother Maternal Aunt Husband of daughter Son-in-law

Husband of aunt Uncle Wife of brother/brother- Sister-in-law

in-law

Wife of uncle Aunt Wife of son Daughter-in-law

Son of Father/Uncle Son of son/Daughter Grandson

grandfather/grandmother

Daughter of father-in- Mother/Aunt Daughter of Granddaughter

law/mother-in-law of son/Daughter
father

Father of wife/husband Father-in-law Son’s/Daughter’s Great Grandson

grandson

Mother of wife/husband Mother-in-law Son’s/Daughter’s Great granddaughter

granddaughter

Children of same Siblings

parents

Father’s/Mother’s only Oneself

son/daughter

Son of father or mother Brother

Representation through diagram

⊕ Father-Son
│
⊕
⊕ Father-Daughter
│
ϴ

ϴ Mother-Son
│
⊕

ϴ Mother-Daughter
│
ϴ

#Types
 Based on Dialogue or Conversation
 Based on Puzzles
 Based on Symbolically Coded

# Conversation or Dialogue
In this type of question.the one person talking to or doing chit -chat with other person giving
information throw pointing to some picture or person.

Madhu said, pointing to Shreya, " His mother is my mother's only daughter".How Madhu is
related to Shreya?

a) Father b) Son c) Grandson d) Mother e) None of these

Pointing to a man in a photograph, a man said to a woman, "His mother is the only daughter
of your father".How is the woman related to the man in the photograph?

a)Sister b) Mother c) Wife d) Daughter e) None of these

# Based on Puzzles
In this type of question ,You have to conclude the relation between two given person based
on more than one information given in the question.

Example:

Direction:

A is the mother of B. B is the sister of C. D is the son of C. E is the brother of D. F is the

mother of E. G is the granddaughter of A. H has only two children B and C.

Q1. How F related to H?

a) Son-in-law

b) Daughter-in-law

c) Father-in-law

d)Granddaughter

e) Cannot be determined

Q2. How is C related to E?

a)Father

b) Son

c) Mother

d) Cousin brother

e) Cannot be determined

Q3. Who is the mother of G?

a) C

b) B

c) F

d) Either B or F

e) Either C or F

Solution
(1)

Sol: Option (b)

From the above diagram it is clear that F is daughter-in-law of H.

(2)

Sol: Option (a)

From the above diagram.It is clear that C is father of E.

(3)

Sol: Option (b)

From the above diagram it is clear that B is mother of G.

# Symbols
In this type of question information are coded in the form of ∆#$%&*÷+ etc,..
Direction:

Read the following information carefully and then answer the question given below.

a)A∆B means A is mother of B

b) A $B means A is sister of B

c) A*B means A is father of B

d) A #B means A is brother of B

Q1. Which of the following means R is uncle of T?

a) R*P#S∆Q$T b)S*P#R*U#T c) P*R#Q$S*T d)P*R$Q$S*T e) None of these

q2. Which of the following means L is paternal grandfather of O ?

a) L*R$M#K#O b)R*L∆P#K$O c) L*M∆R*K#O d) L*R#M*K#O e) None of these

Solution
Have a look at the following questions:

Ques 1.
The age of the father 3 years ago was 7 times the age of his son. At present the father’s age is
five times that of his son. What are the present ages of the father and son?

Ques 2.
At present the age of the father is five times that age of his son.Three years hence, the
father’s age would be four times that of his son. Find the present ages of the father and son.

Ques 3.
Three years earlier the father was 7 times as old as his son. Three years hence the father’s
age would be four times that of his son. What are the present ages of the father and son?

Solving using Conventional Method:

Solution: 1 Let the present age of son = x yrs.

Then, the present age of father = 5x yrs.

 3 years ago, 7(x – 3) = 5x – 3

Or, 7x – 21 = 5x – 3

Or, 2x = 18

Therefore, son’s age = 9 yrs. Fathers’ age = 45 years.

Solution: 2. Let the present age of son = x yrs.

Then, the present age of father = 5x yrs.

3 years hence, 4(x + 3) = 5x + 3

Or, 4x + 12 = 5x + 3

∴ X = 9 yrs.

Therefore, son’s age = 9 yrs. Fathers’ age = 45 years.

Solution: 3. Let the present age of son = x yrs.

And the present age of father = y yrs.

3 yrs earlier

7(x – 3) = y – 3 or, 7x – y = 18……….(i)

3 yrs hence

4(x + 3) = y + 3 or, 4x – y = -9………..(ii)

Solving (i) & (ii) we get, x = 9 yrs & y = 45 yrs.

Quicker Method:
Ques 4.
10 yrs ago, Sita’s mother was 4 times older than her daughter. After 10 yrs, the mother will
be twice older than the daughter. What is the present age of Sita?

Ques 5.
One years ago the ratio between Samir’s age and Ashok’s age was 4 : 3. One year hence the
ratio of their ages will be 5 : 4. What is the sum of their present ages in yrs.
 Problems Based on Ages -
Techniques to Solve Quickly
Published on Monday, December 08, 2014

Only if you let it be a problem! Solve it and no problem anymore!

‘Problems based on Ages’ – is a very popular question in Clerical Exams; it can come in
either Reasoning or in Quantitative Aptitude. But it will come.

I know some people leave this one out because its way too confusing to ‘em – well, let us try
to see how to not get confused.

 The important thing in any kind of Age Problem, is to decide which age – present or
past or future – to be taken as ‘x’!
 Let us make a simple rule for ourselves – the ‘x’ should be the present age always.
 In most cases, taking the present age as ‘x’, i.e., the base year works just fine. Past
will become, say (x-5) years, and future can be denoted as (x+5).
 But sometimes, ‘present age’ is not directly given in words. Then, take ‘x’ to be the
age you are supposed to find.
  You can also try putting yourself in someone’s place and try to calculate the age!
 Also, sometimes – when nothing works and you’re stuck on an age question in the
last 4 minutes of the exam – just look at the options and solve it through back
calculations! Works just fine!

Also, please know – keep it simple – the age problems are easily solved.

Quantitative Aptitude Techniques Book

Some practice questions for your benefit:

Question 1: The age of Rekha is twelve times that of her daughter Avani. If the age of Avani
is 3 years, what is the age of Rekha?

Solution. Who’s age do we need? Rekha’s.

Present age required to be found? Yes!

Okay, so, Rekha’s present age = x

Rekha’a age is 12 times her daughter’s age.

Daughter’s age = 3. Therefore, 12 times of 3 = x

12 x 3 = x
= 36 years = Rekha’s age.

Question 2: The father’s age four years ago was 8 times the age of his son. At present the
father’s age is 4 times that of his son. Find the son’s present age.

Solution. Okay, who’s present age do we need to find? Son’s.

Therefore, Son’s present age = x

We’ll first make the present age’s equation with dad and son – only ‘cause it makes things
easier to proceed from the present!

‘At present the father’s age is 4 times that of his son’, i.e., Father’s present age = 4x.
‘Father’s age four years ago was 8 times the age of his son’ – ‘four years ago’ will simple
mean, subtracting 4 from the present ages of BOTH father and son; and the whole equation
will stand as :

(4x – 4) = 8 x (x – 4)
Solving it – x = 7 years,

The son’s present age = 7 years. Easy does it, doesn’t it?

Question 3: At present, the ratio between the ages of Amar and Norman is 4:3. After 6 years,
Amar’s age will be 26 years. What is the age of Norman at present?

Solution. Who’s ‘present’ age do we need to find? Norman’s.

But they have also have given the ration of present ages, 4:3.

So we can use ‘x’ to denote both their present ages to be 4x and 3x, i.e., Amar’s and
Norman’s respectively.

Next, ‘Amar’s age 6 years later’, = (4x + 6) = 26.

x = 5 years.

Norman’s present age = 3x = 3 x 5 = 15 years.

Question 4: The ratio of the father’s age to the son’s age is 4:1 the product of their ages is
196. What will the ratio of their ages after 5 years?

Ans.: 11:4

Question 5: Sam’s age is one-fourth of his father’s age and two-third of his sister Rita’s.
What is the ratio of the ages of Sam, Rita and their father respectively?

Ans.: 2:3:8

Question 6: The average age of boys in a class of 30 is 15 years. If 10 more boys join the
class, the average of the whole class gets reduced by a year. What is the average age of
newcomers? [This mixes age and average – a real IBPS worthy question!]

Ans.: 11years

Question 7: Present age of Vinny is 8 lesser than Amu’s present age. If 3 years ago Amu’s
age was X, what will be Vinny’s present age?

Ans.: (X-5) years

Question 8: The ratio between the present ages of P and R is 5:3. The ratio between P’s age
four years ago and R’s age four years hence is 1:1. What is the ratio between P’s age 4 years
hence and B’s age four years ago? [‘Hence’ means future. And this is one gem of a
question!]

Ans.: 3:1

Question 9: The ratio between the present ages of Doom and Room is 2:3. 4 years ago the
ratio between their ages was 5:8. What will be Doom’s age after 7 years?

Ans.: 31 years

Question 10: The age of Rani is 5 times the age of her daughter. After 12 years the age of
Rani will be thrice the age of her daughter. Find the present age of Rani’s daughter.

Ans.: 12 years.

Direction Sense Test - Tricks and

Shortcuts
Published on Tuesday, October 17, 2017
Directions questions asked in the exam are based on two principles

1. Distance
2. Direction
You might be asked to calculate the distance or the direction. The foremost thing that
you are supposed to do is draw basic direction map.

For example, if you are asked to calculate the distance

Ques 1. If I move 4 km towards east and then I travel 3 km
towards the north. What is my distance from the starting point?
Remember your starting point is always the centre of the direction
map.

Solution:

First of all, draw the map according to the directions

It is a right angled triangle so by Pythagorean theorem

H2 = P2 +B2

= 3 2 + 42

= 9 + 16

= 25

H=5

So I am at a distance of 5 KM from the starting point.

Similarly, you can be asked to find the direction

Ques 2. If I move 4 KM towards the east and then I travel 3 Km
towards the north. In which direction I am from the starting
point?

Solution:

Draw the map and try to superpose the direction map like this

Now it is quite clear from the map that I am in NE direction from the
starting point.

This question can also be asked in a different way like :

In which direction I am from my final position ?,

Now scenario will change and the final position would act as the centre
of the map.

It is clear from the map I am in SW direction from my starting position.

There are a few thing that you need to keep in mind while solving these
questions

1. Direction: N S E W
2. Left –Right
3. Straight / opposite
4. Sunrise and sunset
Ques 3. A person starts from position A. He goes towards the east
and then takes a right turn. Again the person takes a left turn and
moves and then again he moves 45 degrees right. In which
direction he is from the starting position?
Solution;

Consider yourself as the person and draw the map.

It is clear that he is in the SE direction the starting point.

Ques 4. A person P is standing at a point, another person Q is

standing in the north of P. Q’s friend R is in right of Q and P’s
friend S is standing left of P.In which direction R is standing with
respect to S.

Solution:
It is clear from the picture with respect to R, S is SW direction.

Ques 5. In which direction is S with respect to R ?

It is clear that with respect to R, S is in the NE direction.

Ques 6. I start from my house and go straight and come at a

crossroad. The road which is coming from opposite direction ends
at a hospital. When I walk from my house and turn right, there is
a park on that road and opposite to park there is a school.What
would be the direction of my house from the school?
Solution:

If it is straight, we can assume any direction.

Here the assumed direction is EAST.

My house is in the SW from the school.

Ques 7. What would be the direction of school from my house?

Solution:
Clearly, school is NE direction from the school.
SUNRISE and SUNSET
Sun rises in the EAST then it shadow will be in the WEST.
Sun sets in the WEST then it shadow will be in the EAST.

Ques 8. A man is facing towards the NORTH. At sunrise where

will his shadow be? And if he is facing SOUTH. Then where will
his shadow be?

Solution:
If he is facing NORTH, his shadow will be in the WEST or in the left of
the person.

And If he is facing South, Then also his shadow will be in THE WEST
or in the RIGHT of the person.