ehk; nrhy;y
tpUk;GtJ.....
jw;Nghija $l;lzp murhq;fk; Kd;itf;f
,Uf;Fk; mth;fsJ KjyhtJ tuT nryT
jpl; l k; njhlh; g hf xU rpy Ngr; R f; f s;
mbgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy; nrhy;yhdJ
mjDila %d;whk; fhyhz;bw;fhd ,jio
ntspapLfpwJ. tuT nryT jpl;lk; gw;wp kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; Kd;G fhzg;gl;l Mh;tk; jw;NghJ
,y; i ynad; N w $wNtz; L k; . Vndd; w hy;
vk;khjphpahd tuT nryT jpl;lk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lhYk; mJ ,Wjpapy; Viofspd;
tapw;wpybf;Fk; xd;whf mikAnkd;gij kf;fs;
ed; F njhpe; J itj; j pUf; f pwhh; f s; . jw; N ghJ
nghUl;fspd; tpiyfspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s mjpfhpgG; tuT
nryT jpl; l j; j hy; Vw; g l; l xU tpisT
my;yntd;gJ mLj;j fhuzpahFk;.
vt; t hwhapDk; Jhpjfjpapy; nghUl; f spd;
tpiyfs; cah;tile;jjhy; kf;fSf;F
jhq; f Ntz; b As; s Rik nfhQ; r eQ; r ky; y .
tpNrlkhf xU Ntis czTf;fhf ghLgLk; Vio
kf;fSf;F ngUk; rthiy vjph;Nehf;f
Ntz;bNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J twpa ngz;fs; jq;fs;
FLk;gq;fspy; vjph;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfis %d;W
ehd; F klq; F fshf mjpfhpf; f r; n ra; f pwJ.
cah;tile;J nry;fpd;w nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs;>
tho; f ; i fr; n ryT vd; g tw; W f; F ,irthf
tUkhdk; mjpfhpff ; g;glhik twpa kf;fis ngUk;
,f; f l; l hd epiyf; F ,l; L r; n ry; t jhFk; .
mjpfhpjJ ; r; nry;fpdw; tho;fi
; fr; nryTf;F vjpuhf
md;WNghy; ,d;W Nghuhl;lk;> Mh;gg; hl;lk; elj;Jk;
kf;fis fhz Kbahj msTf;F ,d;W kf;fspd;
md;whl tho;f;if ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;rkak;
VjhtnjhU Mh;g;ghl;lk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLkhdhy;
mJTk; FWfpa murpay; ,yhgq;fis
Fwpf;Nfhshff;nfhz;L Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;ljhf
,Ug;gJ Jujp\;l trkhFk;.
murpay;> nghUshjhu Jiwfspy; vd;djhd;
ele;jhYk; kf;fs; mJ Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzh;Tld;
,Ug; g jhf njhpatpy; i y. vdpDk; me; j
tpopg;Gzh;tpw;F rthyhf fle;j rpy jpdq;fshf
ghl;lh njhopyhsh;fs; ghhpa gzpg;Gwf;fzpg;ig
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;. mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w
kpfTk; Nghuhl;lj;Jld; $ba Mh;g;ghl;lkhf
mike;j ,jpy; ngz;fspd; nraw;ghL mjpfkhf
,Ue; j ij czu Kbe; j J. mr; R Wj; j y; f s; >
vr; r hpf; i ffs; > kpul; l y; f Sf; f F kj; j papYk;
riyf;fhky; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;Jr;nrd;w
,e;j njhopyhsh; rNfhjhpfSf;F vq;fs; nfsutk;
chpj;jhfl;Lk;. ,yq;ifapd; rKjha tof;if
vLj; J f; n fhz; l hy; Nghuhl; l k; > Mh; g ; g hl; l k;
vd;gtw;wpy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig tuyhWnjhl;L
vq;fshy; fhz KbfpwJ. ,rngyh `hkp> nghd;rpd
`hkp Nghd;w Nghuhl;l ehafpfis vkf;F ,e;ehl;L
njhopyhsh;fspd; Nghuhl;l rhpj;jpuj;jpy;
mtjhdpf;ff;$bajhf cs;sJ.
mjw;F gpw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; 'R+hpaky;'
,af;fj;jpD}lhf ,e;ehl;bw;F gpuNtrpjj ; ,lJrhhp
,af;fj;ij nkU$l;ba nlhwpd; tpf;fpwkrpq;`h>
tptpad; Fzth;jzh Nghd;w ehafpfs; ,d;Dk;
vk; neQ;rq;fspy; epiwe;Js;sdh;. mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy;
nghypnuf; ] ; Mh; g ; g hl; l k; > nkhzuhfis
fUk; G j; n jhopyhsh; f spd; Mh; g ; g hl; l k; kw; W k;
FUehfy; jz;zhP ; Mh;gg; hl;lk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk;
Nghuhl;l ehafpfis fz;Lnfhs;s KbfpwJ.
vt;thwhapDk; nghJthd Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspd;
%yk; Njh; r ; r pg; n gw; w ngz; njhopyhsh; f s; >
fkj;njhopy; Nghuhl;l tuyhw;wpy; khj;jpuk; fhz
KbANk xopa Fwpj;j Jiwfspy; ngz;fSf;F
tpNr\khd gpur;ridfis ikakhff;nfhz;L
Nghuhl; l k; elj; j pa Nghuhl; l ehafpfis
fhzf;$bajhf ,y;iy. nghJthd
Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspy; gq;fspg;igr; nrYj;Jjy; kpf
Kf;fpakhd flikAk; nghWg;Gkha; mike;jhYk;
,t;thwhd Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ngz;fspd;
jiyikj; J tj; j pw; F kpspu re; j h; g ; g q; f s;
fpilg; g jpy; i y. mDjpdKk; Mzhjpf; f j;
jiyikapd; fP o ; nraw; g l Ntz; b As; s J.
,tw;iwtpl ngz;fshy; nghJthd Mh;gg; hl;lq;fs;
topelj; j g; g Lk; re; j h; g ; g q; f s; tpuy; t pl; L
vz;zf;$ba mstpy; cs;sd;. ,e;jpahtpy; eh;kjh
Mw;wpwF; FWf;fhf mikf;fg;glTs;s mizf;F
1
 vjpuhf fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;s ,af;fq;fSf;F xU
ngz; jiyik tfpg; g ij fhz KbfpwJ.
me;jg;ngz; Nkjh gj;fhh;. ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lk;
typik kpf;fJ vd;gij kPz;Lk; vLj;jpak;Gk;
xU rk;gtj;ij vkf;F ,e;jpahtpd; kzpg;G+h;
khepyj;jpypUe;J mwpaf;$bajhf cs;sJ. kzpgG; +h;
ngz; Nghuhspfs; jq;fs; t];jpuq;fis fow;wp mur
,uhZtk; Kd; d piyapy; elj; j pa vjph; g ; G
Mh;g;ghl;lk; kpfTk; typik cilaJ.
fyhrhu uPjpapy; ngz;fs; njhlh;gpy; fl;Lg;ghLfs;
fLikahf cs;s xU Mrpa ehl;by; ,t;thwhd
rk;gtnkhd;W eilngWkh vd;gij epidj;Jf;$l
toikNghd;W
,NjhkPz;Lk; xUKiw
njhopyhsh;fs; jpdk; tUfpwJ.........
tUfpwJ......... tUfpwJ..........
NghfpwJ......... NghfpwJ...........
nts;is epy kjpy;
Rth;fistz;z tz;zkhf
myq;fhpf;Fk;Rtnuhl;b vOr;rpapd;
Fuy;Ke;jpf;nfhz;L Nfl;fpwJ
(C.... rj;jk;)
VJk; vOg;g Ntz;lhk;
jfhj thh;j;ijfs;
rNfhjuh;fs;
Iah khh;fs;
jiyth;fs;
mJkl;Lky;y
rhJ(gpf;F) $l tUfpwhh;.......
( 'mj;j jPg;gh tp`uj;jp ".....
mNj ,lj;jpy; ,Uj;jy;
rhyr;rpwe;jJ (mjpy; gadpy;iy)
ehq;fs; vtiuAk;Fiw $wtpy;iy
,g;gbNa epd;W
mth;fs; nry;Yk; jpiria
ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ
xt;nthd;W epidf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ
2 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
ghh;ff
; Kbahj xd;whf ,J tpsq;FfpwJ. vdpDk;
ngz; f Sf; F Neh; i kAlDk; rf; j pAlDk;
Nghuhlf;$ba ,ay;G ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J ngUk;ghYk;
nghJthd Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ntWk; xj;Jiog;ghfNt
fl;bnaOg;gg;gLfpwJ. ngz;fsplk; fhzg;gLk;
Nghuhl;l typikia ntWk; xj;Jiog;G vd;w
tuk;Gf;F mg;ghy; vLj;Jr;nrd;W nghJthd
Nghuhl;lq;fis Nehf;fp ngz;fspd;
jiyikj;Jtj;ij vt;thW fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;?
,J ,e;ehl;L ngz;epiy thjpfs; kj;jpapYk;
gy;ypd ,af;fq;fspdJk; ftdk; jpUk;g Ntz;ba
xU tplak; vd;gij ,q;F Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwhk;. •
GjpaNjhh;
fij
ey;y ey;y rk;gtq;fs; njhpfpwJ
rpyh; milkiof;Fs; mfg;gl;lhh; NghYk;
NtW rpyh;
gytpjkhd MilfSld; XLfpd;wdh;....
rptg;G njhg;gpfs;/gr;irj; njhg;gpfs;
ePyj; njhg;gpfs;/kr;irj; njhg;gpfs;
gy tbtpyhd njhg;gpfs;
ve;j njhg;gpahdhYk;
,Wjpapy;
tPl;Lj; jiytpapd; jiyapy;
tpOnkd;gij
ehk; mwpNthk;.....
njhopyhsh;fspd; ftiyfs; gw;wp
njhz;il fhAk;tiuNfh\k;....
,l;lhYk;........
mth;fsJ cz;ikahd f\;lq;fs;
,th;fSf;F njhpahJ......
njhpe;jhYk;
njhopyhsh;fs; jpdk; fope;jgpd;
nghUl;gLj;Jtjpy;iy
vdpDk; vd;whtJ xU ehs;
njhopyhsh;fspd; cz;ikahd jpdk;
tUk; vd;gJ
mth;fSf;F njhpahJ......
vkf;F njhpAk;
vl;zh ky;fhe;jp
 fhw;Wf;F mq;FkpqF
; k;
tise;J nfhLf;fpdw; hs;>
mts;
(The Wind Bird - fhw;Wg; gwit
, yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;ij
fl; b naOg; G tjw; f hf ntspehl; L
KjyPLfSf;F topaikj;J> jq;fs; ciog;ig
mh;g;gzpj;j ngUe;njhifahd ngz; Copah;fs;
gw;wp vq;fs; jw;fhy tuyhw;Wf;fijfspy; Nehpilahd
ew;ngah; fl;bnaOg;gglhik cz;ikapNyNa
tUe;jj;jf;f xU tplakhFk;. gpd; jq;fpa fpuhkpa
kw;Wk; miu efh;g;Gw rKjha gpd;dzpapypUe;J
te;J jkJ fd;dpj;njhopy; vd;w tifapy; Rje;jpu
th;j;jf tyaj;jpw;Fs;Sk; mjw;F ntspapYKs;s
njhopwr; hiyfspy; cf;fpukhd ciog;Gr;Ruz;lYf;F
,yf;fhfp> Ntiyj;jsj;jpw;F cs;Sk; ntspapYk;
fLikahd ghypay; ty;YwTfSf;Fk;
td;KiwfSf;Fk; ,iuahfp> jkJ FLk;gj;ij
topelj; J tjw; F k; ehl; b d; nghUshjhuj; i j
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; gq;fspgi ; gr; nrYj;Jk; ngz;
njhopyhsh; f s; ghuhl; l g; g LtJ kpf mhpNj.
etPdj;Jtj;jpd; gpbahy; mfg;gl;L rpdd ; hgpdd
; khFk;
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
ekJ
Nehf;F
gwit))
FLk; g mikg; G f; f is NgZtijg; N ghy
ngz;fSf;F Nfhhpfi ; ftpLf;Fk; fhyk; fle;j ngz;
- tpNuhj> Mzhjpf; f thj rpe; j idfshy;
ftug; g l; l th; f s; Rje; j pu th; j ; j f tyaj; j py;
njhopy;nra;Ak; Milj;njhopw;rhiyg; ngz;fis
(Garment Girls) midj;J gpd;dilTfspd;
Cw;Wf;fshfNt Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;.
FLk;gj;jpypUe;J> fpuhkj;jpypUe;J gof;fg;gl;l
rKjha tof;fq;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspypUe;J
tpLgl;L tho;fpd;w fLikahdJk;
jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;lJkhd tho;it
ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhf ,e;j Atjpfs; Rje;jpuj;ij
Njbr; n ry; t J Fwpj; J ehq; f s; Mr; r hpag; g l
Njitapyi ; y. fz;bf;f Ntz;baJkpyi ; y. vdpDk;
ajhh;jj; epiyikfs; ,tw;iwtpl tpjj; pahrkhdit.
,th;fSf;F Nrkeyd;fisAk; ghJfhg;igAk;
toq;Ftjw;F gjpyhf mth;fis mtkjpj;J
3
mth; f sJ ciog; i g Fiwj; J kjpg; g pl; L Jnfhs;Sk; re;jh;g;gj;jpypUe;J jpiuf;fhtpak;
jdpikg; g Lj; j p epe; j pf; F k; vkJ rKjhak; Muk; g khfpd; w J. mg; n gz; tP j papd; Clhf
Milj;njhopw;rhiyapy; Ntiynra;Ak; ngz;fs; Kd;Ndhf;fp ele;J nry;ifapy; mtsJ fle;j
njhlh;ghf xU Kuzhd jd;ikia fhy tho; f ; i fapd; gy; N tW re; j h; g ; g q; f Sk;
cUthf;Ffpdw; J. ,jdpilNa ,tw;Wf;F vjpuhf rk;gtq;fSk; vkf;F Gyg;gLfpdw; d. mg;ngz;Zf;F
Fuy; nfhLj;J> jkJ chpik kw;Wk; fhjyd; xUtd; ,Uf;fpdw; hd;. mtd; ,uhZtj;jpy;
nfsutj;jpwf; hf NghuhLtjw;fhf njhopwJ; iwapYs;sNtiy nra;fpd;whd;. mg;ngz; fUTw;wpUg;gij
ngz; Copah;fis xd;Wjpul;b> xOq;fikj;J mwpe; j fhjyd; mjid fiyj; J tpLkhW
mth;fsJ gilg;G Mw;wy;fisAk; cshPjpahd nfQ; R fpd; w hd; . mjw; F z; l hd gzj; i jAk;
rhj;jpaf;$WfisAk; Nghf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffis nfhLf; f pd; w hd; . mg; n gz; z pd; jug; g pypUe; J
nra;Ak; egh;fSk; FOf;fSk; ,y;yhky; ,y;iy. gpur;ridia mtjhdpf;f mtd; J}z;lg;glhj
ngz; njhopyhsh;fSf;F chpj;jhd njhopy; hPjpahd mNjrkak;> mtd; mtis vr;rhpf;fpd;whd;. jdJ
chpikfSf;fhf mth;fs; epj;jKk; Nghuhl;lk; vjph; f hyj; i jg; g w; w p Cryhbf; n fhz; b Uf; F k;
elj;Jfpd;wdh;. vdpDk; ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfs; rpej
; idfSld; mg;ngz; jdpjJ ; tpLfpwhs;. jdJ
nghJj;jsj;jpw;F rw;W mg;ghyhdit. fhjyd; Vw;fdNt jpUkzge;jj;jpy;
,ize; J tpl; l jhfTk; mtdJ kidtp
gpujhd gputhfj; j pd; murpay; Nkilapy; gps;isg;ngWk; jWthapy; ,Ug;gij mg;ngz;
kl;Lky;yhJ fiy kw;Wk; njhlh;ghly; NkilapYk; mwpfpd;whs;. ,t;Tz;ikfshy; mtsJ kdk;
ehq;fs; NjLfpd;w me;j fy;yhfpd;wJ. mg;ngz; jdpNa
Nehpilahd ew; n gah; kpfkpf etPdj;Jtk;> Aj;jk;
gpurtj;jpw;F /fUf;fiyg;gpw;F
mhpjhdJ. ,e;j Mfpatw;wpd; ghuJ}ukhd
Kfk; n fhLf; f pd; w hs; . jpBnud
#oiktpypUe;J fz;fhzpfF ; k; gpbfshy;
ehq;fs; kPz;Lk; mg;ngz;NzhL
xUtUf;F ,Nehf;fh mfg;gl;Lj; jtph;f;fpd;w
jpiuf;fhtpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy;
rj;jpahq;fdp mth;fspd; “Rsq; ,yq;ifapd; ,isa
gazpj;j ghijf;F mioj;Jr;
fphpy;yp” jpiuf;fhtpak; re;jjpapdh;
nry; y g; g Lfpd; N whk; . mg; n gz;
kpfg;nghUj;jkhdJ. mDgtpf;fpd;w gy;tpj
thfdnkhd;wpy; NkhJfpd;whs;.
nfLgpbfs; gw;wp
thfdj; j py; gazpj; j th; f s;
“R s q ; fphpy;yp” vkJ rKfk; ve;jsT
mg;ngz;iz mjpy;
fhtpaj; j iytp xU Rje; j pu $Wzh;r;rp nfhz;Ls;sJ
Vw; W fp d ; w dh; . ep f o; e ; j J vd;d
th; j ; j f tya njhopw; r hiy vd;gNj “Rsq; fphpy;yp”
vkf;F Mr;rhpakhf ,Uf;fpdw; J.
Copah;. mts; itj;jpa jpiuf;fhtpaj;jpD}lhf
ehq;fs; fz;Lfopjj ; midj;Jk;
epiyankhd;wpy; jhd; ,Ndhf;fh rj;jpahq;fdp
mg;ngz;zpd; fw;gid
fUj;jhpj;jpUg;gij cWjpnra;- vq;fSf;F nfhz;LtUk;
cyfj; j p y ; ele; j itah?
fLikahd Nfs;tp.

4 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;

 “Rsq; fphpyy; p” jpiuf;fhtpaj;jpwf
; hf ,Ndhf;fh
rj;jpahq;fdp njhpTnra;Ak; Mf;fpahd (fl;Lf;fij)
mikg;G fhuzkhf ,e;j rk;gtk;
“cz;ikahdjh” vd;gijg;gw;wp vkJ ftdk;
jpUk;g Ntz;bajpy;iy. mt;Tz;ikia xU
rpdpkh ebif vd;wtifapy; mg;ngz; vt;thW
tpghpf;fpd;whs;> ,jd; ghj;jpuq;fs; rk;gh\idfs;>
elj;ijfs; Clhf mg;ngz; vq;fs; cs;sq;fspy;
GFj;Jk; rpe;jidfs;> fw;gidfs; vd;d Nghd;w
tplaq;fisg;gw;wpa kdij jpUg;Gjy; kpFe;j
gaidj;juty;yJ.
etPdj;Jtk; fhuzkhf ngz;fs; Kfk;nfhLf;f
Neh;fpdw; gy;NtW Kuz;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gpur;ridfs;
Atjpapd; ghj;jpuj;jpD}lhf vkf;F Gyg;gLfpd;wd.
RahjPdkhd Kiwapy; jdJ tho;f;ifia
njhlu mg;ngz;zhy; KbfpwJ. mg;ngz;zpd;
tPL kw;Wk; FLk;gk; njhlh;ghf jpiuapy; tUfpd;w
rpwpa fhl;rpfspD}lhf mts; ,e;j njhopypd; epkpjj; k;
J}z; l g; g Ltjw; f hd fhuzk; nghUshjhu
gpur;ridfs; khj;jpuky;y vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
mg;ngz;zpd; RahjPdkhf tho;f;if Re;jukhdJ>
mNjNghd;W fbdkhdJk;$l. mg;ngz;Zf;F
mtSila fhjyDld; tpUk;gpahq;F fhyj;ij
fopf;f Kbe;jhYk;> mtdJ nra;Ak; njhopypd;
jd;ik fhuzkhf mth;fs; ePz;l ehl;fSf;F
gpd;dNu xd;W $Lth;. mjpYk; xU ,urid
cs;snjd;gij fhjyh;fs; mwpth;. vdpDk; mtdJ
cz;ikahd epiy Fwpj;J mts;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. cz;ikapy; mtd; gpd;jq;fpa
fpuhkpa FLk;gnkhd;wpd; nghWg;Gfis Rkf;fpdw; td;.
mtd; mts;kPJ tpisahl;L Mirnfhz;l
fhjyd;. kidtpAld; FLk;gj;ij fhf;Fk; fztd;.
je;ijAk;$l. jd;Dila fhjyp kidtp/jha; vd;w
epiyf;F js;sg;gLtijf; fhz tpUk;ghjtd;. Aj;j
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
Kidapy; jhd; fopf; f pd; w fbdkhdJk;
epiyaw;wJkhd tho;tpd; Nrhfj;ij Nghf;Ftjw;fhf
mts; mtDf;F xUfzk; ,lkspf;fpd;whs;.
,uhZt tPuh;fshy; mDuhjGuj;jpy; Jhpjkhf
tsh;r;rp fz;Ls;s tpgr;rhu ciog;ghsh;fspd;
vz; z pf; i f> itg; g hl; b fs; (Concubine)
itj;jpUf;Fk; ,uhZt tPuh;fs; gw;wp vkf;F
rpwpasT FO nfhLf;Fk; ,uhZt ,og;gPl;L
Gs;sptpguq;fs; Mfpatw;iw mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ
Aj;jk; fhuzkhf vkJ ehl;by; ,sikahd ghypay;
czh;Tf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s khWjy;fs; njspthfpdw; J.
etPdj;Jtk;> Aj;jk; Mfpatw;wpd; ghuJ}ukhd
gpbfshy; mfg;gl;Lj; jtph;f;fpd;w ,yq;ifapd;
,isa re;jjpapdh; mDgtpff ; pdw; gy;tpj nfLgpbfs;
gw; w p vkJ r%fk; ve; j sT $Wzh; r ; r p
n f h z ; L s ; s J v d ; g N j “R s q ; f p h p y ; y p ”
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<LgLfpd;w> fUj;jhpf;Fk; mts;> “$lhj” ngz;.
kidtp ,Uf;Fk;NghJ NtnwhU ngz;zpd;
Rfj;ij ehLk; mtd; “$lhj” Mz;. Kiwjtwp
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me;jg;ngz; kw;Wk; fUf;fiyg;gpw;F mtis
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r%fj;jpy; nghUshjhu> r%f> murpay;
ehlfkhLgth;fSld; etPdj;Jtj;jpd; rthy;fSf;F
Kfk;nfhLf;FkhW vq;fis miof;Fk; xU
jpiuf;fhtpakhf “Rsq; fphpy;yp” mikfpd;wJ. •
Rdpyh mNgNrfu
5
 ÿƒV_ tpLf;Fk;
miw$ty;!
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fz; z hy; ghh; f ; f fhjhy; Nfl; f Kbe; j J.
gyte;jkhf kjkhw;wk; nra;tjw;nfjpuhd rl;lj;ij
ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F rkh;g;gpj;j [hjpf n`y cUka
fl;rpapd; gpufhuk; cs my;yJ cly; hPjpahf
ghjpff; g;gl;Ls;s xU egh; my;yJ Xh; mfjp my;yJ
xU rpiwf;ifjp my;yJ ,staJila xU
ngz; MfpNahh; rhpepfuhd tpjj;jpy;
mth;fSf;nfd;wnthU fUj;ij fl;bnaOg;g
Kbahj khDl th;ff ; j;jpdh; ,r;rl;l%yk; fz;zpy;
gl;lNtisapy; 18Mk; E}w;whz;bYk; gy;NtW
rl;lq;fspy; ,staJila kw;Wk; kdNehapdhy;
gP b f; f g; g l; L s; s th; f Sf; F epfuhd tpjj; j py;
ngz; f Sf; F ghugl; r q; f s; epfo; j ; j g; g l; l ik
Qhgfj;jpwF ; te;jJ. [hjpf n`y cUka fl;rpapd;
gpNuuizf;fpzq;f nghJthf Mz; xUtiu
gyte;jkhf kjkhw;wk; nra;tjw;fhf gzkhf &gh
xU ,yl;rj;J Ik;gjhapuKk; Ie;jhz;L fhy
rpiwAk; jz;lidahf mika Ntz;Lk;. xU
ngz; my;yJ Gs;sptpguq;fspy; ,izj;Jf;
nfhs; s g; g l; L s; s NtnwhU egiu kjkhw; w k;
nra;tjhapd; Vohz;Lfhy rpiwAk;> mj;NjhL &gh
Ie;J ,yl;rk; jz;lKk; jz;lidahFk;.
,t;thwhd NtWghl;il Fwpj;Jf;
fhl;Ltjw;fhd cs;shh;e;j fUJNfhs;fs; ahit?
KjyhtJ ,r;r%fj;jpy; mjpfhuKs;s kw;Wk;
jPh;f;fkhd re;jh;g;gk; ‘nghJthf” Mz;fSf;F
fpilg;gjhFk;. ,uz;lhtJ Gs;sptpguq;fspy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;s r%fq;fisr; rhh;e;Njhh;
6 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
gytPdkhdth;fs;> ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba kw;Wk;
ek;gpf;if itf;f Kbahjth;fs;. [hjpf n`y
cUka fl;rpapd; rhh;ghf ghuhSkd;wk; nrd;Ws;s
gpfF
; khUf;F $Ljyhf thf;fspjj; th;fs; ,e;ehl;by;
ngsj;j kjg;gw;Ws;sth;fnsd;gJ ahtUk; ed;fwpej;
xU tplak;. mt;thwhdth;fSf;F [hjpf n`y
cUka vjd; mbg;gilapy; ,t;thW mtkjpf;f
vz;zpaJ Mr;rhpaj;jpw;FhpaJ. vkJ murpay;
ahg;gpw;fpzq;f rk epiyia cWjpnra;jpUj;jy;
mjd; kpfr;rpwe;j gz;ghFk;. [hjpf n`y cUka
fl;rpapd; Gj;jp [Ptpfs; ,t;thW vkJ murpay;
ahg;G> rh;tNjr mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpakhf
ngz;fSf;F mspff ; g;gl;Ls;s chpikapy; FWf;fpl
epidj;jJ mth;fsplKs;s ngz; - tpNuhj
Kjyhspj; J t Vfhjpgj; j pa Fzhk; r q; f is
cyfpwF ; k; ehl;bw;F ntsprr; k;Nghl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ
vd;gij ehq;fs; njspTgLj;jpNa MfNtz;Lk;.
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tplakhf vLj;Jf;fhl;l ehq;fs; vz;zpAs;Nshk;.
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gw;wpajhFk;. ,r;rl;l%yk; njhlh;ghf Mq;fpy
gj;jphpiffspy; gy;NtW fl;Liufs;
gpuRhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jNghJk; rpq;fs gj;jphpiffspy;
vjidAk; vk;khy; mtjhdpff ; Kbatpyi ; y. mJ
Vd;? vd;gJ NtWgl;l xU jiyg;G.
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fl; L g; g hl; L cgNahfk; kw; W k; fUfiyg; G
njhlh; g hf fhyk; jho; j ; j g; g l; l fUj; J f; f s;
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- tpNuhj rpej; idfs; vdg;gLk; ghjhsj;jpy; js;sptpl
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mikr;rpypUe;J ntspahd xU nra;jpapy; ngz;fs;
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gpur; r idfisj; jP h ; g ; g jw; f hd eltbf; i fahf
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jilfisAk; fl; L g; g hLfisAk; tpjpf; f
vz;zpAs;sjhf njhptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ngz;fs;
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Vw;gLfpd;w gpur;ridfs; njhlh;ghf mth;fSila
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njspTgLj;jpdhYk; jpdKk; vkf;F ,t;thwhd
Gyk;gy;fisNa Nfl;f Kbe;Js;sJ.
njhopyhsh;fsJ chpikfis ntd;nwLg;gjw;F
kw; W k; Nkk; g Lj; J tjw; F mh; g ; g zpg; G ld;
nray;gLtjhf ehq;fs; epidf;Fk; mikr;rpy; cah;
kl; l j; j pypUe; J ,t; t hwhd xU jfty;
fpilf;Fk;NghJ rfy tpjkhd nghWg;Gf;fisAk;
ngz; f spd; jiyfspy; Rkj; j p mth; f Sila
ciog;gpd; gq;fspg;ig ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shik
njhlh;ghf kl;Lky;yhJ jkJ FLk;gg; nghWg;ig
jtwtpLfpd;w> kidtp rk;ghjpf;Fk; gzj;ij
tP z bf; f pd; w jd; D ila kfs; k hUf; F k;
ngz;
cupikAk;
kdpj
cupikNa !
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
jq; i fkhUf; F k; ghypay; ,k; i rfisAk;
gyhj;fhuq;fisAk; Ghpfpdw; Mz;fSf;F mjD}lhf
mth;fsJ flikfspYk; nghWg;GfspYkpUe;Jk;
tpLgl;L epw;f tha;g;G fpilj;jpUg;gijapl;Lk;
ehq;fs; nghpJk; ftiyailfpd;Nwhk;.
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miw$ty; vd ehk; vjid Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwhk;?
“n g z ; v d g ; g L g t s ; G j ; j p r h y p j ; j d k h d >
thjplf;$ba> rkNahrpj rpej ; idAs;s> jq;fSila
tho;f;if njhlh;ghd jPh;khdq;fis vLf;ff;$ba
kw; W k; jkJ FLk; g k; > rKjhak; mjd;
mq;fj;jth;fs; gw;wpa KbTfis vLg;gjw;F
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vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf ehq;fs; eltbf;if vLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nray;gLk;NghJ vk;ik Nehf;fp
tUfpdw; mtJ}Wfis rfpjJ ; f;nfhs;Sk; gyj;ij
ehq;fs; ngw Ntz;Lk;. epiyapyy ; hj murpay; fsk;>
fP o ; N ehf; f p efUk; nghUshjhuk; > kdjhy;
vz;zpfn ; fhz;Ls;s rpej; idfshdJ ehSf;F ehs;
fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; fiy cyfj;ijAk; Mf;fpukpjJ ; f;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; vk;khy; ,jid
vjph;j;J epw;fKbAkh? ,JNt ehq;fs; ,d;W
vjph;Nehf;fpAs;s rthyhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
Rdpyh mNgNrfu
Centre for Women's Global Leadership
7
 , yq;ifapy; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rq;fk;
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eilKiwg;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. mjhtJ vapl;];
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epfo; r ; r pj; j pl; l q; f s; mj; N jhL ngz; f is
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rkj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; mjpy;
mlq;Ffpd;wd. kpfTk; gpd;jq;fpa kl;lq;fspy;$l
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njhlh;ghd jfty;> fy;tp NghjpfF ; k; msit FLk;gf;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; rq;fk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
mjD}lhf mtrpakhd egh;fSf;F mz;ikapYs;s
mur kUj; J tkidf; F r; nrd; W Njitahd
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ehL jOtpa kl;lj;jpy; itj;jpa Nritfis
(fpspdpf;F) toq;Ftjw;F NghJkhd tsq;fs;
,d;ikahy; ,t;thW nra;ag;gLfpdw; J. mth;fSf;F
nfhOk;gpy; khj;jpuNk ,e;j fpspdpf; ,Ug;gjhy; NtW
,lq; f spy; ,J eilngWtjpy; i y. vdpDk;
murpdhy; ,e; j fpspdpf; elj; j g; g Lfpd; w
epiyaq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd Nritfis
ngw;Wf; nfhs;SkhW kf;fis njspTgLj;Jtjw;fhf
FLk; g Rfhjhu rq; f k; ehl; b d; midj; J
khtl;lq;fspYk; eltbf;if vLj;JtUfpd;wJ.
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ngz;fs; mth;fSila fpspdpf;fpw;F tUfpd;wdh;.
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tpisthf cUthfpapUf;ff; $ba xU gpur;rid.
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kw;Wk; tpiutpy; tpe;Jf;fs; ntspNaWtJ Nghd;w
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Foe;ijnahd;iw gpurtpg;gjw;Fs;s tha;g;gpy;
FiwghL fhzg;gLjy; mLj;j gpur;rid. ,J
fhuzkhf Mz;nlhd;Wf;F Rkhh; 1000 Ngh; tiu
fpspdpf;fpw;F tUfpd;whhfs;. ,yq;ifapy; tpthfk;
nra;Js;s 100 Ngiu vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mjpy; 10
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Muk;gj;jpNy rpfpr;irf;fhf tUthh;fshdhy; etPd
itj;jpa rpfpr;ir KiwfspD}lhf mth;fSf;F
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gpurtpgg; jpy; Mz;fSf;Fk; FiwghL fhzg;gLtJ
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gyd;juf;$ba rpfpr;irfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
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,r;rq;fj;ij Nehf;fp te;jtz;zKs;sdh;.
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rq; f j; j pw; F tUk; ,sikg; g Utj; j pYs; s
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nkd; N kYk; ,isath; f s; rq; f j; i j Nehf; f p
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kd;wq;fspd; Xh; mq;fkhf my;yJ clw;gapw;rp
epiyaj;jpd; Xh; mq;fkhf ,t;thwhd fpspdpfF ; fis
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my;yJ tpNdhjkhf ,Uf;ff;$ba epiyaj;jpy;
mt; t hwhdnthd; i w mikf; f yhk; . mtw; w pd;
xUgFjpahf MNyhrid NritfisAk; Rfhjhuk;
gw;wpa fy;tpiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fyhk;.
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2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
ngWtJk;> tPl;bypUe;J ntspNawp njhopy;fspy;
<LgLtjhYk; 20 - 30 tanjy;iyfisAila gy
ngz;fs; tpthfkhfhtpl;lhYk; ghypay; hPjpahf
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kpfTk; cr;rkile;jpUf;Fk; gUtkhf
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,isath;fSf;F ghlrhiyapy; ghypay; fy;tpia
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mth;fs; r%fj;jpy; fhybnaLj;J itj;j gpd;dh;
jq; f is ghJfhj; J f; n fhs; t jw; f hd mwpT
fpilf;Fk;. ,d;W rl;ltpNuhjkhf fUj;jhpj;jy;
kl;Lkd;wp vapl;];> ghypay; hPjpapy; njhw;wf;$ba
Neha;fs; gw;wpAk; gPjpahd #o;epiy fhzg;gLfpdw; J.
mjdhy; nghJthf Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;w cly;
cwTfs; kw;Wk; ghypay;G rhh;e;jjhf gutf;$ba
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njhlh;ghf nghJkf;fis njspTgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
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kpfTk; Fiwe;j mstpy; fhzg;gLtjhy; ,e;epiy
njhlh; g py; kpfTk; mtjhdj; J ld; ,Uj; j y;
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ghypay; fy; t pia Nghjpf; f Ntz; L nkd; g Nj
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flikia nrt;tNd epiwNtw;wp te;jNghJ mJ
kpfr;rpwpanjhU mikg;G vd;gjhy; muRk; mur
rhh;gw;w mikg;Gf;fSk; ,t;tplak; Fwpj;J $ba
ftdj;ij nrYj;jp nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. tpthfj;jpwF ;
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vof;$ba rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;s ehq;fs; jahh;
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9
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1000 fUf;fiyg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glyhnkd
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vz;zpf;if vt;tsntd;gJ gw;wpa Gs;sptpguq;fs;
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10
re; j h; g ; g q; f Sk; cz; L . mth; f s; r%fj; j hy;
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Foe; i jAld; mtuJ tho; e hs; KOtJk;
,J ey;yjUzk;. vkJ rl;lk; 150 Mz;Lfs;
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fUf;fiyg;G Nkw;nfhs;s re;jh;g;gk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.
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fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Vw;gLk;
fUf;fiyg;Gf;fSf;fhf rl;lj;ij khw;wpaikj;jy;
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2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
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thrfh;fs; mwpe;Jf; nfhs;s Xh; re;jh;g;gj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. khf;ul; rq;fh;> Nkhp
ul;zk;> kw;Wk; Nkhp ];Nlhg;]; Mfpa %tUk; ngz;fSf;F tpjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
fl;Lg;ghLfis epth;jj ; p nra;aTk;> jd;dpri; rahf jPhk
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; hfTk; ngz;zpathjpfs; Kd;Ndhf;fp
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Rje;jpuj;jpw;F tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fl;Lg;ghLfis mf; fhyj;jpNyNa rthyhf
vjph;f;nfhz;L Nghuhb ,k;%tUk; rhpj;jpuk; gilj;Js;sdh;.
gy epuhfhpg;Gfs;> jilfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; rpukq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; tho;eJ ; >
,th;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nritahw;;wp te;Js;sdh; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. vdpDk;
mth;fSila gq;fspg;G ,d;wpaikahjJ. gy mghafu #o;epiyf;F kj;jpapYk;
Jzpe;J ngz;fspd; ghypay; kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;f chpikfs; rk;ge;jkhf jPhk ; hdpj;J
nraw;gLk; Ra mjpfhuk; gw;wp kf;fs; kj;jpapy; nfhz;L nrd;W ntspg;gilahf
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md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ngz;fs; ele;J nrd;Ws;sdh;.
,f;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ngz;zpa ,af;fq;fs; rhjpj;jtw;iw kPz;Lk; cilj;njwpa Xh;
tyJrhhp ,af;fk; kPzL ; k; jiyj; J}f;fpAs;s jUzj;jpy; ,g; ngz;fshw;wpa Nritfis
Muha;tJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. ,th;fsJ tho;fi ; f tuyhW>
vq; f Sila tuyhw; i wAk; ehk; tho; e ; J tUk;
fhyfl;lj;ijAk; xU fzk; rpe;jpj;J ghh;ff ; cjTk; vd
ek;GfpNwhk;.

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Kbahj ve;j ngz;Zk; Rje;jpuk; ngw;wth;
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m ah;yhe;J njhopyhsh; th;f;fj;ij Nrh;e;j khf;ul; `pfpd;];>

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kpfTk; gpd;dile;j fpuhkq;fspy; njhopw;GhpAk; Ntisapy; mq;Fs;s
ngz;fs; MNuhf;fpak; Fiwe;j epiyapy; fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpjj ; hh;.
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^1883-1966& jq;fSila gpwe;j Foe;ijfis guhkhpf;f Kbahj #o;epiyapYk;
fhzg;gl;ldh;. kjFUkhh; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jth;fs;
,zf;fk; fhl;Lk; gy jil rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;j fhuzj;jpdhy;

2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy; 11

fUj; j ilg; G rk; g e; j khd jfty; f s; vjidAk;
mwpe;Jf; nfhs;s Kbahj epiy fhzg;gl;lJ.
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jpl; l kplg; g l; l ngw; N whh; mikg; g hf (Planned
Parenthood Federation of America) khwpaJ.
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12
(The Women Rebel) %yk; me;j];j;J> epiy kw;Wk;
ghy; hPjpapyhd mlf;FKiw Nghd;w tplaq;fspy;
ngz;fis xd;wpizf;f Kide;jhh;. rk;gpujhaq;fs;>
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www.spartucus.schoolnet/Jsangar.htm
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
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Xh; tplakhftpUe;jJ.
Njhy;tpAw;w gy fhjy; tptfhuq;fspd; gpdd ; h;> ,th;
nu[pdhy;l; Nfl;]; vd;gtiu 1911y; kzk; Kbj;jhh;.
ngz; f spd; elj; i j vd; w tplaj; j py; > Nkhpia
Nghd;wy;yhJ nu[pdhy;bd; vz;zKk; fUj;Jk; gpd;
jq;fpajhfTk; ghuk;ghpa hPjpapyhdjhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
,UthpdJk; fUj;J NtWghl;bd; fhuzkhf Nkhp>
ngz;fs; Rje;jpu rq;fj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; ngWtij
nu[pdhy;l; vjphj; j; hh;. ,th;fSila jpUkzk; KOik
epiyia milatpyi ; y vd;w fhuzj;ijf; fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L 1916Mk; Mz;L uj;J nra;ag;gl;lJ.
me;ehl;fspy; ,r; nray; ,tUf;Fk; mgfPh;j;jp
tpistpfF ; k; Xh; Jzprr; yhd fhhpakhf fUjg;gl;lJ.
,th; vOjpa ‘jpUkz tho;f;if’ (Married Life)
vd; w Gj; j fj; j py; fztd; kidtpf; f pilapy;
rkj;JtkhdNjhh; cwT fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd
thjpff
; pwhh;. vdpDk; ,g;Gj;jfj;ij gpuRhpff
; gpuRfh;jj
; h;
xUtiu Njb miye;jhh;. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd;
Muk;gj;jpy; ghypay; fy;tpahdJ vq;FNk fhzg;ghlhj
Xh; tplakhf njd;gl;lJ. gyUf;F ghypaYwthdJ
fl;Lg;ghL kpf;f Xh; ,d;gkhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.
,th;fSk; ,th;fSila N[hbfSk; Kiwaw;w>
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
mlq; f pg; NghFk; mDgtk;
Fiwe;j cwtpy; <Lg;gl;ldh;.
ghypay; ,d;gk; jpUkzj;jpd; Xh;
mq;fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if jFe;j
top elj;jypd; %yNk
czh;j;jg;gl;lJ. Nkhp ];Nlhg;];
,t;tplaj;jpy; epGzj;Jt
Kiwia mZfp> ,jpy;
khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ngUk;
gq;ifahw;wpdhh;.
khh;r; 1958y;> rpwpa epWtdk; xd;W Nkhp ];Nlhg;]pd;
‘kzKbj;j fhjy;’ (Married Love) vd;w Gj;jfj;ij
gpuRupf;f xg;Gf; nfhz;lJ. gy rpukq;fspd; kj;jpapYk;
,ij gpuRupjj ; ik tPz; NghfhJ ntw;wpia mspjj ; J.
Gj;jfk; ntspahd mLj;jf; fzk; 2000 gjpTfs;
,U thuq; f Sf; F s; tpw; g id nra; a g; g l; l d.
Mz;bWjpf;Fs; MW Kiw ,g;Gj;jfk; kPs; gjpg;G
nra;ag;gl;lJ. ‘kzKbj;j fhjy;’ mnkhpf;fhtpYk;
ntspaplg;gl;lJ. Jh;mjph\ ; l
; trkhf ,g; Gj;jfk; Njt
epe;ijf;Fs;shd mgrhukhd tplakhff; mq;Fs;s
ePjpkd;wq;fs; fUjpajhy; ,jw;F jil tpjpff ; g;gl;lJ.
1918y; fUj; j il rk; g e; j khf ‘tpNtfkhd
ngw;Nwhh;fs;’ (Wise Parenthood) vd;w Gj;jfj;ij
];Nlhg;]; vOjpdhh;. kPzL
; k; kf;fspd; fz;ldg; ghh;it
mth; gf;fk; jpUk;gpaJ. ,g; Gj;jfk;> fUj;jil Xh;
Njt epe;ijf;Fhpa Kiwaw;w tplak; vdf; fUJk;
(Church of England) ‘rh;r; xg; ,q;fpyd;l;’ vd;W
miof;fg;gLk; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; Myak; vd;Dk; fpwp]j ; t
kj gphptpd; jiyth;fis Mj;jpu%l;baJ. Nkhp
]; N lhg; ] ; ,urhad Kiwapyhd fUj; j ilia
epuhfhpj;jhh;.
“cq;fSila thapDs; Nghl ,ayhj vtw;iwAk;
cq;fSila me;juq;f cUg;GfspDy; NghlyhfhJ”>
vd;gJ mtUila gpugy $w;W.
Nkhp ];Nlhg; mth;fs;> epahakhdjhff; fUJk;
midj;J tplaq;fSf;fhfTk; tho;ehs; KOtJk;
Nghuhbdhh; . 1921y; MNuhf; f pakhd fUj; j il
rq; f j; j pid (Society for Constructive Birth
13
Control) Muk;gpj;jhh;. mNj Mz;L nry;te;juhd
jdJ ,uz;lhtJ fzth; `k;gh; p Nuhtpd; cjtpAld;
KjyhtJ FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL rpfpr;ir epiyaj;jpid
yz;ldpy; n`hNyhNtapy; jpwe;jhh;.
,tuJ gj;jphpifahd ‘fUj;jil nra;jp’ apw;F
(Birth Control News) m w p f ; i f f i s A k ;
fl;LiufisAk; vOJtjpNyNa mjpf Neuj;ij
º\ˆ ´‚ðD
^1873-1962&
, yq;ifapy; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;w gpwehl;L
ngz; kUj;Jtuhf fdlhit rhh;e;j Nkhp
n`yd; ul;zk; Vh;tpd; fUjg;gLfpdw; hh;. ,th; fpwp]j; t
kp\dhp lhf;luhf ,yq;iff;F te;jhh;. Mdhy; Xh;
,yq; i faiu jpUkzk; nra; j fhuzj; j pdhy; >
kp\dhpfspdhy; epuhfhpf;fg;gl;lhh;. mur Nritapy;
jw;fhypf njhopyhw;wpa NghjpYk; fNdba gl;lg;gbg;gpd;
fhuzkhf ,thpd; gjtp epue;jukhf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Ik;gJ tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf r%f kWrPuikg;G>
Rfhjhu kWrPuikg;G> Rfhjhu fy;tp> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL>
kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;fhd murpay; chpikfs; Nghd;w
tplaq;fSf;F Mjupj;J> mJ njhlh;ghd
tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpajd; tpisthf
Njrpakl;lj;jpy; gpugykhdhh;.
1920fspy; Nkhp ul;zk; mjpfstpyhd Neuj;ij
nghJ NritapwF ; k; ngz;fs;> rpWth;fs; njhlh;Ggl;l
khehLfspwF; k; mh;gg; zpjj
; hh;. 1932y; lhf;. Nkhp ul;zk;
Kjd; K jyhf rh; r ; i rf; F hpa FLk; g f; f l; L g; g hL
14
nrytpl; l hh; . mj; J ld; ,thpd; Mf; f q; f Ss;
ehty;fSk; ftpijfSk; $l mlq;Fk;. ‘fhjypd;
cUthf; f k; ’ (Love’s Creation)> kw; W k; ‘,sq;
fhjyh;fSf;fhd fhjy; fPjq;fs;’ (Love Songs for
Young Lovers) vd;git ,tw;wps; rpy. 1958y; Nkhp
];Nlhg;]; fhykhdhh;.
jfty;: (,izaj; jsk;)
www.spartucus.schoolnet/Wstopes.htm
rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fis ntspg;gilahf nghJ
,lq;fspy; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhh;. gy jlq;fSf;Fk;
vjphg; G; fSf;Fk; kj;jpapYk; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL njhlh;ghd
tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jp mjw;F MjuT jpul;ba
khf;ul; rq;fh; Nghd;wth;fis Kd;Djhuzkhf nfhz;L
nraw;gl;lhh;. khf;ul; rq;fh; ,t;tplak; njhlh;ghf
,e;jpah cl;gl Mrpahtpy; gy ehLfSf;F tp[ak;
nra;Js;shh;. lhf;. ul;zk;> ,yq;ifapd;
FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;bd; jhahf gy re;jh;gg; q;fspy>; gyuhy;
miof;fg;gl;lhh;. ,t;tplaq;fspy; cs;@h; mjpfhhpfSk;
Mh;tk; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf gy;NtW Kaw;rpfspy; ,wq;fpa
NghjpYk; Njhy;tpiaNa jOtpdhh;. kUj;Jt gPl
khzth;fspd; ghljpl;lj;jpy; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;il
cs;slf;f murhq;fk; kWj;jJ. vdpDk; lhf;. ul;zk;
kfg;NgW Kiwapid xOq;F gLj;j gy
fUj;juq;FfisAk; $l;lq;fisAk; elj;jpdhh;. ,jdhy;
gy rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Nehpl;lJ. ,tuJ
eltbf;if ghuhl;bw;F gjpyhf mgfPhj; j; piaNa ngw;Wj;
je;jJ. (nla;yp kpuh; 24> bnrk;gh; 1981)
vdpDk; ,thpd; topf;fhl;lypy; 1937y; kUjhid>
Bd; tPjpapy; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL rpfpri
Muk;gpff
; r epiyak; xd;W
; g;gl;l NghjpYk; 1939y; ,uz;lhk; cyf Nghh;
Muk; g khdTld; murhq; f j; j pdhy; ,f; f l; b lk;
mgfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd;dh; ,t;thwhd rpfpr;ir
epiyak; xd; W 1953y; Muk; g pf; f g; g l; l J. gy
tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL mikg;gpYs;s
jpUkjp rpy;tpah ngh;zhe;J;> Nkhp ul;zk; mth;fs;
fpof;fpy; FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspy;
xd;iw jpwe;jikf;Fk; mf; fhyfl;lj;jpYk; mtuJ
vz; z q; f s; etP d Afj; i j rhh; e ; j itahf
,Ue;jikf;Fk; mtiu Nghw;wpg; ghuhl;bdhh; (kfpyh
[{iy 1962). lhf; . ul; z k; mth; f s; fLk;
tpkh;irfSf;F kj;jpapYk; njhlh;e;J
FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;il Mjhpj;J> mDruiz nra;J
te; j hh; . mth; flikfspypUe; J Xa; T ngWk;
NtisapYk; $l ez;gh;fsplKk; jdJ
NehahspfsplKk; “FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; ngz;fs;
rk;ge;jkhd gpur;ridfSf;F MNyhridfis ngw”
jd;dplk; tUtjw;F vg;nghOJk; mDkjp cz;nld
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 rpq; f sk; > jkpo; kw; W k; Mq; f py
gj;jphpiffs; midj;jpYk; mthpd;
tho;f;if kw;Wk; Nrit njhlh;ghf
fl;LiufSk; nra;jpfSk;
gpuRhpff; g;gl;ld. ‘jtr’ vDk; rpqf ; s
gj;jphpifahdJ mtiu gpwehLfspy;
Kd;dpiy tfpfF ; k; ngz;fshd Nkhp
ngh];lh;> mdp ngrd;l;> kw;Wk;
kpArpa]; `pfpd;]; (midtUk;
Mj;kf P Qhdk; kw;Wk; ngsj;j fy;tp
Nghd;wtw;Wld; njhlh;Gs;sth;fs;)
MfpNahUld; xg;gpl;L Muha;e;J>
“gy;yhapuk; ikapy;fSf;F mg;ghy;
Nkhp ul;zk; (eLtpy;) Nyb n`t;nyhf; kUj;Jtrhiyapy;
gpwe;j NghjpYk; jpUkjp ul;zk;
(Lady Havelock Hospital) jhjpaH kw;Wk; CopaHfSld; mth; f spd; ngauhdJ ngz;
Kd;Ndw;w tuyhw;wpy; jq;f
vOj; J f; f shy; nghwpf; f g; g l; b -
$wpdhh.; (Anita Captain Collections) (mdpl;lh Uf;Fk;” vd Fwpg;gpl;lJ. (‘jtr’ Nk 12> 1962). •
fg;nld; Nrfhpg;Gfs;)
Fwpg;G : ,f; fl;LiuAk; Gifg;glq;fSk; r%f
Nkhp ul;zk; 1962 Nk 15y; mtuJ 89tJ tajpNy tpQ;Qhdpfs; rq;fj;ij rhh;e;j Fkhhp [ath;jdhtpd;
fhykhdhh;. gy;NtW ,lq;fspypUe;Jk; murpay; 'lhf;lh; Nkhp ul;zk; : ,yq;if ngz;fs;
mikg;GfspypUe;Jk; cyfyhtpa hPjpapy; mtuJ chpikfSf;fhd Xh; Kd;Ndhb" >1993 Gj;jfj;jpy;
,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
kiwT Fwpj;J mDjhg nra;jpfs; te;Jf; Ftpe;jd.

fU fiyjiy
rl;luPjpahf
fU fiyjiy
mq;ff
P hp!
jil
nra!;
fw;wwpe;j jPh;khdq;fis vLf;fTk;>
tho;f;ifapy; vd;Dila
nray;fSf;F ehNd nghWg;Ngw;fTk;
fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk;> tsh;ej
;
gpd; ,t; tplak; njhlh;ghf
mr;rNkh my;yJ ftiyNah
nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy.

2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy; 15

 ,yq;ifapy; tpiykhJfSf;F
vjpuhd
k[xÁ≈Ô^
ng z;fis J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshf;Fk;
th;jj
; fkhd tpgrhu tpahghuj;jpd; mjpfhpgi
fl;Lg;gLj;j KidAk; mNjNtis tpgrhu njhopypy;
; g
<LgLk; ngz;fspd; chpikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtijAk;>
mth;fspd; eyk; Ngzg;gLtijAk; cWjpg;gLj;j
rl;lq;fisAk; mZFKiwfisAk; khw;wp mikf;f
vjph; Nehf;f Ntz;ba rthy;fs; njhlh;ghf Gy;gpiul;
Mizf;FOtpd; %j;j khzhf;fUk; mnkhpf;fhtpd;
Gdpj Yap]pYs;s kpRhp gy;fiyf;fof Fw;wr; nray;
Ma;TfSf;fhd cjtp NguhrphpaUkhd lhf;lh; N[hb
kpy;yh;> rh;tNjr ,d uPjpapyhd fy;tp epiyaj;jpy;
Mf];l; 8 md;W ‘,yq;ifapy; tpiykhJfSf;F
vjpuhd td; K iwfs; ’ vd; w jiyg; g py; jdJ
Ma;Tfis rkh;g;gpj;J ciuahw;wpdhh;. ,tuJ cjtp
Ma;thsh;fshd jp\hdh [aRe;ju> kw;Wk; b.vd;.
jahtd; r MfpNahUk; ,e; epfo; t py; fye; J f;
nfhz;ldh;.
tpgrhu njhopypy; <LgLNthh; td;KiwfSf;F
Kfk; nfhLf; f VJthf cs; s fhuzpfs; >
gpd;tpisTfs;> mj;Jld; khw;W topfs; Nghd;w
16
tplaq;fs; ,e; epfo;tpy; Muhag;gl;ld. lhf;lh; kpyy
fz;Nzhl;lk; fyhrhu mbg;gilapy; Mz;> ngz;
ghypay;G vt;thwhd tiutpyf;fzj;ij ngWfpd;wJ
; hpd;
mj;Jld; ,itfs; vt;thW rl;lj;jpl;lq;fSs;
cs;slf;fg;gLfpdw; d vd;gtw;wpy; ,Ue;jJ. mj;Jld;
ghypay; hPjpapyhf> Xh; Mz;kfd; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp
rYiffis mDgtpgg; tuhfTk; mNjNtis Xh; ngz;
ghypay; hPjpapy; J}a;ik cs;stuhfTk; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtjdhy; ,t;thwhd
re;jh;gg; q;fs; ngz;fis gyte;jkhf> J\;gpuNahfj;jpwF;
cs;shf;fp> tpiykhJfSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfis
Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; vd;gijAk; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhh;.
tpgrhuj; j py; <LgLk; ngz; f s; vt; t hW
tQ;rpff; g;gl;L ,t;th;jj
; fj;jpwF
; s; cs;thq;fg;gl;ldh;
vd;gJ njhlh;ghf ,tuJ Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; ,g;
ngz;fis Ngl;b fz;L ngw;w jfty;fis gfph;e;jhh;.
,g;ngz;fs; ,j;njhopYf;Fs; Eioa %yf; fhuzkhf
nghUshjhu gpur;rid ,dq; fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;
Xh; Fwpgg; pll
; mstpyhd rpyh;> kpfTk; ,sk; tajpNyNa
tQ;rpf;fg;gl;L> gyte;jkhfTk;> gyhj;fhukhTk; ,j;
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 njhopYf;F nfhz;L tug;gLfpd;wdh;. tUkhdj;ij
ms;spf;nfhLf;Fk; ,t;tpahghuj;jpd; ‘%yjdj;ij’
ghJfhf; f jufh; f shy; Mw; w g; g Lk; Nfhukhd
gq;ifg;gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij lhf;lh; kpy;yh; mspj;jhh;.
jufh; f s; ey; y Ntiytha; g ; G fis toq; F tjhf
thf;FWjp mspj;J my;yJ fhjy; tiyf;Fs; rpf;f
itg;gjd; %ykhf mth;fis ek;gp tUk; ngz;fis
tpgrhuj; njhopypy; <Lg; g Lj; J fpd; w dh; . tpgrhu
njhopypw;Fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;lTld; ,g;ngz;fs; Xh;
rpf;fyhd r%f Kiwapy; fhzg;gLk; kf;fspd;
kdg;ghq;FlDk;> tho;f;if ‘mope;Jtpl;lJ’ vdf;
fUJk; mth;fspd; nrhe;j kdg;ghq;FlDk; Nghuhl
Ntz;bath;fshf cs;sdh;.
Mz; thbf;ifahsh;fspd; kdg;ghq;F> ghuk;ghpa
uPjpapyhd Mz;fspd; jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk;> rYiffs;
kw;Wk; chpikfs; Nghd;w fhuzpfs; ,t;th;j;jfj;ij
fl; L g; g Lj; j p Mjpf; f k; nrYj; J fpd; w J. ,f;
fhuzj;jpdhNyNa tPjpfspy; tpgrhu njhopypy; fhuzkhf
elkhLk; ngz;fs;> tpLjpfspy; fhzg;gLk; ngz;fs;>
‘k]h[;’ epiyaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ngz;fs;> kw;Wk;
njhiyNgrp %ykhf njhlh;G nfhs;Sk; ngz;fs;
kPjhd td;Kiwfs; Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wd vd;gij
lhf; l h; kpy; y h; cWjpg; g Lj; j pdhh; . ,yq; i fapy;
tpgrhuj;jpw;nfjpuhf fhzg;gLk; rl;l Kiwfs;> ,j;
njhopYld; njhlh; G gl; b Uf; F k; ngz; f isNa
Fw;wthspfshf fUjp jz;bf;fpdw; d vd;gijAk; mth;
Rl; b f; fhl; b dhh; . tpgrhuk; vd; w tplaj; J ld;
njhlh;Gg;gl;l ruhrhp rl;lq;fshd tPjpfspy; tpgrhu
rl;lk;> tpgrhu tpLjpfs; rl;lk; ,uz;LNk tpgrhuj;jpy;
<LgLk; ngz; f spNyNa ftdk; nrYj; J fpd; w d.
tPjpfspy; tpgrhu rl;lkhdJ tpgrhuj;jpy; <Lgl
mioj;jy;> rk;ghjpj;jy;> MjuT mspj;jy;> kw;Wk;
tpgrhuj;jpy; <Lgl gyte;jg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;witfis
rl;l tpNujkhf fUJfpd;wJ. mNj Nghy; tpgrhu
tpLjpfs; rl;lkhdJ> tpgrhu tpLjpia elj;JtijNah
my; y J itj; j pUg; g ijNah rl; l tpNujkhf
nfhs;fpdw; J. Mdhy; jq;fSila ‘Njfj;ij tpwg; id’
nra; A k; tpiykhJfs; khj; j puNk eP j p> rl; l k;
vd; g tw; w pw; F Kd; nfhz; L tug; g Lfpd; w dh; ; .
tpgrhuj;jpid Fw;w nrayhf fUjp mjw;F vjpuhf
fhzg;gLk; rl;ljpll ; q;fs; vt;thW tpgrhuj;jpy; <LgLk;
ngz;fis ,iuahf;fp J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F Mshf;Fk;
mghafu epiy Njhd;Wtpf;fpd;wJ vd;gij lhf;lh;
kpy;yh; tpsf;fpdhh;. ,g; ngz;fs; rl;lj;jpd; %ykhf
cjtpfis ngWtjw;F kWf;fg;gl;l epiyapid
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L rl;lj;ij epiyehl;Lk; mjpfhhpfs;
,r; re;jh;g;gj;ij jq;fs; Rayhgj;jpw;fhf
gad;gLj;Jfpdw; dh;. Nkw;Fwpgg; pll
; rfy tpjkhd tpgrhu
njhopy;fSs; tPjpfspy; tpgrhuj; njhopypy; fhuzkhf
elkhLk; ngz;fNs mjpf mghaj;jpw;F Mshfpd;wdh;.
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
rpy rkaq;fspy>; nghUl;fs; thq;f filfSf;F nry;Yk;
NtiyapYk; ifJ nra;ag;gLfpd;wdh;. ifJ nra;j
mjpfhhpfs; jq;fis gFb kw;Wk; ghypay; uPjpapyhd
tijf;F cs;shf;;fgLfpd;wdh; vd rpy ngz;fs;
Fw;wr;rhl;b cs;sdh;. mj;Jld; ,th;fs; tpLtpff ; g;gl
Ntz;Lkhdhy; ifkhwhf gzk; jUkhWk; my;yJ
mth; f Sld; ,ytrkhf ghYwtpy; <LgLkhWk;
fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpdw; dh;.; ,g; nghyP]; mjpfhhpfs;> gzk;
m y ; y J , y t r g h Y w t p w ; f h f ‘k ] h [ ; ’
epiyaq;fSf;Fk; tpgrhu tpLjpfspYf;Fk; tp[ak;
nra;fpd;wdh;. jpBh; nghyP]; ghpNrhjidfSf;F mQ;rp
,t; tpgrhu tpLjpfspd; eph; t hfk; ,th; f spd;
Njitfis G+h;j;jp nra;fpd;wd. rl;l ePjp kd;wj;jpy;
rl; l j; i j epiyehl; L k; mjpfhhpf; F vjpuhf Xh;
tpiykhjpd; Ngr; R vLglhnjd jd; D ila
Muha; r ; r pahsh; xUtUf; F rpy mjpfhhpfs;
ntspg;gilahf $wpaij lhf;lh; kpy;yh; Rl;bf;
fhl;bdhh;.
tpgrhuj; j pid fl; L g; g Lj; j murhq; f j; j pdhy;
ifahsg; g Lk; > tpgrhuj; j pid jil nra; A k;
mZFKiwNa> tpgrhu njhopypy; <Lg; g LNthh;
mjpfstpy; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F MshFk; #o;epiyia
cUthf;Ffpd;wJ vdf; Ma;Tfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd.
khw;W ghpfhukw;w epiyapy; ,th;fs; Fw;wthspfshf
fUjg;gLk; nghOJ J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F MshFk;
mghafu epiy fhzg;gLfpdw; J. ,ij njspTg;gLj;j
lhf;. kpy;yh; mtuJ cjtp Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; xd;W
jpul;ba tpiykhJfSf;F vjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
FO fw;gopg;G> jhf;Fjy;fs;> kw;Wk; nfhs;isr;
rk;gtq;fs; Nghd;w gy;NtW epfo;Tfis vLj;Jg;
fhl;bdhh;. J\;gpuNahfj;ijAk; td;KiwfisAk;
jtph;f;f muR tpgrhu th;j;jfj;ij Fw;w nrayhf
fUjhJ> rl; l uP j pahf mq; f P f hpj; J > mj; J ld;
gyte; j khf tpgrhuj; j py; <LgLj; j y; ; > Nkhrbfs; >
nfhs; i s rk; g tq; f s; kw; W k; J\; g puNahfk;
Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ,g; ngz;fis ghJfhj;jiyNa
jFe; j khw; W topahf fUjpdhh; . ,t; t hwhd
mZFKiw ,j;njhopypy; <Lg;gLk; ngz;fspd;
chpikfSf;Fk; tho;f;iff;Fk; Xh; Gjpa jpUg;gj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jk;.
lhf;lh; N[hb kpy;yh; jdJ Muha;r;rpapd; ,Wjp
mwpf; i fia rh; t Njr ,d hP j papyhd fy; t p
epiyaj;jpw;F kpf tpiutpy; ifaspf;f cs;shh;.
mj;Jld; chpikfs; kWf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; tpgrhu
njhopypy; <LgLk; ngz;fspd; epiyia mgptpUj;jp
nra;a rh;tNjr ,d hPjpapyhd fy;tp epiyaj;Jld;
,ize;J nfhs;if rpghhpRfis cUthf;FthnudTk;
vjph;g;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. •
mkpjhg; me;Njhdpgps;is
17
 1980 - 85 fhyg;gFjpapy; nghypnuf;]; Milj;
njhopw;rhiyapy; gzpahw;wpa gj;kpdp tPu
#hpa vd;gth; 1985Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w
ghhpa nghypnuf;]; Ntiy gfp];fhpg;gpy;
fye;Jnfhz;l xU rNfhjhpahthh;.
mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; mth; ifj;njhopy;
re;jpg;G Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; nghJ Copah; rq;fj;jpd;
nghypnuf;]; fpisapd; ,izr;nrayhsuhf
gzpahw;wpapUe;jhh;.

nghypnuf;]; Ntiy gfp];fhpg;G fhuzkhf

njhopy; tha;g;ig ,oe;j mth; gpd;dh;
kfsph; nraw;ghl;lhsuhf [h-vy kfsph;
epiyaj;jpy; KONeu gzpahsuhf jkJ
gzpia Muk;gpj;jhh;. ,e;j epiyak; [h-vy>
nfhf;fiy> gpafk> fl;Lehaf;f Rje;jpu
th;j;jftya gpuNjrj;jpYs;s ngz;
njhopyhsh;fSld; ,ize;J
ngz;njhopyhsh; vjph;Nehf;Fk; gpur;ridfs;
kw;Wk; Rfhjhu> rl;l> njhopyhsh; chpikfs;
njhlh;ghd gpur;ridfspYk; jiyapl;L
chpa eltbf;iffis vLj;J te;Js;sJ.
NkYk; ,e;epiyak; ngz; Copah;fsplk;
fhzg;gLk; jpwikfis tpUj;jp
nra;tjw;fhfTk; mth;fsJ MSikia
tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk; Njitahd
topf;fhl;ly;fisAk trjpfisAk; toq;fp
tUfpwJ.

gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd njhopyhsh;fis
eph;ff
; jpahf;fpa Milf;Nfhl;lh
M ilf; Nfhl;lh vd;why;
vd;d?
Milf; N fhl; l h vdg; g LtJ VjhtnjhU
ehl;bypUe;J ,e;nehU ehl;bw;F mth;fsJ
cw;gj;jpfis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F tiuaiwfis
eph;zapg;gjhFk;.
1974 fhyg;gFjpapy; ,e;j Milf;Nfhl;lh Kiw
Kjy; Kiwahf mnkhpf;fhtpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
mnkhpf;fh jdJ Milf;ifj;njhopy;
tPor; r; pailahj tifapy; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf
Vida ehLfspypUe;J tUk; tiuaiw mw;w
Mil cw;gj;jpfSf;F jil tpjpg;gjw;fhf ,e;j
Kiwia mwpKfk; nra;a Ntz;ba
NjitNaw;gl;lJ. 1970fspy; jpwe;j nghUshjhu
Kiwik Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l gpd;dh; mgptpUj;jp
mile; J tUk; ehLfspypUe; J Fiwe; j
MFnrytpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; Milfs;
mnkhpf; f re; i jf; F tUtij jil nra; a
Ntz;bNaw;gl;;lJ. ,jdhy; mth;fs; xt;nthU
ehLfspypUe;Jk; Mz;LNjhWk; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;
msT njhlh;ghd ,zf;fg;ghLfs; vl;lg;gl;ld.
,jw;fpzq;f mnkhpf;fh mjd; KjyhtJ Nfhl;lh
Kiwia 1974,y; Muk; g pj; j J. 1981,y;
,uz;lhtJ Nfhl;lh Kiw 1986,y; %d;whtJ
Nfhl;lh Kiw 1991,y; ehd;fhtJ Nfhl;lh

18 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;

 Kiwnad ,e; j eilKiwia Muk; g pj; J
Kd; n dLj; J r; n ry; y njhlh; e ; J eltbf; i f
vLf;fg;gl;lJ. mnkhpff ; h mjd; Nfhl;lh Kiwia
1978 Mz;by; ,yq;iff;F mwpKfk; nra;jJ.
vdpDk;> gy ehLfs; ,e;j Nfhl;lh Kiwikahy;
jpwe; j tpahghu eltbf; i ffSf; F ghjpg; G
Vw; g l; L s; s njd njhptpj; j d. xUrpy ehLfs;
,Jgw;wp tpkh;rdk; nra;jJ khj;jpukpdw; p vjphg; i
ntspf;fhl;bapUe;jd. mjd; gpufhuk; cyf th;j;jf
mikg;G ,f;Nfhl;lh Kiwia ,uj;Jr;nra;a
eltbf;if vLj;J gbg;gbahf mij
,uj;Jr;nra;jJ.
,f;Nfhl;lh Kiwapd; ,Wjpf;fl;lk; 2000
njhlf;fk; 2004 tiu epytpaJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd;
Milj;Jiwapy; khj;jpukpd;wp %d;whk; cyf
ehLfs; gytw;wpYk; jhf;fj;ijr; nrYj;JfpwJ.
tq;fhsNjrj;jpy; gjpdhW kpy;ypad; njhopshyh;fs;
(Mz; ngz; ,UghyhUk; ) jq; f s; njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fis ,of;fpd;wdh;.
,e;j Nfhl;lh Kiw Kbtiljy;
,yq;ifapd; Milf;ifj;njhopiy
vt;thW ghjpf;fpwJ?
jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; Rkhh; 830
Milf; i fj; n jhopw; r hiyfs; ,aq; F fpd; w d.
,tw;Wy; 253 ghhpa ifj;njhopw;rhiyfSk; 438
eLj; j u ifj; n jhopw; r hiyfSk; 157 rpwpa
i f j ; n j h o p w ; r h i y f S k ; m l q ; F f p d ; w d . Nfhl;lh Kiwik ,uj;Jr;nra;ag;gl;l
,f;ifj;njhopwr; hiyfspy; Rkhh; %d;W ,yl;rj;J
ehw; g jhapuk; gzpahsh; f s; Neubahf gzpapy;
<Lgl;Ls;sdh;. ,jpy; ngz; Copah;fs; 85 rjtPj
gq; f spg; i gr; nrYj; J fpd; w dh; .
,tw;iwtpl Kiwrhuh JiwapYk;
mNefkhNdhh; gzpahw;wp
tUfpd; w dh; . rpy rkaq; f spy;
Kiwrhuh JiwapYs;s
ifj; n jhopw; r hiyfSk; ,e; j
Nfhl;lh Kiwikahy;
ghjpff; g;gLfpdw; d. fhuzk; mth;fs;
ghhpa ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J
cg nfhe;juhj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W
(Sub contract) gzpahw;Wfpwhh;fs;. rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk;
cjhuzkhf ghhpa
ifj;njhopw;rhiyfSf;fhd jwp
(Button) c w ; g j ; j p > Jzp
Vw;wpr;nry;yy;> Milfis
njhq;ftpLk; cgfuzq;fs; cw;gj;jp
nra;jy; Nghd;w fUkq;fspy; <LgLk;
ifj; n jhopw; r hiyfs; ,jpy;
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
mlq;Ffpd;wd. jw;Nghija kjpg;gPLfspd; gpufhuk;
gpujhd ifj;njhopw;rhiyfis rhh;e;Js;s cg
ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk; Copah;fspd;
vz; z pf; i f Rkhh; gj; J ,yl; r k; . vdNt
Milf; N fhl; l h mw; W g; N ghtjhy; ,th; f spd;
njhopyt ; ha;gG; f;fSk; gwpff
; g;gl;L tpLk;. jw;Nghija
Ma;twpf;if jfty;fspd; gpufhuk; rpwpa kw;Wk;
; gAk; eLj;ju ifj;njhopwr; hiyfs; %lg;gLk; mghaj;ij
vjph; N ehf; f pAs; s d. ,jdhy; ,f; i fj; n jhopw;
rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk; Rkhh; xU ,yl;rj;J
,Ugjhapuk; Ngh; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis ,of;Fk;
Neubahd mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
,t;tidj;J Milf;ifj;njhopw;
rhiyfSk; Nfhl;lh Kiwikapd;
mbg;gilapy; mike;jdth?
midj;Jk; ,y;iy. ,yq;ifapYs;s
ifj;njhopwr; hiyfspy; 85 rjtPjkhdiit Nfhl;lh
Kiwik mbg; g ilapNyNa ,aq; F fpd; w d.
vdNtjhd; ,yq;iff;F ,Jtiuapy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l Milfis tpw;gid nra;Ak; nghJ
jhf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. ehq;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;
Milfis mnkhpf; f h kw; W k; INuhg; g pa
re;ijfSf;F mDg;Gtjw;fhd tha;gG; f;fs; ,Ue;jd.
vkf; F kl; L kd; w p ve; j nthU ehl; b w; F k;
,r;re;ijfSf;F Milfis Vw;Wkjp nra;a
KbAk;.
gpd;dh; Mil cw;g;gj;jpfis cyf
re;ijf;F mDg;Gtjw;F vkf;Fs;s
tha;g;Gf;fs; jilg;gLfpd;wdth?
,y;iy. vkf;F cyf
...jw;Nghija re;ijf;F Mil Vw;Wkjp nra;a
Ma;twpf;if KbAk;. vdpDk; vkf;F Vida
jfty;fspd; gpufhuk; ehLfSld; Nghl;bapl;L re;ij
rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju tha;g;Gf;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
ifj;njhopw;rhiyfs; Ntz; b As; s J. ,d; W tiu
%lg;gLk; mghaj;ij ,t; t hwhd Nghl; b j; j d; i k
vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sd. fhzg; g ltpy; i y. Nfhl; l h
,jdhy; Kiwik fhuzkhf mnkhpf;fh
,f;ifj;njhopw; vk;ehl;L cw;gj;jpfis
fl;lhakhf nfhs;tdT nra;jJ.
Rkhh; xU ,yl;rj;J 2005 gpd;dh; mjhtJ Nfhl;lh
,Ugjhapuk; Ngh; Kiwik KbTf;F te;jJk;
njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis vk; e hl; L ifj; n jhopw; r hiy
,of;Fk; Neubahd chpikahsh;fSf;F Njitahd
mr;RWj;jy; fl;lisfisg; ngw;Wf;
fhzg;gLfpwJ... nfhs;tjw;F ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd;>
19
rPdh> jha;yhe;J> tpal;ehk; Nghd;w ehLfSld; gfpuq;f
re;ijapy; Nghl;bapl Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.
Nghl;bapl;L fl;lisfisg; ngWksTf;F
vk;ehl;L cw;gj;jpfs; juk; Fiwe;jit
vd ePq;fs; fUJfpwPh;fsh?
mg;gbapy;yhtpl;lhy; mjw;Fs;s
jilfs; vit?
vkJ ehl;bd; Mil cw;gj;jpfs; cah;e;j
juj;jpy; ,y;iynad $WtJ fbdk;. fhuzk;
,Jty;y. cz;ikapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; vq;fs;
ehl;by; Milf;ifj;njhopnyd;W xd;wpy;iy.
ijay; epiyaq; f s; kl; L Nk ,Uf; f pd; w d.
Milf;ifj;njhopy; uPjpapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; mila
Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;Fj; Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fs;
,q;NfNa cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;>
jw;NghJ Mil cw;gj;jpfF ; Njitahd midj;J
%yg;nghUl;fSk; NtW ehLfspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;L ijj;j gpdd ; h; Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
ehq;fs; Nghl;bapl Ntz;bAs;s ehLfspy; ,e;epiy
fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. mth;fs; Njitahd
%yg; n ghUl; f is mth; f Sila ehl; b NyNa
cw;gj;jp nra;fpwhh;fs;.
%yg;nghUl;fis ntspehLfspypUe;J
ngw;NwDk; cah;e;j juj;jpy; Milfs;
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLkhdhy;> ,yq;iff;F
re;ij tha;g;Gf;fis Njl
KbahjpUg;gNjd;?
Milf; i fj; n jhopyhdJ ehSf; F ehs;
tpj; j pahrkhd khjphpAUf; f is jahhpg; g jpy;
jq;fpAs;sJ. ,q;F xU khjphpAUit G+h;j;jpahf;f
vLf;fg;gLk; fhyk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ.
,jdbg;gilapy; vkJ Milf;ifj;njhopy; kpfTk;
gpdj; q;fpa epiyapy; cs;sJ. vkf;F xU fl;lis
fpilj;j gpd;dh; mij G+h;j;jp nra;J kPz;Lk;
Vw;Wkjp nra;tjw;F Mff;;Fiwe;jJ %d;W
my;yJ ehd;F khjq;fs; vLg;gNj mjw;F fhuzk;.
khjphpAUf;fs; NtWgLtij Nehf;Fk;NghJ etPd
re; i jAld; Nghl; b apLtjpy; ,J kpfg; n ghpa
jilahfTs;sJ.
vkJ gzpahw;njhFjpapdhpd;
tpidj;jpwdpy; FiwghL gw;wpAk; ,q;F
$wg;gl;Ls;sjh?
cz;ikapy; vq;fSila gzpahw;njhFjpapdh;
cah; tpidj;jpwd; nfhz;lth;fs;. ,q;Fs;s gpujhd
gpur;rid tpidj;jpwd; gw;wpajy;y. %yg;nghUl;fspd;
,wf;Fkjp gw;wpajhFk;. ,e;jpah> rPdh Nghd;; w
ehLfSf;F fl;lisnahd;W fpilj;jhy; mjid
20
G+h; j ; j pahf; f mth; f Sf; F ,uz; L thuq; f Ns
Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fis
me;je;j ehLfspy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbtNj mjw;F
fhuzk;. mjdhy; ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfSf;F
Vida ehLfSld; Nghl;bapl;L fl;lisfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fs;s tha;g;Gf;fs; Fiwthf
,Uf;fpwJ.
,e;epiy fhuzkhf Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs;
,of;fg;gLtjw;Fk; Nkyhf ehL vd;w
uPjpapy; vjph;Nehf;f Ntz;ba NtW
gpur;ridfs; vit?
gpujhdkhf ,yq;iff;F fpilf;Fk; ifj;njhopy;
rhh;ej; me;epa nryhtzp mw;Wg;NghFk;. tUlhe;jk;
vkJ nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; mjhtJ 17
gpyy; pad; mnkhpff
; nlhyh;fspy; 3 gpyy
; pad; nlhyh;fs;
Milf;ifj;njhopy; %yk; <l;lg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;Fk;
Nkyhf ,jdhy; kiwKfkhf ghjpf;fg;gLk; NkYk;
rpy Jiwfs; cs;sd. mjhtJ kj;jpafpof;F
ehLfspy; Milj;njhopw;rhiyfspy; gzpahw;Wk;
ngUe; n jhifahd ,yq; i fah; f s; cs; s dh; .
me;ehLfspYk; ,f;Nfhl;lh Kiw fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mLj; j Mz; b y; kj; j pafpof; f pypUe; J Rkhh;
,Ugjhapuk; ,yq;ifah;fs; ,q;F tuTs;sdh;.
mth;fs; gFjp gFjpahf kPz;Lk; ehL jpUk;g
Muk;gpj;Js;sdh;.
,e;neUf;fbf;F jPh;T ngUtjw;fhf
njhopw;rq;f uPjpapy; ePq;fs; vLj;Js;s
jPh;khdq;fs; vit?
,e;ehl;L njhopwr; q;fq;fs; ,JFwpjJ ; kpf ePzl
;
fhykhf Fuy;nfhLj;J te;Js;sd. mg;Nghija
murhq;fq;fSf;Fk; jfty;fs; rkh;g;gp;f;fg;gl;ld.
mit ,JFwpj; J ftdk; nrYj; j tpy; i y.
cz; i kapy; ,g; g pur; r idahy; ghhpa r%f
gpur;ridfs; Vw;gl tha;g;Gs;sJ. ,e;neUf;fbapd;
gpujp$yq;fis Fiwj;J ; f;nfhs;tjw;F cldbahf
vLf;fg;glNtz;ba MNyhridfs; gpd;tUkhW
njhopwr; q;fq;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. mitahtd>
- njhopy; tha;g;ig ,of;Fk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F
epajprr; l;l chpjJ
; fSf;fhd cj;juthjkspjj; y;>
Nghjpa ,og; g P l ; L j; n jhifAld; Ntiy
tha;g;Gf;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.
- cw;gj;jpfSf;F Gjpa re;ij tha;g;Gf;fis
Njl jahh; epiyapy; ,Uj;jy;.
- Copah; ek;gpfi
; f epjpak;> Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak;>
Nrit epiwT kpifA+jpak; (gzpf;nfhil)
kw; W k; epajpr; r l; l chpj; J f; f s; vd; g d
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 Kjyhspkhhpdhy; itg;Gr;nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdth
vd;gij njhlh;e;Jk; fz;;fhzpj;jy;.
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,f;nfhLg;gdTfis chpa Kiwapy; toq;fhj
ifj;njhopw;rhiy chpikahsh;fs; mth;fSila
njhopwr; hyfis tpiutpy; %b tpLfpdw; dh;. njhopy;
jpizf;fsj;jpwf ; hf epakpff
; g;gl;Ls;s fz;fhzpgG;
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs;> fhzg;gLk; tsq;fspd; tiuaiw
mbg;gilapy; ,it chpa Kiwapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy vd;w Kiwg;ghLfSk;
fpilj;Js;sd.
njhopw;rhiy chpikahsh;fs; ,t;thW
njhopshyh;fspd; rhh;gpy; epiwNtw;-
wNz;ba flikfis jtw tpLtJ
njhlh;gpy; vt;tifahd eltbf;ifia
vLf;f Ntz;Lk;?
gpujhdkhf rpy rl;lq;fis jpUj;jk; nra;a
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toq;fs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; jw;NghJ
mKypYs;s njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; midj;J
Milj; n jhopshyh; f Sk; cs; s lf; f g; g lhjjhy;
rl;lj;jpYs;s ,t;thwhd FiwghLfis epth;j;jp
nra; a Ntz; L k; . ifj; n jhopw; r hiyfis
%btpLk;NghJ njhopy; MizahsUf;F my;yJ
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Ntz; L nkd; w rl; l k; jw; N ghJ mKypYs; s
rl; l j; j py; cs; s lf; f g; g ltpy; i y. ,jdhy;
Kjyhspkhh;fs; vtUf;Fk; mwptpf;fhJ jPBnud
kiwe;J tpLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
vdNt ,t; t hwhd tha; g ; G f; f is mbNahL
xopff; f;$ba rl;lj;ij mKyhf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
njhopwr; hiy %lg;gLk;NghJ filg;gpbf;fNtz;ba
eilKiwfis gpd;gw;Wtjhy; njhopyhsh;fSf;F
Vw;gLfpd;w mePjpfis Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
,t;thW Milf;ifj;njhopy; Jiwapy;
njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis ,of;Fk;
njhopyhsh;fSf;fhf mwpKfk; nra;J
itf;ff;$ba khw;W njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fs; vd ePq;fs; vtw;iw
Kd;itf;f tpUk;GfpwPh;fs;?
jw;NghJ Milf;ifj;njhopy; rhh;e;j njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLk; %lg;glhj
ifj; n jhopw; r hiyfspy; 15000 ntw; w plq; f s;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it njhlh;ghd jfty;fisj;
jpul;b ml;ltizg;gLj;jp mJFwpj;J
gzpahsh;fis njspTgLj;jp mt;ntw;wplq;fSf;fhd
Neh;Kfg;ghPli
; rfSf;Fj; Njhw;Wtjw;F Njitahd
tpLKiwfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gij xU khw;W
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
eltbf;ifahf Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. NkYk; Gjpa re;ij
tha;g;Gf;fisj; Njl Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J
tpidj;jpwd; Nghl;bf;fhd xd;wy;y.
vkJ ehl;bd; Nehpilahd Jiwfis tpUj;jp
nra;tjD}lhf Nghl;bf;fsj;jpy; Eisa Kaw;rp
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf ,d;W INuhg;ghit
cs;slf;fpa gy;NtW ehLfspy; midj;Jyf
r%fj;jpdhpilNa r%f flg;ghl;Lld; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fis khj;jpuk; nfhs;tdT
nra; A k; xU eltbf; i f fhzg; g LfpwJ.
(mOf;fhd Milfis Gwf;fzpj;jy; mjhtJ
njhopyhsh;fspd; mbg;gil chpikfs;
ntd; n wLf; f g; g Lk; tpjj; j py; Mf; f g; g Lk;
cw;gj;jpfis nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; eltbf;if-
Clean Cloth Campaign) ,tw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf
,yq; i f muR Vw; W f; n fhz; ; L s; s rh; t Njr
njhopyhsh; cld;gbf;ifia nraw;ghl;L hPjpahf
eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjd; %yk; re; i japy;
Nehpilahd ew;ngaiu fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;. Rje;jpu
th;j;jf tyaj;jpDs; jw;NghJ eilngw;W tUk;
njhopyhsh; f spd; chpik kP w y; f is epWj; j p
chpikfs; mDgtpg; g jw; f hd re; j h; g ; g q; f s;
cUthf;fg;gLkhdhy; ,yq;iff;F Nehpilahd
ew;ngah; fpilf;Fk; mNjNtis njhopyhsh;fs;
milAk; jpUg;jpiaf;nfhz;L cw;gj;jp
tpidj;jpwidAk; mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
njhopyhsh;fspd>; r%f flg;ghl;il epiwNtw;Wt-
jw;fhd eilKiwia tpUj;jpnra;tjD}lhf cyf
Nghf;Ffis vkf;F rhjfkhf khw;wpf;nfhs;syhk;.
kfsph; epiyak; Nghd;w ngz;fs;
mikg;GfSf;Fk; njhopw;rq;f
,af;fj;jpw;Fk; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis
,of;Fk; njhopyhsh;fs; njhlh;gpy;
vt;thwhd flg;ghL ,Uf;fpwJ?
ehk; midtUk; xd;wpize;J
,j;njhopyhsh;fSf;F ePjpia epiy ehl;l mzpNru
Ntz;Lk;. jw;NghJ vq;fs; mikg;Gk; Rje;jpu
th; j ; j f tyaj; j py; nraw; g Lk; mikg; G fSk;
xd;wpize;J Milj;njhopyhsh;fspd;
chpikfSf;fhd mikg;G (ALARM) vd;w ngahpy;
,af;fnkhd;iw Muk;gpjJ ; s;Nshk;. nghWg;Gtha;ej ;
mjpfhhpfSf;F ,J njhlh;ghd vkJ
gpNuuizfis ,t;tpaf;fj;jpD}lhf rkh;g;gpj;Njhk;.
tpNrlkhf njhopwr; hiy chpikahsh;fs; rq;fj;jpwF ;
ehq; f s; ,g; g pNuuizfis rkh; g ; g pj; J s; N shk; .
,tw;Wf;F rhjfkhd gpujpgyd;fs; fpl;Lnkd
vjph;g;ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
21
,Wjpahf> ,e;j ifj;njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J
ePf;fg;gLk; ngz;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; r%f
gpur;ridfSf;fhd jPh;Tfis vt;thW
ngwyhk;?
,yq;if muR mjd; KOikahd ftdj;ij
nrYj;j Ntz;ba xU gpur;ridnad;Nw ,jid
ehd; fUJfpNwd; . ,J ntWkNd ngz;
mikg;GfSk; njhopw;rq;fq;fSk; ,iztjhy;
kl;Lk; jPh;f;fg;glf;$ba xd;wy;y. ehL> r%fk;
mj;NjhL midj;J gpui[fspdJk; ftdk; jpUk;g
Ntz;ba xU tplak;.
,j;njhopy;fspd; jd;ikf;F ,zq;f
ntspNaw;wg;gLgth;fs; ghpG+uz mwpT epiwe;j
njhopyhsh;fs; my;y vd;gJ Fwpgg; plj;jf;fJ. ngz;
njhopyhsh;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mth;fs;
gj;jhz;L fhykhf xU Milapd; xU gFjpiaNa
ijj;jpUf;fpdw; hh;fs;. ,th;fSf;F KOikahd xU
Milia ijg;gjw;fhd mwpitg;ngw re;jh;gg; q;fs;
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
ÿ√ð; Ô”¬z ®]´V™
√VoB_ k[xÁ≈Ô^
tp Q;QhdKk;> ehfhPfKk;
thd; Nehf;fp cah;e;J-
nfhz; L nry; Y k; ,f; f hyg; -
gFjpapy; ngz; f Sf; n fjpuhd
ghypay; td;Kiwfs; mjpfhpj;Jr;
nry; t Jk; > ngz; f s; taJ
tpj;jpahrkpd;wp ,t;td;Kiwf;F
Mshf Ntz; b As; s ikAk; >
(ghypay; ty;Ywtpdhy;) cly;
hPjpahfTk;> cshPjpahfTk; rKjhak;
ghjpf;fg;gLtJk;> ftiyf;Fhpa
tplaKk; ahuhYk; kiwf;fNth
kWf;fNth Kbahj
cz;ikAkhFk;.
jw; N ghja fhyfl; l j; j py; ekJ ehl; i l
vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,dg;gpuer;ridahy;
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;l Aj;jk; fhuzkhf
,uhZtj; j pdhy; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; l ghypay;
td; K iwfs; ,lk; n gw; w d. ,jdhy; capiu
,oe;jth;fSk; cz;L..
22
toq;fg;gltpy;iy. vdNt ,th;fSf;F Mil
ijg;gij Ra njhopyhf Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJs;sJ.
mt;thW nra;tjhapd; mth;fs; kPz;Lk; gapw;rp
ngwNtz;bAs;sJ. vdpDk; ngz;fs;
fy;tpawpTs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mjdhy;
mth;fSf;F NtW njhopy; tha;gG; f;fis mwpKfk;
nra;J itf;f KbAk;. tpNrlkhf fy;tpawptpyy ; hj
ngz;fs; ,j;njhopy;fisf;nfhz;L mth;fsJ
FLk;gq;fis topelj;Jfpd;wdh;. jk;gp jq;ifahpd;
fy;tpff; hf nryT nra;fpdw; dh;. mth;fspd; njhopy;
tha;g;Gf;fs; gwpf;fg;gLtjhy; r%fg;gpur;ridfs;
Njhw;wk; ngWtJ cWjp. jFe;j mjpfhhpfshy;
,J cldbahf ftdj;jpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz; b AJk; jP h ; T ngwNtz; b aJkhd xU
gpur;ridnad;Nw ehd; ,ij mtjhdpf;fpd;Nwd;. •
Neh;fhzy; elj;jpath;
Rkpf;fh ngNuuh
ngz;fs; epr;rakhfg;
ngz; f Sf; n fjpuhd ghypay;
ty; Y wT> td; K iwfs; gw; w p
mwpe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. xU
FLk;gj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;
mjpy; cs;s ghl;b> mk;kh Nghd;w
%j;j cwTKiwapdh;> my;yJ
mayth;fs;> cwtpdh;fs;>
jq;fisnahj;j ngz;fsplKk;>
rpwpa ngz; g ps; i sfsplKk;
,Jgw;wpAk;> ,jd; ghjpgG; gw;wpAk;
NgrNtz; L k; . vg; g bj; j twhd
Nrl;ilfis jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;tJ
vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> jq;fis vg;gbg;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tJ gw;wpAk; rhpahfj; njspthd
tpsf; f q; f isg; Ghpe; J nfhs; S k; g b nra; j y;
Ntz;Lk;. rpW gps;isfSf;F jq;fs; cliy
vtUk; njhlNth> jOtNth mDkjpf; f
Ntz;lhnkd $wptu Ntz;Lk;. ,J rk;ge;jkhd
mwpTiufisAk; Ngh];lh;fisAk; Njrpa rpWth;
ghJfhg;G mjpfhurig jkpopYk; kw;iwa ,U
nkhopfspYk; epiwa ntspapl;Ls;sd.
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 ghypay; td;Kiwahy; mjpfstpy;
Jd;GWj;jYf;Fs;shtJ 10 - 16 taJf;Fl;gl;l
rpWkpfs; vd;W $wg;gLfpdw; J. vdNt ngw;Nwhh;fs;>
Mrphpah;fs;> ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs;> Clfq;fs;
%ykhfTk; mwpTiufs; nfhLf; f g; g l; L
tpspg; G zh; T cz; l hf; f g; g LtJ fl; l ha
NjitahFk;.
ghypay; ty;YwTgw;wp NkYk; Muha;e;jhy;........
jw;Nghja fhyfl;lj;jpy; ngz;fs; mjpfstpy;
Ntiyf;Fr; nry;fpwhh;fs;. ,jd; fhuzkhf Ntiy
nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nra;Ak;
thfdq;fspy; ghypay; njhe;juTf;Fs;shfpwhh;fs;.
,J ntspNa elf;Fk; td;KiwahFk;.
ngz;fspd; Vo;ikiag; gad;gLj;jpAk; Mz;fs;
ghypay; td;Kiwfspy; <Lgl Kidfpd;wdh;.
nghUshjhuk; fhuzkhf FLk;gj;jiytpahdts;
ntspehL my;yJ ntspNtiyf;Fr; nry;Yifapy;
jdpj;J tplg;gl;l ngz; gps;isfs; FLk;g
mq;fj;jth;fshNyNah> cwtpdh;fshNyNah jj;jkJ
tPlb
; NyNa ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j
Fw;wk;Gwpej
; Mz;fs; jz;bf;fg;gLtJk; ,y;iy.
tPl;bDs; kl;Lkd;wp ngz;fs; ntspapYk;
ghypay; njhy;iyfSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;f NehpLfpwJ.
fle;j 2002Mk; Mz;by; 2247 ghypay; ty;YwT>
td;Gzh;Tr; rk;gtq;fs; epfo;ej
; pUg;gjhfTk; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;ljhfTk; mwpaf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpdw; J.
ghypay; ty;YwT %yk; ngz;gps;isfs; gyh;
fh; g ; g khfpaJ ftiyf; F hpa nra; j pahFk; .
fUr;rpijTfSk;> rpRf;nfhiyfSk;
eilngWtjhf Clf rhjdq; f s; %yKk; >
r%fj; j py; NeubahfTk; > mwpaf; $ bajhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ. vdNt ,th;fs; kdg;ghjpg;ig ehk;
vz;zpg;ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. jha;khh;fs;
ngz; g ps; i sfisj; jdpj; J tpLtijf;
$Lkhdtiu jtphj; J ; tpLtJ rpwe;jJ. mj;Jld;
tP l ; b y; ghypay; gyhj; f huk; nra; g th; f is
ijhpakhff; fz;bf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePjpKd; epWj;j
Ntz;Lk;. rpWth; rpWkpfisg; gyhj;fhuk; nra;Ak;
vtiuAk; gw;wp ePq;fs; Njrpa rpWth; ghJfhg;G
mjpfhurigf;F mwptpj;jhy; jFe;j eltbf;if
vLg;ghh;fs;.
NkYk; ,sk; re; j jpapdhpilNa jw; f hy
rpdpkhTk; taJf;F kPwpa mDgtk; $Wk; ghypay;
rk;ge;jg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fs; gbg;gjhYk; mjpfstpy;
ghypay; Nrl;ilfspy; Mz;fs; <Lgl xU
fhuzkhfpdw; J. vdNt ,itfisg; gbg;gijNah>
ghh;gg; ijNah fl;Lg;gLj;jp ,ad;wstpy; Gj;jpkjpfs;
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
'
ghypay; td;Kiwahy; mjpfstpy;
Jd;GWj;jYf;Fs;shtJ 10 - 16
taJf;Fl;gl;l rpWkpfs; vd;W
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ngw;Nwhh;fs;>
Mrphpah;fs;> ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs;>
Clfq;fs; %ykhfTk; mwpTiufs;
nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpspg;Gzh;T
cz;lhf;fg;gLtJ fl;lha NjitahFk;.
"
$wp nghpNahh;fs;> ngw;NwhHfs; Mz; gps;isfis
ey;topg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa tplak;
xUjha;> je;ij> nghpNahh;fs; ngz;gpsi ; sfisj;jhd;
ftdk;...... ftdk; vd;W $wpff ; tdpgg; Jk;> mjpfkhf
ntspNa nry;y mDkjp kWg;gJk;jhd;
eilngWfpd;wJ. ngz;gps;isfs; kPJ ghypay;
Nrl; i lfs; nra; t J Mz; f s; j hNd> vdNt
Mz; g ps; i sfisAk; mjpf ftdk; nrYj; j p
xOf;fj;Jld; ew;gpuirfshf tho topfhl;l
Ntz; L k; . mtdJ gof; f tof; f k; vg; g b?
ez;gh;fs;> ngz;fs; gw;wpa tplaj;jpy; mtdJ
ghh;it vg;gb? ngz;fNshL mtd; goFk; tpjk;>
vq;Nf> vt;Ntis nry;fpwhd;> vd;d nra;fpwhd;>
Nghd;w Nfs;tpfSf;F mtdplk; tpilfz;L
nfhz;L xt;nthU tPl;bypUf;Fk; Mz; ngz;
gps;isfis xt;nthU ngw;Nwhh;fSk;
md;Gfhl;LtJ Nghy fz;bg;Gk; ftdKk; fhl;b
tsh;f;fNtz;Lk;.
ngz; f s; kP j hd ghypay; ty; Y wT %yk;
ghjpf;fg;gLtJ ngz;fs; kl;Lky;y Mz;fSNk.
Vnddpy; xU ngz;Zf;Fg; gpdd ; hy; xU FLk;gKk;
,Uf;fpwJ. MZk; ngz;Zk; ghjpff ; g;gLk; NghJ
xU FLk;gk; rPhF
; iyfpwJ> FLk;gq;fs; rPhF ; iyAk;
NghJ rKjhaNk rPh;FiyfpwJ> gyFLk;gq;fs;
Nrh;j;J jhNd rKjhakhfpwJ. MfNt vJtpj
td;KiwfSk; mw;w xU xOf;fkhd ,Ughyhh;
rkj;Jtk; cs;s xU Gjpa r%fj;ij vy;NyhUk;
Nrh;e;J fl;b vOg;GNthk;. •
Nyhnf\;tup fpU\;d%Hj;jp
Fwpg;G - kpfTk; ghuhl;bg; Ngrg;gl;l fl;LiuahFk;.
23
 ghl;lh (BATA ) ghjzpfs;
(BA
Mh;gg ; hl;lj;jpy;
ngz; njhopyhsHfs;
mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; gue;Jgl;l r%f ,af;fj;jpy; kpfTk; gugug;ig Vw;gLj;jpa
ghl;lh ghjzpfs; njhopw;rhiy gzpahsh;fspd; Mh;gg; hl;l ,af;fk; 2004
Nk khjj;jpypUe;J njhlq;fpaJ. nghyprhhpd; jhf;Fjy;fs; kw;Wk; ghjzp
fsQ; r pa rhiyfs; jP i tg; G mlq; f yhd eph; t hfpfspd; je; j pukhd
topKiwf@lhf njhopyhsh;fspd; If;fpaj;ij jfh;jn ; jwpa Kaw;rp nra;jjd;
tpisthf ,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F XusT Clf mDruiz fpilj;jJ.
,g;Nghuhl;lj;jpD}lhf vkf;F cyfkakhf;fy; kw;Wk; njhopyhsh;fspd;
chpikfis eWf;Ftjw;Fkpilapy; fhzg;gLk; njhlh;ig gFj;jha;T
nra;tjw;fhd xU tha;gG; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

fpisj; j tprhsh; jpU Rdpy; n`l; b Muhr; r p

vd;gthpd; Nrit epWtdj;jhy; rl;ltpNuhjkhfTk;
mePjpahd tpjj;jpYk; KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.
mth; ghl; l h fk; g dpf; f hf toq; f g; g l; l
ciog; g pw; f hd ntFkhdj; j py; Coy; f Sk;
NkhrbfSk; ,Ug;gij ntspgg; Lj;jpaNj ,jw;fhd
fhuzkhf mike; j J. fpisj; jtprhshpd;
Nritia KbTf; F nfhz; L tUtjpypUe; J
njhopw;rq;fj;ij gytPdg;gLj;Jjy;> mr;RWj;Jjy;
kw;Wk; ,g;Nghuhl;lj;ij rPhF ; iyj;jy; epWtdj;jpd;
Fwpf; N fhs; f shftpUe; j d. ,jd; fhuzkhf
Mh; g ; g hl; l ,af; f j; j py; <Lgl; b Ue; j ghl; l h
gzpahw;njhFjpapdh; (595) [_d; khjk; 22Mk;
jpfjpapypUe;J njhlh;e;Jk; njhopw;rhiyapDs;
kwpay;Nghuhl;l NtiyepWj;jj;ij Muk;gpj;jdh;.
fk; g dpahdJ njhopw; r hiy tshfj; j pypUe; J
gzpahsh;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nfhOk;G
khtl;l ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; ngwg;gl;l jil cj;juT
kw;Wk; nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fshy; mt;tg;NghJ
,lk;ngw;w kpul;ly;fs; fhuzkhf gzpahsh;fs;
nghyp]; FOtpd; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shFk;
mth; f sJ NtiyepWj; j j; i j epWtdj; j pw; F
mkuh =kjp ntspNa njhlh;e;Jk; Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.
,t;thW NtiyepWj;jk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;Lf;

gh l;lh ghpghydrigapduhy; 146

gzpahsh; f spd; Nritia epiwT
nra;tjw;fhf njhopy; MizahsUf;F
tpzz
; g;gnkhd;iw rkh;gg; pjj; ik Nghuhl;lj;jpwf
; hd
%yhjhukhf mike;jJ. ,t;thh;g;ghl;l ,af;fk;
ntw; w pfukhf eilngw; W f; n fhz; b Uf; i fapy;
mjhtJ [_d; khjk; 21Mk; jpfjp ghl;lh fk;gdpapd;
nfhz;bUf;ifapy; mjhtJ 2004 Xf];l; khjk;
12Mk; jpfjp fy;fp];] nghyprhhpdhy; ePiu cah;
tpirAld; ntspNa gha; r ; R k; jpwd; n fhz; l
Foha;fisf; nfhz;L ePhpdhYk; kdpjhgpkhdkw;w
Kiwapy; Fz; l he; j b gpuNahfKk; nra; J
NtiyepWj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;j gzpahsh;fis
fiyj;jy;> jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; ifJnra;jy; Nghd;w

24 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;

 eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,jw;Fk; Nkyhf
md;iwajpdk; es;sputpy; ghl;lh njhopw;rhiyapd;
,uj;kyhid fl;Lgj;japy; mike;Js;s
fsQ;rparhiynahd;W jpBh; jP tpgj;jhy; KOikahf
moptile;jJ. ,e;j jtiw gzpahsh;fspy; Rkj;jp
mth; f is NkYk; ,f; f l; l hd epiyf; F
,l;Lr;nry;y vj;jdpj;jy; eph;thfpfspd; kw;WnkhU
je;jpNuhghakhf mike;jJ. ghl;lh ghjzp fk;gdpapd;
ijay; ,ae; j pu ,af; F duhf 24 Mz; L fs;
gzpahw;wptUk; jpUkjp thj;JtNf mkuh =kjp
ngNuuh vd; g th; > mth; k P J nghyprhhpdhy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kdpj ,ay;gw;w jhf;Fjy;fs;
kw; W k; Ntiy epWj; j k; njhlh; g hf vkf; F
gpd;tUkhW fUj;J njhptpj;jhh;.
vdJ ngah; thj;JtNf mkuh =kjp ngNuuh.
vdf;F ,uz;L gps;isfs; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. vdJ
fzth; ,yq;if Nghf;Ftuj;Jr;rigapy; rhujpahf
gzpahw;Wfpd;whh;. ehd; 1980Mk; Mz;by; ghl;lh
fk;gdpapy; Nritf;fhf ,izj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;Nld;.
,d; W tiu epWtdj; j pd; ijay; ,ae; j pu
,af;Fduhf gzpahw;Wfpd;Nwd;. vkf;F Vw;gl;l
mePjp fhuzkhf ghl;lh Copah;fs; njhlh;e;Jk;
NtiyepWj; j j; j py; <Lgl; l dh; . xl; L nkhj; j
gzpahsh;fspd; vz;zpfi ; fapy; mjhtJ 595 Nghpy;
200 Ngh; ngz;fshth;. 2004 Mf];l; khjk; 12Mk;
jpfjp vd; i dAk; cs; s lf; f pa Rkhh; 250Ngh;
NtiyepWj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;ldh;. ,j;njhifapy; Rkhh;
75 Ngh; ngz;fs;. mNj jpdj;jd;W ez;gfy; 12.45
kzpastpy; fy;fp];] nghyp]; epiyaj;jpypUe;J
300 - 400 ,ilg;gl;l nghyp]; FOnthd;W ehq;fs;
Ntiy epWj;jk; nra;Akplj;jpw;F te;J ,opthd
thh; j ; i jfshy; Vrpagb vq; f is fiyf; f
Kaw;rpnra;jJ. Kjypy; cah; tpirAld; jz;zi P u
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
ntspNa js;spf;$ba Fohiaf;nfhz;L Rkhh; 2
1/2 kzpj;jpahykhf ,ilapilNa jz;zPiu
vk;ikNehf;fp nrYj;jpdhh;fs;. gpd;dh; vkf;F
mth;fSf;Fkpilapy; thf;Fthjk; Vw;gl;lJ.
mjw;F gpd;dh; ghhpa ,Uk;Gj; jilfis (ghpah;)
nfhz;Lte;J vk;ik eRf;fp fPNo tpOe;jth;fs;kJ P
jhf;Fjy; elj;jpdhh;fs;. gpd;dh; jhf;fg;gl;lth;fis
[Pg; tz;bapy; Vw;wpdhh;fs;. vd;kPJ jz;zPiu
nrYj;jp Kbe;j gpd;dh; Fz;lhe;jbahy; jiyapy;
mbj;jhh;fs;. ehd; fPNo tpOe;JtplN; ld;. cah;gjtp
tfpf;fpd;w xU nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;juhNyNa ehd;
jhf;fg;gl;Nld;. gpdd
; h; vdf;F J}rdj;jhy; VrptplL ;
kP z ; L k; jiyapYk; KJfpYk; clk; g pd;
gpd;Gwj;jpYk; Fz;lhe;jbahy; mbj;J $e;jiy
gpbj;J fPNo js;spdhh;fs;. mjd; gpwF ngz; nghyp];
cj; j pNahfj; j h; xUtiu mioj; J vd; i d
mq;fpUe;J mg;Gwg;gLj;JkhW $wpdhh;fs;.
nghyp]; FOnthd;W ehq;fs; Ntiy
epWj;jk; nra;Akplj;jpw;F te;J ,opthd
thh;j;ijfshy; Vrpagb vq;fis
fiyf;f Kaw;rpnra;jJ. Kjypy; cah;
tpirAld; jz;zPiu ntspNa
js;spf;$ba Fohiaf;nfhz;L Rkhh; 2 1/2
kzpj;jpahykhf ,ilapilNa jz;zPiu
vk;ikNehf;fp nrYj;jpdhh;fs;. gpd;dh;
vkf;F mth;fSf;Fkpilapy; thf;Fthjk;
Vw;gl;lJ. mjw;F gpd;dh; ghhpa ,Uk;Gj;
jilfis (ghpah;) nfhz;Lte;J vk;ik
eRf;fp fPNo tpOe;jth;fs;kPJ jhf;Fjy;
elj;jpdhh;fs;.
me;j nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jh; vd;Dila ifia
mtUila ghjzpfshy; kpjpjJ ; tplL; ,d;DnkhU
ngz; nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jhpd; cjtpAld; vd;id
jiuapy; ,Oj;Jr;nrd;whh;. ,t;thW
,Oj; J f; n fhz; L nry; Y k; N ghJ Vw; f dNt
vd;idj;jhf;fpa nghyp]; mjpfhhp vd;id fhyhy;
cijj; j gb ‘vOe; J ele; J Ngh” vd; W
nrhy;ypfn; fhz;L vd;id jhf;fpdhh;. vd;id jiuapy;
,Oj;Jr;nrd;w ,U ngz; nghyp];
cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspy; xUth; vq;fs; Ciur;rhh;e;jth;.
ehd; mtiu milahsk; fz; L tpl; l ij
nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl gykhf jhf;fpdhh;. ,t;thW
nfhz; L nry; i fapy; vd; D ila jiyia
nfhq;fpwPw;wpy; (Concrete) Nkhjg;Nghtijf; fz;l
xU rNfhjhp Xbte;J jiyia gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;.
xU nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jh; me;j rNfhjhpiaAk;
,uz; L jilfshy; (gwpah; - Barrier) ,Wf; f p
25
jhf;fpdhh;. ,Wjpahf vd;Dila iffhy;fspy; gpbj;J te; j pUe; j gj; j phpifahsh; f is nghyp]hh;
[Pg; tz;bapDs; tPrp vwpe;J fhty; epiyaj;jpw;F ,k;irg;gLj;jpdhh;fs;.
nfhz;L nrd;whh;fs;. md;W ehd; vdJ kfs; rfpjk;
,r;rk;gtj;jpd; gpd;dUk; ehq;fs; njhlh;e;Jk;
NtiyepWj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;Njd;. vd;idj; jhf;fp
fhyp tPjp ,uj;kyhidapy; mike;Js;s rh;tNjr
,Oj;Jr;nry;Yk; tpjj;ij vdJ kfs; fz;lhs;.
tpkhd epiya re;jpapy; vkJ NtiyepWj;jj;ij
md;iwa jpdk; jhf;Fjy;fspd;NghJ mNefkhNdhh;
Kd;ndLj;Njhk;. Xf;Nlhgh; 05Mk; jpfjp Ntiy
ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. rpyUf;F ePhpd; fLikahd Ntfk;
epWj;jk; iftplg;gl;lNjhL vd;id cs;slf;fpa
fhuzkhf jbg;Gf;fs; cUthapd. ,d;Dk; rpyUf;F
31 Ngh; jtph;e;j VidNahh; Nritapy;
tpuy;fspypUe;J efq;fs; Ntwhf;fg;gl;l mNj Ntis
,izj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ldh;. vkf;F tof;F jhf;fy;
rpyUf;F KJfpYk; mbtapw;wpYk; typ Vw;gl;lJ.
nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjhfTk; mjd; jPhg;G ntspahFk;tiu
gyh; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; Kiwg;ghL nra;ahky; jdpg;gl;l
vq; f is Nriitapy; ,izj; J f; n fhs; s
Kiwapy; rpfpr;irg;ngw;W tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;whh;fs;.
Kbahnjd epWtdk; njhptpff ; pdw; J. ehq;fs; %d;W
fhty; epiyaj;jpwF ; vd;id nfhz;Lnrd;W Rkhh; Kiw eP j pkd; w j; j pw; F nrd; N whk; . tof; F
45 epkplq;fs; [Pg; tz;bapDs;NsNa tprhuizf;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;glhjjhy; jpUk;gp
itj; j pUe; J tpl; L nghyp]; itj; j parhiyf; F te;Njhk;. nghyp]hhpd; ,e;j nray; fhuzkhf vq;fs;
nfhz; L nrd; w hHfs; . [P g ; tz; b apDs; S k; 31 Nghpd; Ntiytha;gG; eprr; akw;w jd;ikapYs;sJ.
itj; j parhiyapDs; S k; vd; i d mth; f s; ehd; ,Wjpahf xd;iwr; nrhy;y tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.
kdpjhgpkhdkw; w KiwapNyNa elj; j pdhh; f s; . ghl;lh fk;gdp vdJ njhopiy ,of;fr; nra;jhy;
VidNahUf;F vd;id tpgr;rhu tpLjpapypUe;J ngz;fspd; juhjuj;ij Jr;rkhf kjpj;J ,t;thW
mioj;J te;Js;sjhf czh;jj ; Kaw;rp nra;jhh;fs;. eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F vjpuhf nray;gLtij ehd;
Vndd;why; mg;NghJ ehd; mzpe;jpUe;j Mil epWj;jg;Nghtjpy;iy.
fpopf;fg;gl;Lk; mjd; jwpfs; cilf;fg;gl;Lk; cly;
,t;thW kpfTk; nfh^ukhf kw;Wk; kdpj
eide;Jk; ,Ue;jJ. ,ijawpe;j ehd;> ehq;fs;
Neakw; w Kiwapy; njhopyhsh; chpikfis
midtUk; ghl;lh Copah;fnsd;Wk; vq;fs;kPJ
kP W tjw; F epWtdj; j pd; ghpghydrigAk;
jhf; F jy; elj; j pNa ,q; F nfhz; L te; J s; -
nghyp]hUk; ,ize;J nray;gl;l tpjj;ij
shh;fnsd;Wk; $wpf;nfhz;L nrd;Nwd;. vdf;F
fLikahf fz;bg;gNjhL xU kfsph; mikg;G
VjhtJ ghpfhuk; nra;J kPzL ; k; fhty; epiyaj;jpwF;
vd;w hPjpapy; ,q;F nghyp]hh; kpfTk; fPo;jdkhf
nfhz;L nry;tNj nghyp]hhpd; vz;zkhf ,Ue;jJ.
ngz;fis elj;jpa Kiw Fwpj;J ehq;fs; kpfTk;
Mdhy; itj; j pah; f s; vdf; F rpfpr; i raspf; f
NtjidAk; ntl; f Kkila Ntz; b As; s J.
Kbahnjd;Wk; mtru tpgj;Jg;gphptpy; vd;id
ehlbd; rl; l xOq; i fAk; mikjpiaAk;
mDkjpf; f Ntz; L nkd; W k; njhptpj; j hh; f s; .
epiyehl;l Ntz;ba nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fshy;
mg;NghJk; nghyp]hh; vd;id “vdf;F ,uz;L
epWtdj;jpw;fhf tpah;it rpe;jp ,uTgfyhf jq;fs;
gdNlhy;fs; NghJk; kUe;J Njitapy;iy” vdj;
ciog;ig toq;fpa gzpahsh;fSf;F kpfTk;
jpl;bdhh;fs;. vg;gbNah ehd; itj;jparhiyapy;
mtJ}uhd thh;j;ijfshy; jpl;b> fLikahd
mDkjpff ; g;gl;Nld;. gjpTg;Gj;jfj;jpy; nghyp]hh; ehd;
Fz;lhe;jb gpuNahfk; nra;J mth;fsJ Milfs;
fPNo tpOe;jjhfNt vOj nrhd;dhh;fs;. mg;NghJ
fisag;gLkstpw;F jiuapy; ,Oj;Jr;nrd;W
ehd; fjwpagb ehd; tpotpy;iy vd;idj;jhf;fpNa
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ifJ njhlh;ghf nghJ kf;fspd;
,q; F nfhz; L te; J s; s hh; f s; vd nrhd; N dd; .
$ba ftdk; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fspd;
,t;thW vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; ehd; mrhjhuzkhfNt
nfsutj;ijAk; mth;fsJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shj
elj;jg;gl;Nld;. ehd; nghyp]; ifJf;Fgpd;dh;
xU FOtpdh; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; ehl;bd; rl;l
itj;jparhiyapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;L kWehs;
xOq;ifAk; mikjpiaAk; vt;thW
tpLtpf;fg;gl;Nld;. fy;fp];] ePjpthd; itj;jpa
ghJfhg;ghh;fs;?
rhiyf; F te; J vdf; F gpiztoq; f g; g l; -
bUg; g jhfTk; te; J ngw; W f; n fhs; S khWk; ngz; f spd; nfsutj; i jAk; mth; f sJ
njhptpjj; hh;. gpdd
; h; vdf;F gpizapy; nry;y mDkjp Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; rhpahf czuKbahj ,e;j
fpilj;jJ. thq;fpa Fz;lhe;jbabahy; vdJ jiy nghyp]; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; ehl;bd; rl;l xOq;ifAk;
,d;dKk; typff ; pdw; J. cly; KOtJk; thpthpahf mikjpiaAk; vt;thW fl;bf;fhg;ghh;fs;? •
fz; b apUf; f pwJ. ,j; j hf; F jiy mwpf; i fapl ,urpf;fh jPghdp
26 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 ÿ>FkxD rpW

WϬÔ]BV˛≈m fij
e];hPd; ,uz;L %d;W nghpa
ntq; f haq; f is nky; y pajhf
fyhepjp. G\;gh ,uk;ydp ntl;b fz;fspypUe;J XLfpd;w
fz;zPiu jiyapypUe;J
Jz;bdhy; Jilj;jhs;.
mt;thW ntl;ba
ntq;fhaq;fis mg;ngz;
xUkpf;f rl;bapy; ,l;lNghJ
Nfl;l rj;jj;jhy; rw;W J}uj;jpy;
gioa Jzpj;Jz;by; cwq;fpa
rpWtd; jpLf;fpl;L vOe;jhd;.
mfjpfSf;fhd $g;gd; fhl;Lf;F
fpilj;j mhprp ciwapd; mbapy;
fple;j ,uz;L Nfhg;ig mhprpia
“NrJ e]; h P d ; ” gjg; g Lj; j pa
ntq;fhaj;Jld; fye;J
NrhWf;Fj; Njitahd jz;zi P u
Nrh;j;jhs;. “`aj;Jy;yh” rw;W
Neuj;jpy; rikj;Js;s Vjhtij
rhg;gpltUthh;.
mth; tUk;NghJ nfhQ;rk;
“nfghg;” (gjg;gLj;jpa nrk;kwp
Ml;biwr;rp my;yJ
Ml;biwr;rp) nfhz;Lte;jhy;
ey;yk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ntWkNd
NrhWjhd;. “`aj;Jy;yh” ,d;W
mtuJ fhhpaj; j pd; epkpj; j k;
khiyg;nghOjpNy Gwg;gl
Ntz;bAs;sJ. New;iwa ehSk;
mtUf;F tUkhdk; ngwf;$ba
nghUnyhd;iw ,lkhw;wk; nra;a
KbahJNghdJ. rpfnul;
ngl;bfs; rpytw;iwAk; ,uz;L

m fjpKfhk; mikjp ,y; y hjJ. grpapdhy; mOfpd; w

rpd;dQ;rpWRfs;> ghz; Jz;Lf;F...... tpRf;Nfhj;Jf;F
rz;ilgpbf;Fk; rpWRfs;> rj;jkpl;Lf;nfhz;L tpisahLfpd;w
%d;W fQ;rh (Nghijg;nghUs;)
fl;Lf;fisAk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
Mg; f hdp]; j hd; ghfp]; j hd;
rpWRfs;....... jha;khh;fSf;F ,th;fis mikjpgg; Lj;j NeuNkh fhyNkh vy; i yg; g FjpapYs; s tpahghu
fpilahJ. fQ;rp rikf;f> NrhW rikf;f> Jzp Jitf;f> jz;zhP ; Kjyhspkhh; ,Uf;Fk;
nfhz; L tu....... jiyf; F NkYs; s Ntiyg; g S fhuzkhf filj; n jUTf; F nry; t J
Foe;ijfSf;F epidj;jgb Mbg;ghl tha;g;Gf;fpilj;Js;sJ. `aj;Jy;yhitg; nghWj;jt-

2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy; 27

iuapy; ,yFthd fhhpak;. Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bfs;> nrhw; f s; e]; h pd; epidtpypUe; J ,d; D k;
ijay; ,ae; j puq; f s; > kpjptz; b fs; Nghd; w kiwe;JNghftpy;iy.
nghUl; f is Rke; J nry; y `aj; J y; y htpd; u\;ah;fSf;F gpdd
; hy; K[h`pjdP f
; s;..... u\;ah;fs;
iffSk; NjhSk; typikAilad. New;iwa ehs; me;epah;fs;.... K[h`pjPd;fs;.... vq;fs; K];ypk;
n f h z ; L t e ; j r p f u l ; n g l ; b f s p y p U e ; J rNfhjuh;fs;... mth;fNs mth;fSf;F vjpuhf....
jpUbf;nfhz;l rpfnul; gf;fw;Wf;fs; rpytw;iw rNfhjuh;fSf;F vjpuhf rNfhjuh;fs;..... mtkhdk;....
tpwW
; f;nfhs;tjw;F `aj;Jy;yh ,d;W filtPjpfF ; GJikahd mjpfhu Nguhir.... mjd; g pd;
nrd;wpUe;jhh;. nfhz;Lte;jij tpw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; jspghdpah;fs;.... nghy;yhjth;fs;..... mth;fs; ehq;fs;
Rlr;Rl %d;W my;yJ ehd;F “ehd;” (Nwh];ghz;) ghlrhiy nry;tij jLj;jhh;fs;. jiyapypUe;J
Jz; L fSld; “nfghg; ” nfhQ; r Kk; kjpa ghjk; tiu %bf; n fhz; L
Mfhuj;jpw;fhf nfhz;LtUthh;. ,Uf;Fk;gb fl;lisapll ; hh;fs;.....
“e];hPd; ” mOJnfhz;bUe;j u\;ah;fSf;F gpd;dhy; e];hpd; vOfpd;w rpe;jidfshy;
ghyfid ifapy; Ve;jp jpwe;j K[h`pjPdf ; s;..... jsk;Gk; kdij
mtdJ thapDs; jdJ u\;ah;fs; me;epah;fs;..... epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Kiyf; f hk; i g Eisj; j hs; . K[h`pjPdf ; s;....... jhyhl;Lg;ghl;nlhd;iw ,irj;jhs;.
mjpy; jha;gg; hy; ,y;iynad;gij vq;fs; K];ypk; Foe;ij kPz;Lk; fz;J}q;fpaJ.
czh;e;Jk; ghyfdpd; grpia rNfhjuh;fs;..... gioa Nghh;it Jz;by;
Nghf;Ftjw;fhd khw;Wtopfs; mth;fSf;F vjpuhf Foe;ijia gLf;fr;nra;j
mg;ngz;zplk; fhzg;gltpyi ; y. mth;fs; rNfhjuh;fSf;F
me;jg;ngz; Nrhw;iw Johtpdhs;.
vjpuhf rNfhjuh;fs;.....
mhprp> vz;nza;> ntq;fhak;> nghpa mtkhdk;..... u\;ah;fSf;F gpd;dhy;
fpoq; F Nghd; w it kl; L Nk GJikahd mjpfhu K[h`pjPd;fs;.....
rYif tpiyapy; Nguhir...
toq;fg;gl;lNjhL ghy;kh u\;ah;fs; me;epah;fs;.....
mjd;gpd;
xUehNsDk; rYif tpiyapy; jspghdpah;fs;........ K[h`pjP d ; f s; . ...... vq; f s;
toq;ftpyi ; y. Foe;ijfSf;fhf nghy;yhjth;fs;....... K];ypk;
toq;fg;gLk; ghy;khit mtw;iw mth;fs; ehq;fs; rNfhjuh;fs;.....
tpepNahfpf; F k; ghfp]; j hd; ghlrhiy nry;tij mth;fSf;F vjpuhf mth;fs;
cj; j pNahfj; j h; f s; tP L fSf; F jLj;jhh;fs;........ rNfhjuh;fSf;F
nfhz;L nry;tjhf jiyapypUe;J
ghjk;tiu vjpuhf rNfhjuh;fs;..... nghpa
fl; L f; f ijfs; %yk; Nfl; f
%bf;nfhz;L mtkhdk;.....
Kbe; j J. “my; y h cj; j hyh
mth;fis fhg;ghw;Wthuhf. ghy;kh ,Uf;Fk;gb GJikahd mjpfhu Nguhir......
toq;fhtpl;lhYk; mhprp> fl;l isapl; l hh;
f s;
. ..... mjd;gpd; jspghdpah;fs;........
vz;nza;> ntq;fhak; nghy;yhjth;fs;.......
Nghd;wtw;iwahtJ nfhLf;fpd;-whh;fsy;yth....” mth; f s; ehq; f s; ghlrhiy nry; t ij
e];hPd; mth;fis MrPh;tjpj;jhh;. jLj;jhh;fs;........
“e]; h P d ; ” XusT tpsq; f pf; - nfhs; s f; $ ba jiyapypUe; J ghjk; t iu %bf; n fhz; L
guhaj;jpypUe;Nj Fz;Lr;rj;jk; Jg;ghf;fp uitfspd; ,Uf;Fk;gb fl;lisapl;lhh;fs;......
rj;jk; Nghh; jtphe; j
; mikjpr# ; oypy; xU ehNsDk;
mg; N ghJ `aj; J y; y h Jzpahy; Rw; w pa
trpf; f tpy; i y. u\; a h gilfs; Nghhpl; L
jpd; g z; l j; i j fj; f j; j py; itj; j gb tP l ; b y;
Mg; f hdp]; j hid ifg; g w; w pa fhyg; g Fjpapy;
Eise; j hh; . mtUila Kfj; j py; Gd; d if
mq; F kpq; F k; Xbj; j phpe; j rpWkpjhd; e]; h P d ; .
kyh;e;jpUe;jJ. me;j Gd;diff;F VjhtnjhU
nfhq; N fhtpd; ftr thfdq; f spd; rj; j j; j hy;
mh;j;jk; ,Uf;Fnkd e];hpd; epidj;jhs;.
me;jr;rpWkpapd; jha; gps;isfs; vy;NyhiuAk;
kz;tPl;bDs; itf;f Kaw;rpnra;thh;. rJutbtpyhd nkOFr;rPiyia (,wg;gh; rPl;)
epyj;jpy; tphpjj
; e];hpd; rikj;j Nrhw;iw #l;NlhL
ghy; thrid thiatpl;L ePq;fhj rpd;dQ;rpW
nfhz; L te; J mjpy; itj; j hs; . `aj; J y; y h
gps; i s mts; guthapy; i y..... mth; f sJ
nfhz;Lte;j ehd;> nfghg; kw;Wk; nghhpj;jfpoq;Fj;
kpUfj;jdj;ij rkhspf;f...r;rp.... ehpfs;...... me;j
Jz;Lfs; (rpg;];) vd;gtw;iw nkOFrPiykPJ
28 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
 itf;ifapy; e];hpd; kjpa cztpd; nghUl;L
Foe;ijia mioj;jhs;. e];hpd; Nfhg;igapy; ,l;l
Nrhw;iw `aj;Jy;yh vjphpy; itj;Jtpl;L vQ;rpa
nghjpia tphpj;jhs;. iffs; fOthkNyNa mth;fs;
cztUe;j njhlq;fpdhh;fs;.
“e f p . . . . e h i s f ; f p v d f ; n f h U N t y
je;jpUf;fpwhq;f. ey;y fhR fpilf;Fk; NghdKw
Nghy”
“vd;dj;Njd; th...... Ng\hUf;F fQ;rh vj;jNth?”
“,y;y... ,y;y...... Iap];ngl;b....” `aj;Jy;yh
irif nra;jhh;.
“if Ntyf;fp jhUk; XDNkh?”
“ifNtyf;fp MnsLj;jh mtDf;F xU gq;F
NghFkypNad; mjhy ehd; nrhd;Ndd; vdf;F
VYnkd;W”
“cq;f tpUg;gk;... vdf;Fj; njhpah..?”
“mg; g bnaz; l h ,e; j Fbirf; F gjpyh
kz;tPnlhz;L fl;l njhlq;fyhk;”
“,d;\h my;yh`;.... ghg;Nghk; ghg;Nghk;.....” e];hpd;
`aj;Jy;yh vjphpy; NjdPh; Nfhg;igia itj;jhs;.
mjpfhiy Rkhh; ehd;F kzpastpy; `aj;Jy;yh
tPl;bypUe;J ntspNawpdhh;. `aj;Jy;yh nrd;wgpd;
e];hpd; kPz;Lk; Foe;ijaUfpy; gLj;Jwq;fpdhs;.
Nfhilf;fhynkd;gjhy; Fsph; ,y;iy. ,d;W mfjp
KfhkpYs; s gps; i sfSf; F my; F h; M d; >
vOj;jwptpf;Fk; ehs; e];hpd; thuj;jpy; %d;W
jpdq;fs; KfhkpYs;s gpsi ; sfis Nrh;jJ ; fijfs;>
ghl;L kw;Wk; vOj thrpf;f fw;gpj;jhs;. Nghhpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l mth;fSf;F gy tUlq;fshf chpa
fy;tp tha;gG; fpilf;ftpyi; y. vOj;jwpT fy;tpawpT
vd;NwhnthUehs; njhopy; xd;W ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
ifnfhLf;Fk;.
“g p ] ; k p y ; y h u`;khd ,h;u`Pk;
my;`k;Jy;ypy;yh`;”
gps; i sfs; rka Muhjid fw; f pd; w dh; .
,d;ndhU ,lj;jpy; e];hpd; kzypy; vOj;Jf;fis
vOjp gps;isfSf;F vOj;njOj
fw;Wf;nfhLf;fpdw; hs;. NtnwhU ,lj;jpy; %f;Fr;rsp
tbe;jgb rpWth;fs; fpuhkj;J tpisahl;by;
<Lgl;Ls;sdh;.
“e];hpd; [hd;.... e];hpd; [hd;....”
,uz;L %d;W ,sQ; rpwhh;fs; rj;jkpl;l
tz;zk; jpBnud e];hpd; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpw;F
te;jdh;.
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
“vd; d .... vd; d .... cq; f Sf; F fQ; r h
Njitg;gLfpwjh?”
“e];hpd; [hd;...... ey;y Ntiy......”
“vd;d vd;d..... RUf;fh nry;Yq;f”
“`ahj;ehdh...... `ahj;ehdh.....”
“`ahj;Jf;F vd;d ele;jJ....”
“ehdh ngl;bAld; tOf;fp kiyapypUe;J fPNo
tpOe;Jl;lhh;.....
xUif clQ;rp...... xNu nuj;jk;......”
“,g;g mth; vq;f.....”
mOif mlf;Ffpd;whs; e];hpd;
“nrQ;rpYitr;rq;f M];gj;jphpapy”;
“ePq;fs; vd;Dld; Nghf thwPq;fsh.... ,q;Nf
ahuhtJ xU Ms; epyY ; q;f nfhQ;rj;Jf;F t`Plh
rhr;rpia tu nrhy;Yq;f.....”
vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij rpe;jpf;f
e];hpDf;F njhpahJ. jiyapypUe;J ghjk;tiu
Gh; f ; f h Milahy; %bf; n fhz; l e]; h pd;
nrQ;rpYit rq;f epiyaj;jpw;F Gwg;gl;lhs;.
kiyfs; eilghijfs; topNa jpUl;Lj;jdkhf
nghUl; f is nfhz; L nry; Y k; njhopypy;
<Lgl;Ls;s mNef Mg;fhdp]j ; hdpah;fSf;F ,e;j
Co;tpid cz;nld;gij e];hpd; mwpe;jpUe;jhh;.
vdpDk; ,J jtpu NtW njhopypy;iy. ngha;
NgRjy; jpULjy; mth;fSf;F rhjhuz tplak;.
Nghh; kuzk; mijtpl gaq;fukhdjhifapy;
fsthf nghUl;fis nfhz;Lnry;yy; ngha;
NgRjy;> jpULjiy Fw;wkhf mth;fs; xUNghJk;
rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. Fw;wk;..... rl;lk;..... ,itgw;wp
mth; f Sf; F s; xd; W Nk njhpahJ. Aj; j k;
fhuzkhf mfjp KfhKf; F k; mq; f pUe; J
<uhDf;F my;yJ ghfp];jhDf;F khWtJ gw;wp
mth;fs; mwpe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. Aj;jk; fhuzkhf
mth; f sJ kidtpah; rNfhjhpfs; ,uhZt
tPuh;fshy; fw;gopf;fg;gl;likAk; fw;gopf;fg;glT-
s;sijAk; jq;fSila kidtpaUf;F NtW
egh;fsJ gps;isfs; ,Ug;gijAk; mwpthh;fs;.
fzth;fs; rpiwr;rhiyfspy; my;yJ Aj;jj;jpw;F
nrd;wgpd; gps;isfspd; tapw;Wg;grpia Nghf;f
NtWtopapyi ; y. `aj;Jy;yhtpd; if toikf;F
jpUk;Gk;tiu mtiu ftdpf;f gps;isfis
ftdpf;f ahhpd; Jizia ehLtnjd e];hpd;
xUfzk; rpe;jpj;jhs;.
“my;yh`; vq;fis fhj;Jf;nfhs;thuhf” •
29
 , e;jpa Flhehl;bd;

Lonely Planet
njd;fpof;F jpirapy;
kzpg;g+h; khepyk;
mike;Js;sJ. mrhk;>
Nkfyha;> kpNrhuhk;> ehfhye;J>
jphpg;Guh> mUzhr;ryk; Mfpa
khepyq;fSld; kzpg;g+h;
khepyj;ijAk; Nrh;f;Fk;NghJ
,e;j VO khepyq;fSk;
rpwpaNjhh; epyg;gug;gpy; ,e;jpa
ehl;Lld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUg;-
gijf; fhzyhk;. Njhw;wk;
maniput Map
fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; tuyhW
Mfpatw;iw Nehf;Fkplj;J
,t;NtO khepyq;fspYk;
and
trpf;fpd;w kf;fs; tlfpof;F
MrpahTld; kpfTk;
neUf;fkhd njhlh;Gfs; PHOTO
itj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. g+l;lhd;>
gh;kh> tq;fhsNjrk; kw;Wk;
rPdh cldhd ,e;jpa ehl;bd;
vy;iyfSf;fUfpy;
mike;Js;s
,k;khepyq;fSf;Fk;
,e;jpahtpw;Fkpilapyhd
njhlh;Gfs; ePz;l kw;Wk;
Kuz;ghLld; $ba
tuyhw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
,k;khepyq;fis ,e;jpa
FbauR gyte;jkhfTk; kzpgg; +h; khepyj;jpy;
Nkwh gapgpfs;
je;jpukhfTk; ,izj;Jf;
nfhz;Ls;sjhf njhptpf;Fk;
kf;fs; me;j fiw gbe;j
tuyhw;iw gpujpgypf;Fk;
Kfkhf xt;nthU
khepyj;jpYk; ,d;Wk; Rje;jpuk;
fpsh;r;rpfSk; njhlh;e;jtz;zk; kf;fspd; Rje;jpu Nghuhl;lq;fs;
kw;Wk; jd;dhl;rp mjpfhuj;jpd;
,Ue;jd. 1904Mk; Mz;L Kjypy; gphpj;jhdpahtpw;F
nghUl;L td;KiwfspYk;
muprp thpf;F vjpuhf vjpuhfTk; gpd;dh; ,e;jpa
mikjpahd Nghuhl;lq;fspYk;
ngz;fspd; vOr;rp> 1913Mk; muRf;nfjpuhfTk;
<Lgl;L tUfpd;wdh;.
Mz;L epUthf elj;jg;gl;ld.
gphpj;jhdpa fhyzpj;Jt Kiwf;nfjpuhd vOr;rp>
,t;thwhd kf;fs;
Ml;rpapd; fPo; ,e;jpah ,Ue;j 1927 - 1932Mk; Mz;L tiu
Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspy; kzpg;g+h;
fhyg;gFjpapy; mth;fSila rPyd;FNwhf; ehdhkhh;fspd;
khepy ngz;fspd; jPh;f;fkhd
epUthf ,ae;jpuj;jpw;nfjpuhf vOr;rp> 1939Mk; Mz;L
gq;F tuyhWfspy; tpNrlkhf
kzpg;g+h; khepyj;jpy; Egpyd; NgnuOr;rp
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1904,y;
nghJkf;fs; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fSk; Nghd;wtw;wpD}lhf ,k;khepy

30 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;

 mhprp thpf;F vjpuhf elhj;jg;gl;l Nghuhl;lk;
ngz;fspd; Aj;jnkd ,d;Wk; th;zpf;fg;gLtJ
,jw;F cj;juthjk; mspg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ.
kzpg;g+h; khepyj;jpy; trpf;Fk; gy;NtW
Fyq;fisr; rhh;e;j FOf;fspy; Nkj;ij> Ff;fp>
ehfh Nghd;w ,dj;jth;fspy; Nkl;L epyj;jpy;
trpf;fpd;w kzpg;g+h; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd
Nkj;ij Fyj;ijr; rhh;e;j ngz;fshy; 1975Mk;
Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;l kJ xopg;G ,af;fk;
‘Nkwh gapgp” (Meira Paibi) vd;w ngah;ngw;wJ.
kJghdk; tpw;gid nra;fpd;w> mUe;Jfpd;w
egh;fsplkpUe;J ,uT Ntisfspy; jq;fs;
fpuhkq;fs; kw;Wk; Gw; efh; gFjpfis
ghJfhf;Fk; Kfkhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
,t;tpaf;fk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; fpsh;r;rp> gphptpidthj
FOf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kzpg;g+Uf;F
te;j ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpw;nfjpuhf nray;gl;lJ.
Vw;fdNt Ngrp itf;fg;gl;l iriffs; gpufhuk;
jfty;fis ghpkhwpf;nfhz;l ngz;fs;
,de;njhpahj egnuhUth; my;yJ thfdk;
mth;fSila tPLfSf;fUfpy; te;jtplj;J
fjT epiyia ifapy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
tPl;bypUe;J ntspNawp Mh;g;ghl;lk; nra;J
te;jth;fis tpul;babg;gij Kiwikahff;
nfhz;bUe;jdh;. ,t;thW ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpd;
‘MAjk; jhq;fpa gilapd; tpNrl jj;Jtq;fs;”
rl;l%yj;jpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w kdpj
chpikkPwy;fs;> NkhrbfSf;nfjpuhf kzpg;g+hpy;
vjph;g;igj; njhptpf;f Kd;te;jth;fspy; ‘Nkwh
gapgp” ,af;fj;jth;fs; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wp
tfpf;fpd;wdh;;. taJ> rKjha juhjuk;
Nghd;wtw;iw kwe;J kzpg;g+h; Nkl;Lepyj;jpy;
trpf;Fk; midj;J ngz;fSk; ,f;FOtpy;
mlq;Fth;. ‘Nkfyh” vdg;gLk; Nwhrh epw
Nkwh gágpfs; Coyhz ,uhZtj;jpw;F vjpuhf jkJ
epHthzj;ij XH MAjkhf gad;gLj;jpdH
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
rl;ilAk; ‘rhjh;” vdg;gLk; rhy;itAk; mzpe;j
ngz;fs; midj;J kf;fs; Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspYk;
Kd;NdhbfshftpUe;j mNjrkak; r%fj;jpy;
mth;fs; epiwNtw;Wk; ghhpa gq;F fhuzkhf
1980Mk; Mz;LfspypUe;J mth;fs; $Ljyhf
,uhZtj;jpdh; mjpfhhpfs; mj;NjhL
fpsh;r;rpahsh;fsplk; Nguk;NgRgth;fshfTk;
fye;JiuahLgth;fshfTk; khwpAs;sdh;;. mrhk;
uapg;gpy;]; vd;wiof;fg;gLk; ,e;jpa ,uhZt
gphptpd; kzpg;g+h; jiyikafk; mike;Js;s
,k;`hy; efu fd;q;yh EisthapYf;F
mUfhikapy; 2004 [_iy khjk; 15Mk; jpfjp
14 Nkwh gapgpfs; Nkw;nfhz;l eph;thz
Mh;g;ghl;lk; mth;fSila nraw;ghl;il
cah;kl;lk;tiu ,l;Lr;nry;y tYthd rhd;whf
mike;jJ.
2004 [{iy khjk; 11Mk; jpfjp mjpfhiy
fpof;F ,k;fhy; khtl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;s
mtuJ tPl;bypUe;J 32 taJila
ngz;nzhUth; mrhk; uapg;gpy;];
FOitr;Nrh;e;j rpyuhy; ifJnra;ag;gl;L>
md;W khiy tijf;fg;gl;L Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;l
mg;ngz;zpd; cly; mtUila tPl;bypUe;J
Rkhh; 4 fpNyhkPw;wh; njhiytpYs;s
ngUe;njUNthuj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;bUe;jikNa
,e;j eph;thz Mh;g;ghl;lj;Jf;F fhuzkhdJ.
jq;f[k; kNdhukh vd;w ngaUila
,g;ngz;iz mth; cwq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j
fl;bypypUe;J fPNO js;sp gpd;dh; tPl;bypUe;J
ntspNa nfhz;Lnrd;W Rkhh; ,uz;L
kzpj;jpahyq;fs; jhf;fp mtiu tijj;Js;sjhf
mg;ngz;zpd; FLk;gj;jth;fs;
rhl;rpakspj;Js;sdh;. me;jg;ngz;zpd; clk;G
KOtJk; ntl;Lf;fhaq;fSk; rpuha;g;G
fhaq;fSk; ,Ue;jjhf kuzghpNrhjid
mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nahdp kw;Wk;
kythapy; gFjpfspy; Jg;ghf;fpahy; Rlg;gl;l
milahsq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. kNdhukhTf;Fg;
gjpyhf rhl;rpaspj;jthpd; fUj;J ghypay;
rpj;jputijf;Fl;gl;lij kiwg;gjw;fhfNt
,t;thW elj;jg;gl;Ls;snjd;gjhFk;.
vdpDk; ,uhZtj;jpdh; mth;
jilnra;ag;gl;l kf;fs; tpLjiy ,uhZtj;jpd;
xU cWg;gpdnud;Wk; jg;gpr;nry;y Kaw;rp
nra;jNghJ Jg;ghf;fp #l;Lf;F ,yf;fhdjhfTk;
njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.
31
 vdpDk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; tuk;G kPwpa
mjpfhuq;fis ifapnyLj;Jf;nfhz;L kzpg;g+h;
kf;fspd; kdpj chpikfis kPWtjhf
,r;rk;gtKk; ,jw;F Kd;dh; eilngw;Ws;s
rk;gtq;fSk; rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd. ve;jnthU
ehl;bYk; muRf;Fk; MAjk; jhq;fpa
FOf;fSf;Fkpilapy; Kuz;ghLfs; epyTk;
re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,t;thwhd rk;gtq;fs;
eilngWtJ ,ay;G. ,yq;ifapYk;
,t;thwhd rk;gtq;fs; elg;gij ehkwpNthk;.
kdpj chpikfs; kPwg;gLjy;> ghypay;
Jd;GWj;jy; eltbf;iffs; kl;Lky;yhJ
mePjpf;F vjpuhd ngz;fspd; nraw;ghL
fhuzkhfTk; ,q;F kzpg;g+h; ngz;fspd;
mDgtq;fs; vkJ mDgtq;fSld;
xj;jpUf;fpd;wd. kzpg;g+h; khepyj;jpy; ngz;fs;
jkf;F fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fpd;w Mzhjpf;fthj
r%f jilfis kPwp ,uhZt
mlf;FKiwia vjph;j;J epd;W mth;fsJ
FLk;gj;jpYs;s Mz;fis ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;
jkJ ,dj;jpd; mgpyhirfis
ntd;nwLg;gjw;Fk; mzpjpuz;bUj;jy;
vk;kidtUf;Fk; Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfTk;
rthyhfTk; cs;sJ. jkJ Nfhj;jpuj;jpdJk;
Vida Nfhj;jpuq;fspd; fpsh;r;rpahsh;fsplKk;
,uhZt mjpfhhpfsplKk; Nguk;NgRjy; kw;Wk;
,uhZtj;jpd; muh[fj;jpw;nfjpuhf jkJ
Milfis fise;J Mzhjpf;fthj MAjk;
jhpj;j mikg;ig ,opTgLj;Jtjpy; Nkwh
gapgpfs; ntw;wpfz;lhh;fs;. mth;fsJ
xl;Lnkhj;j rKjhaKk; kWkyh;r;rp
ngWfpd;wJ. Mh;g;ghl;lq;fspd;NghJ
,uhZtj;jpdhplk; Nguk;NgRtjpy; Nkwh gapgpfs;
vg;NghJk; Kd;dzpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. vdpDk;
Nghuhl;lk; njhlh;ghf mjd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;
kw;Wk; vjph;fhy jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jPh;khdq;fis
vl;Lk; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kzpg;g+h; fpsh;r;rpahsh;fs;
Nkwh gapgp;fSf;F chpa ,lj;ij
toq;fhjpUg;gJ njl;lj;njspthfTs;sJ.
,e;jpahtpw;F kl;Lkd;wp KO cyfj;jpw;Fk;
ngz;fs; tPuKs;sth;fnsd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; kzpg;g+h; kf;fspd; typikia
milahsj;jpd; rf;jpapypUe;J cz;ikahd
murpay; rf;jptiu tsh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk;
rthYf;F mth;fs; ,d;W Kfk;
nfhLj;Js;sdh;. •
Rdpyh mNgNrfu

32 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;


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x U kdpjDf;F mtd; gpwe;j Ch;> tPL
thry; kw;Wk; Mjdq;fs; mtidtpl;Lg;
gphptnjd;gJ Ntjidf;FhpaJ. mjpYk; ehl;bDs;
Vw;gLfpdw; cs; Kuz;ghLfs; MAjg;Nghuhl;lq;fs;
fhuzkhf jha;ehl;iltpl;L ntspNawNtz;ba
ephg; g; e;jj;jpwF
; MshFjy; mijtpl rpff
; yhdnjhU
kdpj mtyk; vdyhk;. tho;it Njbr;nrd;w
vk; k f; f s; njhFjpapdUf; F 'mfjpfs; ' vd; w
jiytpjp eph;zapf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mfjpfs; vd;Nghh; ahth;? nghJthf eilngWk;
td;Kiwfs;> nraw;ghLfs;> me;epa Mf;fpukpgG; f;fs;>
cs;ehl;L neUf;fbfs;> ghhpa mstpy; kdpj
chpikfs; kP w g; g Ljy; fhuzkhf my; y J
nghJkf;fspd; rPtpaj;jpw;F fLikahf gq;fk;
tpistpf;Fk; NtW fhuzpfs; fhuzkhf jkJ
tho;Tf;F> ghJfhg;gpw;F my;yJ Rje;jpuj;jpw;F
mr; R Wj; j y; tpLf; f g; g Ltij fhuzq; f hl; b
jha;ehl;iltpl;L ntspNaWgth;fs; mfjpfshth;.
1950fspypUe; J 1996 tiuf; F k; gyjug; g l; l
re; j h; g ; g q; f spy; ,yq; i fapy; cUthf; f g; g l; l
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Aj;jj;jpw;F ,l;Lr;nrd;wikahy; ftdpf;fj;jf;f
ngUe;jpushNdhh; jj;jkJ tho;tpd; ghJfhg;igj;Njb
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
uru-Utumpala
Kur
Jayanthi Kur u-Utumpala
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fly;fle;J nrd;whh;fs;. ,t;thW ntspNawpa
,yq;ifah;fspy; xU gFjpapdh; INuhg;gpa ehLfspy;
tho; e ; J tUk; mNjNtis ngUk; g hyhNdhh;
,e;jpahtpy; mfjpfshf trpf;fpd;wdh;. mNjNghd;W
15 - 20 Mz;Lfhykhf epytpa Aj;jj;jpd; jhf;fj;jhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L cs;ehl;bNy ,lk;ngah;e;j tlf;F
fpof; F khfhzq; f spy; trpj; j th; f s; kw; W k;
Njhl;lg;gFjp kf;fSk; ,jpy; mlq;Fth;.
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(140>000) mfjpfs; trpj; J tUk; jkpo; ehL
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trpf; F k; 116 mfjpKfhk; f s; kj; j pa murpd;
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mike; J s; s xg; g h; mikg; G (OfERR -
Organization for Eelam Refugee Rehabilitation)
mk;Kfhk;fSf;fhd mbj;jstikg;G trjpfisAk;
gy;NtW Ntiyj;jpll ; q;fisAk; mKy;gLj;jp mq;F
trpg; g th; f spd; Nrkeyid fUj; j py; n fhz; L
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gzpf;FOtpy; ,ize;J nray;gLk; mNjNtis
mfjpfshf nrd; w th; f Ns OfERR mikg; G
33
 OfERR mikg; g pd; eltbf; i ffs; kw; W k;
mth;fNs jahhpj;j jw;fhyj;J jpiug;glq;fs; gy
vkJ mwpit tpUj;jpbra;a cjtpd. OfERR
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ehq;fs; tp[ak; Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk;. mjpy; gy;tifahd
gotiffs;> gaph;fs;> kpUftsh;g;G> jhdpaq;fs;
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; mjp$ba GNuhl;Bd;
mlq;fpa 'ghrp' (High Protein Moss) vd;gd cw;gj;jp
nra; a g; g Lfpd; w d. ,J Kfhk; f spy; trpf; F k;
fh;g;gpzpj; jha;khh;fs;> Foe;ijfspd;
Fiwt+l; l j; j pw; F rpwe; j xU kUe; j hFk; .
gz; i zapy; Ntiynra; t jhy; ngwg; g Lk;
mDgtq;fs; vd;Nwh xU ehs; mth;fs; jha;ehL
jpUk;gpaJk; mJ kpfr;rpwe;j njhopw;gapw;rpahf
mikayhnkd OfERR mikg; G ek; g pf; i f
ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
vq;fs; FOthdJ 18 NgUf;F
uru-Utumpala
u-Utumpala

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jikahy; gy FOf;fshfg;
gphpe;J gy Kfhk;fis ghh;itapl;Nlhk;. 5 Ngh;
cs;slf;fpa vq;fs; FO nrd;id khefhpypUe;J
Kur
Jayanthi Kur

Rkhh; %d;wiu kzpj;jpahy gpuahzj;jpd; gpd;

ghz;br;Nrhp vdg;gLk; fpuhkj;jpw;F mUfhikapy;
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,yq;if mfjpfs; kw;Wk; OfERR mikg;gpd;
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tho;eJ ; tUk; mNjNtis $ypNtiy mth;fsJ
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kw;Wk; mth;fSila chpikfis ntd;nwLj;jy;
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uru-Utumpala
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topfhl;Ly;> fzdp ghlnewpfs; mlq;fyhd NkYk;

rpy njhopy;rhh; gapw;rpfisAk; OfERR mikg;G
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mikg;gpd; eltbf;iffis Ma;Tnra;tjw;fhf
mt;tikg;G mike;Js;s ,lj;jpwF ; r;nrd;wJ. xU
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tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ. rpy tuNtw;G fPjq;fis
,irj;J vq;fis md;NghL tuNtw;w mth;fs;
vk;kpy; fhl;ba md;Gk; tpUe;Njhk;gYk; vd;Wk;
vq;fis tpl;L ePq;fhjit. jkpo;ehL khepyj;jpYk;
Vida khepyq;fis mz;ba gFjpfspYk; gue;J mjp$ba GNuhl;Bd; mlq;fpa 'ghrp" cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;
trpf;Fk; ,yq;if mfjpfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;> Kiwia MtSld; mwpe;Jf;nfhs;Sk; FO

34 2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;

 nry;yg;gpuhzpfs; vdf;fUjpNa tsh;f;fpd;whh;fs;.
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Kfhk;fs; ,Ue;jNghJk; ,yq;ifapy; Nghd;W xNu
Kfhkpy; mjpf vz;zpfi ; fahd mfjpfs; trpgg; ij
fhzKbatpy;iy. KfhkpDs; FbePh; trjpfs;>
Rj;jk;> Rfhjhu epiy cah;kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gL-
fpd;wJ. rhjhuz tho;f;ifthOk; mth;fs; ve;j
Neuj; j pYk; VjhtnjhU njhopypy; <Lgl; L
Nkyjpfkhf gzj;ij rk;ghjpjJ; ,yq;iff;F te;J
mth;fspd; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fisAk;
cwtpdh;fisAk; fhz Jbg;Gld; ,Uf;fpdw; hh;fs;.
uru-Utumpala
u-Utumpala
Kur
Jayanthi Kur
fPo;g;gLgl;L Kfhkpd; ,sk; ngz;fs; jkJ
mDgtq;fis vk;Kld; gfpuy;
ehq;fs; ,yq;ifapypUe;J mq;F nrd;wpUg;gij
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Fryk; tprhhpf;f Muk;gpj;jNjhL KfhkpypUe;j
,isNahh; mth;fspdg; hy; vq;fSila KOikahd
ftdj;ij <h;f;f gpuaj;jdk; nra;jij
fhzKbe;jJ. mth;fspy; gyh; cah; fy;tpfw;Ws;s
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itj;jpah;fs;> fzf;fhsh;fs; mj;NjhL gpugy
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mq;fpUe;jdh;. mth;fs; ngUk;ghYk; $ypNtiy
nra;NjDk; FLk;gj;jpy; xUtiu mwpthspahf;f
Kaw;rpnra;fpwhh;fs;. 'mfjp ' vd;w epiyapypUe;J
tpLgl;L jq;fSf;nfd;nwhU ,Ug;ig mikj;J
gPjp ,y;yhj ghJfhg;ghd tho;it tho;tNj
mth;fspd; xNu Fwpf;NfhshfTs;sJ. jw;NghJ
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'mfjpfs;' vd gjpTnra;Js;s ,th;fSf;F gpu[h
chpik njhlh;gpy; cWjpahd milahsk; ,y;yhj
jd;ik epyTfpd;wJ.
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
,e; j pa murpd; mDruizAk; rfhaKk;
mth;fSk; NgUjtpahf cs;sJ.
khjj;jpw;nfhUKiw Njitahd cyh; czTg;
nghUl;fs;> muprp kw;Wk; Vida nghUSjtp
trjpfis toq;fp rpwg;ghd gzpia
epiwNtw;Wfpd;wJ. jkJ ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspy;
tul;rp> nts;sg;ngUf;F epyeLf;fk; Nghd;w ,aw;if
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ehl;by; gpwthj ,yq;if mfjpfis ghugl;rkhf
topelj;jhky; cjTfuk; ePll ; Kd;te;Js;s ,e;jpa
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jha;ehL jpUk;gpdhYk; ,e;jpa murhq;fj;jpw;F
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murplk; Nfl;L epw;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; NkYk; rpy
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ngUk;ghyhdit ,e;ehl;L muR kw;Wk; murpay;
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mfjpfspd; fy; t pr; r hd; w pjo; /jifikfs;
,yq;ifapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• jw; N ghJ fy; t p gapd; W nfhz; b Uf; F k;
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; sfspd; fy;tpjj ; uj;ij ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L
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mth;fis Nrh;g;gjhf mth;fs; njhptpf;fp-
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mt;thW ,y;yhky; ePjpia epiyehl;l muR
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njhopy; Ghpe; J nfhz; b Uf; F k; ,isQh;
Atjpfs; mth; f sJ njhopiy iftpl; L
35

uru-Utumpala
u-Utumpala
Kur
Jayanthi Kur
tUthh;fshdhy; mth;fSf;F cj;juthjkspff
; ,tw;wpd;gb mfjpfspd; vjph;fhyk; njhlh;gpy;
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mth;fSf;Fs;sJ. mth;fSf;Fj; Njitahd
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glFNrit ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.
• Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfis rPh;nra;jy;
kw;Wk; Nghjpa ,og;gPl;il ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
36
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2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy;
2004 • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • nrhy; 37
 ngz;zpd; kfj;Jtk;

nrhy; • %d;whk; fhyhz;L • 2004

ISSN 1391-958X

ml;ilg;glk; gw;wpa th;zidAk; RUf;fkhd gjpTk; :

#yeP nfhbfhw> Muha;r;rpahsH MWRAF> nfhOk;G.

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpd; epe;jhT+h;f; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s K];ypk; ngz;fs;> jghw; fe;Njhhpy;

jq;fSila ‘gpd;gb’ vDk; khjhe;j 100 &gh r%f eyd; njhifiaa; ngWtjw;fhf
fhj;J epw;gijf; fhz;fpwPh;fs;.

Kd; ml;ilf;fiu tbtikg;G - Njrpa tbtikg;G epiyak; (National Design Centre)

,Ujpf; fz;Nzhl;lk;
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gtpj;uh ifyhrgjp

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nghd;idah rhe;jFkhu;
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ngz;fs; njhlHG Clfq;fSf;fhd $l;likg;G
20/1> 8k; xOq;if> ehty> ,yq;if
njhiyNgrp 00-94-112805127> 2805579 njhiyefs; : 00-94-112805580
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