Derivatives of hydrocarbons

Amines and Amides

Amines Structure and Properties

Amine Nomenclature
Heterocyclics Amines
Amine Sources
Basicity of Amines
Reactions of Amines
Importants of Amines
Amides
• Alkylamine
N attached to alkyl group
• Arylamine
N attached to aryl group
 Amine nomenclature
Primary amines

Locate longest carbon chain that

contains -NH2 group.
Use the hydrocarbon name, drop –e,
replace with –amine.
Assign location of amine group so that
the lowest possible number is used.
Name and number any side chains or
other groups.
1-propanamine
2-propanamine

2-hexanamine
 N-methyl-1-propanamine

N,N-dimethylcyclohexanamine
 N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine

1,2-propanediamine
• Have fishy smell.
• BP & MP higher than alkane but lower
than alcohol.
methanal methanamine
1 amine

N-methylmethanamine
2 amine

N,N-dimethylmethanamine
3 amine
 1. LiAlH4
butanamide 2. H2O 1-butanamine

1. Fe, HCl
2. NaOH

or H2, Ni
methanol
nitrobenzene aniline
 Reaction of amines
react with acid chloride to form amide
O O
R’NH2  RCCl R C NHR'  HCl
acid
amide
chloride

example
O O
CH3NH2  CH3CCl CH3 C NHCH3  HCl
methanamine methanoyl N-methylethanamide
chloride
 Amides
General formula
O
R C NH2
Derivatives of carboxylic acids where an
amino (-NH2) group replaces the –OH group.
O O
 
CH3 — C—OH CH3 — C—NH2
carboxylic acid amide
ethanoic acid ethanamide
 Examples
O

HC–NH2 methanamide
O

CH3C–NHCH3 N-methylethanamide
O

CH3CH2C–N(CH3)2 N,N-dimethylpropanamide
O

C NH CH 3
N - me th y lb e n z a mid e
Properties of amides

 appearance: solid at room

temperature
 smell like rat or unpleasant smell
 high boiling point
 Simple amide soluble in water
 propanoic acid propanamide

benzoyl chloride benzamide

 Reaction of amides
acid hydrolysis
O
HCl + H2O 
O CH3COH + NH4+Cl–
 ethanoic acid Ammonium
CH3CNH2 chloride
O
ethanamide
NaOH 
CH3CO– Na+ + NH3
base hydrolysis sodium ethoxide
 C H3
N

Nicotine, leaves oftobacco plant

O CH3
CH3 N
N

O N N
CH3
Caffe in e , co ffe e b e an s an d te a