Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BHCG tumor marker for what? Not sure but I answered chorocarcinoma. Cos the three choices
were pancreatic, colon and lungs
MCV calculation
5HIAA carcinoid tumors
I had 5 bb panels (was thinking maybe this was the reason I failed. Although I did understand
but the questions were a bit confusing. Not sure with my answers)
Proteus vulgaris and mirabilis indole tests
Bb and Heme Case studies
Hydatid cyst fluid
Rh stuff
ABO descripancies
Antacid overdose? What lab test should you conduct?
Ouchterlony reading
-coagulation
-Prolonged PT, PTT, and thrombin after collecting from catheter= heparin contamination
– Question with mixing study that was performed with a prolonged PTT that couldn’t be
corrected=
DRVVT
-Another question with two pt’s ran in duplicate (PT and PTT). The PTT seemed to always be
prolonged but PT looked ok= I picked check the CaCl/phospholipid reagent delivery
– Patient is on coumadin therapy, what will be affected= Decreased protein C
-Hematology-
-Lot’s of stomatocytes= liver disease
-Burr cells= uremia
-Picture of target cells with hemoglobin C crystals. The white count was high on instrument 1, so
a second instrument was used with a stronger lysing agent, and the white count was corrected= I
picked anti-lysing target cells are what increased the white count.
-A sodium citrate tube was drawn for a HCT on a pt but the hematocrit was abnormal. Options
were recollect in heparin (what I picked), recollect with increased anticoagulant, recollect with
decreased anticoagulant, etc.
-Question that gives a red blood cells count, HGB, and HCT. I did the rule of 3 and found that
the HGB didn’t meet the rule of 3 because it was too high= I picked check for lipemia (elevates
HGB)
-Picture of PBS with an elevated reticulocyte count and howell jolly bodies in the RBC’s.= I
picked stain with prussian blue stain in order to see the retic nuclei
-what is composed of DNA?=howell jolly bodies
-what falsely decreases ESR=vibration
-ESR is increased, what is NOT a cause=I picked macrocytes because macrocytes don’t rouleux.
Other options were rouleux, increased globulins, inflammation, etc.
-Chemistry-
-Question about lactic acid collection=separate from serum and put on ice
-Question about coefficient of variation
-Carbon dioxide electrode measures what?= pH
-Question about patient that had a random glucose >200 and an FPG >126. What do you do
next?= I picked repeat the FPG. Other options were diagnose with diabetes mellitus, perform
OGTT, etc.
-Immunology-
-Man tested positive for syphilis 2 years ago but may have again, how would you test him?-RPR
-Question with a graph with 3 peaks related to a bacterial infection= I picked that the first peak
was the antigen in the stool, the second peak was IgM (goes up and then down quickly), and the
third peak was IgG (goes up and levels off a little).
-Person tested positive for HIV-1 and HIV-2 but western blot was indeterminate. What do you
do?= I picked do CD4 count. Other options were repeat western blot, repeat HIV-2, etc.
-Blood Bank- It felt like I had a lot of questions
– 1 small antibody ID panel. The antibodies that matched up were Lewis A Lewis B. Question
asked about the characteristics of the antibodies.= I picked that they are lipids absorbed onto
RBC from plasma.
– There was a positive DAT on cord blood; mother is Rh pos, baby is Rh neg. What is most likely
coating the baby’s red cells?= I picked K (kell). Other options were A&B, D, Lewis, etc.
-Picture of what looks like cold agglutinins (I got this picture 2 different times during the test).=
The first time I picked cold reacting antibody. The second time the options were different so I
went with Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. Mycoplasma infection was an option but there
wasn’t a lot of WBC’s in the picture so I didn’t pick Mycoplasma.
-What phase can rouleux not be detected in?= I picked AHG phase because a positive 37C,
negative AHG, and positive auto=rouleux
-Picture of ABO type with mixed field reaction in the forward type= I picked that patient was
transfused with O blood
-Picture of AB in forward reaction, and weak reactions in back type= I picked incubate at room
temp because probably cold agglutinins
-Question about an adsorption that had been done twice, and antibody screen is positive=I
picked perform antibody ID panel
-If a patient is type A with Lewis a+b- what substance will be on their red cells= I picked Lewis a
but other options were (A, Lea), (H, A, Lea), (Lea,Leb), etc.
-Micro- no parasite questions, 2 mycology questions
– Only 1 micro picture. Bile esculin +, NaCl-, alpha hemolytic, looked like a strep=Group D strep
gallolyticus/bovis
-TSI slant K/A H2S+, PD-,= Salmonella antisera was only organism that fit
-Question with lactose fermenter, ODC+, lysine -, etc.=Enterobacter cloaca but I’m not sure
-Rotavirus= stool
-CSF storage= incubate at 35C
-Hair perforation test= Trichophyton metagrophyte and T. rubrum
-Good way to detect Legionella infection=antigen detection in urine
-Question about a lesion on an arm= I picked sporothrix schenckii but I’m not sure. Other
options were cryptosporidium, microsporum, etc.
-Mycoplasma can’t be treated with penicillin= no cell wal
Some recalls:
child ate mothball accidentally: Heinz bodies
M. furfur: olive oil
gave 4 different equation with SD & mean; asked which would be more productive CV (So know
how to calculate)
something to do with LDL and HDL: heparin manganese solution
5HIAA test: Carcinoid tumors
same effect as Procainamide:NAPA
Zygomycetes (from mycology) (Not sure what were the options or what I chose)
A picture of Histoplasma Capsulatum: identify
A picture of Blastomyces dermatitis: ( i think thats what it was; don’t know for sure)
Cryo was pooled; when is the new expiration?: 4 hrs
FFP was thawed at 11:15 am and left for the OR: came back to blood back at 11:40 and the temp
was 11degC; what should the tech do? I chose accept and return to the inventory as it was less
than 30 minutes with improper temp
Lots of DAT and Elution question
Lots of panel (please please and super please listen to the ab identification lectures by the
BBGUY)
Something about dosage effect of antiE
Lots of ABO discrepancies asking why and what to do? (Please understand Sohal’s BB high yield
notes; it is beautifully categorized and explained)
Lots of diagrams with iron, ferritin, TIBC, bilirubin, urobilinogen and then asked what type of
disease?
KNOW IMVIC reactions: I have had 2 /3 question from there
K. pneumoniae vs K. Oxi….(See i don’t svn remember the whole name) (As soon as I saw it, I
knew indole pos)
How would you differentiate diid Yersinia species: chose motility
know the X factor and V factor H. influenza and how it correlates with S. Aureus.
sensitivity for all the gram (+) organisms ( asked bat Bacitracin, positive camp test,)
Lots of ANA questions(remember the numbers and the patterns)
You received a nasopharyngal swab specimen for ROTAVIRUS, what to do? (I choose
call for clarification of the request)
Blood from newborn had high PT, high PTT and TT, bleeding from cord also…reason…is
a) afibriginogemia b) lupus inhibitor c) factor 8 deficiency d) factor 10 deficiency
FFP is thawed at 8am when is the expiration? Choices: 8pm, 8am etc..
Question about what antibody causes HDFN when dad was O neg rr, and mom is A pos,
R1R1…choices were antibody…. D, c, A, or B
Every other parameter on CBC was ok, (MCV, RDW, RBC, PLT, WBC)..delta failure on
HGH is due to what…instrument malfunction, tourniquet too tight, wrong blood was
tested….
Lactic acid specimen has to handled how…..a) chilled and separated from cells b) heated
c) room temp incubation d) request EDTA sample only
LDL computation
Picture of Western Blot for HIV, read and interpret the results
Series of results of HGB results for 5 consecutive days, results in Day 3 is high, the
others are almost the same. What is the reason? Choices: machine malfunction,
collected too early, specimen left standing too long..
A 70 year old man will donate, what will be the grounds of deferral given the following
screening tests: BP 140/90, Pulse 70, Temp 37 degrees the other choice is HBG of 120 or
125 I forget..
Donor will donate plasma. What will be the reason for deferring the donor; choices:
Donor received penicillin(I think?) for last week, confirmed Hep B infection last year I
forget the other choices..
Pt and ptt controls were abnormal qc repeated ptt was normal what will you do? –
replace thromboplastin or replace activator
What process will you do for Weak D? choices: DAT, IAT, elution/adsorbtion etc..
Choriocarcinoma
Graph of lag phase micro what are the IgG and IgM?
A result of CBC: increase WBC, the rest are normal. Platelets is 20. What is the blood
picture? (choices ranged from the normal or abnormal status of the ff PT, PTT,
Fibrinogen, D-Dimer)
2mL of blood was filled only for a 5 mL of anticoagulant tube; what would happen for
results of apt? (decreased? Increased? Normal?)
O positive man had a strong anti-e, he will be incompatible with what percent of what
blood Rh type? (choices; it’s something like: 97% of O positive? 25% of A positive? I
forgot the others)
If the PT controls were okay and the aptt controls were okay, what do you do next?
Choices were replace thrombin, replace activator, etc.
What is the cv is the 80-100 mmol/L is within 2SDs (choices: 5.5% , 10%, 20%)
What is the purpose of Protein C and S? (choices: act as natural anticoagulant, activates
protein coagulants.. etc..)
What bacteria will show positive and negative for the following. Bile esculin, 6.5na,
Camp, bacitracin. (choices: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, Viridians, Enterococcus)
Slight agglutination only on RPR test. What to do next? (choices: Repost as positive, re-
calibrate and re-test, replaced new lot number, repeat testing using same kit)
What’s wrong with this stain? blood smear shows pink buff on rbcs (choices: acid
alcohol is too strong, carbolfuchsin is used instead of safranin etc.. I forgot the other
choices)
Know common markers for B and T lymphs (CD 19, 20/ CD 2,3,5,7, 4/8 mature
What is the specific gravity of the 3mL urine diluted with 3mL H2O? Specific gravity is
1.024 before dilution. (choices: 1.024, 1.072, 1.048 etc..)
How do you know if the plasma used for PT has been contaminated with heparin?
(choices: test for PT, perform mixing studies.. etc.. I forgot the other choices)
Memorize mnemonics for IMVICs, TSIs, H2S producers, Oxidase and Urease producing
bacteria and others etc.
Where does ALP is increased? (I choose the associated with bone disease; no Obj.
Jaundice in the choices)
Bernard Soulier syndrome – The question is long but the main differentiation that
caught my eye is “giant platelets”. The rest of the choices are not in sync with the
question. (No May-Hegglin in the choices so I choose Bernard S.)
What does 5HIAA in urine mean? (choices: renal disease, carcinoid tumors etc..)
Given: HDL was 34, Trig was 400, and cholesterol was 235. LDL was directly tested and
was 169. What to do next? (choices: repeat Trigly and recalculate LDL?, repeat Chole
and recalculated LDL? Recollect after 12 hours of fasting Etc.. I forgot the other choices)
A control blood smear was made that covered 60% of the slide. The red cells stained
pink while white cells had their nuclei stain dark blue to light blue. The white cells were
clustered at the tail end.
A) Accept
B) Reject – white cells clustered at tail
C) Reject – Red cell color is incorrect
Ran controls and PT was normal, PTT was abnormal. Replaced controls and got same
results. What should you do next?
A) Change out the Recombiplastin
B) Change out the CaCl
C) Rerun controls
D) Run patient tests
Exam Recalls:
Chemistry/Urinalysis
Transudates
Abnormal urine colors
Cast dealing with strenuous exercise
Difference between traumatic tap; hemorrhage
The difference between primary and secondary thyroidism —TSH
Know your enzymes –ALP AST, LD, etc [Wordsology’s high yield chemistry chart]
Know your Tumor markers –what cancer is associated with it. I got one with hCG—
testicular cancer –[Wordsology’s high yield chemistry chart]
Dilution question
Blood Gasses: Metabolic Acidosis/Respiratory Alkalosis etc. [know reference ranges;
clinical conditions]
Procainamide and NAPA
Immunology
DiGeorge Syndrome- Regarding T-Cell deficiency—Absence of Thymus
CD4: is it a) inducer b) phagocytic c) cytotoxic d) don’t remember the other choice
ANA patterns
Hematology
Picture of a peripheral blood smear with Plasmodium falciparum
Howell Jolly inclusion picture –what is it composed of? DNA-
One with Pappenheimer Bodies – what do you stain it with? –Confirm with Prussian
Blue
Know what anemias are considered normochromic normocytic
Hemoglobin C disease—Target cells
Picture of a peripheral blood smear with Plasmodium falciparum
COAGULATION
APTT; PT – Disseminated intravascular coagulation—Correlating the APTT: PT
FIBRINOGEN results [prolonged or not]
Know what factors are in the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathway, mixing studies
Blood Bank:
Felt like I had a lot of blood bank questions (my weakest subject) Know how to do
panels, DAT/ELUTION/ Subgroups of A
Criteria for Allogenic Donor Selection
CDPA-1 know its advantage
Microbiology/Mycology
Wordsology’s Gram Positive Cocci Chart! Had a question deal with +/- controls for Bile
Esculin; CAMP; NACL; Bacitracin
picture of Kansassi
Sterilization – 15 lbs –121C
ESBL
TSI reactions for Enterobacteriaceae –Bottom Line Approach Yellow & Purple book
Ziehl-Neilson—hot stain
Rotavirus – stool
Histoplasma capsulatum –tuberculate macroconidia
Sporothrix schenckii—Cigar bodies
Laboratory management:
One question about quality assuranc
Recalls
Stomatocytes:liver disease
BLOOD BANK
8 questions either interpret or what should you do next….
Anti a Anti b Weak D Rh control A cells B cells
4+ 4+ 2+ 0 0 0
• Lewis Antibody – if Le and Se gene is inherited, one has Leb adsorbed unto RBC Le (a-
b+)
• Carbon dioxide ion selective electrode measure?pCO2
• Metabolic acidosis
• Result of lipase increased at Normal amylase (given reference value) saan daw
associated ?
12.TIBC computation
13.cause of lack of agglutination after adding check cells on negative results
Two days old infant glucose strip positive. Clinitest negative. Cause? (Galactosuria,
Excess ascorbic acid, expired strip)
CA 19 9
Metabolite of PHENOBARBITAL
PROCAINAMIDE
SLEEP APNEA- Associated with pseudocholinesterase
Flurometer
Valinomycin- K
Cut off absorbance for HBEAG was 0.734 something. Specimen was 0.3. Interpret result
(Positive, Indetermine, Negative)
Stomatocytes associated with? (Burr cells)
1. Picture of Fusobacterium
2. A thin, gram-negative bacillus with tapered ends isolated from an empyema specimen
grew only on anaerobic sheep blood agar. It was found to be indole positive, lipase
negative, and was inhibited by 20% bile. The most probable identification of this isolate
would be:
a. Bacteroides
b. Fusobacterium
c. Clostridium
d. Porphyromonas
3. Picture of Taenia proglottid
a. Taenia saginata
b. Taenia solium
c, Dypilidium Caninum
4. Plate of Auer rods, where do you see them
a. AML
b. CML
5. A beta-hemolytic, catalasa positive, gram-positive coccus is coagulase negative by the
slide coagulase test. Which of the following es the most appropriate in identification of
this organism?
a. Report a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus
b. Report a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus
c. Reconfirm the hemolytic reaction on a fresh 24-hour culture
d. Do a tube coagulase test to confirm the slide test
6. Hairy Cell plate, the picture looked blurry
a. atypic linfocite
b. hairy cell leukimia
c. normal linfocite
7. Plate of toxic granulation
8. During the past month, Staphylococcus epidermidis has been isolated from blood
cultures at 2-3 times the rate from the previous year. The most logical explanation for
the increase in these isolates is that:
a. The blood culture media are contaminated with this organism
b. The hospital ventilation system is contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis
c. There has been a break in proper skin preparation before drawing blood for culture
d. A relatively virulent isolate is being spread from patient to patient
9. Which test differentiates E coli O157:H7
a. Manitol
b. Sorbitol
c. Lactosa
10. A clean catch urine sample was taken:
TSI: acid slant/acid butt; no H2S gas produced
Indole: positive
Motility: positive
Citrate: negative
Lysine decarboxylase: positive
Urea: negative
VP: negative
This organism most likely is:
a. Klebsiella pneumoniae
b. Shigella dysenteriae
c. Escherichia coli
d. Enterobacteria cloacae
11. A gram-negative bacillus has been isolated from feces, and the confirmed biochemical
reaction fit those of Shigella. The organism does not agglutinate in Shigella antisera.
What should be done next?
a. Test the organism with a new lot of antisera
b. Rest with Vi antigen
c. Repeat the biochemical test
d. Boil the organism and retest with the antisera
12. Asacarolitic organism, DNasa + Oxidasa +- Moraxella catarrhalis
13. Propionibacterium acnés – Blood culture contamination
14. The reverse CAMP test, lecithinase production, double zone hemolysis, and Gram
stain morphology are all useful criteria in the identification of:
a. Clostridium perfringens
b. Streptococcus agalactiae
c. Propionibacterium acnes
d. Bacillus anthracis
15. CNA and PEA
16. Case: From a pleural liquid it was recoverd a vancomycin, clindamycin (I think and
another antibiotic, can’t remember) susceptible. On sheep blood agar was chewy or
sticky and in McK it was pink, they concluded that it was Klebsiella, what do you do
next?
a. Report Klebsiella
b. It’s not a common site for klebsiella to grow
c. The plates does not match klebsiella
17. A patient with Meningococci in peniciline treatment. A Gram was made and there
where Gram- cocci. It was cultured and at 48 hours there where no organism. What
happened?
a. The diagnostic was erroneous
b. Antibiotic inhibit the bacteria
c. Patient created antibodies against the bacteria
d. Bacteria produced Betalactamasa
18. when you prepare sheep blood agar, what do you do next?
19. Urine for culture and routine completely spilled- obtain a new sample
20. add KOH and a fishy odor comes out- clue cells
21. Parasite that migrates to lungs- Ascaris lumbricoides
22. A 47 year old was in antibiotic treatment. She had diarrhea for 4 consecutive days,
what should you do next?
23. Mycobacterium process
24. Stool sample question
25. 57% Hematocrit is normal in:
a. Male
b. Female
c. One year old
d. New born
26. Siderotic granules: prussian blue
27. transudate
a. Contains bacterias
b. Something about natural cells
c. Inflamation
28. An alkaline urine refrigerated becomes turbid because of:
a. Amorphous urates
b. Wbc
c. Amoruphous phosphates
d. Bacteria
29. Cristales in sinovial fluid
a. Gota
b. Pseudogota
30. Negative strip, clinitest +
a. Glycosuria
b. Juvenile diabetes
31. Urinalisis and everything was ok except ketones 3+
a. Acetest
b. Ictotest
32. Mean of 140 with 2s and falls in 95% what is the range?
33. 4g of NaCl is added to water until 2500ml is reached. What is the concentration?
4/2500=.16%
34. Absorbance=(abs unk/abs std)x [std]
35. Elevated ALT
36. The best diagnostic for an alcoholic
a. AST
b. ALT
c. GGT
37. In which of the following conditions would a normal level of creatine kinase be
found?
a. acute myocardial infarct
b. hepatitis
c. early muscular dystrophy
38. Elevated ALP
a. biliary obstruction
b. hepatitis
39. what should you evaluate in a antacid overload?
40. If the creamy layer of a red tube is discarded and chemistry is done, which result may
be affected?
41. cases of acidosis and alkalosis
42. IDA common case
43. Icteric sample
44. A BUN- Creatinine case
45. Histogram, they presented WBC, RBC y platelets. What is the cause of interference in
the WBC
a. NRBC-
b. Retics
c. platelet clott
46. Breast cancer marker- CA 15-3
47. Antibodies against TSH
a. Carcinoma-
b. Graves
c. Hashimoto
48. What should you do to a pregnant woman that in the 2hpp had 500mg of glucose in
fasting
a. Give glucola
b. Do another fast blood
c. Change to 5 hpp
49. If a particle has the same isolectric point as the pH
a. It moves slowly
b. It moves faster
c. doesn’t move at all
50. Control fall out 3 standard deviations, which rule is broken?
51 Why ANA test is good?
a. Array immuno disease
b. Diagnose of SLE
c. Descartes Sjorgrens
52. Patient with anti-HCV + y anti-HBs +, what does he have?
a. Hep A
b. Hep B
c. Hep C
d. Hep D
53. ELISA was HIV +, What should you do next?
a. Report to the dr HIV +
b. Repeat ELISA with original sample
c. Obtain a new sample
54. Case of a patient that had everything elevated and platelets super high, RBC, Hct
a. Polycythemia vera
b. Polycythemia vera absolute
c. other types of PV that can’t remember
55. Bands of IgG to what their associate?
56. Howell Jolly plate
57. NRBC exercise
58. A plate of a lot of platelets, what do you do?
a. Repeat in the machine
b. Ask for a new sample and process it in the machine
c. Dilute and do a manual count
59. What is RDW
60. 2ml of blood is collected in a .5ml citrate tube, how is affected the pt
a. Decreases because of the inadequate ratio
b. Increases because of the inadequate ratio
c. Normal
61. Aspirin affects?
62. Why RBC in saline are better than those in CPDA-1?
a. Less glucose
b. More donor plasma
63. Girl with menorrhagia and elevated ptt
a. DD
b. Afibrinolemia
c. Ristocetin
64. Mother with mf agglutination
a. do kleihauer to mother’s cell
b. do kleihauer to baby cell
65. Who is the best donor?
a. Patient that received a transfusion 8 months ago
b. Woman that gave birth 4 weeks ago
c. Man that donate blood 10 weeks ago
d. Patient with Hgb in 12
66. To prevent Graft vs Host
Para evitar Host vs Graft que le das
a. Irradiated
b. Leukocyte reduce
67. Temperature for thawing FFP
68. Patient in operating room, intraoperative blood
a. Transfuse the patient in24 hrs if it was maintain at 1-6C
b. Do a crossmatch and then transfuse
c. can give to other patients
69. Lectin use
70. Blood bank panels
. Differentiate btw Enterobacter- Lysine and Arginine
2. Burr cell- uremia
3. Pre-hepatic/ hepatic/ obstruction and bilirubin levels
4. UA results and correlate to disease
5. Couple questions that provide coag results and ask what is wrong. Controls? Instrument?
6. Lupus anticoagulant
7. Rotavirus specimen- stool
8. Differentiate btw EBV and CMV infection
9. serum Na: SIDAH
10. Staph. aureus ferments mannitol
11. Some ABO discrepancy
12. 1 ANA
13. EPO in what? PV? Aplastic anemia?
14. Heinz body stain
15. Pic of polyagglutionation and asked what is the cause? The same pic actually came up 2x LOL
16. Pseudomonas aeroginosa vs putida
17. Catalase pos bacilli in blood culture. Non beta hemolytic, non motile, Penicillin resistant
18. TSI and some biochemical results and what is the organism?
19. Pasturella- cat bite
20. Blastoconidia
21. Legionella test
22. GN anaerobe in blood culture
23. Calculate transferrin saturation
24. Hepatitis marker
25. HTLV confirmation test
26. Which blood group antigen is not stable in storage?
27. What is in the saliva of a Le(a+b-) individual?
28. PCR erroneous results?
29. What causes postprandial lipemia?
30. Treponemal test
31. High Hct in coag sample. What should you do?
32. What does CO2 electrode measure?
33. BGA pH controls
34. serum Na while other electrolytes are normal. What should you do next?
35. Pic of stomatocytes
36. Enterococcus vs Group D strep
37. Aeromonas is oxidase pos
38. 1 panel but it asked about the characteristics of the antibody and not just antibody ID
39. Cushing- hyperglycemia
40. 1 mycology
41. Mycoplasma has no cell wall so penicillin is not effective
42. Monitor PA and NAPA
43. What affects HgbA1c?
44. What can cause a in ESR?
45. False positive in UA reagent strip
IMMUNOLOGY
T-cell, B-cell lymphomas
IgG and IgM- which rises first
Hep A graph: antigen in stool-IgM-IgG
IgE- basophils and mast cells
Classic and alternate pathway complements
RA- IgM produced, autoantibodies to the Fc portion of IgG
FTA, RPR,VDRL, which is for testing reinfection, late stage and early stage
Treponemal antibody agglutination
Infectious mono- reactive lymphs and monocytes
Hepatitis- antigens and antibodies tested for each stage
HEMATOLOGY
Transferring- TIBC
Child swallowed naphthalene ball- Heinz bodies
Heinz bodies- DNA
RBC inclusions and corresponding diseases
Anemias and what to find in RBC- pictures
Sources of error like in ESR and Hb
Stomatocytes- liver disease
Oxidant drugs, anti-malarial drugs effect on RBC
Hemoglobin electrophoresis- cellulose acetate-C S F A and the Hb it migrates with
Hemoglobinopathies- sickle cell solubility test and sources of error
Thalassemia- alpha- Barts and HbH
Beta- cooley’s anemia
Myelodysplastic syndrome- essential thrombocytemia( increase in PLT, splenomegaly).
COAGULATION
Mixing studies
PT & Aptt Factors
Protein C- how aspirin affects test( prolonged, increased or unaffected)
Platelet aggregation_ graph for ADP, epinephrine and collagen
Both PT and Aptt prolonged and then corrected
URINALYSIS
Bilirubin crystals- liver disease
Eosinphils in urine- interstitial nephritis
Monosodium urate- highly birefringent
HCG- pregnancy
Creatnine clearance- (UV/P)*(1.73/A)
Rhabdomyolysis- myoglobin
CHEMISTRY
Glucose levels-nomal and abnormal
ADH- increase water absorption
Iron test
Liver enzymes; hepatobiliary- ALP, GGT, 5NT
Hepatocellular- ALT AST
CK, troponin- MI
Amylase and lipase- pancreatitis, source of error
Solution/buffer for most ISE methods
Blood gases
Bilirubin – conjugated and unconjugated, urobilinogen
Hemolytic, hepatic, biliary obstruction
Immunosuppressant- tacrolimus- use whole blood
Azotemia- increase in BUN
TSH
Pheochromocytoma- VMA
K ISE- valinomycin
MICROBIOLOGY
Anaerobes- chopped meat agar( iron and glycerol)
Micrococcus- resistant to furazilidone
Aeromonas- A/A, oxidase+
Acinetobacter- wounds
Erysipelothrix- H2S+, catalase+
Veillonella(g- cocci) and peptostreptoccus( gram+ cocci) – anaerobes causing jaw
abscess
Picture of agar with chromoblastomycosis
Picture of blastomyces dermatitis
Geotrichum- arthroconidia
K. Pneumoniae and K. Oxytoca( indole+)
How to transport viruses after 96 hrs
Malasezzia furfur- oil
Zygomycota- sporangium
24. SIADH
– decreases Na
25. Case study about urine but the clue was present fat bodies
– Nephrotic
26. Azotemia
– Im really not sure with my answer because the choices have
A. increase bun
B. increase creatinine
But I picked BUN
27. Just remember that in Protein C taking warfarin therapy
– it would decrease
28. The blood glucose was given 390mg/dl, potassium 4.2mmol after insulim
administration glucose is 215 potassium is now? Note that this is kot the exact values
given
– I really do not know the answer but as insulin increase, potassium would decrease.
Just know how to solve this because the choices were values
29. Olive oil
– Malassezia furfur
30. Rotavirus test
– i also dont know the answer but I picked electron microscopy something
31. Sezary cells
– T cells
32. Case study about skin testing blabla
– T cells also
33. Negative and positive control for anti-E
– DcE/DcE, dce/dce
34. Virus specimen was received. What would u do when sending it to other lab or
shipment (cant remember exactly)
– I answered lypholized because shipment of viruses are -70, 4C storage
35. Sensitivity formula
36. Aggregation studies that I dont know. They presented me a graph with collagen, adp
and epinephrine
37. Latex agglutination in S. Aureus
– protein a and clumping factor
38. Know the antibodies that would react at IS, AHG and 37C
39. Antibodies not enhanced by enzymes
40. Bilirubin
– 450nm
41. About ISE
– KCl