TRAINING REPORT

Basics of Livestock Management &

Animal Husbandry

BY

LIVESTOCK TRAINERS & CONSULTANTS

IN COLLABORATION WITH
DEPTT: OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT KP AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY PESHAWAR
For
UN-SKILLED LABOUR OF SWAT BY USAID PAKISTAN JOB PROJECT/PaRRSA
 TRAINING REPORT

© 2010-Livestock Trainers & Consultants

All rights reserved
All materials appearing in this report are copyrighted and may be reproduced with
permission of LTC. Any reproduction in full or in part must credit LTC as the copyright©
owner.

Produced by: Dr. Zakir Hussain (Course Coordinator)

Reported by: Dr. Shaista Jan & Miss. Rehana Yasmeen
(Female Trainers LTC)
Photography by: Dr. Shasta Jan & Miss Tafhim Bibi

Pp: 33

August 10, 2010

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TABLEOF CONTENTS

ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................................................. 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................................................................. 4
LIVESTOCK TRAINERS & CONSULTANTS ........................................................................................ 5
THE TRAINING PROGRAMME ............................................................................................................... 6
OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................................... 6
DESIGNING OF TRAINING CURRICULUM ..................................................................................... 6
TRAINING APPROACHES................................................................................................................... 7
TRAINING METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 7
TRAINING SCHEDULE............................................................................................................................. 8
DAY -1.................................................................................................................................................... 10
DAY -2.................................................................................................................................................... 12
DAY -3.................................................................................................................................................... 13
DAY-4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
DAY-5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
DAY-6 ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
DAY-7 ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
DAY-8 ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
DAY-9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
DAY-10 .................................................................................................................................................. 24
DAY-11 .................................................................................................................................................. 26
DAY-12 .................................................................................................................................................. 28
ANNEX -1 LIST OF TRAINEES FOR THE TRAINING ON LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT
AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY .................................................................................................................. 29
ANNEX- 2 FINAL EXAMINATION ......................................................................................................... 31
ANNEX-3 TRAINING EVALUATION..................................................................................................... 33
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ACRONYMES

AUP Agricultural University Peshawar

BQ Black Quarter
BQV Black Quarter Vaccine
CCPP Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia
ETV EnteroToxaemia Vaccine
FAHVS Faculty of Animal Husbandry &Veterinary
Sciences
HS Hemorrhagic Septicemia
HSV Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccine
KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
LM Livestock Management
LTC Livestock Trainers &Consultants
PJP Pakistan Job Project
PPR Peste des Petits Ruminants
USAID United States Agency for International
Development
August 10, 2010

UST Urea Straw Treatment

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

LTC works as Training Services Provider and is imparting training in various disciplines of
livestock sector in collaboration with Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences KP
Agricultural University Peshawar. Training on the Basics of livestock Management and
Animal Husbandry for female farmers of District Swat was first collaboration of Lasoona,
Society for human and Natural Resources Development, a well reputed organization in
Malakand division, and LTC. By Grace of ALLAH ALMIGHTY, LTC has tried its best to
provide quality training as per its commitment.

First of all I am Thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY for His Blessings and Help. Secondly I
extend my sincere gratitude to the whole management of Lasoona in general and Mr. Ihsan,
Project Manager Pakistan Job Project Lasoona, in particular for his support, best
coordination and trust.

I am grateful to the Executive Director Lasoona Mr. Azam Khan and Mr. Asghar Khan,
Program Manager Planning, Monitoring & Evaluation, for their trust and confidence shown in
LTC. Let me extend my gratitude to Mr. Hakim Khan Agriculture Sector Specialist Pakistan
Job Project for his full support and cooperation. I applaud the remarkable efforts of
Dr. Ihsan Ullah, Livestock Specialist PJP Lasoona, for his zeal, effective coordination, overall
supervision and successful arrangements of this training. The services and cooperation of
the female staff of Lasoona, involved in the said training is also highly commendable.

The training was conducted with technical collaboration of Department of LM Agricultural

University Peshawar. I am grateful to the Chairman Department of LM Prof: Dr. Muhammad
Subhan Qureshi for his technical support and cooperation in this regard.

The conduction of this training was a team work and I appreciate the efforts of my team
members. Eng: Zia Ullah Khan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Dr. Saeed Ullah Khan, Dr. Shaista Jan,
Miss Rehana Yasmeen, Miss Hamida and Miss Tafhim Bibi. They have supported me and
made the training a successful event.

In last but not the least, I extend my personal feelings of gratitude to the Chairman LTC
Dr. Nazir Ahmad. I felt his presence and support whenever I needed. I am highly thankful to
him and expect his support in future also.
August 10, 2010

Shaukat Khan
Program Director
LTC KP Peshawar

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LIVESTOCK TRAINERS &

CONSULTANTS
Introduction:
Livestock Trainers & Consultants (LTC) is a provincial based registered non-governmental,
non-profitable organization dedicated to provide quality services to the farming community
without discrimination & regardless of race, religion, creed or political affiliations.
The organization is being run by highly qualified well energetic and devoted professionals
while supervised by a panel of experts both at national and international level.
Recently the organization has signed MoU with the Department of Livestock Management
Faculty of Animal husbandry and Veterinary Sciences NWFP Agriculture University
Peshawar to utilize their dairy farm, Dairy Technology Center and Feed Technology Center
for capacity building of Livestock Extension Workers and Livestock Farmers.
LTCis delivering quality services to the farming community, with the objective to uplift their
socio-economic conditions via better animal health and production. To achieve the desired
goals and objectives it is joining hands with the governmental and non-governmental
organizations to seek monetary funds to benefit all its stakeholders in the country. LTC is
utilizing these funds for the capacity building of the farming community and is providing
consultancy services to the rest of the organizations in the field of veterinary and animal
sciences to identify potential pockets, conduct baseline surveys, proposal writing and even
to implement various projects in the said field.
LTC believes in quality and is therefore committed to deliver quality services to its
stakeholders in the field of Livestock Trainings and Consultancies having all the capabilities
as well as expertise in the mentioned field.
Currently LTC is working on the following programmes:

♣ Poverty Alleviation through skill Development

♣ Farmer’s linkages development with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University

Peshawar

♣ Women Empowerment through Layer farming in District Chitral

♣ Working as BDSP to conduct various baseline surveys, feasibility studies for

individuals as well as organizations regarding dairy farming, feedlot farming, feed
milling and poultry farming.
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THE TRAINING PROGRAMME

“People are born with intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and dignity, curiosity to learn and joy
in learning”

W. Edwards Deming

Livestock plays a vital role in the national economy which accounts 51.8% of the agriculture
value added and 11.3% of the total GDP. The contribution of livestock is 6.1% more than the
combined contribution of major and minor crops (Economic survey of Pakistan 2009). The
role of livestock in the rural economy may be realized from the fact that 30-35 million of the
rural population is involved in livestock raising, having household holdings of 2-3
cattle/buffalo and 5-6 sheep/goat per family which help them to drive 30-40 % of their
income from it.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the above training were as under:

♣ To impart skills to the female farmers regarding general livestock management.

♣ To develop the abilities of target female regarding feeding management, especially

balance feeding, fodder conservation and minerals supplementation.

♣ To skilled them regarding animal housing management.

♣ To create awareness regarding prophylaxis of animal diseases.

♣ To transfer modern animal husbandry practices for wider adoption and replication.

♣ To create self-employment opportunities at rural level.

DESIGNING OF TRAINING CURRICULUM

The training curriculum contains most of the topics which were of crucial importance for the
farmers that are involved in dairy. This curriculum has been developed for dairy farmers and
tested with successful results in the farming community during the trainings. Timely
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suggestions and valuable inputs both from the farmers and experts have been incorporated
for improvement. However for further improvement, there is still a vacuum that has to be
filled from time to time with valuable inputs from the farmers and experts as well. But after
the arrival of the trainees, Livestock Trainers & Consultants conducted a Training Need
Assessment session to evaluate the participants and to address the problems faced by them
in their real life so that to make the training programme more purposeful.

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TRAINING APPROACHES
LTC believes in quality and is therefore committed to conduct practical based trainings so as
to equip the trainees with new skills and knowledge. Our trainers are more person’s centered
and less subject centered by exercising unique training approaches

Participatory training approach

Hands on training approach.

TRAINING METHODOLOGY
The most important thing in a training programme is its training methodology that can make
the training programme more fruitful and result oriented. The result of every training
programme is the acquisition of knowledge, building of skill and change in the attitude of the
participants. This training was more than 70% practical oriented with unique training
methodologies of Trail Error and Learning by Doing. Our training methodologies enable the
trainees to feel the gap where they were and where they wanted to be.

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TRAINING SCHEDULE
To achieve the desired objectives and outcomes following activities were scheduled in the
12 days training programme.

Day-1
• Registration and distribution of the school items.
• Official opening.
• Training Need Assessment
• Introduction to livestock feeding
• Health signs

Day-2
• Maintenance and production requirements of animals
• Pre-requisites of animal housing.
• Advantages of AI
• Disease signs.

Day-3
• Feeding of dairy animals.
• Live weight estimation
• H.S & its control

Day-4
• Hand milking.
• Feeding of dry animals
• Heat detection
• FMD & its control

Day-5
• Calf feeding
• Lighting in animal shed and its effect on fertility
• Cleaning of animal shed
• Urea straw treatment
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Day-6
• Calving Management
• Feeding of young stock
• Flushing & fertility Management of sheep and goat
• Hay making
• Black Quarter Disease and its Control

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Day-7
• Concentrates preparation from local ingredients
• Seasonal pneumonia
• Judging of dairy animal
• Sheep and goat housing & its effect on production

Day-8
• Mastitis and Surf test
• Management of pregnant animal
• Feeding of sheep & goat
• Watering and its effects on production

Day-9
• Restraining of animal
• Colostrum feeding
• Enterotoxaemia
• First Aid

Day-10
• PPR
• CCPP
• Vaccination Schedule

Day-11
• Vaccination of animals
• Feeding of pregnant animal
• Ventilation and its importance
• Ecto &endo parasites
• Deworming of animals

Day-12
• Record keeping
• Examination
• Evaluation
• Closing Ceremony & award of Certificates
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DAY -1

1.1-Registration and distribution of the school items

The registration of the trainees was conducted by Dr. Shaista Jan and Miss Tafhim Bibi for
group A and Miss Rehana Yasmin and
Miss Hamida for group B. They also
distributed school items including a file
bag, a writing pad and a ball point, among
the participants. The participants were
also told about the roles and regulations
during the training so as to make the
training more purposeful.

Figure 1.1 Registration of the trainee

1.2- Official opening

The official opening was started with the name of Allah
almighty. The ceremony was attended by the
Agriculture Sector Specialist Pakistan Job Project Mr.
Hakim Khan with male and female staff of Lasoona
Organization Swat. Mr. Hakim Khan briefed the
participants regarding Pakistan Job Project. He also
stressed the need for the adoption of modern Animal
Husbandry practices in order to get high production
from their livestock. Miss Tafhim Bibi the Female trainer
of LTC lauded the enthusiasm and role of female
community in livestock keeping.
Figure1.2 Mr. Hakim Khan Pakistan Job Project
addressing the participants
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1.3-Training Need Assessment

The aim of this session was to get inputs from the
participants to make the training more need based and
goal oriented. During the training charts& markers were
distributed among the female participants. They were
guided by the trainers to write down their problems that
would be incorporated in the curriculum in order to fulfill
their need. They problems faced by them were already
existed in the curriculum; therefore no substantial changes
have been made in the curriculum already designed for
the said purpose. After the successful conduction of TNA,
it was inferred that most of the female were worried about
the low production and bad health conditions of their
animals.

Figure 1.3 Problem census

1.4-Introduction to livestock feeding

The trainer for the session thoroughly discussed the importance, functions, composition and
role animal feed in livestock production. The participants were involved by asking telling
technique to make the session more interactive. The trainees were made aware regarding
the need for high production and its direct relation with animal feed.

1.5- Health signs

The objective of the session was to enable the participants to differentiate the healthy
animals from diseased one. As in our rural Community female members of the family interact
with animals in their houses and they are the first observer of any deviation from health
conditions of the animal. The session was practically demonstrated with the help of charts
and leaflets designed especially for this training. Besides this, live animal practical was
conducted in the nearby animal shed, in which the participants were asked to point the signs
of healthy animals. The participants with great zeal carried out the practical and deficiencies
were filled on the spot by the trainers.
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DAY -2
2.1-Maintenance and production requirements of animals
The objective of the session was to enable the trainees so that they can provide sufficient
feed to their animals for maintenance of their bodies and production in form of milk and
meat. The participants were trained with the help of charts regarding proper feeding of their
animals.

2.2-Pre-requisites of animal housing

A peaceful and comfortable animal
housing is directly contributing to better
health and production. The target
females ware told about the pre-
requisites for the construction of an
animal house. They were made aware
regarding the importance of proper site
selection, proper shed maintenance and
cleaning of animal shed. They were told
Figure 2.1 trainees visiting Animal shed for practical demonstration
how the manger should be and how and
which type of animal Shed’s floor and
roof should be constructed. The session was demonstrated practically by visiting the nearest
animal house.

2.3-Advantages of AI
Artificial Insemination is one of the cheapest and reasonable ways in breed improvement.
There are also concerns of the community regarding Artificial Insemination. In the session
the trainees were told with help of A.I leaflets and messages posters about the advantages
of A.I. The session was totally interactive in nature, where participants took keen interest.
The participants were also told about the proper timing
of A.I in order to get high conception rate.

2.4-Disease signs
In previous day the trainees were told about the
health signs while in this session they were enabled
to easily identify and could notice disease signs in
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their animals. The trainers asked about various signs

observed by the trainees during animal keeping, the
knowledge of the participants was extended by
elaborating the signs & symptoms during a disease.
Figure2.1 Observing response of animal

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DAY -3
3.1-Feeding of dairy animals
Mostly people ignore proper feeding of dairy animals. The aim of the session was to
sensitize the participants about proper feeding especially in
dairy animals. The learned trainers told the participants
about the requirements of dairy animals on basis of their
body weights and kg of milk production. Besides this
economic aspects of the feed was highlighted, as the feed
costs about 70-80% of the total costs of animals keeping.
They stressed the need for efficient utilization and minimum
losses of the animal feed so as to reduce the cost of
production.
Figure 3.1 Conventional feeding of straw & wheat
bran to dairy animals

3.2-Live weight estimation

Weight estimation is required for proper medication, animal marketing and animal feeding.
Weight estimation was performed practically on live animal. There are various ways to
estimate the live weight of an animal but the most practical and easy method (measuring
weight with inch tape) was exercised here. Learning by doing technique was applied during
the session.

Figure 3.2 Live weight Estimation Figure 3.2 Learning by doing

3.3-H.S & its control

Hemorrhagic Septicemia is a very fatal highly contagious disease of large animals that is
endemic in Swat and cause huge losses in the form of animal mortality. Early diagnosis and
early treatment is the only mean to save animal life. The participants were told about the
visible signs and symptoms of the disease so that in case of breakout they could timely
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detect the disease. The trainees were also told about the prophylactic measures regarding
this fatal disease.

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DAY-4

4.1-Hand milking
Improper and faulty hand milking practices prone the animal to mastitis that causes huge
financial loss to the farmers. The participants of the training were guided in proper hand
milking techniques. Learning by doing technique and hands on training approach was fully
applied during the session. The participants practiced proper hand milking on live animal.

Figure 4.1 Demonstration with the help of Message colored pictures

Figure 4.2 Look at me how I do ---- and now do with your own hands

4.2-Feeding of dry animals

It is a usual practice in our farming community that they ignore proper feeding of dry animals.
This practice leads to infertility, emaciation and low production in next lactation. The
participants were sensitized about the proper feeding of dry animals. They were told that
minerals has significant role in fertility of animals that is why all animals in general and dry
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animals in particular should be provided with sufficient minerals like DCP and common salt.
They also informed the participants about the supplementation of concentrates in the feeding
of animals and its effects in the long run on animal production.

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4.3-Heat detection
Proper heat detection has a significant role in fertility
management. The trainees were taught regarding
proper heat detection. The session was
demonstrated with the help of message posters and
charts. The whole sessions was based on asking
telling techniques. The methods and timings of heat
detection were discussed in very detail and emphasis
was given to the in time inseminations of animals in
order to get more animals in calf and shortened the
calving interval. These practices will save them
money and will result in profitable farming. Figure 4.3 heat detection and Insemination time

4.5-FMD & its control

Foot & Mouth Disease locally called TABAQ causes huge financial losses to farmers. Proper
awareness regarding this disease is of utmost importance. The trainees were told about the
signs & symptoms of the disease, supportive therapy and preventive measures. The trainers
emphasized on regular vaccination against the disease.

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DAY-5
5.1-Calf feeding
Improper calf feeding is one of the most important pre-disposing causes of early mortality in
calves. The aim of this session was to educate the female participants regarding proper calf
feeding. The learned trainers demonstrated calf feeding with the help of charts and leaflets.
The activity was participatory where the trainees shared their experience and the trainers
fully guided them on proper feeding. During the session special attention was paid to
colostrum, (the first milk after calving having a lot of antibodies) that provides maternal
immunity to the calves in the inception of their life.

5.2-Lighting in animal shed and its effect on fertility

The participants were told about the importance of light in animal shed. Presence of light on
one hand is important for dryness and cleaning of
animal shed while on other hand it has a very
significant role in fertility of an animal. It was quite
a new discovery for the female farmers and they
took keen interest. The session was demonstrated
in nearby animal shed. Light that acts as a
stimulating factor for the release of various
reproductive hormones, which results in bringing
animals into heat and to make strong the skeletal
system of the animal as well.

Figure 5.1 lack of light in animal shed badly affect

fertility

5.3-Cleaning of animal shed

The session was very important as clean and
comfortable animal shed is important not only for
high yield but also in control of Ecto and endo
parasites. The trainers’ demonstrated cleanliness
practically in animal shed.

Figure 5.2 Cleanness in animal shed control Ecto & endo

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5.4-Urea straw treatment

Wheat straw is an integral part of animal feed especially in scarcity period during winter and
early summer. Nutritive value of straw is very low and cannot provide sufficient energy for
maintenance of animal body. Treating wheat straw urea has a profound impact on the
nutritive value i.e. TDN and DCP components of the feed are enhanced. After treating wheat
straw with urea it can fulfill at least maintenance requirement of the animal. The session was
practically demonstrated and the participants actively participated and successfully treated
straw with Urea. Both theoretical and practical aspect of the subject was given due
preference.

Figure 5.3 Urea Straw Treatment “Learning by doing”

Figure 5.4 Air tight packing of Urea treated Straw for 3 weeks
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DAY-6
6.1-Calving Management
Care of mother and calf before, during and after caving is highly significant. The participants
were properly educated about calving management. They were told the pre- delivery
management, including suitable place with enough space, soft bedding, presence of an
attendant etc. During parturition assistance should be provided if there is any difficult birth or
veterinary doctor should be called immediately. They were also guided regarding post
parturition management including mother and new born care. The session was based on
asking telling approach.

6.2-Feeding of young stock

Today She calf of today is the she cow of tomorrow that is why proper feeding should be
provided to them. The trainers of the session with help of specially designed charts and
leaflets demonstrated tools and techniques of proper feeding to the young stock. They were
told about the routine feed requirements of young stock and its impact on early puberty. The
session was interactive in nature incorporated with experiences and observations of the
participants.

6.3-Flushing & fertility Management of sheep and goat

Flushing is a practice which is carried out before the start of the breeding season and has
great impact on the fertility especially in sheep& goat. The trainees were guided about the
practice of flushing and their proper seasons in the year. They were also told that how they
can manage fertility in sheep and goats.

6.4-Hay making
Hay making locally known as “Pashakale”
is a local practice, but the farmers due to
their unawareness are unable to maintain its
nutritive value. The aim of the session was
to educate the trainees regarding proper
hay making and its storage to maintain its
nutritive value. The session was practical
oriented where the learned trainer
demonstrated the whole mechanism
practically and the trainees performed with
their own hands.
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Figure 6.1 Hay Making Demonstration

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6.5-Black Quarter Disease and its Control

Black Quarter or Black Leg is a very fatal disease where mortality rate reaches to 100%. The
disease is endemic in Swat and its usual out breaks occur causing huge animal losses. The
resource person discussed in detail its causes, mechanism of communication and disease
signs& symptoms. The participants of the training were also told about the treatment and
prevention of the disease. The trainees were emphasized specially on regular vaccination
against this disease.

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DAY-7
7.1-Concentrates preparation from local ingredients
Balance concentrates feeding is a very rare practice in our traditional farming system.
People mostly provide cotton seed cake to their lactating animals. The objective of this
session was to guide and skill the trainees regarding concentrates preparation from locally
available ingredients. The participants were provided with cotton seed cake, Wheat bran,
breads, rice polish and minerals. They prepared concentrates (Vanda) with their own hands.

Figure 7.1 Concentrates preparation: When I do my self I remember for whole of my life

7.2-Seasonal pneumonia
Seasonal Pneumonia is a common disease of sheep, goats and large animals as well. The
trainers discussed the signs and symptoms of the disease with the participants of the
training. The discussion was mostly focused on the control of predisposing factors of the
disease. They were also told about the treatment and preventive measures of seasonal
pneumonia.

7.3-Judging of dairy animal

In the third session of 7th day of the training the trainers demonstrated to the participants that
how to judge an animal for dairy purpose. They were told about the important points of
animal judging that they can easily differentiate a high producing animal from a low
producing one. The trainers discussed and showed practically the points of judging in dairy
animals. The participants showed high level of participation in training session.

7.4-Sheep and goat housing & its effect on production

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This was the last session of the day. The aim of the session was to enable the participants to
understand the pre-requisites of a proper housing of sheep and goats in order to get
maximum benefits. The trainers with the help of charts and message posters thoroughly
discussed all the requisites of sheep & goats housing.

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DAY-8
8.1-Mastitis and Surf test
The objective of the session was to make aware the trainees from the hazards of mastitis
and it’s after effects. The trainers demonstrated the condition with the help of charts and
leaflets. Special designed message posters were displayed in the class room. Later on the
learned trainer demonstrated surf test for detection of sub-clinical mastitis. Surf test is a very
easy and field applicable test which can be performed by every female at her home
irrespective of her education. The participants took keen interest and performed the test with
their own hands as LTC applies hands on training approach in its trainings.

Figure 8.1 Trainer distributing Leaflets ---- Ingredients for Surf Test with Method in LTC Leaflet

Figure 8.2 Demonstration followed by doing by themselves key to skill imparting

8.2-Management of pregnant animal

Management of pregnant animal is of utmost importance. Farmers usually ignore pregnant
animals regarding their proper feeding, watering and housing. The objective of the session
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was to guide the trainees regarding management of pregnant animals. The session was
composed on sharing of experiences, communication of new practices and ideas and
demonstrations. The participants were told that if they want to get high yield from their
animals in the next lactation they should manage properly their animals during pregnancy.

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8.3-Feeding of sheep & goat

Sheep & goats are mostly kept by poor farming community and need proper feeding to get
high yield. The trainees were told about feeding in general and during scarcity period in
particular. The training was based on asking telling technique and demonstration with the
help of various charts and leaflets.

8.4-Watering and its effects on production

To get one liter of milk from an animal we should provide five liters water as a thumb rule.
The trainees were told about the significance of water in Milk Production. Usually farmers
provide one or two times water to their
animals while according to animal
Husbandry practices animals should be
provided with free access to fresh water.
The trainees were also told about the
significance of fresh and clean water. The
participants visited the nearby animal shed
and observed and examined the source and
type of drinking water for animals.

Figure 8.3 Clean and fresh water is the right of our animals

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DAY-9

9.1-Restraining of animal
In this training session the aim of the activity was to skilled the trainees in proper restraining
techniques. The trainers demonstrated restraining techniques on live animals and the
participants did with their own hands applying Learning by doing Methodology.

Figure 9.1 Restraining of Animal in practical

9.2-Colostrum feeding
Colostrum is a special gift from Allah Almighty to the new born. Colostrum is the initial lacteal
secretion just after parturition that is rich in anti-bodies against various diseases. The
trainers described in detail the significance of colostrum and its daily requirement for the new
born. The participants took keen interest in the topic.

9.3-Enterotoxaemia
Enterotoxaemia is a very fatal disease of sheep & goats and cause huge mortality in case of
outbreak. The trainers discussed with participants signs and symptoms of the disease. The
participants of the training were also told about the possible treatment and prevention of the
disease.

9.4-First Aid
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There are various emergency conditions like tympani, shock, impaction, wound, bleeding
and fracture etc. that needs first aid on emergency basis. The objective of this session was
to enable the participants to provide first aid to their ailing animals at their home. Various
methods were taught to deal with such emergencies while utilizing the available resources
before the arrival of the veterinarian.

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DAY-10

10.1-PPR
Peste des Petits Ruminants is a viral disease of sheep & goats with very high mortality rate.
The disease is usually seen in hilly areas of KP and FATA. The trainer discussed about the
signs and symptoms of the disease. She told the participants regarding supportive therapy
and emphasized on vaccination against PPR.

10.2-CCPP
Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia is the second very fatal disease which causes huge
mortality in sheep & goats. The disease is endemic in most areas of Malakand Division. The
participants were made aware about the signs and symptoms of the disease. They were also
informed about the possible treatment and vaccination against the disease.

10.3-Vaccination Schedule
That was the 2nd last session of the training. The aim of the session was to make aware the
trainees regarding vaccination Schedule against various contagious diseases both in small
and large animals. In the session the trainers enlist all the endemic diseases and their
expected outbreak timings. Then as a thumb rule the participants were told that one month
before each out break season the animals should be vaccinated. The participants
themselves put months in the vaccination schedule. The session was quite interactive and
participatory. The participants were also told about the significance of vaccination and
following of vaccination schedule.

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10.4- Silage Making

The objective of the session was to enable the participants so as to preserve green fodder in
the form of silage that will be offered to the animals during green fodder scarcity period. The
trainers practically demonstrated the whole procedure. The participants were eager to see
the whole demonstration. When they saw they did and learnt for whole life.

Figure 10.1 Silage Making Step wise on Chart and in practical

August 10, 2010

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DAY-11
11.1-Vaccination of animals
Previous day in last session the participant were told about the vaccination schedule and on
that day in first morning session the
participants were going to practically
vaccinate animal. The aim of the session was
to demonstrate practically the vaccination
technique. The participants observed the
demonstration and actively participated in the
activity. As the trainees were female and
mass vaccination was not feasible for them
keeping in view the local norms and values
that is why the demonstration was done with
goat available for that purpose.

Figure 11.1 Vaccinating of a goat against Enterotoxaemia

11.2-Feeding of pregnant animal

Proper feeding of pregnant animal is of utmost importance that was the main reason to give
a separate class to the topic. The participants were told that what is feeding requirement of a
pregnant animal and what type of feed should be given to the animal during pregnancy in
general and in the last trimester of pregnancy in particular. The session was based on
asking telling technique.

11.3-Ventilation and its importance

Fresh air has same importance for human and animals. Farmers ignore this especially in
winter season, when due to severe cold they block all the means of ventilation to the animal
shed. The objective of the activity was to maintain circulation of fresh air in animal shed even
in winter season. The session was consisting on class room discussion followed by visit to
nearby animal shed. The trainees
were told the importance of the
existing ways of ventilation and
they were also guided in proper
positioning of ventilators.
August 10, 2010

Figure 12.2 Ventilation in an Animal Shed

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11.4-Ecto-endo parasites
The session was started in the training hall. The trainers demonstrated with the help of
charts and message posters of various types of ecto and endo parasites. They were also
told the losses caused by these parasites to animals. Later on the participants also observed
ecto parasites e.g. ticks in live animals. The trainers tried their best to educate the
participants regarding control of ecto and endo parasites to avoid losses in terms of money
and animal lives.

Figure 11.3 Ecto Parasites Infestation Figure 11.4 LTC Chart showing Endo parasites Cycle and signs

11.5-Deworming of animals
The previous session was followed by practical demonstration. First the participants were
told about the dewormers and their routes of administration and then practically they
administered dewormers to a goat. The session was totally practical oriented.

August 10, 2010

Figure 11.5 Deworming of a goat Practical Demonstration

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DAY-12

12.1-Record keeping
That was the last teaching session of the training. The objective of the session was to enable
the participants that they could keep record like date of Insemination, date of parturition and
date of calf birth, list of expenditures and income etc. They were told about the significance
of record keeping especially in pregnancy and heat cycle.

12.2-Examination
Examination was the second last activity of the last day. A specially designed proforma by
LTC for the said training was provided to the participants. The proforma contained relevant
questions about livestock management and animal health that were already taught to them
during the training. The participants who could not write were assisted by trainers and on the
basis of that examination proforma a result was prepared to know the improvement in the
approach, skill and knowledge of the trainees. The result is annexed as annex-2

12.3-Evaluation
The aim of this activity was to evaluate LTC trainers by participants. The participants were
provided with already designed proforma and were asked to tick mark honestly for our
improvement. The participants were asked to evaluate training materials, training
methodology, trainers methodology and approach, practical demonstrations and in last short
comings in the training. The proforma is annexed as annex-3.

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ANNEX -1 LIST OF TRAINEES FOR THE TRAINING ON LIVESTOCK

MANAGEMENT AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
GROUP A: VENUE BARA BANDAI
S.# Reg: No Name Address
1. 296-LTC/2010 Bacha Sardara Vill & P/o Bara Banda Tehsil & Distt Swat
2. 297-LTC/2010 Bakth Rana Koza Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
3. 298-LTC/2010 Bakth Raja Azaz Bara Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
4. 299-LTC/2010 Amina Mohalla Sarhad Colony No 20 P/o Bara
Bandai Kabal Thesil & Distt Swat
5. 300-LTC/2010 Maraj Bibi Dailay P/o Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil & Distt
Swat
6. 301-LTC/2010 Rohi Mohalla Sarhad Colony P/o Bara Bandai
Kabal Tehsil & Distt Swat
7. 302-LTC/2010 Jawhar Begum Mathra P/o Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil & Distt
Swat
8. 303-LTC/2010 Bibi Haleema P/o Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil & Distt Swat
9. 304-LTC/2010 Shtamana P/o koza Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
10. 305-LTC/2010 Ulfat Begum Mohalla Kass Koza Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
11. 306-LTC/2010 Nasreen P/o Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil & Distt Swat
12. 307-LTC/2010 Hameeda Begum Mohalla Sarhad Colony Matra Bandai Tehsil
& Distt Swat
13. 308-LTC/2010 Singa MohallaAjukheil Bara Bandai KabalTehsil &
Distt Swat
14. 309-LTC/2010 Janat Nazeera Mathra P/o Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil & Distt
Swat
15. 310-LTC/2010 Salma Koza Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
16. 311-LTC/2010 Zenatbibi Mohalla Ajukheil Bara Bandai Kabal Tehsil &
Distt Swat
17. 312-LTC/2010 Shazia Mohalla Chacho Masjid Bara Bara Bandai P/o
Bara Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
18. 313-LTC/2010 Amina Bibi Mohalla Kass Koza Bandai Tehsil & Distt Swat
19. 314-LTC/2010 Bakth Zenab Mohalla Sheer Abad Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
20. 315-LTC/2010 Jawahir Bibi Mohalla Ganucham Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
21. 316-LTC/2010 Bakth Haram Mohalla Ganucham Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
22. 317-LTC/2010 Nadia Begum Mohalla Bacho Kheil P/o Bara Bandai Tehsil
& Distt Swat
23. 318-LTC/2010 Lubna Muftah Mohalla Ganucham Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
August 10, 2010

24. 319-LTC/2010 Saima Mohalla Sheer Abad Koza Bandai Tehsil &
Distt Swat
25. 320-LTC/2010 Bakth Jehan Mohalla Sarhad Colony street No 20 Bandai
Tehsil & Distt Swat

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GROUP B: VENUE NIGUALAI

S.# Reg: No Name Address
1. 337-LTC/2010 Bacha Izat Bibi Shahjahan Dari Nangoli P/o Nangolai Distt Swat
2. 339-LTC/2010 Bakth Begum Bakthi Nangolai Tehsil & Distt Swat
3. 323-LTC/2010 Bakth Haram Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
4. 342-LTC/2010 Bakth Haram Mohalla Malalk Abad Nangolai P/o Nangolai Distt
Swat
5. 338-LTC/2010 Bakth Raja Nangolai Bandai Kabal Swat
6. 340-LTC/2010 Bakth Shahida Bibi Bakthi Nangolai P/o Nangolai Distt Swat
7. 343-LTC/2010 Baktha Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
8. 327-LTC/2010 Bibi Sajaiyna Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
9. 329-LTC/2010 Chand Bibi Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
10. 336-LTC/2010 Farhat Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
11. 325-LTC/2010 Jehan Zeba Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
12. 322-LTC/2010 Kishwar Sultan Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
13. 324-LTC/2010 Mahall Bibi Dari P/o dari Baba Jee Tehsil & Distt Swat
14. 341-LTC/2010 Mohammad Nazira Mohalla Bakthi Nangolai P/o Nangolai Distt Swat
15. 331-LTC/2010 Naseem Akthar Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
16. 345-LTC/2010 Naseem Akthar Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
17. 326-LTC/2010 Nehayt Bibi Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
18. 332-LTC/2010 Qadar Mubeena Mohalla Bakthi Nangolai P/o Nangoli Distt Swat
19. 330-LTC/2010 Seema Village Nangoli Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
20. 334-LTC/2010 Shahi Bakth Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
21. 344-LTC/2010 Shaista Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
22. 333-LTC/2010 Shameem Akthar Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
23. 328-LTC/2010 Sira Banu Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat
24. 321-LTC/2010 Sultan Begum Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
August 10, 2010

Swat
25. 335-LTC/2010 Umar Zadgai Village Nangolai Mohalla Banar Tehsil & Distt
Swat

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ANNEX- 2 FINAL EXAMINATION

GROUP A: VENUE BARA BANDAI

S.# Name Marks

1. Amina 82
2. Amina Bibi 80
3. Bacha Sardara 78
4. Bakth Haram 88
5. Bakth Raja 95
6. Bakth Jehan 82
7. Bakth Rana 81
8. Bakth Zenab 81
9. Bibi Haleema 82
10. Hameeda Begum 78
11. Janat Nazeera 84
12. Jawahir Bibi 89
13. Jawhar Begum 75
14. Lubna Muftah 82
15. Maraj Bibi 81
16. Nadia Begum 88
17. Nasreen 95
18. Rohi 84
19. Saima 80
20. Salma 72
21. Shazia 90
22. Shtamana 69
23. Singa 78
24. Ulfat Begum 81
25. Zenat bibi 82
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GROUP B: VENUE NIGUALAI

S.# Name Marks

1. Bacha Izat Bibi 65
2. Bakth Begum 68
3. Bakth Haram 69
4. Bakth Haram 69
5. Bakth Raja 59
6. Bakth Shahida Bibi 68
7. Baktha 65
8. Bibi Sajaiyna 64
9. Chand Bibi 64
10. Farhat 63
11. Jehan Zeba 64
12. Kishwar Sultan 71
13. Mahall Bibi 60
14. Mohammad Nazira 67
15. Naseem Akthar 71
16. Naseem Akthar 68
17. Nehayt Bibi 67
18. Qadar Mubeena 64
19. Seema 75
20. Shahi Bakth 64
21. Shaista 71
22. Shameem Akthar 67
23. Saeeda Banu 73
24. Sultan Begum 63
25. Umar Zadgai 63 August 10, 2010

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ANNEX-3 TRAINING EVALUATION

August 10, 2010

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