Biochemistry Review

MULTIPLE CHOICE:
Circle the letter for ALL the answers that are TRUE.
THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER.

NO other kind of atom can form the number and variety of molecules that ___________________ can
because it can bond to 4 other atoms at the same time to make carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins.
A. hydrogen
B. oxygen
C. carbon
D. sodium

A ____________________ is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group and is known
as the monomer of nucleic acids.
A. amino acid
B. nucleotide
C. phospholipid
D. glycoprotein

Lipids are different from other macromolecules because they ___________________

A. are hydrophobic and don’t dissolve in water
B. contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
C. dissolve easily in water
D. form large protein molecules
E. are hydrophilic

Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are all __________________.

A. proteins
B. polysaccharides
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
E. phospholipids

Which 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes?

A. nucleic acids and carbohydrates
B. phospholipids and proteins
C. carbohydrates and nucleic acids
D. polysaccharides and RNA

Which part of a phospholipid molecule is NON-POLAR & HYDROPHOBIC?

A. the lipid “tails”
B. the glycerol/phosphate “head”

This molecule is a(n) ____________________________

A. nucleic acid B. amino acid
C. phospholipid D. carbohydrate

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The molecule to the left is
___________________
A. insulin
B. hemoglobin
C. glucose
D. a phospholipid
E. ATP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
MATCH THE MOLECULE WITH THE SUBUNIT THAT BUILDS IT:

________ POLYSACCHARIDES

________ NUCLEIC ACIDS

________ PROTEINS

A B C

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
TRUE or FALSE
Circle T if the statement is TRUE
Circle F if the statement in FALSE and use the blank provided to correct the underlined word/phrase.

T F The 20 different polysaccharides used to make proteins differ in what is attached in their
R group position. _____________________

T F Cellulose is the most abundant organic compound and is a structural polysaccharide that
makes plants sturdy. ___________________

T F One function of proteins is to provide insulation and act as the secondary energy
source for animals. __________________

T F Monosaccharides are the monomers of Carbohydrates.__________________

T F Glucose is the end product of photosynthesis._________________________

T F Sucrose are the monomers of lipids/fats.___________________________

T F Hydrolysis is the process of putting together two monomers and removing water.
___________________

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T F The property of water where one end is negative and the other is positive is called
Adhesion.____________________
T F The property of water that has it sticki8ng to itself is Cohesion.____________

T F The pH scale measures the relative acidity or baseness of a substance.________

T F On the pH scale from 0-7 is considered a base.

T F On the pH scale the farther away from 7 you get the weaker the substance is.___

Match the molecule with its description:

LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

____________________________ made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide
a wide variety of functions in cells

____________________________ made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio

____________________________ made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information

____________________________ Hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from carbon and
hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings

COMPARE: # of SUGARS it GIVE 3 EXAMPLES

KINDS OF CARBOHYDRATES contains

MONOSACCHARIDES

POLYSACCHARIDES

MACROMOLECULES GIVE SOME FUNCTIONS OF EACH

1.
CARBOHYDRATES
2.

1.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
2.

1.
LIPIDS
2.

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 1.
PROTEINS
2.

3.

Put Yes if found and NO if not Nucleic Acids Enzymes

found:

This is a type of Protein Compound?

DNA is a type?

Speeds and controls the rate of a

chemical reaction?

Controls the production of proteins

and contains genes for heredity?

Type of polysaccharide that stores energy in animals

Storage polysaccharide found in plants

Type of bond that joins amino acids together to make a protein.

Bad type of fat that has the maximum # of C atoms in it.

Macromolecule with a polar glycerol/phosphate “head” and 2 non-polar
hydrophobic “tails” used to make cell membranes
Monomer of nucleic acids, made of a sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen
base
Organic compound used for growth, maintenance and repair

Type of bond formed by sharing electrons

Structural polysaccharide made from glucose subunits that makes

plants sturdy
Nucleotide subunit made from ribose sugar, adenine, and 3
phosphates which stores and transports ENERGY in cells
Polar molecule made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms that is
required by all living things

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NAME THE MOLELCULE DESCRIBED BELOW:

ENZYMES
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Circle the letter of the answer(s) that correctly complete the sentence.
THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER.

Proteins that can defend your body from diseases are called __________________
A. antibodies
B. products
C. enzymes
D. collagen

Enzymes belong to which group of macromolecules?

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. Nucleic acids
D. proteins

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by _________________________.

A. decreasing the activation energy
B. increasing the activation energy
C. making more hydrogen bonds
D. changing the pH of the solution

Enzymes are ___________________________

A. used up during chemical reactions
B. not used during chemical reactions and reusable

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Matching: Match the indicator with the compound that it tests for:
____Biuret’s Solution a. Monosaccharides

____Benedict’s Solution b. Protein

____Lugols/Iodine c. Lipids

____Brown Paper d. Starch

pH Questions:

What ions form when water dissociates?

Is and acid or a base higher in OH- ions?
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Is and acid or a base higher H+ ions?
What substance is formed from an acid-base neutralization?

From the chart above:

Which substance has the highest concentration of OH- ions?

Which substance is the weakest base?

Which substance has the highest concentration of H+ ions?

Which substance is neutral?

Is baking soda an acid or a base?

How many time stronger is a substance with a pH of 5 then a substance with a pH of 6?

Which property of water is illustrated in the diagram above?

Which of the above elements is stable?

Which of the above elements can form up to 4 covalent bonds?

Which of the above elements is found in all organic compounds?

How many covalent bonds can Oxygen form?

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Which element above needs the most electrons to become stable?

From the periodic table above:

Draw an atom of Carbon.

Is Nitrogen stable or unstable? How many bonds can it form?

How many electrons will Oxygen have in its second energy level?

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Study this flow chart of Carbon Compounds……