Introduction to Linux

daily, such as this guide, to help fill the gap for documentation available to users at all levels.
• Is an Open Source product trustworthy?

How can something that is free also be reliable? Linux users have the choice whether to use Linux or
not, which gives them an enormous advantage compared to users of proprietary software, who don't
have that kind of freedom. After long periods of testing, most Linux users come to the conclusion that
Linux is not only as good, but in many cases better and faster that the traditional solutions. If Linux
were not trustworthy, it would have been long gone, never knowing the popularity it has now, with
millions of users. Now users can influence their systems and share their remarks with the community,
so the system gets better and better every day. It is a project that is never finished, that is true, but in
an ever changing environment, Linux is also a project that continues to strive for perfection.

1.5. Linux Flavors

1.5.1. Linux and GNU
Although there are a large number of Linux implementations, you will find a lot of similarities in the different
distributions, if only because every Linux machine is a box with building blocks that you may put together
following your own needs and views. Installing the system is only the beginning of a longterm relationship.
Just when you think you have a nice running system, Linux will stimulate your imagination and creativeness,
and the more you realize what power the system can give you, the more you will try to redefine its limits.

Linux may appear different depending on the distribution, your hardware and personal taste, but the
fundamentals on which all graphical and other interfaces are built, remain the same. The Linux system is
based on GNU tools (Gnu's Not UNIX), which provide a set of standard ways to handle and use the system.
All GNU tools are open source, so they can be installed on any system. Most distributions offer pre-compiled
packages of most common tools, such as RPM packages on RedHat and Debian packages (also called deb or
dpkg) on Debian, so you needn't be a programmer to install a package on your system. However, if you are
and like doing things yourself, you will enjoy Linux all the better, since most distributions come with a
complete set of development tools, allowing installation of new software purely from source code. This setup
also allows you to install software even if it does not exist in a pre-packaged form suitable for your system.

A list of common GNU software:

• Bash: The GNU shell

• GCC: The GNU C Compiler
• GDB: The GNU Debugger
• Coreutils: a set of basic UNIX-style utilities, such as ls, cat and chmod
• Findutils: to search and find files
• Fontutils: to convert fonts from one format to another or make new fonts
• The Gimp: GNU Image Manipulation Program
• Gnome: the GNU desktop environment
• Emacs: a very powerful editor
• Ghostscript and Ghostview: interpreter and graphical frontend for PostScript files.
• GNU Photo: software for interaction with digital cameras
• Octave: a programming language, primarily intended to perform numerical computations and image
processing.
• GNU SQL: relational database system
• Radius: a remote authentication and accounting server
• ...

Chapter 1. What is Linux? 14