The fruit producing and processing industry requires fast, non-invasive analytical methods for

determining the quality of individual fruits. Internal fruit quality is defined by a number of
attributes, including sweetness, firmness, and absence of defects; these attributes may vary
considerably, even among individual fruits of the same variety. Near-infrared Reflectance
Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology shows considerable promise for the non- destructive analysis of
fruits, and is ideally suited to the requirements of the agri-food industry for on-site and on-line
measurements for quality control purposes. Our research lines focus on applications of NIRS
technology for characterising the major parameters that determine fruit internal and external
quality, both during on-tree ripening and during postharvest storage and processing, as well as
the technical challenges involved.

Top fruits in Pampanga (in order):

Mango, tomato, banana, watermelon, coconut

Parameters:
1. Ripeness
2. Size
3. Quality/Color

Previous studies

1. Njoroge, John et. al (Automated Food Grading System using Image Processing)
developed an automated grading system for the orange fruit. The system has two
inspection stages: internal and external inspection. Internal inspection is for the
determination the acid and sugar content of the fruit. As for the external or surface
inspection, it processes CCD (charge coupled device) images to determine the quality of
the fruit.
2. The research, Apple grading system using Fuzzy Logic by Ismail Kavdir uses the idea
of Fuzzy Logic (the concept of partial truth or the value between 0 and 1). In his system,
he tried to investigate if the Fuzzy Logic principle (as if examined by a human expert) is
applicable to the grading of apple’s characteristics in terms of its color, shape, weight,
and size.
3. The study, Agricultural Produce Sorting and Grading using Support Vector
Machines and Fuzzy Logic conducted in Malaysia proposed a system that combined
three different processes (feature extraction, sorting, and grading). Feature extraction is
the conversion of the original image to gray image to binary image. The system was
programmed with Matlab.
4. Chang, Weng et al on their study, Vision Based Fruit Sorting System Using Measures
of Fuzziness and Degree of Matching, researched on fuzzy logic algorithm and
integrated it with a machine vision fruit guider and sorter robot. Based from their
 results,it showed that fuzzy method was superior to the traditional statistical methods.
Sorting errors could be reduced if the fuzzy methods were used.

Introduction

Fruits are one of the natural products of trees on Earth. They are harvested and then

prepared to be sold. Fruits are usually eaten raw; some of them are cut into pieces. They aren’t

really cooked unless a recipe calls for it, such as pies made of fruits or other pastries that use

them as ingredients. Fruits are good sources of vitamins. Because they are mostly sweet, it is

easy for humans to eat fruits as their snack or meal.

In Pampanga, fruits are one of its commodities. They come from the farms and other

agricultural lands of rural areas. Mangoes, tomatoes, bananas, watermelons, and coconuts are

some of the fruits that Pampanga produces. Just with any food that has been harvested, these

must undergo proper inspection before being shipped to the market. Fruits are placed on lengths

upon lengths of conveyor belts that go to different areas where processes are done to them. Fruits

are cleaned, ensuring that no dirt and pesticides are still on the skin. They are also inspected to

see if they are ready to be sold. Workers are assigned to manually inspect the physical

appearance and characteristics of the fruits. There should be no bruises since the skin having

such impurities indicate damages both outside and inside of the fruit. Shock, such as the fruit

falling off a height, will hurt the surface of the fruit that touches the ground. These aren’t

appealing to customers, so some of them may be discarded entirely from shipment.

With the worker in mind, what would happen if they missed a few fruits? Would the

quality of the to-be-sold products be compromised? What if there’s more to determine by

looking at the fruits, more than what the naked eye of the worker can?
Statement of the Problem:

1. Each individual fruit must be inspected, and that not even one fruit can be missed

2. Sensors must determine properties of the fruit, such as its ripeness, size, and quality,

some of which are not something a worker can detect; a fuzzy logic algorithm is to be

used and is compared to a typical human sensory abilities

3. Measure the degree of accuracy of the sensors

Objectives of the Study

1. Design a sorting and classification method that is utilizing the principle of fuzzy logic

2. Program a software with the aid of fuzzy logic to determine specific characteristics of

fruits

3. Develop a multi-sensor system to classify fruits with regards to their internal and external

attributes.

Significance of the Study

The system is to build an algorithm of recognizing fruits and their properties using a

library of fruits that are labeled according to their state. This network will help the sensors

examine the fruit, understanding the uniqueness of it. Because the algorithm is periodically used,

it continues to polish itself, utilizing the input that it receives from the sensor, saving it to its

library. By building such a system, it opens a possibility of creating a wide network of images of
fruits that are defined in varieties of spectra. The more the sensor is used, the better it gets at

realizing what is in front of it.

The sensor can be an aid to a worker at the factory. The sensor ensures that there are no

fruits that will be missed from being inspected, making sure that the quality of the product will

not be jeopardized. The worker can even help the machine learn more about the fruits by giving

it a fruit manually for inspection. The sensor shall work whether it is accompanied by a worker

or not.

Because the product is closely monitored thanks to the sensor, virtually all of the future

fruits will be of high quality. It wouldn’t be unfair anymore to pick a random fruit, and the sellers

would no longer have to attempt dirty tricks in sneaking fruits that have been bruised. Customers

would not even have to think twice during a purchase. These fruits from the factory will be well

known and more people will look for them.

Scope and Limitations

This research study will focus on making an automated grading system for the mango

fruit since it is one of the most exported products of the Philippines. The system will only have Commented [1]: tenative lang ahahahahhah

the following features: sorting according to the fruit’s external and internal attributes, and

detecting fruits’ defects. . The grading machine could only be used on a small-scale level and can

work on automatic or manual mode.