Measures

 5 3.141 592 653 589 793 238 462 643 …

In 1873 the English mathematician, William
Shanks, published the value of  to 707 decimal
places. It had taken him 15 years to do the
calculations. Unfortunately the last 180 digits
were wrong due to an arithmetical mistake!
Now computers can calculate  to millions of
decimal places but it is still impossible to know
or predict all the digits of .
What’s the point?   is used in mathematical
formulae involving circles. The value of 
you use depends on the accuracy of the
measurements and the accuracy you need for
your answers.
Check in

1 Calculate the perimeter and area of these shapes.

Level 5

a b c

10 cm
6 cm 10 cm 6 cm 10 cm
p. 96

5 cm a square 16 cm

p. 226 2 Calculate the volume of this cuboid.

Give the units of your answer.
2m
3m 6m

3 Calculate
a 5.5 3 1 000 b 4 000 4 100

91
 Measures 1 LEVEL 5/6 LEVEL 5/6

Exercise 6a Grade D
• Know the appropriate metric units to measure Keywords 1 Choose the most sensible estimate for
length, area, capacity and mass Area Mass
a the mass of an apple 10 g 100 g 1 kg
• Convert between metric units Capacity Metric
b the area of a table 1 cm2 1 m2 1 ha
Length Volume
c the diagonal length of a
The height of a male giraffe is computer monitor 50 mm 5 cm 50 cm
• You can measure length using the metric units. about 5 m.
d the capacity of a can of drink 33 ml 33 cl 33 litres
The area of a giraffe’s foot is
millimetre (mm) metre (m)
1 cm 5 10 mm e the distance from Madrid to
about 700 cm2.
centimetre (cm) kilometre (km). 1 m 5 100 cm Lisbon 600 cm 600 m 600 km
1 km 5 1000 m f the mass of a van 90 kg 900 kg 9 t The area of the UK is
_1 million square
g the volume of a house brick. 140 cm3 1400 cm3 14 000 cm3 4
kilometres.
• Area is the amount of surface a shape covers.
2 Convert these metric measurements to the units in brackets.
Russia is the world’s
square centimetre (cm2) 2 2
a 480 cm (m) b 4.5 cm2 (mm2) largest country with
1 cm 5 100 mm
square metre (m2) c 5000 m2 (ha) d 4 000 000 cm3 (m3) an area of 17 million
1 m2 5 10 000 cm2 square kilometres.
hectare (ha) 1 ha 5 10 000 m2
e 75 cl (litres) f 8 m2 (cm2)
square kilometre (km2). 1 km2 5 1 000 000 m2 g 0.75 kg (g) h 650 m (km)
3 3
i 0.5 m (cm ) j 750 kg (tonnes)
• Capacity is the amount of liquid a container holds. 3 A rectangular football pitch measures 90 metres by 50 metres.
• Volume is the amount of space inside a 3-D shape. Calculate the area in
millilitre (ml) cubic centimetre (cm3)
a square metres b hectares. Be careful to count how
1 litre 5 1000 ml 5 100 cl many zeros you have.
centilitre (cl) cubic metre (m3). 1 litre 5 1000 cm3 4 A trough is in the shape of a cuboid measuring
litre 1 m3 5 1000 litres 120 cm by 60 cm by 35 cm.
1 m3 5 1 000 000 cm3 a Calculate the volume in cubic centimetres.
b How many litres of water will fill the trough? 35 cm
• Mass is how heavy something is.
60 cm 120 cm
A giraffe only needs 2 litres of
milligram (mg) kilogram (kg)
1 g 5 1000 mg water a day.
gram (g) tonne (t). 1 kg 5 1000 g
The mass of a male giraffe is Fold a sheet of A4 paper in half. This is now A5 paper.

activity
1 t 5 1000 kg Size Measurements
about 1.3 tonnes. Folding a sheet of A5 paper gives A6 size, and so on.
A1
Convert
example

A5 A2
2 3 A5
a 5.5 tonnes to kilograms b 60 000 cm to square metres c 60 m to litres. A3
297 mm A4
A7 A4 297 mm 3 210 mm
a � 1000 b � 10 000 c � 1000 A5 A6
A8 A9 A5
1t � 1000 kg 1m2 � 10 000 cm2 1 m3 � 1000 litres 210 mm A6
A sheet of A4 paper measures 297 mm by 210 mm. A7
� 1000 � 10 000 � 1000
Copy and complete the table with the length and A8
5.5 t 5 5.5 3 1000 kg 60 000 cm2 5 60 000 4 10 000 m2 60 m3 5 60 3 1000 litres
width of the paper sizes A1 to A8.
5 5500 kg 5 6 m2 5 60 000 litres

92 Geometry Measures Measures 1 93

 Measures 2 LEVEL 6 LEVEL 6

Exercise 6b
• Know rough metric equivalents for imperial Keywords Use approximations to answer these questions.
measures in daily use Capacity Mass
• Know that a measurement is not exact Imperial Measurement 1 Which measurement is larger?
Length Metric Explain your reasoning.
You may still use some of the imperial units of measurement. Degree of accuracy a 1 mile or 1 kilometre b 1 pound (lb) or 1 kilogram
c 1 inch or 1 centimetre d 1 pint or 1 litre
• You can measure length using e 1 ounce or 1 gram
inch (in) 12 in 5 1 ft 1 inch  2.5 cm
2 Convert these imperial measurements to the metric units
foot (ft) 3 ft 5 1 yd 1 yard  1 metre
yard (yd) 5 miles  8 km in brackets.
mile. a 6 oz (g) b 16 feet (m) c 10 gallons (ml)
d 87.5 in (cm) e 93.5 lb (kg) f 36 in (m)
• You can measure capacity using g 47 miles (km) h 4.5 pints (ml)
1 gallon  4.5 litres
Calais
pint 8 pints 5 1 gallon 1 pint  0.6 litre 3 The distances, in kilometres, between four places in
gallon. 1 pint  600 ml France are shown on the chart. Cherbourg
Paris

is
1 oz  30 g

g
la
• You can measure mass using

ur
Ca

bo
1 kg  2.2 lb

er
ounce (oz) 16 oz 5 1 lb 461

le
Ch
Grenoble

ob
pound (lb).

en
859 922

Gr

ris
289 354 567

Pa
Use approximations to convert
example

Convert the distances to miles.

a 60 miles to kilometres b 240 ml to pints.
4 Convert these metric measurements to the imperial units
a 5 miles 5 8 km b � 600 in brackets.
1 mile 5 8 4 5 km a 450 g (oz) b 10 cm (in) c 9 litres (pints)
240 ml 5 240 4 600 pints
60 miles 5 60 3 8 4 5 km 1 pint � 600 ml d 36 litres (gallons) e 90 cm (feet) f 1.7 m (in)
5 0.4 pints
5 480 4 5 km g 3.5 kg (lb) h 150 ml (pints)
� 600
5 96 km
Change each saying to a metric equivalent.

activity
a Give him an inch and he will take a yard.
• When you measure a quantity, the measurement can kg 1 quart 5 2 pints
never be exact. You give the measurement to the 10 20 30 b You can’t get a quart into a pint pot.
appropriate degree of accuracy. c A miss is a good as a mile.
The measurement can be
d I wouldn’t touch it with a ten-foot barge pole.
given as 20 kg.
7b e An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
The population of Tahiti is 151 000. Find some more sayings with imperial units and
The area of China is 36 000 km2. change them to their metric equivalents.
The length of the Humber Bridge is 2220 m.
The Loch Ness Monster is worth £5 000 000 a year
to tourism in Scotland.
None of these measurement are exact.

94 Geometry Measures Measures 2 95

 Consolidation

1 Choose the most sensible estimate for these.    7 Calculate the area of these shapes.
6a

6c
a the capacity of a medicine bottle 20 ml 200 ml 2 litres State the units of your answers.
b the length of a badminton court 13.4 cm 13.4 m 13.4 km a b 7.5 cm c
c the mass of a person 6 kg 60 kg 600 kg 16 mm
d the area of a window 1 mm2 1 cm2 1 m2 8 cm 6.5 m
e the volume of a tennis ball 14 cm3 140 cm3 1400 cm3
11.5 cm 18 m
2 How many square millimetres are there in one square centimetre?
Draw an accurate diagram to show your working.
   8 Calculate the circumference of these circles.

6d
3 Convert these metric measurements to the units in brackets. Use  5 3.14.
a 67 mm (cm) b 850 g (kg) a r 5 6 cm r
3 3
c 8 m (cm ) d 1 km (mm) d
b r 5 8.5 m
e 400 g (kg) f 7.5 ha (m2) c d 5 15 cm
g 3.5 m (mm) h 75 000 cl (litres) d d 5 11 cm
2 2
i 5 m (cm ) j 18 tonnes (kg) e r 5 2.75 cm
   9
A coin with a diameter of 25 mm is rolled along a table.
4 Convert these imperial measurements to the metric units in brackets
6b

Calculate
using approximations.
a the circumference
a 2.5 oz (g) b 7 pints (ml)
b the distance travelled in metres during
c 12 in (cm) d 40 in (cm)
20 complete rotations.
e 154 lb (kg) f 35 miles (km)
Use  5 3.14.
g 8.5 pints (litres) h 2.5 gallons (ml)
5 Convert these metric measurements to the imperial units in brackets
 10 Calculate the area of these circles.

6e
using approximations.
Use  5 3.14.
a 160 cm (in) b 3.9 litres (pints) r
a r 5 7 cm d
c 84 km (miles) d 48 kg (lb)
b r 5 3.5 m
e 45 g (oz) f 49.5 litres (gallons)
c r 5 9.5 cm
g 8.4 m (feet) h 2100 ml (pints)
d d 5 11 cm
e d 5 25 cm
6 The area of the rectangle and the triangle are the same.
6c

11 A circumcircle is drawn for a regular hexagon.

Calculate the value of h.
The hexagon has a perimeter of 36 cm.

Calculate the area of the circle.
18 cm h
Use  5 3.14.
36 cm 48 cm

102 Geometry Measures Consolidation 103

 6 Summary
Assessment criteria
• Use the formula for the area of a rectangle and a parallelogram Level 6
• Know and use the formulae for the circumference and the area of a
circle Level 6

1 The triangle and the parallelogram have the same area.

Level 6

M M– M+ ON
C CE % X

a b
7 8 9 –
4 5 6 ÷
1 2 3
=
0 +

h 6 cm

15 cm 10 cm
Find the value of h.

Ritu’s answer 4

1
Area of triangle = _​ 2 ​× 15 × h
Area of parallelogram = 6 × 10
= 60 cm2 Ritu knows the two areas
1 are equal.
So ​ _2 ​× 15 × h = 60
7.5 h = 60
h = 60 ÷ 7.5 Ritu checks that the area
h = 8 cm of the triangle is 60 cm2
1_
Area of triangle = ​ 2 ​× 15 × 8 = 60 cm2

2 a The cross-section of a cylindrical cotton reel is a circle. 3 cm

Level 6

The diameter of this circle is 3 cm.

What is the circumference of this circle?

b 91 metres of cotton goes round the cotton reel. 3 cm

About how many times does the cotton go round
the reel?
Show your working, and give your answer to the
nearest ten.

Key Stage 3 2004 5–7 Paper 2

104 Geometry Measures