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Read this Passage in English and answer the
Questions given below…
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, and also known by the
pseudonyms Nikolai Lenin and N. Lenin, (April 22
[O.S. April 10] 1870 - January 21, 1924), was a
Russian revolutionary, a communist politician, the
main leader of the October Revolution, the first head
of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and from
1922, the first de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
His contributions to Marxist theory are commonly
referred to as Leninism. Born in Simbirsk, Russian
Empire (now Ulyanovsk), Lenin was the son of Ilya
Nikolaevich Ulyanov and Maria Alexandrovna
Ulyanova. His father was a successful Russian offi-
cial in public education who wanted democracy. The
family was of mixed ethnicity, his ancestry being
"Russian, Kalmyk, Jewish (see Blank family),
German, and Swedish, and possibly others" accord-
ing to biographer Dmitri Volkogonov. Lenin was bap-
tized into the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1886, Lenin’s father died of a cerebral hemor-
rhage, and, in May 1887, when Lenin was 17 years
old, his eldest brother Alexander was arrested and
hanged for participating in a terrorist bomb plot
threatening the life of Tsar Alexander III. His sister
11
Anna, who was with Alexander at the time of his
arrest, was banished to his family estate in the vil-
lage of Kokushkino, about 40 km from Kazan. This
event radicalized Lenin, and his official Soviet biog-
raphies describe it as being central to the revolution-
ary track of his life. It is also significant, perhaps, that
this emotional upheaval transpired in the same year
as that which saw him enroll at the Kazan State
University. A famous painting by Belousov, "We Will
Follow a Different Path,"reprinted in millions of
Soviet textbooks, depicted young Lenin and his
mother grieving the loss of his elder brother. The
phrase "We will follow a different path" refers to
Lenin’s choosing a Marxist approach to popular rev-
olution, instead of anarchist or individualist methods.
As Lenin became interested in Marxism, he was
involved in student protests and was subsequently
arrested. He was then expelled from Kazan
University for his political ideas. He continued to
study independently, however, and it was during this
period of exile that he first familiarized himself with
Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. Lenin was later permitted to
continue his studies, this time at the University of
Saint Petersburg, and, by 1891, had been admitted
to the Bar.
He also distinguished himself in Latin and Greek,
and learned German, French and English. His
knowledge of the latter two languages was limited:
he relied on Inessa Armand to translate an article
into French and into English in 1917. In the same
year he also wrote to S. N. Ravich in Geneva "I am
unable to lecture in French."
Lenin practiced as a lawyer for some years in
Samara, a port on the Volga river, before moving to
St Petersburg in 1893. Rather than pursuing a legal
career, he became increasingly involved in revolu-
tionary propaganda efforts, joining the local Marxist
group. On December 7, 1895, Lenin was arrested,
held by authorities for fourteen months and then
released and exiled to the village of Shushenskoye
in Siberia, where he mingled with such notable
Marxists as Georgy Plekhanov, who had introduced
socialism to Russia. In July 1898, Lenin married father?
socialist activist Nadezhda Krupskaya and he pub- a) Cerebral Haemorrage
lished the book The Development of Capitalism in b) he was hanged to death
Russia in April of 1899. In 1900, his exile came to an
c) he was shot dead
end, and he began his travels throughout Russia
d) dog bite
and the rest of Europe. Lenin lived in Zurich, Geneva
113. What was the name of Lenin’s eldest brother?
(where he lectured and studied at Geneva State
a) Ulyanov b) Alexander
University), Munich, Prague, Vienna, Manchester
and London, and, during this time, he co-founded c) Ulyanova d) none

the newspaper Iskra ("The Spark") with Julius 114. What does the phrase We will follow the differ-
Martov, who later became a leading opponent. He ent path mean?
also wrote several articles and books related to the a) The Marxist path b) The path of anarchy
revolutionary movement, striving to recruit future c) The path of violence d) The path of salvation
Social Democrats. He began using various aliases, 115. What was Lenin doing before shifting himself to
finally settling upon ’Lenin’ - ’N. Lenin’ in full.
St.Petersburg?
Lenin was active in the Russian Social
a) Practicing law b) Lazing it out
Democratic Labor Party and, in 1903, led the
c) Exiled d) enjoying married life
Bolshevik faction after a split with the Mensheviks.
The names ’Bolshevik’, or ’Majority’, and 116. Which was the village to which Lenin was

’Menshevik’, or ’Minority’, referred to the narrow out- exiled after his arrest in 1895.
voting of the Mensheviks in the decision to limit party a) Shushenkoya b) Leningrad
membership to revolutionary professionals, rather c) Moscow d) don’t know
than including sympathizers. The division was 117. Who was Julius Martov?
inspired partly by Lenin’s pamphlet What Is to Be a) Co-founder of Spark b) Lenin’s disciple
Done? (1901-02), which focused on his revolution-
c) Czar’s secret agent d) a abetrayor
ary strategy. It is said to have been one of the most
118. Which was the party in which Lenin was active?
influential pamphlets in pre-revolutionary Russia,
a) Communist Party
with Lenin himself claiming that three out of five
b) Social democratic labour party
workers had either read it or had had it read to
them.[6] In 1906, Lenin was elected to the Presidium c) Republican Party

of the RSDLP - but, almost from then right up until d) Democratic party
the revolutions of 1917, he spent the majority of his 119. What was the title of the pamphlet written by
time exiled in Europe, where, despite a hard and bit- Lenin in 1901-02?
ter existence, he managed to continue his political a) Revolution b) What is to be done
writings. c) The traitors d)Bolesheviks are heroes.
111. What was Lenin’s contribution to the theory of 120. Which was the year in which the Russian
Marxism called? revolution took place?
a) Bolshevism b) Leninism a) 1919 b) 1917 c) 1921 d) 1857
c) Menshevism d) none
112. What was the cause of the death of Lenin’s
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1. CPI condemns Rice's statement on improved diet in India
New Delhi, May 1 (PTI) The CPI today strongly criti-
cised US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice for
attributing the global food crisis on improved diets of
people in India and China, saying Americans were the
highest consumers in the world. "Condoleezza Rice
says the reason for the food crisis in the world is that the
people of India and China have started eating more. But
Americans are the highest consumers in the world," CPI
national secretary D Raja said here at a seminar. "Even
in global warming, the US has the highest carbon emis-
sion rate in the world," he pointed out. Raja said the
demand for food was going up in the country because
the population was increasing.
"The question is, who is eating this food. A very small
÷«ô¢ª\õª: 75
3”25=75 ÷«ô¢ª\õª
proportion of the population in India is actually well fed,"
he added. The Left leader said the recent Arjun
Sengupta committee report noted that about 80 per cent
of workers in the unorganised sector earn less than Rs
20 a day. "Of course, Rice does not know this, but we
know. That is why we are asking the Government that
claims to work for the common man what is it doing for
them," Raja said.
Rice had said the "improvement in the diets of people
in India and China", forcing the governments there to
keep food "inside", is a cause for the current global sup-
ply shortage.

2. 12 killed in Lanka clashes

Colombo, May 1 (PTI) At least six rebels and an equal number of security personnel were killed in fierce clashes
in the embattled northern Sri Lanka, officials said today.
Two LTTE cadres were gunned down and 14 others injured when troops launched an attack to capture rebel
bunkers in North Janakapura area yesterday, the Media Centre for National Security (MCNS) said. Two soldiers
were also killed in the gunbattle, it said. A Tiger militant was killed at Vallipale area in Vavuniy yesterday while two
soldiers also lost their lives when their tractor was hit by a mine in Panichchankulam in the region, officials
said.Separately, two police officers of the Special Special Task Force (STF) at Kebithigollewa in North-central Sri
Lanka were killed in a claymore mine explosion this morning, the Defence Ministry said. Two LTTE cadres were also
killed in the incident, it said. At least one tiger militant was killed in a clash with security forces in Muhamale in Jaffna
peninsula yesterday, it said.

3. Sacking judges an act of tyranny, says Nawaz

Dubai, May 1 (PTI) Pakistan’s ruling coalition partners PPP and PML-N today made some progress in talks here
to clinch a deal for reinstating deposed judges, as former premier Nawaz Sharif described their removal by President
Pervez Musharraf as "an act of tyranny".
With the 30-day deadline for restoring the judges expiring yesterday, senior leaders of the two parties, including
Sharif and PPP co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari, are trying hard to sort out their differences on modalities. Some
progress was made during the talks, but there were unresolved issues, Sharif said adding, he expects the negotia-
tions to conclude today. The PML-N is insisting on restoration of judges by an executive order whereas the PPP is
in favour of a constitutional package. "The restoration of judges should not be linked to any bill or any constitution-
al package," Sharif told reporters.

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