Answer Key

Unit 1
Reflective Questions
(Personal opinion)
Assignment 1.2.1. F2F assignment
(Personal opinion)
1.2.2. Reading – Stereotypes
1. prejudice and cliché
2. C
3. I.F II.T III.T IV.F
4. C
1.2.3. Grammar
Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words
e.g. We can get into the house only if you have a key.
can Only if you have a key can we get into the house.
1. If the film has stereotypes, we’ll choose another one.
get Should ………………………………………………… , we’ll choose another one.
(the film have stereotypes)
2. He had just entered when the telephone rang.
sooner No ………………………………………………… the telephone rang.
(sooner had he entered than)
3. He visits us so rarely that I can hardly remember what he looks like.
visit So ………………………………………………… that I can hardly remember what he looks like.
(rarely does he visit us)
4. Jane works so hard that I’m sure she’ll be promoted soon and make a documentary about
stereotypes.
does So ………………………………………………… that I’m sure she’ll be promoted soon and make a
documentary about stereotypes.
(hard does Jane work)
5. If you had been there, you would have enjoyed it.
been Had …………………………………………………, you would have enjoyed it.
(you been there)
6. He spoke to me only after I spoke to him.
speak Only after I spoke to him ………………………………………………… to me.
(did he speak)
7. Mark won’t get on a plane under any circumstances.
will Under ………………………………………………… on a plane.
(no circumstances will he get)
8. I realised who she was only after a few minutes.
realise Only after a few minutes ………………………………………………… she was.
(did I realise who)
9. She didn’t know that not all French men were romantic.
did Little ………………………………………………… not all French men were romantic.
(did she know that)
10. He didn’t laugh once all evening. He felt insulted by those political stereotype jokes.
did Not ………………………………………………… all evening. He felt insulted by those political
stereotype jokes.
(once did he laugh)
11. They scarcely talk to each other anymore.
do Scarcely ………………………………………………… each other anymore.
(do they talk to)
12. This Chinese restaurant rarely gets so crowded. Many people are prejudiced about them
using all sorts of meat.
get Seldom ………………………………………………… so crowded. Many people are prejudiced
about them using all sorts of meat.
(does this Chinese restaurant get)
13. If he had read the important aspects of their culture, he wouldn’t have insulted them
with his biased questions.
he Had ………………………………………………… have insulted them with his biased questions.
(he read the important aspects of their culture, he wouldn’t)
14. She was so happy that she decided to celebrate.
she So ………………………………………………… she decided to celebrate.
(happy was she that)
15. This is the only way that we can be sure we are right.
in Only ………………………………………………… be sure that we are right.
(in this way we can)
16. If he notices anything, we’ll be in trouble
notice Should …………………………………………………, we’ll be in trouble.
(he notice anything)
17. Jane forgot to read about the culture and about the history of Tibet too.
did Jane didn’t remember to read about the culture; ………………………………………………… to
read about the history of Tibet.
(nor did she remember)
18. He was so scared that he could hardly breathe.
fear Such ………………………………………………… he could hardly breathe.
(was his fear that/fear did he feel that)
19. She performed so well that she won an Oscar.
perform So ………………………………………………… that she won an Oscar.
(well did she perform)
20. Thailand is warmer and cheaper than England.
only Not ………………………………………………… than England, it is cheaper, too.
(only is Thailand warmer)
21. If I were you, I would not judge him with what you have heard from others.
you Were ………………………………………………… judge him with what you have heard from
others.
(I you, I’d not)
22. The weather hasn’t been this warm since last summer.
has Not since last summer ………………………………………………… this warm.
(has the weather been)

Source: Evans, V., FCE Use of English, 1998. Express Publishing: Blackpill
1.2.4. Listening
Stereotypes lead you to assume consistencies which don’t really exist, exert powerful
influence on any further information that is received regarding the culture. They are formed
in a long time and are changed very slowly. As a result many wrong impressions are given to
different culture due stereotypes.
1.2.5. Writing (Personal Opinion)

Unit 2
Reflective Questions
1. Cultural stereotypes: a fixed impression which may have little basis in fact, but is
nevertheless perpetuated by persons unwilling to look more deeply in the matter. This
means that a person has an opinion about somebody before he has even met him.
2. (Personal opinion)
3. minority: any small group in society that is different from the rest with reference to their
race, religion or politic beliefs.
4. (Personal opinion)
5. (Personal opinion)
6. The individual approach has focused on how stereotypes are learned through direct
interaction with others.
7. Cultural approaches consider the ways that stereotypes are learned, transmitted, and
changed through indirect sources – information gained from parents, peers, political and
religious leaders, and the mass media.
2.1.1 Discussions
1. (Personal opinion)
2. Stereotypes are learned, maintained, and potentially changed through the language and
culture.
3. (Personal opinion)
4. (Personal opinion)
5. Through education.
6. Positively or negatively
7. Humiliating
2.1.2. When does a label become a stereotype?
When people start believing it.
2.2.1. Discussion Questions
1. the mass media, literature, television, movies, newspapers, e-mail, leaflets, bumper
stickers.
2. Where certain information travels easily.
3. Because most television programs are short, the identities of characters must be
established as quickly as possible.
4. Stereotypes are less real, more perfect (or imperfect) and more predictable than their
real-life counterparts.
5. (Personal opinion)
2.2.2 / 2.2.3 (Personal opinion/conclusion)
2.3.1. Reading – Stereotypes on Television
A.
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B
8. A
B.
1. When he was 7 years old (when they had to move to the States)
2. It would mean they had to hop on a plane.
3. He thought that Texas meant cowboys, saloons, bad guys, sheriffs, and Indians.
4. People from his father’s work told his father that his services were better needed in
Chicago.
5. “Make sure that you don’t run into Al over there.” It was funny because Chicago made
them think of Al Capone since Chicago was known for Al Capone and gangsters.
6. Serge means that many groups and places shown on TV do not represent the reality.
2.3.2.
(Personal opinion)
e.g: a stepmother: angry, ugly, unfriendly
a sheriff: powerful, handsome, muscled
a cop: serious, muscled, strong
a grandmother: old, lovely, friendly, emotional
a mafia boss: serious-looking, angry, scary, Italian
a criminal: strong, unreliable
immigrants: dark-skinned, broken language use, poor.
2.3.3. /2.3.4. /2.3.5.
(Personal opinion)
2.3.6.
e.g.:
“Little did Jones know that he would be chased by Nazis.”
“Not only is Jones fast, but he is also funny.”
Unit 3
Reflective Questions
1. / 2. / 4. /5. /6.(Personal opinion)
3. Gender stereotype: simplistic generalizations about the gender attributes, differences,
and roles of individuals and/or groups.
3.2.1. Face to Face assignment (Personal opinion)
3.2.2. / 3.2.3. / 3.2.5. (Personal opinion)
3.2.4. Senile behaviour: forgetful, repeating the same subjects
3.2.5. Grammar
Rewrite the sentences as in the example giving emphasis to the words in bold.

e.g: Mary sent this card.

“It was Mary who sent this card.”

1. Judy made the presentation about physical attractiveness stereotypes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(It was Judy who/that made the presentation about physical attractiveness stereotypes.)

2. Did you lock the front door?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(Was it you who/that locked the front door?)

3. You need a long rest.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(A long rest is what you need.)

4. The producer needs some new ideas.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(What the producer needs is some new ideas.)

5. Mary told jokes about ethnical stereotypes last night.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(It was Mary who told jokes about ethnical stereotypes last night)

6. Where did you go on holiday last year?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(Wherever did you go on holiday last year?)

7. Why are you always criticising your neighbours?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(Why is that you are always criticising your neighbours?)

8. It doesn’t matter what he does, he always makes mistakes.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(Whatever he does, he always makes mistakes.)

9. He bought a new ring for her.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(He did buy a new ring for her. / He did buy her a new ring.)

10. Are you angry with Jim?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(Is it Jim with whom you are angry?/ Is it Jim who you are angry with?)

11. Mr. Brody called the police.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(It was Mr Brody who called the police.)

12. When are you moving house?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….. .
(When is it that you are moving house?)

Source: Evans, V., FCE Use of English, 1998. Express Publishing: Blackpill

Unit 4
Reflective Questions
1. Ethnic stereotypes: a system of belief about typical characteristics of members of a given
ethnic group or nationality, their status, society, and cultural norms.
2. Stereotypes, in colonial times, provided a rationale for enslavement of blacks.
3. Visuals present physical and behavioural features that affect our perception, often
evoking stereotypes. If there is a member of an ethnic group, the stereotypes may be
activated automatically, even if unintentionally.
4. / 5. (Personal opinion)
4.2.1. Reading – The American’s Guide to France (test)
1. B 2. All of them 3.a. T (All French people drive like lunatics.)
b. T (one continuing exasperation for American visitors is that local people insist on speaking
in French, though many will speak English if shouted at.
c. T (watch your money all the time)
d. T (French hardly work at all)
e.T (if they aren’t spending 4 hours dawdling over lunch, they are on strike and blocking the
roads with their trucks and tractors.)
f. T (France is an old country with many treasures.)
4. They eat weird things and the edible ones are difficult to pronounce.
5. France (at least it isn’t Germany)
6. (Personal opinion)
4.2.2. Discussion Questions
(Personal opinion)
4.2.3.
(Personal opinion)

4.2.4 Jokes
1. The first joke is about the Spanish, French, English, Italian, Greek, and the Turks. The
second joke is about Russians and Germans. (Whether they are typical is a personal opinion)
2. (Personal opinion)
3. Those who tell jokes with stereotyping in them generally feel superior to those they’re
stereotyping (since so many stereotyped jokes and other forms involve insults and ridicule)
4. Aristotle argued that humor involved “an imitation of men worse than average.” Hobbes:
“The passion of laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from a sudden conception
of some eminency in ourselves by comparison with the infirmity of others, or with our own
formerly.”
5. / 6. (Personal opinion)
4.2.5. Grammar
Complete the sentences using the words in bold.

1. You should never press the red button on the telephone.

circumstances …………………………………. press the red button on the telephone.)

(Under no circumstances should you.)
2. He didn’t know that Jack had planned a surprise party.
did Little …………………………………. Jack had planned a surprise party.
(Little did he know that)
3. You haven’t paid last month’s phone bill.
that It …………………………………. paid last month’s phone bill.
(is you that/who hasn’t)
4. Tom is the person who made all this possible.
who It …………………………………. all this possible.
(is Tom who made)
5. He rarely goes out at the weekends.
go Seldom …………………………………. at the weekends.
(does he go out)
6. I won’t be at home before Monday.
after Only …………………………………. at home.
(after Monday will I be)
7. Why were you late for work today?
that Why …………………………………. were late for work today?
(was/is it that you)
8. It is impossible for him to find fifty thousand pounds to pay the ransom.
can On no account …………………………………. to pay the ransom.
(can he find fifty thousand pounds)
9. You’ll find a good job if you are lucky nowadays.
will Only if …………………………………. find a good job nowadays.
(you are lucky will you)
10. His father cooked the dinner on Thursday night.
who It …………………………………. the dinner on Thursday night.
(was his father who cooked)
11. He met his wife while on holiday in Italy.
that It was while he was …………………………………. he met his wife.
(on holiday in Italy)
12. If I were you, I would not jump to conclusions so soon.
you Were …………………………………. jump to conclusions so soon.
(I you, I wouldn’t)

Source: Evans, V., FCE Use of English, 1998. Express Publishing: Blackpill
Unit 5
Reflective Questions
1. (Personal opinion)
2. Stereotypes are destructive because they limit our potential.
3. (Personal opinion) (e.g.: we feel that we must perform specific roles in order to be
accepted in society.)
4. E.g.: Act like a Lady (Personal opinion)
5. (Personal opinion) (e.g.: feels alienated)
6. (Personal opinion) (e.g.: traditional female jobs: nurse, nanny, secretary etc. Traditional
male jobs: mechanic, engineer, driver etc.)
5.1.1. Discussion Questions
1. Women are shown as people who are responsible for cleaning, cooking, and taking care of
babies/kids.
2. The toys for girls are dolls, kitchen (gadgets), beauty sets: make up, hair dryer etc. These
toys encourage girls to be stereotypical women as in the advertisements.
3. Because kids see in the commercials that women always clean, cook and take care of
children. Thus, when they’re asked which doll cleans the house, they choose the female one.
4. (Personal opinion)

5.1.2. Reading – Gender Roles

1. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused,
assertive, and independent. Women have been shown as low-position workers, loving wives
and mothers, responsible for raising children and doing housework.
2. Men and women are considered in a different way. Now, a family is based rather on a
partnership than on patriarchy. Moreover, women have more rights and possibilities on the
labour market.
3. Feminists
4. (social institutions such as) mass media.
5. According to McLuhan, mass media affects people’s lives by shaping their opinions,
attitudes, and beliefs.
6. Nowadays, the differences between men and women in real life are smaller. On the other
hand, mass media still perpetuates traditional gender stereotypes. This fact tells us that
media doesn’t reflect the reality and chooses to use the easiest (old) ways to introduce
characters.
B. Vocabulary
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D
5.1.3. Grammar

Answer

The people of Sawston were evacuated yesterday as forest fires headed

towards the town. Such was the heat of the oncoming inferno that trees more
than 100 metres ahead began to smoulder. Only once in recent years, during
1994, has a town of this size had to be evacuated because of forest fires. A fleet
of coaches and lorries arrived in the town in the early morning. Into these
vehicles climbed the sick and elderly, before they headed off to safety across
the river. Residents with cars were ordered to leave by mid morning. Later in
the day, as the wind changed direction and it became clear that the fire would
leave Sawston untouched, complaints were heard from some residents. "At no
time did the fires pose a real threat," said one local man. "I didn't want to leave
my home, and nor did most of my neighbours." But Chief Fire Officer Jones
replied, "Had we not taken this action, lives would have been put at risk. Only
when the fires have moved well away from the town will residents be allowed
to return to their homes."

5.1.4. Writing
(Personal opinion)
Unit 6
Reflective Questions
1. (Personal opinion) (e.g.: The physical attractiveness stereotype is a term that
psychologists use to refer to the tendency to assume that people who are physically
attractive also possess other socially desirable personality traits.
2. (Personal opinion)
3. Good guys are characterized as young and beautiful. Bad guys are ugly.
4. (Personal opinion)
5. (Personal opinion) (e.g.: halo effect: a cognitive bias in which an observer’s overall
impression of a person, company, or product influences the observer’s feelings and thoughts
about that entity’s character or properties.
6. (Personal opinion)
6.1.1. Video/Listening – Killing Us Softly
1. No, it gets worse.
2. They feel ashamed and guilty.
3. Her looks are created and these days this can be done through the magic of computer
retouching.
4. Eye lines softened, chin trimmed, complexion cleaned up, neck lines removed.
5. By using their bodies for advertisements, such as a bottle, computer game, car. The
person is dehumanized and violence becomes inevitable.
6. To make a statement against obsessiveness of looking attractive.
7. Public health problem.
6.1.2. Reading – “The Beautiful, The Blumic, and The Dead”
1. Because they go to almost any lengths to enhance their physical appearance.
2. For the sake of beauty.
3. Especially teens try to look like their favourite stars by refusing to eat properly; they get
obsessed with thinness.
4. Follow-up exercise – Writing (Personal opinion)
6.1.3. / 6.1.4.
(Personal opinion)