SURAT PERNYATAAN

Saya yang bertandatangan di bawah ini dengan sebenarnya menyatakan

bahwa tugas makalah ini saya susun tanpa tindakan plagiarisme sesuai dengan
peraturan yang berlaku di Universitas Riau. Jika dikemudian hari ternyata saya
melakukan tindakan plagiarisme, saya akan bertanggung jawab sepenuhnya dan
menerima sanksi yang dijatuhkan oleh Universitas Riau kepada saya.

Pekanbaru, Agustus 2017

Sonya Noviana
DAFTAR ISI

JUDUL.................................................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN.............................................................................. ii

KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. viii

PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1

DEFENISI ............................................................................................................. 2

MEKANISME NEUROFISIOLOGI SESAK NAPAS...................................... 2

BENTUK SESAK NAPAS................................................................................. 15

KUALITAS SESAK NAPAS............................................................................. 15

SESAK NAPAS PADA PENYAKIT PARU..................................................... 17

PENILAIAN SESAK NAPAS............................................................................ 19

PENGUKURAN SESAK NAPAS...................................................................... 20

KESIMPULAN.................................................................................................... 24
DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Neurofisiologi sesak napas.................................................................... 3

Gambar 2. Kemoreseptor sentral............................................................................. 4

Gambar 3. Kemoreseptor periper............................................................................ 5

Gambar 4. Mekanisme kemoreseptor..................................................................... 6

Gambar 5. Jaras aferen sesak napas........................................................................ 8

Gambar 6. Jaras aferen otot pernapasan................................................................ 11

Gambar 7. Neofisiologi sesak napas..................................................................... 13

Gambar 8. Skala analog visual.............................................................................. 20

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Sumber aferen sensasi sesak napas......................................................... 14

Tabel 2. Skala kategori Borg modifikasi .............................................................. 21

Tabel 3. Skala sesak napas MRC.......................................................................... 22

Tabel 4. Skala sesak napas nMRC dari ATS........................................................ 23