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NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA

2018
2018
 CONTENTS

NOTIFICATION 2

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 3

TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA 4

SUBJECTS OF STUDY 6

ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS 16

GENERAL INFORMATION 20

EXTENSION PROGRAMME 24

FESTIVALS 26

SANSKAR RANG TOLI 28

REPERTORY COMPANY 29

FACULTY 34

ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF 39

 NOTIFICATIONS
Notification by the Government of India Notification by Association of Indian Universities,
Ministry of Education and Culture, Recognizing Recognizing the Diploma
the Diploma
SEAL
No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7
Telegrams: 'UNIBOARD'
Government of India ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Ministry of Education & Culture Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002
(Department of Education)
New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980
NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395 19 October 1981
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
R.P. Monga

On the recommendation of the Board of Assessment of Section Officer

Educational Qualifications, the Government of India
has decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi
after the three years course, for the purpose of
recruitment to superior posts and services, under the
Central Government where specialization in the field of
Dramatics is required.
Sd- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)
DIRECTOR (TECH.)
Dear Shri Karanth,
Please refer to my letter of even number dated 14th May
1981.
The Equivalence Committee of this Association at its
meeting held on 12th October 1981, considered the
question of equivalence of the Diploma in Dramatics
awarded by the National School of Drama, New Delhi. I

To
1. All the Ministries and Departments of Government of
India.
2. All State Governments and Union Territories
(Education Departments)
3. The Four Regional Offices of the Ministry of Education
and Culture.
4. All Directors of Technical Education.
5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare
copies).
6. Staff Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok
Nayak Bhawan, New Delhi.
7. All State Public Service Commissions.
8. Association of Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya
Marg, New Delhi.
9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry of Education), Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi.
10. All Boards of Apprenticeship Trainings.
TRUE COPY
2 3
am giving below the resolution adopted thereon.
“Resolved that those who have a B.A. degree and have
obtained a Diploma in Dramatics from the National
School of Drama, New Delhi be considered as having
obtained an M.A. degree and as such be eligible for
appointment as teachers in colleges and universities
and for purpose of registration to Ph.D.”
Yours Sincerely
Sd/-
(R.P. Monga)
Shri B.V. Karanth,
Director, National School of Drama
Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road
New Delhi-110001
NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world and
the only one of its kind in India. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit of the Sangeet Natak
Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an
autonomous organization under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, fully financed by the
Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
The School offers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course of training in theatre and
the allied arts. Successful candidates are awarded a diploma in dramatic arts after completion
of the course. Training is based on a carefully-planned syllabus which covers every aspect of
theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As part of the training, students are required
to produce plays that are then performed before a public audience.
The School has two performing wings: the Repertory Company, which started in 1964 and the
Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was found in 1989. On completion
of the three-year diploma course, successful candidates may be considered for enrolment into
either of these two Companies or they may work on a project or dissertation on theatre for which
fellowships of a year's duration are granted. The Extension Programme of the School, under
which workshops for adults and children are conducted in various parts of the country, was
launched in 1978.
 TRAINING AT THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
The central aim of the course is to prepare students for the practice of theatre. To this end, a variety of
practical skills need to be developed and a corpus of knowledge needs to be acquired. While all areas of
study are assessed separately and a high standard of work demanded in each, the primary objective of the
course is to develop creativity and imaginative expression within the collective framework of a group.
The National School of Drama offers a three-year, full-time diploma course in the dramatic arts for students
intending to make theatre their profession.
4 5
The FIRST year is divided into two semesters. The first semester (July–December) is devoted to the basics of
acting, design, direction, theatre history, literature & aesthetics. In the second semester the same subjects are
studied in detail.
The SECOND Year the students choose their area of specialization. This year is also broadly divided into two
semesters: the third and fourth. The third and fourth semesters cover Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics,
Acting (specialization), Direction(specialization) and Theatre Techniques and Design (specialization).
The THIRD Year syllabus aims at giving students advanced training in their area of specialization: Acting OR
Direction OR Theatre Techniques and Design.
SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DRAMATIC LITERATURE WORLD DRAMA
MODERN INDIAN DRAMA The history and major play texts of world drama, with an emphasis on Asian, European,
American, African and Latin American Dramatic Literature and Performances
Development of modern Indian theatre from the
mid-19th century with an emphasis on the THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
contemporary theatre scene Development of theatre in the East with special emphasis on theatre forms in the
Regional language theatre: theory and practice Natyashastra, as well as in Southeast Asia
CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA CULTURE STUDIES
Classical Indian drama and aesthetics A study of cultural expressions incorporating visual art, film, media, music, sound etc. from
various theoretical positions
History of Sanskrit drama
Detailed analysis of selected Sanskrit plays and
their interpretation in terms of their dramatic
structures as laid down in the Natyashastra, their
performances and audiences in the ancient period
and their significances in contemporary theatre
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
ACTING
VOICE AND SPEECH
How the voice works i.e. exercises to
achieve a free settled natural voice so that the
voice is capable of variety of volumes, qualities
and pitches
Working with text and subtext and finding
tonal qualities and speech characterization
Knowledge of different styles of speech
i.e. from Traditional, Classical to Modern
Contemporary theatre
YOGA
Physical fitness, an increased degree of
alertness, grace with concentration and
maximum use of voice capabilities, achieved
through the practice of asanas, kriyas and
pranayam
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MOVEMENT
Modern movement trends: theory and
practice
Learning the principles of Shilpashastra
and Natyashastra
• Expression of human experience and
activities through body language such as
gestures, postures and movements
• Abhinaya (stylized acting) through
physiological observation and expression
of persons and objects
THEATRE MUSIC
Enhancing the musical sensibility of students through the knowledge of various sounds and rhythmic
patterns, evolved from the texts of different play
Inculcating a sense of stage music in aesthetic terms and as a 'total theatre' concept based on theatre
specific uses
ACTING & IMPROVISATION
Drawing out, moulding and refining individual talent by shaping the actors' bodies and voices,
sharpening their imagination and sensitivities and tapping their emotional resources
Enhancing environmental and experiential awareness. Helping to establish acting skills and techniques
Teaching and familiarizing students with the major codified theories and methods of acting
9
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DIRECTION
The aim is to develop the knowledge of and
consciousness about how artistic practice and socio-
political awareness are connected to each other. The
training underlines the theoretical, conceptual and
structural issues relating to the dynamics of
performances. The course enables students to apply
their own analytical method of directing performances
with social connect having a high professional standard.

Studies of spaces, site & architecture. Studies of audience & spectatorship. Studies of various aspects and
approaches of design, acting & play writing. Understanding of Literature & Literary theories, sound & music,
visual art, cinema, media, Social-political and cultural understanding, Rasa-bhava relationship etc.
History of Direction
Principle of Direction
Textual analysis
Forms, styles & genres of plays
Streams of direction
Contribution of major directors, both in India and abroad & their specialities
Different Processes of Directors
Relationship of director, actor, writer & designer
Methodology of evolving Theatre language
10 71
11
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
DESIGN & THEATRE TECHNIQUE
History of Theatre Design
Basic principles of Theatre Design
Theatre Design theory.
Space, genre, style of Theatre Design
Study of Scenic Arts, theatre building, scenic construction,
various forms & styles of Theatre Design.
Theatre Design & Social connect.
Design for Art & other events.
Understanding the basics of Direction.
Understanding the basics of Acting & Play writing.
Lighting, Sound, Costume, Set, Make-up, Multimedia.
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THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
Evolution of theatre forms and stage designs in the West from the Greek to the
Modern period.
Contemporary theatre architecture and stage design in the East, especially
portable and fixed open-air theatre and other architectural conventions suited
to Indian conditions.
LIGHTING DESIGN
Philosophy & aesthetics of lighting design.
Objectives of lighting.
Lighting plan & equipment
Elementary study of electricity and handling of the Consoles
MAKE-UP
Different styles of make-up: theory and practice
SCENIC DESIGN
Concepts and philosophy behind design
Ideas and methods of stage designers.
Stage construction and stage techniques.
Basics of set-design and making models.
COSTUME DESIGN
History of costume design
Interpretation and styles of costume design
The course aims at nurturing the
audio visual imagination of the
students to apply in theatre and live
events. The students are expected to
achieve a high quality skill and
technique combined with creative
ideas to contribute to contemporary
theatre.
13
69
 SUBJECTS OF STUDY
PRODUCTION

Apart from regular classes, production is an integrated part of the curriculum to teach the following:
Techniques of moving from text to stage Training in the School is based on a thorough, comprehensive and carefully-planned syllabus that covers every
aspect of theatre from theory to practice, and the results of which are put to test before a wide audience. The
Structure of plays, languages of performance
syllabus takes into account the methods of eminent theatre personalities who have shaped contemporary
The art of direction, design and acting. theatre in all its forms and expressions
Understanding of sound, music and visual design
Selection and study of plays It includes broad-based training in Classical Indian and Western dramatic traditions, Indian traditional and folk
Research and extensive field work is a necessary part of production process. theatre, modern theatre trends in India and abroad, introduction of theatre trends of the world and specialized
training in Indian theatre traditions
Productions are done to the public from first year onwards. They may include a Sanskrit/Greek text, play
based on a traditional/folk form, farce, European Renaissance play, Indian and non-Indian modern and
contemporary texts. It is common to students of all specializations The School's faculty and visiting teachers, comprising theatre practitioners from India and abroad, design the
APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP SESSIONS study modules and impart training to students each year. The training includes class room lectures, a series of
intensive workshops, as well as appreciation courses in film and other arts
Apart from the above courses, the School also organizes appreciation courses and workshop sessions on
various aspects of Indian art and culture
14 15
 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS
APPLICATION PROCESS
In the year 2018 twenty-six students will be selected
for the three-year, full-time course in Dramatic Arts.
The candidates should apply in the prescribed
application form.
The process of admission is as follows:
Applicant can choose any one option listed below:
Option 1) : Application form can be filled up online
and submitted at school website
http://www.onlineadmission.nsd.gov.in from
16/03/2018. The form, necessary documents may
also be submitted online, Fee Rs 50/- is to be paid for
filling form online. Last date to fill up online form is
16/04/2018.
Option 2) : Application form can also be downloaded
from the school website www.nsd.gov.in from
16/03/2018. The downloaded application form
must be sent along with Demand Draft of Rs 150/- in
favour of The Director, National School Of Drama,
New Delhi in an envelope titled “ Application for
Admission-2018-21. Form sent in envelopes without
DD/Pay Order will not be entertained.
Option 3) : Application form & prospectus will also be
available from the Book Shop of the National School
of Drama from 16/03/2018 to 16/04/2018 on cash
payment of Rs. 150/- between 10.00 am to 1.00 pm
& 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm on working days.
Option 4) : To receive the application form and
prospectus (in English & Hindi) by post, please write
to The Dean, Academic, National School of Drama,
Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi –
110001 along with a crossed Demand Draft/Pay
Order, payable at Delhi, of Rs. 225/- (Rupees two
hundred twenty five only) including postal charges in
favour of The Director, National School of Drama, New
Delhi. Request for receiving the application form by
post must reach the school by 28/03/2018.
The demand drafts should be crossed ‘Account Payee
only’.
Testimonials, copies of certificates and two recent
passport size-photographs, non-returnable, should
be attached to the application.
Candidates may be requested to produce original
documents/certificates at the time of the interview.
Application forms dully filled in & complete in all
respects must be sent to - The Academic Section,
National School of Drama, Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi-110001
16
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION
1) Graduation in any subject from a recognized
University in India or Abroad
2) Participation in at least 6 theatre productions
3) Working knowledge of Hindi & English
AGE
Age limit as on 1.7.2018 minimum 18 years
maximum 30 years
The upper age limit is relaxable for reserved
category candidates as per GOI rules (5 years for
SC / ST candidates)
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
The medium of instruction is Hindi and or English,
depending on the subject. Plays, however, are
performed mostly in Hindi.
SELECTION PROCESS
The screening of applicants is carried out in two
stages. The preliminary screening comprises of an
audition or practical test and is conducted in New
Delhi along with other centers, usually Guwahati,
Ko l ka t a , Pa t n a , B h u b a n e s wa r, C h e n n a i ,
Bengaluru, Jaipur, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Mumbai
Bhopal
Candidates recommended by the Preliminary
Selection Committee will go through a final round
of selection in New Delhi, which is in the form of a
four to five-day workshop. In this final selection
emphasis will be on the candidate's attitude
towards learning and participating in collective
creation. To make the selection process broad-
based, it is ensured that selected candidates
represent as many states and union territories as
possible. Preference maybe given to applicants
from families traditionally belonging to the
performing arts.
Candidates called for the final round of selection
will be paid TA/DA from their hometown to the
place of interview in Delhi and back, by the shortest
nd
route, after they provide 2 class train/bus tickets,
receipts, etc. They will be given accommodation in
the School hostel.
RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO
SC/ST/OBC (non -creamy layer) /PwD CATEGORIES
Out of twenty-six seats reservation is given as per
government rules.
ADMISSION FOR FOREIGN NATIONAL CANDIDATES
Foreign students may take admission in the course.
However, because of the limited number of seats, it is not
feasible to accommodate more than one or two foreign
students in each session. Such students have to submit
their applications through the Indian Embassy/ High
Commission in their respective countries, who will
forward these to the Indian Council for Cultural Relations
(ICCR) in India. The School will then consider the
application recommended by the ICCR.
Students have to submit their applications in the
prescribed form of Indian Council for Cultural Relations
(ICCR)
RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR RECRUITMENT TO SUPERIOR POSTS
AND SERVICES UNDER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
The Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the School has been recognized by
the Government of India for the purpose of recruitment to superior posts and
services under the Central Government, where specialization is required in
the field of Dramatics. The diploma is equal to a master's degree in dramatics,
and NSD graduates are eligible for appointment as teachers in colleges and
universities as well as for registration in research and doctoral programmes.
OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATES
Training at the National School of Drama is rigorous and requires hard
physical work to acquire professionalism. Students are required to maintain
sound health and possess enough stamina to participate in theatre practice.
Selected candidates are, therefore, required to submit a medical certificate
from a recognized medical authority. Medical fitness is obligatory. The School
reserves the right to get any student checked by a competent medical
authority, in this regard, at any given time. If found unfit it may not be possible
for the School, despite all sympathy, to allow the student to continue his or her
study in the School.
Selected candidates are not permitted to receive any scholarship from any
other source. They are required to furnish an undertaking in the prescribed
form stating non-receipt of scholarship from any other source.
Selected candidates are required to join the School on the first day of the new
session. The School does not accept students who do not join from the very
beginning or who cannot continue for the full period of three years. The new
session usually starts from mid July every year.
17
 ADMISSION-RELATED MATTERS
SCHOLARSHIP
The School awards a scholarship of Rs. 8000 (Rupees eight thousand only) per month to selected candidates.
A student who is awarded such a scholarship by the School will be required:
To execute a bond of Rs. 3,12,000 (Rupees Three Lakh Twelve Thousand Only) to the effect that if he/she
decides to discontinue training before the end of three years, or is made to discontinue on disciplinary
grounds, he/she will then return all the money paid to him/her before such discontinuance.
FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS
Candidates selected for admission will have to pay all fees and other dues, as listed below, before
the opening day, failing which they will not be admitted into the School.
VACATIONS
Each academic year is divided into two semesters, from mid July to mid December, followed by the
winter vacation from mid December to mid January; and from mid January to mid May, followed by
the summer vacation from mid May to mid July.
These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the School in special circumstances.
BOARDING & LODGING
There are separate hostels for girls and boys. Accommodation provided to the students may be on
a room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory for all students to join the hostel.

Admission fee: Rs. 150

Tuition fee: Rs. 150 per month
Students' Union membership fee: Rs. 60 per year
Advance fee for make-up kit: Rs. 2000 (adjustable)
Caution money and library fee deposit: Rs. 9000
(refundable after final settlement of accounts)
Stationery fee: Rs. 1650

HOSTEL, MESS & OTHER MISCELLANEOUS DUES

Hostel rent per seat: Rs. 250 per month
Electricity & water charges: Rs. 150 per month (adjustable as per consumption)
Medical charges: Rs. 100 per month
Mess charges (for lunch and dinner): Rs. 1800 per month (likely to vary every month)
Students are advised to keep an additional provision of Rs.1000 at the time of joining, to cover any
price rise/hike that may occur in the above-mentioned items.
INSURANCE
Selected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance Policy and are required to pay the
premium amount, which may work out to be Rs. 150 to Rs. 200 annually. The School does not take
any other responsibility beyond this insurance cover.
PASSPORT
Selected candidates are advised to get their passport ready before admission to the National
School of Drama, since they may have the opportunity to visit a foreign country to participate in a
festival/performance/seminar under the “Student Exchange Program” of the school.
WORKING HOURS
Classes are normally held from 8 am to 6 pm, with tea and lunch breaks. Rehearsals and other
practical work continue in the evenings till such time as required and also on holidays as the case
may be.

18 19
 GENERAL INFORMATION
ATTENDANCE RULES BAN ON RAGGING
In order to be eligible for their examination, first-year students have to maintain a minimum of 90% Selected candidates and their parents shall give an undertaking in the prescribed form vouching for the good
attendance in all classes (including morning classes) and at rehearsals and productions. Second and third- conduct of the student. Violation of the undertaking would result in appropriate action including
year students will have to maintain a minimum attendance of 75% in classes for each group, i.e. acting, suspension/expulsion. This undertaking is required to be given as per the order of the Hon'ble Supreme Court
production, literature, stagecraft and direction as a whole and 90% attendance at morning classes and dated 04.05.2001 in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the relevant portion of which is quoted below:
rehearsals.
In addition to attendance, punctuality is required for all classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late
attendance for three days or absence from three classes will be treated as equivalent to one full day's
absence.
The above requirement of minimum attendance may, however, be relaxed in exceptional cases at the
discretion of the Director and the Faculty.
The attendance of students at the above percentages will be calculated on a semester basis and any student
failing to fulfill the required level of attendance will not be allowed to appear in the semester examinations.
Such students will have to forfeit the right to continue their studies in the School.
No medical leave for a period exceeding three days will be granted without an authorized medical certificate
from the School's doctor.

OTHER RULES
Students are not allowed to enter into any arrangement for training outside the School.
“Anti-ragging movement should be initiated by the institutions right from the time of advertisement for
Students are not allowed to seek or accept any engagement to appear in public, neither on the amateur or
admissions. The prospectus, the form for admission and/or any other literature issued to aspirants for
professional stage, nor in radio, television or films. They may not seek or accept any employment during their
admission must clearly mention that ragging is banned in the institution and any one indulging in ragging is
term of study.
likely to be punished appropriately which punishment may include expulsion from the institution,
Students must conduct themselves properly in accordance with the rules that govern manners and
suspension from the institution or classes for a limited period or fine with a public apology. The punishment
appearance. Any student found guilty of unbecoming conduct may be suspended or expelled from the
may also take the shape of: (i) withholding scholarships or other benefits (ii) debarring from representation
School.
in events (iii) withholding results (iv) suspension or expulsion from hostel or mess and the like. If there be
Consuming alcohol in the School premises is strictly prohibited.
any legislation governing ragging or any provisions in the Statute/Ordinances they should be brought to the
Students are not allowed to invite visitors or friends to classes, lectures or rehearsals, except with prior
notice of the students/parents seeking admissions.
permission from the Director.
The application form for admission/enrollment shall have a printed undertaking to be filled up and signed
It is obligatory for the students to enact any role that they are handed. They must participate in rehearsals
by the candidate to the effect that he/she is aware of the institution's approach towards ragging and the
and perform the role in the manner required by the teachers or the director of the play.
punishments to which he or she shall be liable if found guilty of ragging. A similar undertaking shall be
Students must acquire all books, material or equipment as directed. Such material is available in the School
obtained from the parent/guardian of the applicant.
stores and its cost is deducted from the students' scholarship.
Such of the institutions as are introducing such a system for the first time shall ensure undertakings being
20 Students have to abide by the hostel, mess and library rules. obtained from the students and their parents/guardians already studying in the institutions before the 21
Students violating rules are liable to severe disciplinary action.
commencement of the next educational year/session.”
 GENERAL INFORMATION
STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT
In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in individual subjects and 50% in the aggregate. If a
The School will supply students, free of charge, a mount board, drawing paper and wood for classroom student fails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will be allowed to appear for the supplementary
purposes only. Any other material will have to be purchased by the students. Each student will be allotted a examination, provided the work in those subjects is not of a collective nature and that he/she has acquired a
locker for his/her material and personal belongings. minimum of 50% marks in the aggregate. Therefore, if the student fails in participating in a production or any
On admission students will have to buy the required notebooks and make-up kit, the total cost of which is Rs. other subject requiring collective work, or if the student has got less than 50% marks in the aggregate, the
3000 approximately. student will not be entitled to appear for the supplementary examination. In such a case, the concerned student
will have to leave the School.

ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTION

Students will be evaluated during the semester and also at the end of each semester. In this evaluation, their
regular work, projects and participation in productions will be considered along with assessment of their
performance during the semester and in the end-semester examination. All evaluations will be taken into The supplementary examination will be held soon after the student fails in that subject. If such an examination is
account from one semester to the next and so on for the final award of the diploma. The marks obtained by held in the first, third and fifth semesters, then the marks obtained in the supplementary examination will be
students at the end of each year will be calculated by adding 50% of the average of total marks obtained by carried over to the year-end examination for calculating the total marks.
them in theory and practical subjects in monthly or periodic tests, to 50% of the total marks obtained by them The Academic Council of the School is the competent authority to change rules as and when deemed fit, after
in the end-semester examination. This will continue every year. An average of the marks will be calculated for reviewing the system and stating reasons for change. Any decision(s) made by the Council will have to be abided
the third and final year, to qualify for the diploma. All assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the by the students.
marking system on the mark sheet (100 marks for each subject).
Students will be promoted to next year at the end of the second and fourth semesters, that is, at the end of
the first and second years. Passing marks will accrue at the end of the sixth semester in the third year. The
final results will carry the candidate's Cumulative Marking Point Average (aggregate marks).
22 23
 EXTENSION PROGRAMME
SIKKIM THEATRE TRAINING CENTRE
Extending its training programmes to the North-Eastern parts of the country, the
National School of Drama has established Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok,
Sikkim in 2011. It offers one year residential certificate course in dramatic arts. The
entire course is devoted to train participants in acting as well as in technical aspects
focusing on their own culture. The students also prepare a production every year as
part of their curriculum. Apart from imparting the extensive training, the centre also
conducts theatre workshops in and around Sikkim. In 2012, Sikkim Theatre Training
Centre Repertory Company was established to engage the students trained in the
centre

EXTENSION PROGRAMME
The National School of Drama provides a three-year course of integrated training, leading to a post-graduate
Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training involves intensive grounding and personal attention to each student,
the annual intake is restricted to twenty-six students only. This means that a vast majority of theatre workers
who are keen on learning the dramatic arts are deprived of the training provided by the School. In order to
reach out to these workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978 the School started a scheme of
short-term teaching and training to be imparted in the local languages. Over the last 30 years and more, the
School has conducted such training workshops in almost all the regions of the country. In addition, it has also
organized and conducted a large number of intensive production-oriented and subject-oriented workshops.
To further strengthen the Extension Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource Centres in four to
six zones of the country. The first of these centres was set up in Bengaluru in 1994. It covers the South Indian
states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, as well as Puducherry. In 2011, the School has set
up Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim and in 2012, TIE Wing, Tripura.

BENGALURU CENTRE, NSD

The Bengaluru centre of National School of Drama runs a full time one year Acting course particularly
focused on the cultural material of the south Indian states. The uniqueness of the course is that it tries to
create contemporary acting training method deriving from traditional training programme available in
various performing art traditions. The state of the Art new building and infrastructure are coming up in this
centre to make it a centre of excellence in near future.
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T.I.E. WING, TRIPURA
In 2012, the School established National School of Drama (TIE Wing), Tripura at Agartala in collaboration with
Dept. Of Information & Cultural Affairs and Higher Education, Govt. Of Tripura. The wing offers one year
residential certificate course in Theatre-In-Education (TIE) and draws students not only from Tripura but also
from all over the North –East region of India. The course aims at preparing actors to perform for children, as
well as, theatre teachers to with children of different age groups. .
25
 FESTIVALS
BHARAT RANG MAHOTSAV
Bharat Rang Mahotsav was established around two decades ago by the National School of Drama to
stimulate the growth and development of theatre across the country. Originally a National Festival
showcasing the work of the most creative theatre workers in India, it has evolved to international scope,
hosting theatre companies from around the world, and is now the largest theatre festival of Asia. In addition
to the national and international productions/performances that are staged during the Festival, the fare also
includes exhibitions, conferring of awards/tributes, interactive sessions with directors and performers for
the general public and professionals, Photographic exhibitions featuring landmark productions, Open
forums and meetings. It is an extremely beneficial input for students from the academic perspective since it
provides them with a lot of exposure with respect to theatre practices in the country and rest of the world.
Students are also involved in projects promoting interactions with various participant groups. They also get a
chance to interact with the Directors through 'Meet the Director' an open forum, run actively by the students
themselves.
THEATRE OLYMPICS
The torch of Theatre Olympics, lit in Delphi, Greece in 1993, has taken its eight year in India. It will illuminate
stages in 17 Indian Cities which will be hosting a total of 450 plays, 700 ambience performances and 250
youth performance; presented by 25,000 artists from across the globe. The 8th Theatre Olympics 2018 in
scheduled to be organised from 17th February to 8th April 2018, under the aegis of Ministry of Culture,
Government of India. The theme of the latest edition of World Theatre Olympics is “Flag of Friendship”. The
much awaited event of world theatre in India attempts to culturally unite the audience and theatre luminaries
from across the globe.
National School of Drama is honoured and privileged to host the glorious mega-festival, extending over 51
days. Theatre Olympics would include participants from 25 countries including France, Germany, U.S.A.,
Israel, Azerbaijan, Russia, Japan, China, Belguim, Bangladesh, Australia, Sri Lanka, Czech Republic,
Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Nepal, Turkey, Mauritius, South Korea, Greece, Denmark, Brazil and India. World
renowned directors like Theodoros Terzopoulos, Jan Fabre, Jaroslaw Fret, Liu Libin, Romeo Castellucci,
Eugenio Barba, Sahika Tekand, and Pippo Delbono have been humbly invited to bring their productions to
Indian stage.
26
NATIONAL FESTIVAL ON TRIBAL CULTURE.
National School of Drama organizes festivals of cultural expressions of the tribal communities of our country. Up
till now it has organized Adi Rang Mahotsav at Mumbai(Maharshtra),Daman Diu(UT) and Surat( Gujrat), Adi
Parab Mahotsav at Raipur(Chattisgarh) and Adi Bimb Mahotsav at Daronda village (West Bengal)and Andaman
and Nicober islands(UT). The focus of the festival is to learn from and bring forward the unseen, unexplored
cultural treasure of the tribal communities of India and to create opportunities of exchanges between different
tribal communities and the society at large.
POORVOTTAR NATYA SAMAROH & POORVOTTAR RASHTRIYA NATYA SAMAROH
Poorvottar Natya samaroh and Porvottar Rashtriya natya samaroh, two iconic festivals of National school of
Drama is dedicated to create cultural exchanges of different parts of India with its North Eastern states. In
Poorvottar Natya Samaroh, plays from North East and other states of India gets shown in North Eastern states
and in Poorvottar Rashtriya Natya Samaroh, the plays from North Eastern states gets shown in different parts of
India. These festivals sought to give representation to the creative talent that lies in the region. Both senior and
young theatre personalities have participated in the Festival, allowing a synthesis of experience and fresh
talent. While most performances are in North-Eastern languages like Assamese, Manipuri, Mizo, Rabha, Garo
and Nepali, there are also other plays in Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, Urdu and Hindi.
BAL SANGAM
Every alternate year the TIE Company organizes a national festival, Bal Sangam, which is essentially a cultural
mela with an educative objective. The Festival is an ensemble of various performing traditional art forms that
are presented by children belonging to traditional performing families, guru-paramparas and institutions. The
main objective of Bal Sangam is to encourage children to continue traditional performances so as to preserve
our cultural heritage in this rapidly changing world.
JASHNEBACHPAN
Jashnebachpan showcases the works of different theatre groups working with and for children, representing
various regions and languages from across the country. Eminent and emerging theatre directors and
established theatre groups doing plays with and for children participate in the festival with full-fledged
productions. Besides these, there are several other festivals hosted by the school from time to time in the
interest of theatre.
APB & GATS
National School of Drama organised Asia Pacific Bureau Meet on 25 October 2016 in New Delhi. where
Professor Waman Kendre, Director National School of Drama was elected unanimously as the President of Asia
Pacific Bureau of Drama Schools
The school is also the member of Global Alliance of Theatre Schools (GATS), Director, National School of Drama
has been elected as Vice President during their international meet at Lima,Peru on 05 September 2016. 27
 THEATRE-IN-EDUCATION COMPANY (SANSKAAR RANG TOLI) REPERTORY COMPANY
SANSKAAR RANG TOLI REPERTORY COMPANY
Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the Sanskaar Rang Toli was established in October 1989. The Repertory Company of the National School of Drama is the performing wing of the School. It consists of a
It aims to educate children (8–17 years) through the medium of theatre. To achieve this objective, the Toli group of artistes, mostly graduates of the School. The main function of the Repertory Company is to produce
carries out the following activities: plays of high artistic merit and perform them regularly for theatre lovers in Delhi and across the country. It was
Development of creative curriculum and performance of participatory plays in schools, especially designed founded in 1964 and has performed about one hundred and fifty plays by ninety playwrights and has worked
for children of different age groups. with more than sixty-five directors.
Organizing training workshops for teachers round the year, to create meaningful theatre with children ·
Development of skills for classroom situations aimed at making the teaching/learning process effective and
enjoyable.
Imparting of training to children in theatre and the allied arts through participation in intensive summer
workshops (May–June) and Saturday/Sunday Club (August–December). Through workshops and the
Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli aims at integrated personality development of children.

28 29
 FORMER CHAIRPERSONS
* Dr. P.V. Rajamannar (1959–61)
* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (1961–65)
* Smt. Indira Gandhi (1965–72)
* Dr. K. P. S. Menon (1972–77)
Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (1977–78)
Shri L.M. Singhvi (1978–82)
Ms Shanta Gandhi (1982–86)
Dr. Suresh Awasthi (1986–88)
Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (1988–92)
Dr. P.C. Joshi (1992–96)
Dr. Chandrasekhar Kambar (1996–2001)
Shri Anupam Kher (2001–04)
Mrs. Amal Allana (2005-2013)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (2013-2017)
30
FORMER DIRECTORS
Shri Satu Sen (1959–61)
Shri E. Alkazi (1962–77)
Shri B.V. Karanth (1977–82)
Prof. B. M. Shah (1982–84)
Prof. Mohan Maharishi (1984–86)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (1987–88)
Prof. Kirti Jain (1988–95)
Prof. Ram Gopal Bajaj (1995–2001)
Prof. Devendra Raj Ankur (2001–07)
Dr. Anuradha Kapur ( 2007-2013)
CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERS
Acting Chairperson: Dr. Arjun Deo Charan
Director: Prof. Waman Kendre
*When NSD was under the administrative
control of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the
Chairperson of the Akademi used to be the
Chairperson of the National School of
Drama as well.
31
 ACTING CHAIRMAN, NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
He has been awarded by Sahitya Akademi , Delhi for
his book "Dharam Judh" in 1992.Dr.Charan has
also been conferred with Sangeet Natak Akademi
Award in 2012.
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan has been awarded by the
Bihari Puraskar for 2011 by K.K. Birla Foundation
for his Rajasthani poetry collection "GHAR TO EK
NAAM HAI BHAROSE RO".
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is the founder of Rammat
Theatre Group, Jodhpur , which is one of the
prestigious theatre group of country. Dr. Charan's
plays have been performed on several National and
International theatre festivals including Bharat
Rang Mahotsav.
AWARDS
Rajasthani Sahitya Akademi - Award, 1980
Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi Award, 1992
Highest Award of Rajasthani Bhasa Sahitya Evam
Sanskriti Akademi, 1997
Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1999
Maru-Parampara Samman, 2004
Bihari Puraskar, K.K Birla Foundation, 2011
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, New Delhi, 2012
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan
Presently, he is the Acting Chairman of India's most
prestigious theatre training school National School
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is a noted Rajasthani poet,
of Drama.
critic, playwright, theatre director and translator.
Dr. Arjun Deo Charan is a prominent figure in
Indian theatre. He shares his position in top 10
theatre personalities of the country with Habib
Tanvir and Ratan Thiyam.
Dr. Charan was born on 10 May 1954 in the
village of Mathania, Jodhpur. His father Renvat
dan Charan also was an eminent Rajasthani poet
and socialist, who had won Sahitya Akademi
Award for his notable work Uchhalo. Charan has
been the Head of Department of Rajasthani
Langauge in the Jai Narain Vyas University,
Jodhpur. He has been selected as Chairman of
Rajasthan Sangeet Natak Akademi, Jodhpur on
26 November 2011 for three years.
32
DIRECTOR, NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
Prof. Waman Kendre
An eminent theatre personality with a graduation in
Arts and a one-year proficiency certification course
in Dramatics from Dr. Ambedkar Marathwada
University, Aurangabad, NSD alumnus Prof. Waman
Kendre, prior to joining NSD, served as Professor
and Director, Academy of Theatre Arts, University of
Mumbai (2003-2013)
His teaching experience spans almost thirty years,
and he has conducted more than two hundred and
fifty workshops on varying aspects of theatre, in
India and abroad (America, Mauritius). He has done
practice-oriented research on the Folk and
Ritualistic Theatre of Kerala and had been a
Research Associate with the Theatre Development
Centre, NCPA, Mumbai, for nine and a half years
He has been actively involved in administrative and
organizational running of reputable organizations
like NCPA, University of Mumbai and Rangpeeth,
Mumbai. He has held positions of eminence in
advisory committees and governing councils
including Vision Plan Committee (NSD), Rajya
Marathi Vikas Sanstha (Govt. of Maharashtra),
Advisory Committee Dept. of Drama (Rajasthan
University, Jaipur), Governing Council & Executive
Committee (West Zonal Cultural Centre, Udaipur),
Academic Council (Univ. of Mumbai), Vision Plan
Committee (Govt. of Goa), Advisory Committee of
All India Radio & Doordarshan (Govt. of India),
Society of Governing Council (SRFTII). He is also a
member of XIth Five Year Plan Performing Arts,
Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
His productions Zulwa (2005), Madhyam Vyayog
(2004), Jannemann (NSD Rep. 2002), Tempt Me
Not (NCPA, 1992), Nati Goti ( 1990), Gadhe Ki
Barat (SRC, 1988), Ladi Nazariya (NSD, 1994),
Saiyyan Bhaye Kotwal and Rajdarshan (with IPTA,
Mumbai – 1985 & 86) are still considered to be
landmarks owing to their sensitive approach
towards the sufferings of those sections of society
that are rarely talked about. His play 'Char Divas
th st
Premache' celebrated its 1000 show on 1 May,
2009. He holds an unbroken record for being the
single person to win all three positions for Best Play
& Best Director, at the Government of Maharashtra
State Professional Drama Competition in 1989. His
multifarious contribution in the field of theatre have
been acknowledged with various awards including
the National Award conferred by the President of
India for Theatre Direction (Sangeet Natak
Akademi, 2012), the first Manohar Singh Smriti
Puraskar (Instituted by NSD & the Ministry of
Culture, Govt. of India, for outstanding multifaceted
contribution to the field of Theatre Arts, 2004), the
Mumbai Marathi Granth Sangrahalaya Award
(1989), Eight times Maharastra Govt. State Award,
Sahyog Foundation Award (1999), Marathwada
Gaurav Award (2002), Maharashtra Times Award
(2006), Natya Darpan Awards (1989, 1992, 1996),
Padmshri Daya Pawar Smriti Puraskar(2007), and
State Award for Best Music (Priya Bawari, 2012)
among others
33
 FACULTY
ACTING
TRIPURARI SHARMA
Professor, Acting
Prof. Tripurari Sharma is a graduate in English from Delhi University and a Diploma
holder in direction from the National School of Drama. She has written and directed
many plays and has been associated with several theatre groups throughout the country
and abroad. A playwright of repute having written plays like Bahu, Kath ki Gadi and has
translated Indian and Western plays like Andha Yug and Othello, has been associated
with films like Mirch Masala and Hazaar Chaurasi ki Maa. She has worked with various
folk forms like Nautanki, Khyal and Pandavani. Her plays have been translated in Indian
languages, English and Kath ki Gadi also in French. She was the Indian representative at
the First International Women Playwrights; Conference held in USA in 1986. Prof.
Sharma received the Sanskriti Puraskar in 1986, honoured by the Delhi Natya Sangh in
1990, also received the Safdar Hashmi Award from U.P. S.N.A. and was among the 99
women from India nominated for the 'Thousand Women for Nobel Peace Prize' by an
International initiative.
HEMA SINGH
Associate Professor, Acting
Hema Singh, a well known actor, a graduate of NSD's Integrated course (1982), has
worked with NSD Repertory Company for 10 years. She has essayed fifty major roles
under eminent national and international directors. She has done innovative work in the
field of Parsi Theatre and presentation of Poetry on stage. She has assisted famous
Parsi style actor Late Master Fida Hussain Narsi at NSD for 6 years, has done fellowship
from ministry of HRD on Parsi Theatre. Apart from 15 productions in Parsi Style to her
credit she has directed plays of other genres. She has written analytical articles on
theatre, has translated plays, and was theatre critic for 'Jansatta', a Hindi newspaper.
Her translation of Strindberg 'A Dream Play' has been published by Central Sahitya
Academy. She has developed scripts for NCERT, television and Radio. She has taught
Voice & Speech and Acting at NSD, SRC, M.P. Drama School and Bhartentu Natya
Academy. She has travelled abroad including England, Australia, Poland, Germany,
Wales, Mauritus and Sri Lanka to perform and conduct workshops on theatre. She was
awarded with NSD's prestigioius 'Manohar Singh Smriti Award' for her contribution to
theatre in 2008. Her portrayal of Imarti Devi in a T.V. serial has fetched her 'Indian
Television Academy Award' for the Best Actress in a negative role.
ABDUL LATIF KHATANA
Associate Professor, Acting & Chief of Theatre-in-Education
Abdul Latif Khatana graduated from NSD in 1986 with specialization in
acting. In addition to devising, writing and directing several plays that have
been nationally and internationally performed, he has conducted
numerous workshops on acting. He is the founder of Adabi Sangat
(Kashmir) and of the theatre group, Kirdar. He was also a founder-actor-
teacher of NSD's T.I.E. Co., of which he later became Chief. He is credited
with conceptualizing and organizing the T.I.E. Company's first national
theatre festival for children called 'Jashnebachpan,' followed by another
national festival, 'Bal Sangam,' of folk and traditional performing arts by
children. Mr. Khatana has worked extensively with schools, institutions and
NGOs to cultivate the need of theatre/drama for children at multiples
levels. He has also made a major contribution in devising the
34 theatre/drama syllabus for NCERT from classes 1 to 12.
DINESH KHANNA
Associate Professor, Acting
A graduate from Lucknow University with a diploma in Acting from Bhartendu
Natya Academy and a post-graduate diploma in acting from the National
School of Drama in 1986, Dinesh Khanna has been involved in acting,
direction and teaching for the last twenty years. Deeply interested in
literature and translation, he has written several articles on theatre. His
published works include Kucch Aansu Aur Kuchh Phool and Abhinay
Chintan.
ABHILASH PILLAI
Associate Professor, Acting
A Ph. D. from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi in 2012. He has a two year diploma
in theatre production and stage management from RADA, London; a postgraduate
diploma in design and direction from NSD; and a graduate degree in theatre arts from
Calicut University, Kerala. He has directed plays in different countries in various
languages; has contributed articles on theatre in leading publications in India and the
U.K.; and has attended seminars and conducted workshops in different regions of India
and abroad. His works draw on a wide array of materials but are presented in a
contemporary aesthetic style. He has been involved in several collaborations both
international and national and has initiated the first ever collaboration in India
connecting NSD and the Grand Circus, Kerala, culminating in a production he directed,
Clowns & Clouds. He was Chief Technical Coordinator of Bharat Rang Mahotsav (the
International theatre festival of India) for the last five years and Curator/Artistic Director
for National and International Theatre Festivals in Kerala from 2009 onwards. Shri Pillai
has also written a biographic book titled C.N. Sreekantan Nair – A Vission and Mission of a
Theatre activist-published by the Central Sahithya Akademi in 2007. Also a consultant,
designer and architect for constructing theatre complexes for leading institutions in Delhi.
Besides, he is a member of various visiting faculties in Indian and foreign Universities. He
is a member of board of studies in different Universities in Delhi and Kerala. He was the
Dean, Academics of NSD from 2008-2011 and during his deanship he has started the
first ever Student Exchange Programme with Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, London
and National School of Drama. At present he is Associate Professor for Acting in National
School of Drama. Mr. Pillai along with other awards has been honored with the Sanskriti
Award 2002-03 and Kerala Sangeet Natak Award – 2012 for his achievements in the field
of theatre.
DRAMATIC LITERATURE
SANTANU BOSE
Associate Professor, World Drama, Dean Academic
Santanu Bose is a body-weather practioner who has created over 60 pieces of theatre
over the past 30 years in various parts of the country and the world. These have been
shown extensively in India and in different parts of Asia, Europe and Australia. He takes
particular interest in making performances in multicultural situations focusing on war,
gender and displacement.
35
 FACULTY
THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT
Professor, Theatre Architecture
Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979) is an acclaimed lights and set designer.
An SNA awardee (2002), he has been involved in the renovation and revamping of
theatre buildings with modern ideas and technology. His contribution to theatre
technology and functioning includes the creation of a self-supporting space frame for
hoisting systems, introduction of two-bar drop-curtain operation and India's first 'light-
soft-patching' in Abhimanch (NSD). He also gave India its first echo-shell auditorium, the
Chinmaya Auditorium, Delhi. Premchand Rangshalla, Patna, of the fifties stands
transformed with his introduction of a self-supporting hoisting-system and an innovative
loop counter-weights. The recently commissioned Bhaji Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is
another of his landmarks, where 90-ft diameter semicircular Braille curtain works to
perfection. Prof. Bhagat was the technical director to 'Festivals of India' held in Japan,
Germany, China, Thailand, Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Korea and Brazil. He also
excelled as an art director in films like Bandit Queen and Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi.
AMARJIT SHARMA
Associate Professor, Stage Technology
A Delhi University graduate, Mr. Sharma joined NSD's carpentry workshop section in
1979 and was appointed stage technologist in 1994. He is responsible for preparing set
designs, plans and models for staging plays and other associated events. Some of his
notable assignments have been the installation and execution of sets for more than
2000 plays for the Bharat Rang Mahotsav held between 1999 and 2013, for
Jashnebachpan and Balsangam Rang Mahotsav held from 1998 to 2013, and for the
German Festival in India in 2000–01. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on official
assignments for set execution and has designed sets for television serials. Mr. Sharma
also attended a programme on advanced theatre technology in Tokyo as part of the Indo-
Japan Cultural Exchange Programme, in 1998. He has also supervised and executed
scenic designs for many plays, including 'Mangniyar Seduction' directed by Royesten
Abel that visited many countries across the globe.
36
ARUNA KUMAR MALIK
Assistant Professor, Stage Craft
Aruna Kumar Malik born & brought up at Orissa, completed his B.F.A. in Fine Arts
(Sculpture) from Utkal University and Graduate Diploma in Acting from National School of
Drama in 2007. Since then he has been working as an actor, director, set & propos
designer. He has worked in more than 250 plays as designer & actor. He has acted in few
films and TV serials also. He has been awarded Charles Wallace India Trust Fellowship to
study advance prosthetic make up in UK. Recently, he has been awarded with Bismillah
Khan Youth Award by Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2014-15. He has conducted several
theatre workshops in many different parts of the country. He joined NSD as Assistant
Professor in May 2017
EXTENSION PROGRAMME
AMITESH GROVER
Assistant Professor, Extension Programme
Born 1980, Amitesh Grover is a performance-based artist in New Delhi, India. He creates
work across art disciplines to produce performances, texts, objects, images, installations,
and films.
His recent works include BACK TO WORK Series (2017), MOURNING Series (2016), SLEEP
Series (2014). His projects are often commissions, which investigate the work of art and
the art of work. To build his projects he deploys several roles, that of an actor, visitor,
observer, director, interviewer, coder, employee, writer, and artist. His practice
investigates Performance - in productivity, in technology, in art.
He has received acclaim both in performance and visual art. He was nominated for the
Forecast Award at Hauz Der Kulteren Der Welt (Germany, 2015) and is the recipient of
numerous awards and residencies including Arte Laguna Prize (Italy, 2013), Tokyo
Culture Creation Project (Japan, 2013), KMAT Residency (Australia, 2011), Ustaad
Bismillah Khan Award (India, 2009), & Prohelvetia Residency (Switzerland, 2008). Works
have been shown in performance festivals and exhibitions in Germany, Australia, Italy,
Switzerland, England, Mexico, China, Philippines, & United States.
He has also presented talks at IMPACT '17, International Transdisciplinary Symposium at
PACT, Essen (Germany, 2017), 'How To Produce Worklessness' at Kiran Nadar Museum
(Delhi 2017), 'PERFORMING EXCESS' at Performance Studies International (Hamburg
2017), and 'PERFORMAPEDIA' - ON AUDIENCE, EXPERIENCE, DESIRE, at UNIVERSITY OF
EXETER (UNITED KINGDOM 2016).
He is National School of Drama (India) alumnus (2004) and was Charles Wallace Scholar
at University of Arts London, U.K. (2005). In addition to being guest faculty at several art,
design and architecture colleges, he has been teaching at NSD since 2012, where he
teaches Performance-Making and Performance Studies, both in practice and theory. His
work, thoughts, and press reviews are available online <www.amiteshgrover.com>
37
 CHIEF OF REPERTORY COMPANY
SURESH SHARMA
With diplomas and specializations in acting from both the Bhartendu Natya Academy
and NSD, Mr. Suresh Sharma began work as a freelance theatre worker with the Delhi-
based group, Sambhav. In 1985–86 he worked under a fellowship on the nautanki of
Uttar Pradesh under the guidance of Gulab Bai and Mudraraksha. He later established
the only non-governmental repertory in the district of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, which
he went on to expand into a fully residential theatre academy. He has been the artistic
director of the Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts in Delhi; has translated the first
version of the Stanislavsky system of acting into Hindi; and has visited several foreign
countries to study the functioning of repertory companies. For the play Mohana, he was
awarded by the Sahitya Kala Parishad and the Sangeet Natak Academy.
38
ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF
PRADEEP K. MOHANTY
REGISTRAR
Mr. Mohanty has more than 16 years of experience in Administration, before Joining NSD.
After Serving five years in Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, he joined Miranda
House as Administrative Officer and worked for more than 11 Years. He was in senior
scale on completion of 8 year of service in Miranda House.
He was also associated with conduction of workshops and training programmes on
educational administration for administrative, laboratory and library staff member in
various collages of Delhi University. He Joined on 10/07/2015 as Registrar in NSD.
O.P. SAGAR
DEPUTY REGISTRAR
With a Master in Public Administration from IGNOU, Shri O.P. Sagar joined National
School of Drama as an Accountant in 1990. He took charge as Accounts Officer in 2013
and was promoted as Dy. Registrar in 2015. He has vast administrative experience in
handling the National & International events of NSD. He visited Beijing, China as Troupe
th
Manager with NSD students to perform a students production for the period from 18 to
nd th
22 May, 2011 under Asia Theatre Education Centre 6 International Forum and also
nd
attended 2 edition of Asian Traditional Theatre Workshops conducted by the Central
Academy of Drama, China with NSD Students for the period from 26th Oct. to 9th Nov. 2015
at Beijing, China under presentation of UNESCO chair on Theatre Education. Over the
years, Mr. Sagar has toured different parts of the country in connection with managing
theatre Workshops, Festivals, educational tours by NSD students. He has also acted in
two plays i.e. “Circus 2004” under direction of Shri Akhilesh Khanna and “Chainpur Ki
Dastaan” under direction of Shri Amitabh Srivastava.
PRODUCTION CELL
PARAG SARMAH
Production Manager
A graduate of the National School of Drama with specialization in acting, Mr. Parag
Sarmah has worked in the NSD Repertory Company for nearly twelve years as an artist
and stage manager. He has acted in more than forty-five plays. His directorial debut,
Parshuram, has been nationally acclaimed and was a part of both Nandikar National
Theatre Festival and The Bharat Rang Mahotsav. He has directed Hello Out There for the
NSD Repertory Company and has designed lights for productions like Raste, Parinati,
Bhand Duhai, Tajmahal Ka Tender, Bandi Pramath, Hazar Churasi Ki Ma,Vikhandit
Chhaya and assisted in Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the Song & Drama
Division. He is associated with many NGOs and works towards introducing younger
generation to the rich cultural heritage of Assam by organizing and conducting
workshops on Dance form, storytelling, Music and production oriented theatre
workshops, as he has indomitable desire to connect Assamese diaspora present in Delhi,
NCR to its roots. At present Mr. Sarmah is the Production Manager in the School and has
been instrumental in the successful coordination of the Poorvottar Natya Samaroh that
has been organized by the school in different parts of the country since many years.
39
 AUTHORITIES OF THE SCHOOL vuqdef.kdk
Acting Chairman Music Department
Arjun Deo Charan Percussionist Gr. II
Director P. Vetri Boopathy
Waman Kendre Sitarist
Registrar Shyam Rastogi
Pradeep Kumar Mohanty
Chief, Repertory Company
Suresh Sharma
Chief, Theatre-in-Education Company
Abdul Latif Khatana
Deputy Registrar
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43
O.P. Sagar

Head of Departments
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Dean
Santanu Bose (Academic Affairs)
Dinesh Khanna (Welfare)
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Production Manager
Parag Sarmah
Librarian
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Anil Srivastava
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C. D. Tiwari
Asstt. Director (Raj Bhasha Vibhag)
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Sound Technicians
S. Manoharan
Stage Manager ukV~; egksRlo 66
Govind Singh Yadav
Assistant Registrar (Accounts)
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Estate Manager
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Assistant Registrar (Admn.) jaxeaMy 69
Naveen Bisht
Cashier
Anil Puri
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Photographer
Deepak Kumar
Information & Library Assistant
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Rajan
Assistant (Theatre In Education)
B. S. Rawat
Assistant (Director Office)
Mohinder
Assistant (Acad.)
Vijaypal Vashist
Assistant (Light & Sound Technician)
Kiran Kumar

40
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laLFkku gSA bldh LFkkiuk o”kZ 1959 easa laxhr ukVd vdkneh ds ,d ?kVd ds :Ik esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj o”kZ 1975 esa
fo|ky; ,d Lora= LkaLFkk cukA bldk iathdj.k o”kZ 1860 ds lkslkbVh iathdj.k vf/kfu;e&21 ds varxZr ,d
Lok;Ÿk laLFkk ds :Ik esa fd;k x;k tks fd orZeku esa laLÑfr ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iw.kZr% foŸk iksf”kr gSA

fo|ky; }kjk jaxeap vkSj lacaf/kr dykvksa esa izf'k{k.k dk rhu o”khZ; xgu vkSj O;kid ikB~;Øe iznku fd;k tkrk
gSA ikB~;Øe ds lekIr gksus ds mijkar lQy Nk=ksa dks ukV~;dyk esa fMIyksek ls lEekfur fd;k tkrk gSA ;g
izf'k{k.k ,d ,sls lqfu;ksftr ikB~;Øe ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa fFk,Vj ds gj igyw dks lekfgr fd;k x;k gSA blesa
fl)kUr O;ogkj ls tqM+k gqvk gksrk gSA izf'k{k.k ds ,d Hkkx ds :Ik esa Nk=ksa dks ukVd rS;kj djus ds mijkar vke
turk ds le{k izn'kZu djuk gksrk gSA

fo|ky; ds nks izLrqfr Lda/k gSa % igyk jaxeaMy&ftls o”kZ 1964 esa vkjaHk fd;k x;k vkSj nwljk
fFk,Vj&bu&,tqds'ku daiuh ¼laLdkj jax Vksyh½ ftldh LFkkiuk o”kZ 1989 esa dh xbZA rhu&o”khZ; fMIyksek
ikB~;Øe ds iw.kZ gksus ds mijkar bu nksuksa Lda/kksa esa ukekadu ds fy, lQy vH;fFkZ;ksa ds ukeksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gS
;k fQj ;s jaxeap laca/kh fdlh fo”k; ij viuh ifj;kstuk ;k 'kks/k&izca/k ij Hkh dk;Z dj ldrs gSa ftlds fy, bUgsa
,d o”kZ dh vof/k dh v/;srko`fŸk nh tkrh gSA fo|ky; ds foLrkj dk;ZØe dk vkjaHk o”kZ 1978 esa fd;k x;k ftlds
42
varxZr ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa o;Ldksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA 43
 jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k
ikB~;Øe dk eq[; mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks jaxeap ds fy, rS;kj djuk gS] ftlds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh O;kogkfjd dq'kyrkvksa dks
fodflr djuk vkSj lS)kafrd tkudkjh gkfly djuk vko';d gksrk gSA v/;;u ds lHkh {ks=ksa dk vkdyu fo”k;kuqlkj fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj izR;sd esa mPpLrjh; ifj.kke dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA ikB~;Øe dk ewy mÌs'; ,d ny dh lkewfgd lajpuk esa
l`tukRed vkSj dYiuk'khy vfHkO;fDr dks fodflr djuk jgrk gSA jaxeap dks O;olk; ds :Ik esa viukus ds bPNqd Nk=ksa dks
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; rhu o”khZ; iw.kZdkfyd fMIyksek ikB~;Øe ds v/;;u dk volj iznku djrk gSA
44
izFke o"kZ nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA izFke l= ¼tqykbZ&fnlacj½ esa vfHku;] funsZ'ku] jax rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRoksa ds vykok
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs l= esa bUgha fo"k;ksa dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA
f}rh; o"kZ Hkh nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA rhljk o pkSFkk l=&rhljs l= esa Nk= fo'ks"kKrk gsrq vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj
vfHkdYiuk esa ls ,d {ks= pqurs gSaA jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA pkSFks l= esa bUgha fo"k;ksa dk
foLr`r vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA rhljs o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dks vfHku;] funsZ'ku ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk esa mPp
izf'k{k.k Ikznku djuk gSA
45
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
ukV~; lkfgR;
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap fo'o jaxeap
19oha lnh ds e/; ls izkjaHk gq, vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk fodklØe] ledkyhu jax ifjn`'; ij fo'ks”k n`f”Vikr ds lkFk {ks=h; ,f'k;u] ;wjksfi;u] vesfjdu] vÝ+hdu ,oa ySfVu vesfjdu ukV~; lkfgR; o izn'kZuksa ij fo'ks”k cy ds lkFk fo'o jaxeap dk
Hkk”kkbZ jaxeap % fl)kar vkSj O;ogkjA bfrgkl rFkk izeq[k ukV~;ys[kksa dk v/;;uA
'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; jaxeap jax LFkkiR;
laLd`rdkyhu Hkkjrh; ukV~; ,oa lkSan;Z'kkL= ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr o nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k] phu vkSj tkiku ds jaxeapksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr vkSj vU; iwohZ ns'kksa esa jaxeap dk fodklA
laLd`r jaxeap dk bfrgkl
ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr ukV~; lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij pqus x, laLd`r ukVdkas dk foLr`r fo'ys”k.k o O;k[;k;
izkphu dky esa mudh izLrqfr o n'kZd rFkk ledkyhu jaxeap esa mudh lkFkZdrkA

46 47
 v/;;u ds fo”k;

Xkfr lapkyu
vfHku; vk/kqfud xfr lapkyu ds fl)kar vkSj i)fr
ok.kh ,oa lEHkk”k.k f'kYi'kkL= vkSj ukV~;'kkL= ds fl)karksa dk v/;;u
ok.kh fdl izdkj dk;Z djrh gS] vFkkZr ,d LokHkkfod fLFkj Loj izkIr djus ds vH;kl] rkfd JO;rk] Li”Vrk vkSj lqjksa ds 'kkjhfjd Hkko&Hkafxekvksa] tSls gko&Hkko] eqnzkvksa vkSj xfr lapkyu }kjk ekuoh; vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr
mrkj&p<+ko dk lkeF;Z fodflr gks O;fDr;ksa o oLrqvksa ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr }kjk vfHku; ¼'kSyhc) vfHku;½
ikB o varikZB ij dke djrs gq, pfj=kuqlkj laHkk”k.k o Lojksa dh xq.koŸkk dks ryk'kukA jaxlaxhr
fofHkUu rjg dh laHkk”k.k 'kSfy;k¡] ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu /ofu;ksa vkSj rky lajpukvksa ds Kku }kjk Nk=ksa dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrk esa vfHko`f) djukA
ikjaifjd] 'kkL=h;] vk/kqfud lkSUn;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj jaxeap ds fof'k”V mi;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk jaxlaxhr dh le> fodflr
ledkyhu jaxeap vkfn dk Kku djukA
izkIr djukA vfHku; vkSj vk'kq vfHku; ¼bEizksokbZT+ks'ku½
;ksx
vfHkusrkvksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj lac/kh izfrHkk dk ifj”dkj rFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx dj mudh
;ksx dk mÌs';&vkluksa] fØ;kvksa rFkk izk.kk;ke ds vH;kl }kjk Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] lrdZrk] ykfyR;] ,dkxzrk vkSj
izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk
mPpkj.k {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djus ;ksX; cukuk gSA
ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c<+kuk rFkk vfHku; esa rduhd vkSj dkS'ky izkIr djus esa lgk;rk iznku djuk
vfHku; esa izeq[k lafgrkc) ¼dksfMQ+kbM½ fl)karksa vkSj i)fr;ksa dk v/;kiuA
48 49
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
funsZ'ku
dykRed vH;kl ,oa lekftd&jktuhfrd pSrU;rk ,d nwljs ls dSls laca) gaS blh dk Kku ,oa cks/k fodflr djuk bl ikB~;Øe
dk mÌs'; gSA izn'kZu dh xfre;rk ls tqM+s lS)kafrd] oSpkfjd ,oa lajpukRed eqÌksa dks ;g izf'k{k.k js[kkafdr djrk gSA ;g
ikB~;Øe Nk=ksa dks lkekftd ljksdkj vkSj mPp O;kolkf;d ekinaMksa okyh ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dks Lo;a dh fo'ys”k.kkRed le> }kjk
funsZf'kr djus esa l{ke cukus dk iz;kl djrk gSA
LFky] LFkku] LFkkiR; dk v/;;uA
n'kZd vkSj n'kZdksa dk n`f"VdksuAdk v/;;uA
vfHkdYiu] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku ds fofHkUu igyqvksa vkSj n`f”V;ksa dk v/;;uA
lkfgR; vkSj mlds fl)karksa] /ofu vkSj laxhr] n`';kRed dyk,a] flusek] ehfM;k] jlHkko laca/k vkfn dh le> fodflr djuk
lkekftd&jktuSfrd ,oa lk¡Ld`frd le> fodflr djukA

funsZ'ku dk bfrgklA
funsZ'ku dk fl)karA
vkys[k fo'ys”k.kA
ukVdksa dh 'kSyh] Lo:Ik ,oa y{k.kA
funsZ'ku dh /kkjk,aA
ns'k&fons'k ds fo[;kr funsZ'kdksa dk ;ksxnku ,oa fo'ks”krk,aA
fofHkUu funsZ'kdksa dh jpuk izfØ;kA
funsZ'kd] vfHkusrk] ys[kd vkSj vfHkdYid ds varlZaca/kA
jaxHkk”kk fodflr djus dh izfof/kA

50 51
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd
bl ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; Nk=ksa dh n`';&JO; dYiuk'kfDr
dk iks”k.k djds mls jaxdeZ ,oa ^ykbZo bosUV* esa iz;ksx djus
yk;d+ cukuk gSA Nk=ksa ls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os mPp
Lrjh; rduhd vkSj dkS'ky gkfly dj] l`tukRed fopkjksa
ds la;ksx ls ledkyhu jaxifjn`'; esa ;ksxnku ns ldsaA
jax vfHkdYiu dk bfrgkl
jax vfHkdYiu ds ewy rRo
jax vfHkdYiu ds fl)kar
jax vfHkdYiu ds y{k.k] 'kSfy;k¡ o Lisl
jax vfHkdYiu dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa] :Ikks]a
n`';dykvksa] ukV~;Hkou] eap fo/kku vkfn dk
v/;;u
jax vfHkdYiu ,oa lkekftd ljksdkj
dyk ,oa vU; lekjksgksa dk vfHkdYiu
funsZ'ku] vfHku; ,oa ukV~; ys[ku
ds ewy rRoksa dks le>uk
izdk'k] /ofu] os'kHkw”kk] eap] :IklTtk] eYVhehfM;k
eap vfHkdYiuk
eap vfHkdYiuk dh vo/kkj.kk o n'kZu
eap vfHkdYiuk ds fl)kar o i)fr;k¡
eap fuekZ.k ,oa eap rduhd
eap vfHkdYiuk o ekWMy fuekZ.k ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar
oL= vfHkdYiuk
oL= vfHkdYiuk dk bfrgkl
oL= vfHkdYiuk dh O;k[;k ,oa fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡
a eap izdk'k dk mÌs';
jax LFkkiR;
;wukuh dky ls ysdj vk/kqfud dky rd if'peh jaxeap ds fofHkUu
Lo:Ikksa vkSj eap vfHkdYiuk dk Øec) fodkl
iwohZ ns'kksa esa lelkef;d jax LFkkiR; o eap ifjdYiuk] fo'ks”kdj
Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuwdwy vLFkkbZ ,oa LFkkbZ eqDrkdk'kh jaxeap
,oa vU; LFkkiR; ijaijk,
izdk'k vfHkdYiuk
izdk'k vfHkdYiuk dk n'kZu ,oa lkSan;Zcks/k
izdk'k ;kstuk ¼Iyku½ o midj.k
fo|qr ,oa fLop cksMZ fu;a=.k dk cqfu;knh v/;;u
:Ik lTtk
:Ik lTtk dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;k¡]
fl)kar vkSj vH;kl

52 53
71
 v/;;u ds fo”k;
izLrqfr gekjs ikB~;Øe dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA blds varxZr fuEu
fo”k;ksa dk v/;kiu fd;k tkrk gS %&
vkys[k ls eap rd tkus dh rduhdsa
ukVdksa dh lajpuk vkSj izLrqfr dh Hkk”kk,a
funsZ'ku] vfHkdYiu ,oa vfHku; dh dyk
/ofu] laxhr rFkk n`'; vfHkdYiuk dh le>
ukVdksa dk p;u ,oa v/;;u
‘kks/k ,oa O;kid ^Q+hYM odZ* izLrqfr izfØ;k ds vge fgLls gSaA
Ikzf'k{k.k ds f}rh; o”kZ ls izLrqfr;ksa ds lkoZtfud eapu 'kq: gksrs gSaA
buesa laLd`r@;wukuh ukVd] ikjEifjd 'kSyh] Q+klZ] ;wjksfi;u
iqutkZxj.k ds ukVd] Hkkjrh; ,oa xS+j Hkkjrh; vk/kqfud ,ao
ledkyhu vkys[k vkfn ij vk/kkfjr ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ eafpr dh tk
ldrh gSaA lHkh fo'ks”kKrkvksa ds Nk=ksa dk buesa Hkkx ysuk vfuok;Z
gSA
54
,sfizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj dk;Z'kkyk l=
v/;;u ds mijksDr fo”k;ksa ds vfrfjDr fo|ky; Nk=ksa
ds fy, Hkkjrh; dyk ,oa LkaLd`fr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij
,sfizfl,'ku dkslZ o dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djrk
gSA
fo|ky; esa izf'k{k.k ,d lE;d] O;kid vkSj lko/kkuhiwoZd fu;ksftr rhu o”khZ; ikB~;Øe ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa fl)kar ls ysdj
vH;kl rd jaxeap ds lHkh igyqvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj ftlds ifj.kke ewY;k¡du gsrq O;kid tulewg ds le{k izLrqr fd,
tkrs gSaA ikB~;Øe esa jaxdeZ ls tqM+h mu lHkh egku foHkwfr;ksa dh i)fr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ftUgksaus lelkef;d jaxeap ds
lHkh :Ikksa vkSj vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA
bl ikB~;Øe esa Hkkjrh;] 'kkL=h; o if'peh ukV~; ijEijkvksa] Hkkjrh; ikjEifjd vkSj yksd jaxeap] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa vk/kqfud
jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa] fo'o dh jaxeap izo`fŸk;ksa ds ifjp; ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; jaxeap ijEijkvksa esa O;kid izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gSA
fo|ky; ds ladk; lnL; vkSj vfrfFk ladk; ftuesa Hkkjr rFkk fons'kh jaxdfeZ;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] ,d ekWM~;wy ds vk/kkj ij
Nk=ksa dks izfro”kZ izf'k{k.k iznku djrs gSaA bl izf'k{k.k esa d{kk esa gksus okys O;k[;ku] xgu dk;Z'kkykvksa dh ,d J`a[kyk] fQ+Ye vkSj
vU; dykvksa es ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ 'kkfey jgrs gSaA
55
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
vkosnu izfØ;k
ukV~;&dykvksa esa rhu o"khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;Øe ds fy, bl
o"kZ&2018 esa 26 Nk=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ksa dks
fu/kkZfjr izi= esa vkosnu djuk gSA
izos'k dh izfØ;k fuEuor gS%&
vkosnd fuEu esa ls fdlh Hkh fodYi dks pqu ldrk gS %
fodYi 1 % vkosnu i= fnukad 16@03@2018 ls vkWuykbu
Hkjdj fo|ky; dh oSclkbV
http://www.onlineadmission.nsd.gov.in ij
tek fd, tk ldrs gSaA QkeZ] vko';d dkxT+krksa ds lkFk #-
50@& dk 'kqYd nsdj vkWuykbu tek fd, tk ldrs gSaA
vkWuykbu QkeZ Hkjus dh vafre frfFk 16@04@2018 gSA
fodYi 2 % vkosnu i= dks fnukad 16@03@2018 ls fo|ky;
dh oSclkbV www.nsd.gov.in ls Hkh MkmuyksM fd;k tk
ldrk gSA MkmuyksM fd, gq, vkosnu i= ds lkFk #- 150@&
dk fMekaM Mªk¶V layXu dj funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;]
ubZ fnYyh ds i{k esa ,d fyQkQs esa j[kdj vkSj ml ij ^^izos'k
o”kZ 2018&21 ds fy, vkosnu** fy[kdj Hkst nsaA ftu fyQkQksa
esa MhMh@is&vkWMZj ugha gksxk mudk vkosnu i= fjtsDV dj
fn;k tk,xkA
fodYi 3 % vkosnu i= o foojf.kdk lHkh dk;Zfnolksa esa
16@03@2018 ls 16@04@2018 rd lqcg 10-00 cts ls
nksigj 1-00 cts o nksigj 2-00 cts ls lk;a 5-00 cts ds chp
fo|ky; ds iqLrd foØ; dsUnz ls #- 150@ ds udn Hkqxrku
ij Hkh miyC/k gksaxsA
fodYi 4 % vkosnu i= ,oa foojf.kdk ¼fgUnh o vaxzsT+kh esa½ izkIr
djus ds fy, Ñi;k Mhu] 'kS{kf.kd izHkkx] jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky;] cgkoyiq j gkml] Hkxokunkl jks M ] ubZ
fnYyh&110001 dks fy[ksaA lkFk gh #- 225@& dk ØkWLM
fMek.M Mªk¶V@is&vkWMZj tks fd fnYyh esa ns; gks] Hkstsa ftlesa
funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ds i{k esa fy[kus ds
vfrfjDr izHkkj dks Hkh 'kkfey djasA Mkd }kjk vkosnu i= izkIr
djus ds vuqjks/k fnukad 28@03@2018 rd fo|ky; esa igq¡p
tkus pkfg,A
iw.kZ :Ik ls Hkjs x, vkosnu i= Mhu] 'kS{kf.kd izHkkx] jk”Vªh;
ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj gkml] Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ
fnYyh&110001 rd fnukad 16@04@2018 rd ;k mlls iwoZ
igq¡p tkus pkfg,A vafre frfFk ds mijkar izkIr fd, x, fdlh
Hkh vkosnu i= dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA fMek.M Mªk¶+V
^dsoy vknkrk ds [k+krs esa ns;* ds :i esa js[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A
vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ksa dh Ikzfr;kW¡ vkSj gky esa
f[akpokbZ xbZ ikliksVZ vkdkj dh 2 Q+ksVks layXu djsaA vH;fFkZ;ksa
dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ksa dh ewy izfr;k¡ izLrqr djus
dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu Ik=
lacaf/kr izek.k i=ksa ds lkFk 'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk"Vªh; ukV~;
56 fo|ky;] cgkoyiq j gkml] Hkxokunkl jks M ] ubZ
fnYyh&110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k ds fy, U;wure ;ksX;rk
fdlh ekU;rk izkIr Hkkjrh; vFkok fons’kh fo’ofo|ky; ls
LukrdA
de&ls&de N% ukVdksa esas Hkkx ysus dk vuqHkoA
fgUnh vkSj vaxzsT+kh dk O;kogkfjd KkuA
vk;q
vk;q lhek 1-7-2018 dks U;wure 18 o”kZ] vf/kdre 30 o”kZA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkns’kkuqlkj vkjf{kr oxkSZ ds fy, vk;q
lhek esa NwV nh tkrh gS ¼vuq- tkfr@vuq- tutkfr ds
vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, 5 o"kZ dh NwV½
f'k{k.k dk ek/;e
fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk ek/;e fganh o vaxzst+h gS tks fd lacaf/kr
fo”k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdksa dk izn'kZu
vf/kdk'kar% fganh esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA
p;u izfØ;k
vH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u nks pj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izFke pj.k esa
izkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr mEEkhnokjksa dh
Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;kogkfjd ijh{kk yh tkrh gS vkSj bldk
vk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk X;kjg vU; dsUnzksa xqokgkVh]
dksydkrk] iVuk] Hkqous'oj] pSUubZ] cSaxyq:] t;iqj] paMhx<]
y[kuÅ+] eqEcbZ o Hkksiky esa fd;k tkrk gSA
izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq’kaflr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ubZ fnYyh
esa p;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqt+juk iM+rk gS ftlesa 4&5 fnu
dh ,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u izfØ;k esa izfrHkkxh
dh lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd l`tu dh eukso`fŸk ij /;ku fn;k
tkrk gSA p;u izfØ;k dks vkSj foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy,
;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS fd tgk¡ rd laHko gks lds
vH;FkhZ vf/kd ls vf/kd jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr izns'kksa ls pqus
tk,aA ijaijkxr :i ls izn'kZu dyk ls lacaf/kr ifjokjksa ds
vkosndksa dks izkFkfedrk nh tk ldrh gSA
vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks
f}rh; Js.kh jsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn
izLrqr djus ij vius x`guxj ls fnYyh fLFkr
lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku rd fudVre~ ekxZ ls vkus rFkk
okil tkus dk ;k=k HkŸkk ,oa nSfud HkŸkk iznku
fd;k tk,xkA mUgsa fo|ky; ds Nk=kokl esa jgus
ds fy, LFkku Hkh fn;k tk,xkA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU;
fiNM+k oxZ@ih MCYk;q Mh ls lacaf/kr
mEehnokjksa ds fy, vkj{k.k
26 lhVks esa ls vkj{k.k Hkkjr ljdkj ds fu;eksa ds
vk/kkj ij fn;k tk,xkA
fons'kh mEehnokj
bl ikB~;Øe esa fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gSaA gkykafd lhVksa dh la[;k
lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= esa 1&2 ls vf/kd fons'kh Nk=ksa dks izos’k nsuk
laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i= vius ns'k esa fLFkr Hkkjrh;
nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ek/;e ls tek djok,a tks mUgsa Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd
laca/k ifj”kn~ ¼vkbZlhlhvkj½ dks vxzlkfjr djsaxsA dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk
vuq'kaflr vkosnuksa ij gh fo|ky; }kjk fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
Nk=ksa dks vkbZ lh lh vkj }kjk fu/kkZfjr Q+WkeZ esa viuk vkosnu tek djuk
gksxkA
Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ,oa lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds fy,
ikB~;Øe dh ekU;rk
fo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk esa fn, tkus okys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr ljdkj
ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLd`fr ea=ky; }kjk dsanzh; ljdkj ds v/khu mPp
inksa ij rFkk lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZ ekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gS] tgk¡
ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj fo'ks”kKrk vko';d gksrh gSA ;g fMIyksek
ukV~;dyk esa LukrdksŸkj mikf/k ds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd
egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa ds :Ik esa fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mh-
iathdj.k ds fy, ;ksX; gSaA
pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa ds nkf;Ro
jk-uk-fo- esa izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;kolkf;drk vftZr djus ds
fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Nk=ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh
tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrq vko';drkuqlkj mudk LokLF; larqfyr jgs rFkk
muesa Ik;kZIr ÅtZfLork gksA vr% pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ekU;rk izkIr
fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk iznŸk fpfdRlk izek.k i= izLrqr djuk gksrk gSA
izR;sd Nk= ds fy, 'kkjhfjd LokLF; vfuok;Z gSA bl lca/k esa] fdlh Hkh
le; fdlh Hkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tk¡p djk, tkus
dk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks 'kkjhfjd n`f”V
ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds ckotwn fo|ky; ds fy, ml
Nk= dks fo|ky; esa v/;;u tkjh j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks
ik,xkA
p;fur Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr djus dh
vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgsa fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k; dk opu nsuk gksrk gS
fd mUgsa fdlh vU; Lkzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fŸk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA
pqus x, mEEkhnokjksa ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l= ds igys fnu
fo|ky; esa mifLFkr gksaA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ksa dks Lohdkj ugha djrk] tks
'kq:vkrh fnuksa esa gh fo|ky; esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ ugha djk ikrs vFkok
tks rhu o”kZ dh iwjh vof/k rd fo|ky; esa cus ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; esa
u;k l= izfro”kZ e/; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gSA
57
 izos'k laca/kh ekeys
Nk=o`fÙk
'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'k fo|ky; pqus gq, Nk=ksa dks izfrekg :- 8]000@& (:i;s vkB gtkj ek=) dh Nk=o`fÙk iznku djrk gSA ftl
Nk= dks fo|ky; }kjk ;g Nk=o`fÙk iznku dh tkrh gS] mlls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og :- 3]12]000@& dk
pqus x, Nk=ksa dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; 'kqYd fo|ky; esa tek djkus gksaxsA 'kqYd tek u gks ikus dh fLFkfr bl vk'k; dk ,d ckW.M Hkjdj fo|ky; esa izLrqr djsxk fd ;fn og rhu o"kZ ls igys gh viuk izf'k{k.k can djus
esa Nk= dks fo|ky; esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA dk fu.kZ; djrk@djrh gS] ;k vuq'kklfud vk/kkj ij mls viuk izf'k{k.k can djuk iM+rk gS rks mls og laiw.kZ
izos'k 'kqYd



#- 150@& jkf'k fo|ky; dks ykSVkuh iM+sxh tks mlus izf'k{k.k dh lekfIr ls iwoZ esa izkIr dh FkhA
f'k{kk 'kqYd



#- 150@& izfr ekg Ckhek
Nk= la?k ¼lnL;rk 'kqYd½

#- 60@& izfr ekg
p;fur mEehnokjksa dks ,d tksf[+ke doj ikWfylh ds varxZr yk;k tkrk gS ftlds fy, mUgsa vko';d izhfe;e
O;k;ke d{kkvksa dh os'kHkw”kk
gsrq jkf'k



#- 1500@& ¼yxHkx½ jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gS tksfd yxHkx :- 150@& ls :- 200@& lkykuk ds chp gks ldrh gSA fo|ky;
bl chek doj ls ckgj dksbZ Hkh vU; ft+Eesnkjh ugha ysrkA
:Ik lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k
#- 2000@& ¼lek;ksT;½
Tk+ekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k

#- 9000@& ¼[+kkrksa ds vafre fuiVku ds ckn izR;iZ.kh;½ dk;Z le;
Yks[ku lkexzh



#- 1650@& lkekU;r% d{kk,a izkr% 8 cts ls lk;a 6 cts rd pyrh gSa ftlesa pk; vkSj eè;kg~u Hkkstu dk vodk'k Hkh 'kkfey
Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYd gSA iwokZH;kl vkSj vU; Ikz;ksxkRed dk;Z 'kke dks vko';d le; vkSj fLFkfr ds vuqlkj rFkk vodk'k ds fnuksa esa
Nk=kokl fdjk;k


#- 250@& izfrekg Hkh fd, tkrs gSaA
fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd


#- 150@& izfr ekg ¼Ikz;ksx ds fglkc ls lek;ksT;½ vodk'k
fpfdRlk 'kqYd



#- 100@& izfr ekg izR;sd 'kSf{kd o"kZ dks nks l=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS% izFke l= eè; tqykbZ ls eè; fnlacj rd ftlds mijkar
eSl 'kqYd ¼nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu½
#- 1800@& izfr ekg ¼gj eghus fHkUu gksus dh laHkkouk½ eè; fnlacj ls eè; tuojh rd 'khrkodk'k jgrk gS vkSj nwljk l= eè; tuojh ls eè; ebZ rd ftlds mijkar
Nk=ksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh Hkh rjg dh d+her o`f)@mijksDr enksa esa c<+ksrjh gsrq #- eè; ebZ ls eè; tqykbZ rd xzh"ekodk'k jgrk gSA fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fo|ky; }kjk blesa ifjorZu ;k dVkSrh
1000@& dk vfrfjDr izko/kku j[ksaA dh tk ldrh gSA

Hkkstu rFkk vkokl

yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vyx&vyx Nk=kokl gSaA Nk=ksa ds vkokl dh O;oLFkk ,d dejs esa nks&nks Nk=ksa
vFkok MkWjesVªh ('k;ukxkj) izd`fr dh gksrh gSA lHkh Nk=ksa ds fy, Nk=kokl esa jguk vfuok;Z gSA

58 59
19
 lkekU; lwpuk
mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;e
fo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, izFke o”kZ ds Nk=ksa dh d{kkvksa] iwokZH;kl vkSj izLrqfr ds nkSjku ¼izkr%dkyhu d{kkvksa
lfgr½ de&ls&de 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr gksuk vko';d gSA f}rh; ,oa r`rh; o”kZ ds izR;sd lewg ds fy, Nk=ksa dh vfHku;]
izLrqfr] lkfgR;] eap f'kYi vkSj funsZ'ku dh d{kkvksa esa dqy feykdj 75 izfr'kr vkSj iwokZH;kl ,oa izkr%dkyhu d{kkvksa esa 90
izfr'kr mifLFkfr vko';d gSA
mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvksa ds fy, le;c)rk vfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuksa rd yxkrkj d{kk esa nsj ls vkus vFkok rhu
d{kkvksa esa vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr ds cjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k izLrqr fd,
tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;qZDr U;wure~ mifLFkfr esa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA
Nk=ksa dh mifLFkfr ds mi;ZqDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ksa dks ijh{kk esa cSBus
dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky; esa viuh Ik<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds vf/kdkj ls oafpr jg tk,axsA
fo|ky; ds MkWDVj }kjk fn, x, mfpr LokLF; izek.k i= ds vHkko esa fdlh Hkh Nk= dks rhu fnu ls vf/kd dk fpfdRlk&vodk'k
ugha fn;k tk,xkA
vU; fu;e
Nk=ksa dks fo|ky; ds ckgj fdlh Hkh rjg ds vU; izf'k{k.k dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks ckgj dh lkoZtfud izLrqfr;ksa esa Hkkx ysus ;k mUgsa Lohdkj djus] pkgs og 'kkSfd+;k ;k O;kolkf;d jaxeap gksa vFkok
jsfM;ks] Vsyhfot+u ;k fQ+Yesa gksa] dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA
v/;;u ds nkSjku Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh rjg dk jkst+xkj djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
Nk=ksa dks vkpkj&fopkj rFkk e;kZnk dks vuq'kkflr djus okys fu;eksa ds vuqlkj vkpj.k djuk gksxkA v'kksHkuh; O;ogkj dk nks”kh
ik, tkus okys fdlh Hkh Nk= dks fuyafcr ;k fu”dkflr dj fn;k tk,xkA
fo|ky; ifjlj esa efnjk dk lsou loZFkk oftZr gSA
funs'kd dh iwokZuqefr ds fcuk Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh d{kk] O;k[;ku vFkok iwokZH;kl esa vfrfFk;ksa vkSj fe=ksa dks vkeaf=r djus dh
vuqefr ugha gSA
60
20
Nk=ksa ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd mUgsa tks Hkh Hkwfedk nh tk,] os mldk fu”iknu djsaA mUgsa iwokZH;kl esa lgHkkfxrk djuh gksxh
vkSj
f'k{kdksa vkSj funsZ'kdksa dh vis{kkuqlkj viuh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa dks vius fy, fufnZ”V lHkh vko';d iqLrdksa] lkt&lkeku vFkok midj.kksa dh Lo;a O;oLFkk djuh gksxhA bl rjg dh
lkexzh
fo|ky; ds HkaMkj esa Hkh miyC/k gksrh gS ftldh d+her dh fo|kFkhZ dh Nk=o`fŸk ls dVkSrh dh tkrh gSA
Nk=ksa dks Nk=kokl] eSl rFkk iqLrdky; ls lacaf/kr lHkh fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk gksxkA
Nk=ksa }kjk bu fu;eksa dks rksM+us dh fLFkfr esa muds fo#) vuq'kklfud dk;Zokgh dh tk,xhA
jSfxax ij izfrca/k
pqus x, Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa dks Nk=ksa ds vPNs vkpj.k dk fo'okl fnykus gsrq fu/kkZfjr izi= esa ,d opu nsuk gksxkA
bl opu dk mYya?ku djus ij mfpr dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gS ftlesa fuyacu@fu”dklu Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrk gSA mPp
U;k;ky; ds MCY;w- ih- ¼lh½ la- 656@1998 fnukad 4-5-2001 ds vkns'kkuqlkj bl rjg dk opu fn, tkus dh vko';drk gS]
ftldk lacaf/kr Hkkx fuEu izdkj ls rS;kj fd;k x;k gS %
^^izos'k gsrq foKkiu izdkf'kr djrs le; ls gh laLFkku }kjk jSfxax ds fo#) eqfge vkjaHk dj nh tkuh pkfg,A izos'k gsrq
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, tkjh dh tkus okyh foojf.kdk] vkosnu i= vkSj@;k vU; fyf[kr lkexzh esa Li”V rkSj ij ;g mfYyf[kr
fd;k tk, fd laLFkku esa jSfxax iw.kZr% izfrcaf/kr gS vkSj tks Hkh dksbZ jSfxax esa 'kkfey ik;k tk,xk mldks ;Fkksfpr naM fn;k
tk,xkA ,sls naM esa laLFkku ls fu”dklu] laLFkku ;k d{kkvksa ls lhfer vof/k ds fy, fuyacu ;k tqekZus ds lkFk&lkFk
lkoZtfud rkSj ij {kek&;kpuk 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA fuEu rjhd+s Hkh naM esa 'kkfey fd, tk ldrs gSa %
¼1½ Nk=o`fŸk ;k vU; izdkj ds ykHkksa ij jksd
¼2½ xfrfof/k;ksa esa izn'kZu ls oafpr gksuk
¼3½ ifj.kke ij jksd
¼4½ Nk=kokl ;k eSl vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ls fuyacu ;k fu”dkluA
;fn jSfxax dks jksdus gsrq dksbZ d+kuwu miyC/k gks ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dh lafof/k@v/;kns'k dk izko/kku gks rks mls izos'k pkgus
okys fo|kFkhZ o mlds ekrk&firk dks fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k@ukekadu gsrq Nius okys vkosnu izi= esa ,d 'kiFk i= gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa jSfxax ;k jSfxax djus ij Nk=ksa dks feyus
okys naM ds ckjs esa vkSj jSfxax ds izfr laLFkku ds n`f”Vdks.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gks vkSj tks vH;FkhZ }kjk Hkjk vkSj gLrk{kfjr
fd;k tk,A blh rjg dk ,d 'kiFk i= vkosnd ds ekrk&firk@vfHkHkkod ls Hkh fy;k tkuk pkfg,A
,sls laLFkku tks fd bl rjg dh iz.kkyh igyh ckj vius laLFkku esa vkjEHk dj jgs gksa] ;g lqfuf'pr dj ysa fd vxyk
'kS{kf.kd o”kZ@l= izkjaHk gksus ls iwoZ os laLFkku esa igys ls gh v/;;u dj jgs Nk=ksa vkSj muds vfHkHkkodksa ls Hkh mDr 'kiFk
i= izkIr dj ysaA** 61
 lkekU; lwpuk
ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.k
Nk=ksa dks dsoy d{kk dk;ksZa gsrq fo|ky; ls MªkWbax isij] ekmaV cksMZ vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks”k lkexzh Nk=ksa dks
Lo;a [+kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+sa j[kus ds fy, gj Nk= dks ,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ksa dks
vko';d ikB~;&iqLrdsa o :Ik&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [+kjhnuh gksxh ftudh dqy d+her yxHkx 3000@& #- gksxhA
ijh{kk] ewY;k¡du rFkk d{kksUufr
izR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk ewY;k¡du fd;k tk,xk] ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvksa vkSj
izLrqfr;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= esa rFkk ijh{kk esa muds }kjk fd, x, izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= ls vxys l= rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ksa ds ewY;k¡duksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tk,xkA dqy
izkIr vadksa ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvksa esa Nk=ksa }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo”k;ksa esa izkIr dqy vadksa ds vkSlr ds
50 izfr'kr vad l=kar ijh{kkvksa esa muds }kjk izkIr dqy vadksa ds 50 izfr'kr esa tksM+s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o”kZ esa fd;k tk,xkA
fMIyksek dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, r`rh; o vafre o”kZ esa izR;sd o”kZ esa izkIr vadksa dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA
lHkh ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;k¡duksa dks ¼izR;sd fo”k; esa 100 vad½ vad iz.kkyh ds rgr vad i= esa n'kkZ;k tk,xkA
62
Nk=ksa dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds var esa ;kfu fd igys vkSj nwljs o”kZ ds var esa gksxhA rhljs o”kZ ds NBs l= ds var esa Nk=
mŸkh.kZ gksaxsA vafre ifj.kke esa Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad fcanq&vkSlr ¼dqy vad½ 'kkfey gksaxsA
ijh{kk mŸkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izR;sd fo”k; esa 40 izfr'kr vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA ;fn dksbZ Nk= fdUgha nks
fo”k;ksa esa 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl 'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh fd mlds mu fo”k;ksa
dk dk;Z lkewfgd izÑfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gSaA blfy, ;fn dksbZ Nk= izLrqfr ;k fdlh
,sls fo”k; tks lkewfgd izÑfr dk gS] esa lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr ls de vad izkIr fd, gSaArks ,slh fLFkfr
esa vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk iM+sxkA
Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo”k; esa vuqŸkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj ik¡posa l= esa
yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf”kZd ijh{kk dh vad x.kuk esa tksM+s tk,axsA
fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor~ leh{kk djus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eksa esa vko';d
ifjorZu djus gsrq iw.kZ :Ik ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ esa Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj”kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ck/; gksaxsA
63
 foLrkj dk;ZØe
foLrkj dk;ZØe
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk esa rhu o”khZ; ,dh—r izf'k{k.k iznku djkrk gSA rnqijkar LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek iznku fd;k
tkrk gSA D;ksafd bl izf'k{k.k esa izR;sd Nk= dks ukV~;&dyk ds cqfu;knh rRoksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :Ik ls
/;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ksa rd lhfer j[kk x;k gS ftlds pyrs fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus ds bPNqd
vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ fo|ky; esa iznŸk izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUor ugha gks ikrsA
bu jaxdfeZ;ksa rd igq¡pus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap ds izfr tkx:drk iSnk djus dh n`f”V ls jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us 1978 esa
vYidkfyd v/;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk”kkvksa easa ukV~; izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr fiNys 30 ls Hkh T+;knk o”kksZa esa
fo|ky; us bl rjg ds izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ns'k ds yxHkx gj {ks= esa vk;ksftr fd, gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusd xgu izLrqfrijd rFkk
fo”k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gSaA
fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;ZØe dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`<+ djus ds mÌs'; ls ns'k ds 4&6 {ks=ksa esa {ks=h; lalk/ku dsUnz LFkkfir djus dk
fu.kZ; fy;k x;k Fkk ftlds rgr 1994 esa igyk dsUnz] csaxyq: esa LFkkfir dj dukZVd] vka/kz izns'k] rfeyukMq] dsjy rFkk ik¡fMpsjh
tSls jkT;ksa dks blds varxZr yk;k x;kA
64
flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz
ns'k ds mŸkj&iwohZ Hkkxksa esa vius izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk foLrkj djrs gq, fo|ky; }kjk 2011 esa xaxVksd] flfDde esa jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g jaxdyk esa ,d o”khZ; vkoklh; izek.ki= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk gSA
leLr ikB~;Øe dk mÌs'; izfrHkkfx;ksa dks vfHku; ds lkFk&lkFk rduhdh igyqvksa eas izf'k{k.k iznku djuk gSA blds vykok] dsUnz
flfDde vkSj vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa eas jax dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu Hkh djrk gSA 2012 esa] dsUnz esa izf'kf{kr Nk=ksa dh lgHkkfxrk
lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, flfDde jaxeap izf'k{k.k dsUnz esa jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk Hkh dh xbZ gSA
Vh-vkbZ-bZ-] f=iqjk
bl bdkbZ }kjk fFk;sVj&bu&,twds'ku ¼Vh-vkbZ-bZ-½ esa ,d o”khZ; vkoklh; izek.k&i= ikB~;Øe iznku djrk gS vkSj u dsoy f=iqjk
vfirq Hkkjr ds laiw.kZ mRkj&iwohZ {ks= ls Nk=ksa dks pquk tkrk gSA bl ikB~;Øe dk mn~ns'k; cPpksa ds fy, izn'kZu djus gsrq vfHkusrkvksa
dks rS;kj djuk] lkFk gh fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa dks fFk;sVj i<+kus ds fy, f'k{kdks dks izf'k{k.k nsuk gSA
csaxyq: dsUnz] jk-uk-fo-
csaxyq: dsUnz] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; dh vksj ls ,d o”khZ; vfHku; izf'k{k.k dk vk;kstu djrk gS] ftldk izeq[k mÌs'; nf{k.k
Hkkjrh; dykvksa dks vkxs c<+kuk gSA bldh fo'ks”krk lelkef;d vfHku; izf'k{k.k vkSj ijEijkxr izf'k{k.k nksuksa ds ek/;e ls vfHku;
dks izLrqr djuk vkSj mldh yxkrkj [kkst tkjh j[kuk gSA jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; o jkT; dh vksj ls dyk dks thfor j[kus ds fy,
,d u, Hkou dk fuekZ.k tkjh gS] ftlls bls Hkfo”; esa vkSj vkxs c<+us dk ekSdk feysA
65
 ukV~; egksRlo
Hkkjr jax egksRlo
jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us 19 o”kZ iwoZ ns'k ds jaxdeZ ds fodkl vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, Hkkjr jax egksRlo dh 'kq:vkr dhA vius
izkjfEHkd nkSj esa bl ukV~;ksRlo eas Hkkjrh; jaxdfeZ;ksa dh izLrqfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu fiNys dqN o”kksZa ls blesa fo'o
ds vU; Hkkxksa ls Hkh ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkus yxk gS vkSj vkt ;g ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k ukV~; lekjksg cu pqdk gSA
jk”Vªh;&varjkZ”Vªh; izLrqfr;ksa@izn'kZuksa ds eapu gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Nk;kfp= izn'kZfu;k¡] iqjLdkj lekjksg] funsZ'kdksa vkSj dykdkjksa
ds lkFk vke turk o vU; O;kolkf;d jaxdfeZ;ksa dh vUrjax ckrphr] ifjlaokn vkfn bl lekjksg dk vfHkUu vax gSaA jaxeap ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ;g vR;ar ykHkdkjh vk;kstu fl) gqvk gSA ns'k&fons'k dh jax'kSfy;ksa@izo`fŸk;ksa dk jlkLoknu djus ds vykok
Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu ukV~;nyksa ds lkFk feyus dk volj rks izkIr gksrk gh gS] Lo;a Nk=ksa }kjk vk;ksftr ^ehV n Mk;jsDVj* dk;ZØe esa
izk;% lHkh ukVdksa ds funsZ'kdksa ls [kqyh ckrphr dk ekSd+k Hkh feyrk gSA
fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl
fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl dh e'kky loZizFke o”kZ 1993 esa MsYQh xzhl esa izTtofyr dh xbZA bldk vkBok¡ iM+ko bl o”kZ Hkkjr esa gSA bls
17 Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa ds eaPpksa ij iznf'kZr fd;k tk,xk] ftuesa dqy 450 ukVd] 700 ,afc;al izLrqfr;k¡ vkSj 250 ;qok izLrqfr;k¡ laiw.kZ
fo'o ds yxHkx 25]000 dykdkjksa }kjk iznf'kZr gks jgs gSA vkBosa fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl dks fnukad 17 Qjojh ls 8 vizSy] 2018 rd
laLd`fr ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ds RkRoko/kku esa fd;k tkuk fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA oYMZ fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl ds uohure laLdj.k
dk fo”k; ^^fe=rk dk /ot** gSA Hkkjr esa fd;k tkus okyk] cgqr le; ls izf'kf{kr fo'o jaxeap dk ;g lekjksg fo'o Hkj ds n'kZdksa
vkSj jaxdfeZ;ksa dks lk¡Ld`frd :i ls tksM+us dk iz;kl djsxkA
bl 51 fnolh; egkioZ dh est+ckuh djus dk lEeku ,oa xkSjo jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; dks feyk gSA fFk;sVj vksyfEiDl esa
izfrHkkfxrk djus okys 25 ns'kksa esa Ýkal] teZuh] ;w-,l-,-] blzkby] vt+jcStku] :l] tkiku] phu] cSfYt;e] ckaXykns'k] vkWLVªsfy;k]
Jhyadk] tSd x.kjkT;] teZuh] yqfFkvfc;ka] iksySaM] usiky] VdhZ] ekWfj'kl] nf{k.k dksfj;k] xzhl] MsuekdZ] czkt+hy vkSj Hkkjr 'kkfey
gSaA
iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg
iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg vkSj iwoksZÙkj jk”Vªh; ukV~; lekjksg] lkaLd`frd /kjksgj dks ,d izns'k ls nwljs izns'k rd igq¡pkus dk lkFkZd
iz;kl gSaA iwoksZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg esa mÙkj&iwoZ ds ukVd vkSj ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa ds ukVdks dk izn'kZu fd;k tkrk gS( vkSj iwoksZÙkj
&jk”Vªh; ukV~; lekjksg ds varxZr mÙkj&if'pe jkT;ksa dh ukV~; izLrqfr;k¡ vU; jkT;ksa esa iznf'Zkr dh tkrh gSA blds }kjk mu
lHkh dykdkjksa dks ekSd+k feyrk gS tks fd vius dk;Z esa fuiq.k gaS] lHkh cM+s vkSj NksVs dykdkj vkSj u, mHkjrs dykdkj Hkh blesa
Hkkx ys ldrs gSA lHkh izn'kZu mÙkj&iwohZ Hkk”kkvksa esa tSls vleh] ef.kiqjh] fet+ks] jkHkk] xkjks vkSj usikyh esa izLrqr fd;s tkrs gSaA
blds vykok caxkyh] dUuM+] ejkBh] mnwZ vkSj fgUnh Hkk”kk ds ukVdksa dk Hkh izn'kZu gksrk gSA
66
cky&laxe
izR;sd nwljs o”kZ laLdkj jax Vksyh ,d jk”Vªh; Lrj dk mRlo vk;ksftr djrh gS] ftldk Lo:Ik ewyr% ,d lkaLÑfrd esys dh rjg
gksrk gS vkSj mÌs'; 'kSf{kdA cky laxe esa ikjEifjd dyk ifjokjksa] xq#&f'k”; ijEijk vFkok laLFkkuksa ds cPps fofHkUu ikjEifjd yksd
dykvksa dk izn'kZu djrs gSaA cky laxe dk izeq[k mÌs'; cPpksa dks viuh ikjEifjd yksd dykvksa ls tqM+s jgus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk
gS rkfd vkt ds bl rst+h ls cnyrs ;qx esa gekjh lkaLÑfrd /kjksgj lajf{kr jg ik,A
t'u&,&cpiu
bl ukV~; lekjksg esa ns'k ds fofHkUu izkUrksa vkSj Hkk”kkvksa ds ,sls ukV~; ny lfEefyr gksrs gSa tks cPpksa ds fy, vFkok cPpksa }kjk fd, tk
jgs jaxdeZ ls tqM+s gksaA ofj”B] vuqHkoh ukV~; funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk&lkFk uoksfnr izfrHkk,a Hkh viuh izLrqfr;ksa dk eapu bl ukV~; lekjksg
esa djrh gSaA
vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dk jk”Vªh; lekjksg
jk-uk-fo- }kjk vk;ksftr vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dk jax egksRlo] ftlesa gekjs ns'k dh lHkh vkfnoklh iztkfr;k¡ 'kkfey gksrh gSaA vHkh rd
vkfn jax egksRlo eqEcbZ¼egkjk”Vª½] neu nho ¼dsUnz 'kkflr izns'k½ vkSj lwjr ¼xqtjkr½ esa Hkh vk;ksftr gqvk gSA blds vykok jk;iqj
¼NÙkhlx<+½ esa vkfn&ioZ egksRlo] vkSj vkfn fcEc egksRlo /kjksUnk xk¡o ¼if'pe caxky½ vkSj vaMeku vkSj fudksckj vkbZyS.M ¼dsUnz
'kkflr izns'k½ esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA bl egksRlo dk eq[; mÌs'; vkfnoklh jaxdyk dh tkudkjh izkIr djuk vkSj bu lHkh
vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa ds fy, csgrj ekSd+s ryk'kuk gS] ftlls vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dks nwljs jaxdfeZ;ksa ds lkFk ,d:irk dk ekSdk feysA
bu ukV~;ksRloksa ds vfrfjDr] fo|ky; le;&le; ij] jaxeap ds lao/kZu ds fy, dbZ vU; lekjksgksa dk Hkh vk;kstu djrk gSA
,f'k;k iSflfQ+d C;wjks o Xykscy ,yk;al vkWQ+ fFk;sVj Ldwy
jk”Vªh; UkkV~; fo|ky; us 25 vDVwcj 2016 dks ubZ fnYyh esa ,f'k;k iSflfQ+d C;wjks lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;kA tgk¡ izksQ+slj okeu
dsUnz] funs'kd jk”Vªh; UkkV~; fo|ky; dks loZlEefr ls ,f'k;k iSflfQ+d C;wjks ds vè;{k ds :i esa pquk x;k FkkA fo|ky; Xykscy
,yk;al vkWQ+ fFk;sVj Ldwyksa dk lnL; Hkh gS] ftlesa 5 flrEcj] 2016 dks yhek] is: esas varZjk”Vªh; lEesyu ds nkSjku funs'kd] jk”Vªh;
UkkV~; fo|ky; dks mikè;{k ds :i esa pquk x;kA
67
 laLdkj jax Vksyh jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
laLdkj jax Vksyh jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
laLdkj jax Vksyh] tks fd igys fFk,Vj bu ,tqds'ku daiuh ds uke ls tkuh tkrh Fkh] dh LFkkiuk vDVwcj 1989 esa dh xbZ Fkh]
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy] fo|ky; dk ,d izLrqfr Lda/k gSA blds varxZr dykdkjksa dk ,d ny ftlesa vf/kdka'kr% fo|ky; ds gh Lukrd
ftldk mÌs'; cPpksa ¼8&17 o”kZ½ dks jaxeap ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk iznku djuk gSA vius bl mÌs'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, Vksyh fuEu dk;Z
gSa] dk;Z djrk gSA jaxeaMy dk eq[; dk;Z fnYyh vkSj ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa jaxeap izsfe;ksa ds fy, mPp&dykRed izfreku okys ukVdksa
djrh gS %&
dk fuekZ.k vkSj mudk fu;fer izn'kZu djuk gSA bldh LFkkiuk 1964 esa gqbZ vkSj vc rd blds }kjk 90 ukVddkjksa ds 150 ukVd
iznf'kZr fd, tk pqds gSa vkSj blds dykdkjksa dks ns'k o fons'k ds 65 tkus&ekus funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk dke djus dk lqvolj Hkh izkIr
fo'ks”k :Ik ls fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa ds fy, ifjdfYir l`tu'khy ikB~;ppkZ vkSj lgHkkfxrk okys ukVdksa dh vyx&vyx
gqvk gSA o”kZ 2014] jaxeaMy dh Lo.kZ t;arh ds :Ik esa euk;k x;k FkkA
fo|ky;ksa esa izLrqfrA
f'k{kdksa ds fy, o”kZ Hkj izf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djukA
d{kk@f'k{k.k izfØ;k dks izHkkoh o lq[kn cukus ds mÌs'; ls d{kk fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, fo'ks”k dkS'ky dk fodklA
cPpksa ds fy, xzh”edkyhu xgu jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk ¼ebZ&twu½ ,oa 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc ¼vxLr&fnlacj½ dk lnL; cukdj mUgsa
jaxeap ds ek/;e ls izf'k{k.k iznku djukA bu dk;Z'kkykvksa o 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc }kjk jaxeap rFkk lac) dykvksa ds ek/;e ls
Vksyh dk mÌs'; cPpksa ds lexz O;fDrRo dk fodkl djuk gSA

68 69
 fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ v/;{k fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd
Jh lkrq lsu

¼1959&61½
*MkW- ih- oh- jkteUukj ¼1959&61½ Jh bZ- vYdkT+kh

¼1962&77½
*Ekgkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj ¼1961&65½ Jh c- o- dkjar

¼1977&82½
*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh ¼1967&72½ izks- ch- ,e- 'kkg

¼1982&84½
*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu ¼1972&77½ izks- eksgu egf”kZ

¼1984&86½
Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksik/;k; ¼1977&78½ Jh jru fFk;e

¼1987&88½
Jh ,y- ,e- fla?koh ¼1978&82½ izks- ¼lqJh½ dhfrZ tSu
¼1988&95½
lqJh 'kkark xk¡/kh ¼1982&86½ izks- jkexksiky ctkt
¼1995&2001½
MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh ¼1986&88½ izks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj
¼2001&2007½
Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk ¼1988&92½ MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj
¼2007&2013½
MkW- ih- lh- tks'kh ¼1992&96½
MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj ¼1996&2001½
Jh vuqie [ksj ¼2001&2004½
Jherh vkeky vYykuk ¼2005&2013½ orZeku inkf/kdkjh
Jh jru fFk;e ¼2013&2017½ dk;Zokgd v/;{k % MkW- vtqZu nso pkj.k
funs'kd% izks- okeu dsUnzs

*tc jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds

iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa Fkk rc vdknseh ds v/;{k] jk”Vªh; ukV~;
fo|ky; ds Hkh la;qDr :Ik ls v/;{k FksA

70 71
 dk;Zokgd v/;{k] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
MkW- vtqZu nso pkj.k
vtqZu nso pkj.k ,d izfl} jktLFkkuh dfo] vkykspd]
ukVddkj] fFk;sVj funsZ'kd vkSj vuqoknd gaSA Hkkjrh; jaxeap
ds izfrf”Br O;fDro gSaA mUgsa ns'k ds 10 eq[; jaxeap
O;fDrRoksa esa gchc ruohj ,oa jru fFk;e tSls fnXxtksa ds
lkFk fxuk tkrk gSA MkW- pkj.k dk tUe 10 ebZ 1954 dks
tks/kiqj ds eFkkuh;k xkao eas gqvk FkkA muds firk js.kor nku
pkj.k Hkh ,d iz[;kr jktLFkkuh dfo vkSj lektoknh Fks
ftUgsa muds egRoiw.kZ dk;Z mPNkyks ds fy, lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA pkj.k] t; ukjk;.k O;kl
fo'ofo|ky;] tks/kiqj esa jktLFkkuh Hkk”kk foHkkx ds izeq[k jgs
gSaA mUgsa 26 uoacj 2011 dks jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh]
tks/kiqj ds v/;{k ds :Ik esa rhu lky ds fy, pquk x;k FkkA
72
1992 esa mudh iqLrd ^^/keZ tq/k** ds fy, mUgsa lkfgR;
vdkneh] fnYyh essa lEekfur fd;k x;kA o”kZ 2012 esa Jh
pkj.k dks laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iqjLdkj ls Hkh lEekfur
fd;k x;kA
vtqZu nso pkj.k dks 2011 esa ds-ds-fcM+yk Q+kmaMs'ku }kjk
buds jktLFkkuh dfork laaxzg ^^?kj rks ,d uke gS Hkjksls jks**
ds fy, fcgkj iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
jEer fFk;sVj xzqi] tks/kiqj ds laLFkkid gSa] ftls ns'k ds
izfrf”Br jax&lewgksa essa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA MkW- pkj.k ds
ukVdksa dh izLrqfr dbZ jk”Vªh; ,oa varjkZ”Vªh; jaxeap lekjksgksa
esa dh xbZ gS] ftlesa Hkkjaxe Hkh 'kkfey gSA
iqjLdkj
jktLFkkuh lkfgR; vdkneh & iqjLdkj] 1980
lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh iqjLdkj] 1992
jktLFkkuh Hkk”kk lkfgR; ,oe~ laLd`fr vdkneh dk loksZPp
iqjLdkj] 1997
jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh iqjLdkj] 1999
ek:&ikjEik lEeku] 2004
fcgkjh iqjLdkj] ds-ds- fcM+yk Q+kmaMs'ku] 2011
laxhr ukVd vdkneh iqjLdkj] ubZ fnYyh] 2012
orZeku esa] os jktLFkku ls igys ,sls O;fDr gSa ftUgsa Hkkjr ds
izfrf”Br jax&laLFkku jk”Vzh; ukV~; fo|ky; dk dk;Zdkjh
v/;{k cuk;k x;kA
funs'kd] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
izks- okeu dsUnzs
dyk Lukrd rFkk MkW- vacsMdj ejkBokM+k fo'ofo|ky;]
vkSjaxkckn ls ukV~;dyk dk ,d o”khZ; izoh.krk lfVZfQ+dsV
izkIr izks- okeu dsUnzs lu~ 1982 cSp ds jk-uk-fo- Lukrd gSaA jk-
uk-fo- funs'kd dk inHkkj xzg.k djus ls iwoZ vki eqacbZ
fo'ofo|ky; dh ,dsMeh vkWQ+ fFk,Vj vkV~Zl ds izksQs+lj o
funs'kd in ij lu~ 2003 ls 2013 rd dk;Zjr FksA
rhl o”kksZa ds nh?kZ f'k{k.k&vuqHko ds lkFk&lkFk vki jaxeap
ds fofo/k fo”k;ksa dh ns'k o fons'k esa 205 ls vf/kd ukV~;
dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu o v/;kiu dj pqds gSaA dsjy ds
yksd o vkuq”Bkfud jaxeap ij O;ogkj tfur 'kks/kdk;Z djus
ds vykok ,u-lh-ih-,-] eqEcbZ ds fFk,Vj MsoyiesUV lsUVj esa
vki lk<+s ukS o”kZ rd 'kks/k lgk;d ds :Ik esa dk;Z dj pqds
gSaA vki uS'kuy lsUVj Q+kWj ijQ+kWfeZax vkV~Zl] eqEcbZ
fo'ofo|ky; vkSj jaxihB] eqacbZ tSls laLFkkuksa dh iz'kklfud
o laxBukRed xfrfof/k;ksa esa yxkrkj lfØ; jgs gSaA
vki vusd ijke'kZ lfefr;ksa o 'kkldh; fudk;ksa ds lnL; jgs
gSa] ftuesa izeq[k gSa & fot+u Iyku desVh ¼jk-uk-fo-½] jkT; ejkBh
fodkl laLFkk ¼egkjk”Vª jkT; ljdkj½] ijke'kZ lfefr ukVd
foHkkx ¼jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj½] xofuZax dkmafly
rFkk ,fXt+D;wfVo desVh ¼if'pe {ks= lkaLÑfrd dsUnz]
mn;iqj½] ,dSMfed dkmafly ¼eqacbZ fo'ofo|ky;½] fot+u
Iyku desVh ¼xksok jkT; ljdkj½] vkdk'kok.kh o nwjn'kZu dh
ijke'kZ lfefr ¼Hkkjr ljdkj½] lkslk;Vh ,.M xofuZax
dkmafly ¼,l-vkj-,Q-Vh-vkbZ-vkbZ-½A vki Hkkjr ljdkj ds
Iykfuax deh'ku dh izn'kZudkjh dykvksa dh X;kjgoha iapo”khZ;
;kstuk ds Hkh lnL; gSaA
vkids }kjk funsZf'kr ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa esa T+kqyok ¼2005½] e/;e
O;k;ksx ¼2004½] tkuseu ¼jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy 2002½] VSEIV eh ukWV
¼,u-lh-ih-,-] 1992½ uVh xksrh ¼1990½] x/ks dh ckjkr ¼,l-vkj-
lh-] 1988½] yM+h ut+fj;k ¼jk-uk-fo-] 1994½] lSa;k Hk, dksroky
rFkk jktn'kZu ¼ bIVk] eqacbZ&1983 ,oa 86½ vkt Hkh lekt ds
,sls rcd+ksa ds laosnu'khy fp=.k ds fy, ehy dk iRFkj le>h
tkrh gSa] ftuds fo”k; esa dksbZ ckr ugha djuk pkgrkA vkids
ukVd ^pkj fnol izseps* dk 1000oka izn'kZu & 1 ebZ] 2009 dks
gqvkA egkjk”Vª ljdkj dh lu~ 1989 dh O;kolkf;d ukV~;
Li/kkZ esa Js”B ukVd ,oa Js”B funsZ'ku ds rhuksa iqjLdkj thrus ds
vkids dhfrZeku dks vkt rd dksbZ vU; funsZ’kd rksM+ ugha ik;k
gSA jaxeap ds {ks= esa vkidh cgqeq[kh izfrHkk ds fy, vkidks dbZ
iqjLdkjksa@lEekuksa ls uokt+k x;k gS] ftuesa izeq[k gSa & laxhr
ukVd vdkneh dk ukV~;&funsZ'ku dk lEeku ¼2012½ izFke
euksgj flag Le`fr iqjLdkj ¼2004½] eaqcbZ ejkBh xzUFk laxzgky;
iqjLdkj ¼1989½] egkjk”Vª ljdkj jkT; iqjLdkj ¼8 ckj½]
lg;ksx Q+kmaMs'ku vokWMZ ¼1999½] ejkBokM+k xkSjo iqjLdkj
¼2002½ egkjk”Vª VkbEl vokWMZ ¼2006½] ukV~; niZ.k iqjLdkj
¼1989] 1992] 1996½] in~eJh n;k iokj Le`fr iqjLdkj ¼2007½
rFkk fi;k ckojh ds fy, Js”B laxhr dk jkT; iqjLdkjA
73
 ladk;
vfHku;
f=iqjkfj 'kekZ
çksQ+slj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls vaxzst+h esa Lukrd vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls funsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk fMIyksek çkIr
f=iqjkfj 'kekZ dbZ ukVdksa dk ys[ku&funsZ'ku djus ds vykok ns'k o fons'k dh vusd jax&eaMfy;ksa ls
lac) jgh gSaA ,d ç[;kr ukVddkj ds :i esa tgk¡ mUgksaus cgw rFkk dkB dh xkM+h tSls ukVd fy[ks gSa]
vusd Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR;d ukVdksa tSls fd va/kk;qx o v‚Fksyks dk vuqokn fd;k gS ogha dbZ fQYeksa tSls
fd ^fepZ elkyk* o ^gt+kj pkSjklh dh ek¡ ds fy, ys[ku dk;Z Hkh fd;k gSA mUgksaus 1986 esa vesfjdk esa
vk;ksftr igys varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk ukVddkj lEesyu esa Hkkjr dk çfrfuf/kRo fd;kA og ukSVadh] [;ky]
iaMokuh tSlh yksd&'kSfy;ksa ds lkFk dke dj pqdh gSaA muds ukVdksa dk ns'k dh fofHkUu; Hkk"kkvksa] vaxzst+h
rFkk ^dkB dh xkM+h* dk ÝSap esa vuqokn gqvk gSA mUgsa jaxeap esa fof'k”V dk;Z gsrq 1986 esa laL—fr iqjLdkj]
1990 esa fnYyh ukVî la?k lEeku vkSj m-ç- laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds lQ+nj gk'keh iqjLdkj ls lEekfur
fd;k x;k gSA çks- 'kekZ Hkkjr dh mu 99 fof'k"V efgykvksa esa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa ,d varjkZ"Vªh; igy }kjk
^ukscsy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ds fy, gt+kj efgyk,a* ds fy, ukfer fd;k x;k gSA
gsek flag
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;
gsek flag tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h gSa] jk-uk-fo- ds bafVxzsVsM dkslZ ¼1982½ dh Lukrd gSa vkSj jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
ds lkFk nl o”kksZa rd dke dj pqdh gSaA vkius vc rd ns'k&fons'k ds [;kruke funsZ'kdksa ds lkFk ipkl
ls vf/kd izeq[k Hkwfedkvksa esa vfHku; fd;k gSA ikjlh fFk,Vj rFkk eap ij dkO;&izLrqfr ds {ks= esa muds
uoksUes”kdkjh dk;Z dks fo'ks”k iz'kalk feyh gSA ikjlh 'kSyh esa 15 ukVdksa dh izLrqfr ds vykok vkius vusd
vU; 'kSfy;ksa ds ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k gSA vkius jaxeap laca/kh vusd fo'ys”k.kkRed ys[k fy[ks gSa]
ukVdksa dk vuqokn fd;k gS vkSj fgUnh nSfud ^tulŸkk* dh ukV~;&leh{kd Hkh jgh gSaA fLVªUMcxZ ds
ukVd ^v Mªhe Iys* dk vkidk vuqokn dsUnzh; lkfgR; vdkneh us izdkkf'kr fd;k FkkA vkius ,u-lh-bZ-
vkj-Vh-] Vsyhfot+u o jsfM;ks ds fy, fLØIV~l fy[kh gSaA jk-uk-fo-] Jhjke lsUVj] e- iz- ukV~; fo|ky; rFkk
HkkjrsUnq ukV~; vdkneh vkfn esa vki ok.kh ,oa laHkk”k.k dh vfrfFk ladk; gSaA vki baXySaM] vkWLVªsfy;k]
iksyS.M] teZuh] osYl] ekWfj'kl rFkk Jhyadk esa ukV~; dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu o vfHku; dj pqdh gSaA o”kZ
2008 esa jk-uk-fo- }kjk izfrf”Br ^euksgj flag Le`fr vokWMZ* ls lEekfur dh tk pqdh gSaA /kkjkokfgd dSjh esa
mudh ^bejrh nsoh* uked Hkwfedk ds fy, mUgsa ^csLV ,DVªsl bu fuxsfVo jksy* Js.kh esa ^bafM;u Vsyhfot+u
vdkneh vokWMZ* fn;k x;kA
vCnqy yrhQ+ [kVkuk
,lksfl,V çksQslj] vfHku; o laLdkj jax Vksyh izeq[k
1986 esa jk"Vªh; ukVî fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk Lukrd mikf/k çkIr vCnqy yrhQ+ [kVkuk
ns'k&fons'k esa çLrq~r dbZ ukVdksa dh ladYiuk] ys[ku o funsZ'ku djus ds vykok vfHku; ij vusd
dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu dj pqds gSaA vki d'ehj fLFkr vnch laxr rFkk ukVî laLFkk fdjnkj ds
laLFkkid gSaA os laLdkj jax Vksyh ds laLFkkid vfHkusrk&f'k{kd Fks vkSj orZeku esa mlds çeq[k ds :i esa
dk;Zjr gSaA vkidks Vksyh ds igys jk"Vªh; jaxeap mRlo ^t'us&cpiu* o mlds ckn gq, cky yksd
dykdkjksa ds mRlo ^cky laxe* dh ladYiuk vkSj vk;kstu dk Js; tkrk gSA Jh [kVkuk us Ldwyksa]
laLFkkuksa vkSj xS+j ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj cPpksa ds fy, jaxeap@ukVd
dh vko';drk dks dbZ Lrjksa ij js[kkafdr fd;k gSA vkius ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ds fy, 1&12oha d{kk ds cPpksa
gsrq jaxeap@ukVd laca/kh ikBîØe rS;kj djus esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
74
fnus'k [kUuk
,lksfl,V çksQs+lj] vfHku;
y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd o Hkkjrsanq ukVî vdknseh y[kuÅ ls vfHku; esa fMIyksek vkSj jk"Vªh;
ukVî fo|ky; ls 1986 esa vfHku; esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek çkIr fnus'k [kUuk fiNys chl o"kksaZ ls vfHku;]
funsZ'ku] f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr gSaA lkfgR; ,oa vuqokn esa mudh fo'ks"k #fp gS vkSj jaxeap ij dbZ
vkys[k fy[k pqds gSaA ^dqN vkalw dqN Qwy* o ^vfHku; fparu* mudh çdkf'kr iqLrdsa gSaA
vfHkyk"k fiYyS
,lksfl,V izksQ+slj] vfHku;
tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] ubZ fnYyh ls lu~ 2012 esa ih,p-Mh- rFkk jkMk] yanu ls jax&çLrqfr vkSj
eap çca/ku esa nks o”khZ; fMIyksek] jk-uk-fo- ls vfHkdYiu o funsZ'ku esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek] dkyhdV
fo'ofo|ky;] dsjy ls jaxeap dykvksa esa Lukrd mikf/k izkIr vfHkyk”k fiYyS us ns'k&fons'k esa fofHkUu
Hkk”kkvksa ds ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k gS] Hkkjr vkSj baXySaM ds izeq[k izdk'kuksa esa ys[k fy[ks gSa vkSj vusd
lsfeukjksa o dk;Z'kkykvksa esa fgLlk fy;k gSA buds dk;ksZa esa 'kkL=h; ls ysdj vk/kqfud rd gj rjg dh
lkexzh 'kkfey jgrh gS ijUrq lHkh dks ,d ledkyhu lkSUn;Zijd 'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA vki
varjkZ”Vªh; lg;ksx ls fufeZr dbZ izLrqfr;ksa esa izeq[k funsZ'kd jgs gSaA gky gh esa vkidh ladYiuk vkSj
funsZ'ku esa igyh ckj jk-uk-fo- us dsjy ds xzSaM ldZl ds lg;ksx ls ^DykmUl ,aM DykmM~l* izLrqfr dk
eapu fd;kA vki Hkkjr jax egksRlo ¼Hkkjr dk varjkZ”Vªh; ukV~; lekjksg½ ds yxkrkj fiNys ik¡p o”kksZa rd
rduhdh funsZ'kd jgs vkSj lu~ 2009 ls dsjy esa gks jgs jk”Vªh;&varjkZ”Vªh; ukV~;ksRlo ds
D;wjsVj@vkfVZfLVd Mk;jsDVj gSaA Jh fiYyS us ^lh- ,u- JhdkUr uk;j & v fot+u ,.M fe'ku vkWQ+ v
fFk,Vj ,fDVfoLV* uked thou ifjpk;d iqLrd fy[kh gS ftls dsUnzh; lkfgR; vdkneh us lu~ 2007 esa
izdkf'kr fd;kA vki fnYyh ds vusd vxz.kh laLFkkuksa ds fFk,Vj dkWEiysDlksa ds fuekZ.k esa lykgdkj]
fMt+kbuj o vkfdZVsDV jg pqds gSaA vusd ns'kh&fons'kh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds vfrfFk ladk; gSaA fnYyh o
dsjy ds vU;kU; fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds cksMZ vkWQ+ LVMht+ ds lnL; gSaA lu~ 2008 ls 11 rd vki jk-uk-fo- ds
'kS{kf.kd ladk;k/;{k jgsA vki gh ds dk;Zdky esa jk-uk-fo- rFkk jkMk] yanu ds chp Nk= fofue; dk;ZØe
dk 'kqHkkjaHk gqvkA
ukV~; lkfgR;
‘kkaruq cksl
,lksfl,V izksQs+lj] fo'o jaxeap
ladk;k/;{k] 'kS{kf.kd
fiNys 29 o”kksZa esa dksydkrk o fnYyh esa 50 ls vf/kd ukV~; izLrqfr;ksa dk l`tu dj pqds 'kkaruq
cksl ^ckWMh&osnj* ¼'kjhj&izÑfr½ /kkjk ds jaxdehZ gSaA vf/kdrj izLrqfr;k¡ Hkkjr vkSj ,f'k;k] ;wjksi o
vkWLVªsfy;k esa vusd LFkkuksa ij gqbZ gSaA vkidh fo'ks”k #fp cgqlaLÑfr ifjfLFkfr;ksa okys ,sls izn'kZu
rS;kj djus esa gksrh gS tks ;q)] ySafxdrk ,oa foLFkkiu tSls eqÌksa ij dsfUnzr gksaA
75
 ladk;
vfHkdYiu ,oa jax rduhd
v'kksd lkxj Hkxr
çksQs+lj] jaxeap LFkkiR;
jk-uk-fo- ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d [;kfrçkIr çdk'k o –'; ifjdYid gSaA os laxhr
ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj ls lEefk~ur ¼2002½ gSa vkSj orZeku esa vk/kqfud fopkjksa ds lkFk çkS|ksfxdh ds
ç;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrksa ds iqu#)kj esa layXu gSaA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= esa
muds }kjk fn, x, ;ksxnku esa g‚bfLVax flLVe ds fy, Lokoyach Lisl Ýs+e dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj
Mª‚i&dVsZu v‚ijs'ku dk ifjp;] jk-uk-fo- ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj esa Hkkjr dk igyk ^ykbV&l‚¶+V&iSfpax*
'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus fpUe; fe'ku ¼fnYyh½ ds :i esa Hkkjr dk igyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj fn;k gSA mUgksaus
iVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd esa cuh çsepan jax'kkyk dk Hkh uohdj.k fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ LikWfVaZx
g‚bfLVax flLVe ds vykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh esa cuwj fLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k
lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gS ftlesa mUgksaus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj czsy&inkZ
cuk;k gSA çks- Hkxr tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdf.kZLrku] d+t+kd+Lrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkt+hy esa
vk;ksftr ^Q+SLVhoYl v‚Q+ bafM;k* ds rduhdh funs'kd jg pqds gSaA mUgksasus ^cSafMV Dohu* vkSj ^gt+kjksa
[+okfg'ksa ,slh* fQ+Yeksa esa dyk&funsZ'kd ds rkSj ij mR—"V dk;Z fd;k gSA
vejthr 'kekZ
,lksfl,V izksQs+lj] eap VSDuksykWftLV
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 esa jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk foHkkx esa dk;Z vkjaHk
fd;kA rnqijkar os 1994 esa eap VSDuksy‚ftLV ds in ij fu;qDr gq,A ukVdksa ds eapu vkSj lacaf/kr
xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq eap ifjdYiuk,a] ;kstuk,a vkSj e‚My rS;kj djuk mudk nkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls 2013
ds chp gq, Hkkjr jax egksRloksa] 1998 ls 2013 ds chp gq, t'uscpiu vkSj 2000&2001 esa vk;ksftr Hkkjr
esa teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc rd og 2000 ls T+;knk ukVdksa ds eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk
mYys[kuh; dk;Z dj pqds gSaA mUgksaus Vsyhfot+u /kkjkokfgdksa ds fy, Hkh eap ifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jk-uk-fo-
dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Z ds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgksaus 1998 esa Hkkjr&tkiku
lkaL—frd vknku&çnku dk;ZØe ds rgr VksD;ks esa vk;ksftr mUur jax&rduhd dk;ZØe esa Hkh Hkkx
fy;kA bl chp mUgksaus jkW;LVu ,cy }kjk funsZf'kr ^ekaxfu;kj flMD'ku* ds vykok dbZ ukVdksa dh
n`';&ifjdYiuk dk fu”iknu fd;k gS vkSj nqfu;k Hkj esa dbZ ns'kksa dk nkSjk fd;k gSA
76
v#.k dqekj efyd
lgk;d izksQslj ¼eap f'kYi½
vkidk tUe o ikyu&iks”k.k vksMh’kk esa gqvkA vkius yfyr dykvksa ¼f'kYidyk½ esa viuh ch-,Q-,- mRdy
fo'ofo|ky; ls iw.kZ dhA vkius o”kZ 2007 esa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls vfHku; esa LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek izkIr
fd;kA rc ls vki ,d vfHkusrk] funsZ'kd] eap lkexzh vfHkdYid ds :Ik esa dk;Z dj jgs gSaA vkius 250 ls
Hkh vf/kd ukVdksa esa vfHkdYid ,oa dykdkj ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;k gSA vkius dqN fQ+Yeksa vkSj Vhoh
/kkjkokfgdks esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA vkidks ;w-ds- esa Ñf=e :Ik lTtk ¼izksLFksfVd esdvi½ esa v/;;u ds fy,
pkYlZ okWysl bafM;u VªLV Q+Syksf'ki ls uokt+k x;k gSA vkius ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa dbZ jaxeap
dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu fd;k gSA vkidks o”kZ 2014&15 esa laxhr ukVd vdknseh }kjk fcfLeYykg [+kku
;qok iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA vki ebZ 2017 ls lgk;d izksQslj ds in ij jkukfo esa dk;Z dj jgs
gSaA
foLrkj dk;ZØe
vfers'k xzksoj
vfLlVSUV izksQ+slj] foLrkj dk;ZØe
vfers'k xzksoj
1980 esa tUes vfers'k xzksoj ubZ fnYyh] bafM;k esa ijQksZesal csLM dykdkj gSaA vki leLr izLrqfr;ksa] ukVdksa
dh fo”k;oLrq] eap lkexzh] Nfo;ksa] eap LFkkiR; ,oa fQYeksa dks rS;kj djus esa leLr dyk&fo/kkvksa ds
lg;ksx ls l`ftr djrs gSaA
vkids gky gh ds dk;ksZa esa cSd Vw odZ lhjht+ ¼2017½] ekWfuZax lhfjt+ ¼2016½] Lyhi lhjht+ ¼2014½ 'kkfey
gSaA vkids izkstsDV~l izk;% nkf;Ro iw.kZ jgrs gSa] tks dyk esa dk;ksZa dks vkSj dk;ksZa esa dyk dh [kkst djrs gSaA
vius izkstsDV~l dks cukus ds fy, os dbZ Hkwfedk,a] tSls ,d dykdkj] vkxarqd] Ik;Zos{kd] funsZ'kd]
lk{kkRdkjdrkZ] dksMj] deZpkjh] ys[kd ,oa dykdkj dk izHkkoh :Ik ls iz;ksx djrs gSaA vkids vH;kl
vkidh izLrqfr esa] rduhdh esa vkSj dyk esa izn'kZu dh [kkst djrs gSaA
vkidks izLrqfr vkSj n`'; dyk nksuksa esa ljkguk feyh gSA gkSt+ Msj dqyVsjsu Msj osYV ¼teZuh 2015½ esa vkidks
QkWjdkLV iqjLdkj ds fy, Hkh ukfer fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkidks dbZ iqjLdkjksa vkSj jsflMsalht+ ls uokt+k x;k
gS] ftuesa vkrsZ yxquk iqjLdkj ¼bVyh 2013½ Vksfd;ks dYpj fØ,'ku izkstsDV ¼tkiku 2013½ ds ,e , Vh
jsflMsalh ¼vkLVªsfy;k 2011½ mLrkn fcfleYykg [+kku vokMZ ¼2009½ ,oa izksgsyosfr;k jsflMsalh
¼fLoVt+jyS.M 2008½ 'kkfey gSaA vkids dk;ksZa dks teZuh] vkLVªsfy;k] bVyh] fLoVtjyS.M] baXyS.M]
eSfDldks] phu] fQfyikbUl o ;wukbfVM LVsV~l esa ukV~; mRloksa ,oa izn'kZfu;ksa esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
vkius ih,lhVh ¼PACT½] blhu ¼teZuh 2017½ esa bEiSDV 17 ¼IMPACT 17½] baVjus'kuy VªkalfMflIyhujh
flEiksft+;e] fdj.k ukMj E;wft;e ¼fnYyh 2017½ esa gkm Vw izksM~;wl odZySluSl] ijQksZesal LVMht+]
baVjus'kuy ¼gSEcxZ 2017½ esa ,oa ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ ,Dt+sVj ¼;wukbVsM fdaxMe 2016½ esa n'kZd] vuqHko] bPNk
ij ^ijQksZekihfM;k* ij okrkZ,a dh gSaA
vki jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ¼Hkkjr½ ds iwoZ Nk= jgs gSa vkSj ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ vkV~Zl yanu] ;w-ds- ¼2005½ esa
pkYlZ okyl LdkWyj jgs gSaA dbZ dyk] ifjdYiuk vkSj LFkkiR; dkWyst esa vfrfFk ladk; ds vfrfjDr vki
jk-uk-fo- esa o”kZ 2012 ls v/;kiu dj jgs gSa tgk¡ vki ijQksZesal eSfdax vkSj ijQksZesal LVsMt+ dks vH;kl o
fl)kar nksuksa ds t+fj, i<+krs gSaA vkids dk;Z fopkj vkSj izsl leh{kk,a www.amiteshgrover.com ij
vkWuykbu miyC/k gSaA
77
 jaxeaMy] izeq[k
Jh lqjs'k 'kekZ
HkkjrsUnq ukV~; vdknseh] y[kuÅ ls jaxeap dyk esa fMIyksek vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls vfHku; esa LukrdksŸkj
fMIyksek izkIr Jh lqjs'k 'kekZ us fnYyh dh laHko ukV~; laLFkk ds lkFk Lora= jaxdehZ ds rkSj ij 'kq:vkr
dhA 1985&86 esa xqykc ckbZ vkSj eqnzkjk{kl ds ekxZn'kZu esa mUgksaus mŸkj izns'k dh ukSVadh 'kSyh esa
Qs+yksf'ki dhA mUgksaus eaMh] fgekpy izns'k esa ,d jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj Jhjke lsaVj Q+kWj ijQ+kWfeZax
vkV~lZ] fnYyh ds dykRed&funsZ'kd ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;kA laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvksa dk
lapkyu djus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus dbZ ukVdksa dk funsZ'ku fd;k vkSj tkus&ekus funsZ'kdksa ds funsZ'ku esa
dbZ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgksaus LrkfuLykOLdh vfHku; iz.kkyh ds igys :Ik dk fgUnh
vuqokn fd;k vkSj jaxeaMy dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dk v/;;u djus ds fy, fons'k ;k=k dhA muds }kjk
funsZf'kr ukVdksa esa ^va/kk;qx*] ^bfMil*] ^vk/ks&v/kwjs*] ^l[kkjke ckbaMj* vkSj ^tq+ywl* vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
mudks eksg.kk ukVd ds fy, lkfgR; dyk ifj”kn~ vkSj laxhr ukVd vdknseh }kjk lEekfur fd;k x;k
gSA
78
iz'kklfud o rduhdh vf/kdkjh/deZpkjh
Jh iznhi dqekj eksgarh
jftLVªkj
Jh eksgUrh dks jk-uk-fo- eas vkus ls iwoZ] iz'kklu esa dk;Z djus dk 16 o”kksZa ls Hkh vf/kd dk vuqHko gSA
dkmafly vkWQ+ lkbafVfQ+d ,aM baMLVªh;y fjlpZ esa ik¡p o”kksZa rd dk;Z djus ds mijkUr bUgksaus iz'kklfud
vf/kdkjh ds :Ik esa fejkaMk gkml esa dk;Zxzg.k fd;k vkSj 11 o”kksZa ls Hkh vf/kd le; rd ogk¡ dk;Z fd;kA
fejkaMk gkml ds 8 o”kksZa dk dk;Zdky iw.kZ djus ds mijkar os ofj”B Js.kh esa FksA os fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds
fofHkUu dkWystksa esa] iz'kklfud] yScksjsVjh vkSj iqLrdky; LVkQ+ ds fy,] 'kSf{kf.kd iz'kklu tSls fo”k; ij]
dk;Z'kkykvksa vkSj izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dks vk;ksftr djus ds dk;Z ls Hkh tqM+s gq, FksA bUgksaus fnukad
10@07@2015 dks jk-uk-fo- esa jftLVªkj dk inHkkj laHkkykA
vks-ih- lkxj
mi jftLVªkj
Jh vks- ih- lkxj us o”kZ 1990 esa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa ys[kkdkj ds in ij dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA rnqijkar
o”kZ 2013 esa os ys[kkf/kdkjh cus vkSj o”kZ 2015 esa os mi&jftLVªkj ds in ij inksUur gq,A bUgksaus bXuw ls
tu&iz'kklu esa LukrdksŸkj mikf/k izkIr dh gSA bUgsa jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds jk”Vªh; o varjkZ”Vªh; Lrj
ds fØ;k&dykiksa dks laHkkyus dk c`gn~ iz'kklfud vuqHko gSA os jk-uk-fo- ds Nk=ksa ds lkFk Vªwi izca/kd
cudj chftax] phu Hkh tk pqds gSa tgk¡ ij Nk=ksa us fnukad 18&22 ebZ] 2011 rd ,f'k;k fFk,Vj ,tqds'ku
lsaVj 6Bs baVjus'kuy Qksje ds varxZr izLrqfr iznf'kZr dh FkhA bUgksaus jk-uk-fo- ds Nk=ksa ds lkFk fnukad 26
vDrwcj ls 9 uoacj] 2015 rd chftax] phu esa LksaVªy vdknseh vkWQ Mªkek }kjk lapkfyr fd, x, ,f'k;u
VªsfM'kuy fFk,Vj dk;Z'kkykvksa ds nwljs l= esa Hkh izfrHkkfxrk dh tks fd ;wusLdks ds varxZr jaxeap f'k{kk
ij vk/kkfjr FkkA o”kksZa ls Jh lkxj jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvksa vkSj lekjksgksa ds izca/ku ds fy,] Nk=ksa }kjk 'kSf{kd
Hkze.k ds fy, ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa nkSjs dj pqds gSaA bUgksaus Jh vf[kys'k [kUuk }kjk funZsf'kr ukVd
^^ldZl 2004^^ vkSj Jh vferkHk JhokLro }kjk funsZf'kr ukVd ^^pSuiqj dh nkLrku^^ essa vfHku; Hkh fd;k
gSA
izLrqfr foHkkx ijkx lekZg
izLrqfr izca/kd
vfHku; fo”k; esa fo'ks”kKrk izkIr] jk”Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Lukrd] Jh ijkx lekZg us jk-uk-fo- ds
jaxeaMy esa yxHkx ckjg o”kksZa rd dykdkj o eap izca/kd ds :Ik esa dk;Z fd;kA bUgksaus iSarkyhl ls Hkh
vf/kd ukVdksa esa vfHku; fd;k gSA funsZ'kd ds :Ik esa budh izLrqfr ^ij'kqjke* dks jk”Vªh; Lrj ij ljkguk
feyh vkSj mls ukanhdkj jk”Vªh; jax mRlo vkSj Hkkjr jaxegksRlo esa izLrqr fd;k x;kA bUgksaus jk-uk-fo-
jaxeaMy ds fy, ^gSyks vkmV ns;j* dk funsZ'ku fd;k vkSj dbZ izLrqfr;ksa ds fy, izdk'k ifjdYiuk dh
ftuesa ^jkLrs*] ^ifj.kfr*] ^HkkaM nqgkbZ*] ^rktegy dk VSaMj*] ^canh izeFk*] ^gT+kkj pkSjklh dh ek¡*] ^fo[kafMr
Nk;k* 'kkfey gSaA lkFk gh mUgksusa xhr ,oa ukVd izHkkx dh izLrqfr 'kr:ik ds fy, /ofu o izdk'k
ifjdYiuk esa lgk;rk Hkh dhA vki dbZ ,u- th- vks- ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj fnYyh esa vlfe;k ukV~; :iksa]
dFkkokpu] laxhr] izLrqfrijd jax dk;Z'kkykvksa dks vk;ksftr o lapkfyr dj vle dh le`) lkaLÑfrd
fojklr dh vksj] ;qok ih<+h dk :>ku c<+kus dk dk;Z djrs jgs gSaA orZeku esa Jh lekZg fo|ky; esa izLrqfr
izca/kd gSa vkSj os fo|ky; }kjk dbZ o”kksZa ls ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vk;ksftr fd, tkus okys iwokZsŸkj ukV~;
lekjksg esa lQy leUo;u djrs jgs gSaA
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 fo|ky; ds izkf/kdkjh vuqHkkxk/;{k
dk;Zokgd v/;{k ladk;k/;{k lgk;d] ¼funs'kd d{k½
vtZqu nso pkj.k 'kkaruq clq ¼'kSf{kd ekeys½ eksfgUnj
funs'kd fnus'k [kUuk ¼osyQs;j½ lgk;d ¼'kS{kf.kd ½
okeu dsUnzs izLrqfr izca/kd fot;iky of'k”V
jftLVªkj ijkx lekZg lgk;d ¼izdk'k ,oa /ofu foHkkx½
iznhi dqekj eksgUrh iqLrdky;k/;{k fdj.k dqekj
izeq[k] jaxeaMy vfuy JhokLro
lqjs'k 'kekZ ys[kkf/kdkjh laxhr foHkkx
izeq[k] laLdkj jax Vksyh lh- Mh- frokjh rky oknd xzsM&2
vCnqy yrhQ [k+Vkuk lgk;d funs'kd ¼jktHkk”kk½ ih- osVzh Hkwifr
mi jftLVªkj psruk of'k”V flrkj oknd
vks- ih- lkxj /ofu rduhf'k;u ';ke jLrksxh
,l- euksgju
eap izca/kd
xksfoUn flag ;kno
lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ys[kk½
eukst jesyk
lEink izca/kd
,- ds- c:vk
lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼iz'kk-½
uohu fc”V
dks”kk/;{k
vfuy iqjh
QksVksxzkQ+j
nhid dqekj
lwpuk ,oa iqLrdky; lgk;d
jktu
lgk;d ¼laLdkj jax Vksyh½
ch-,l-jkor

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