Ergo Final Na Final PDF

QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
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ERGONOMICS WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
“Ergonomically Cart”
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Presented to the Faculty of Industrial Engineering Directorate
Quezon City Polytechnic University
Novaliches, Quezon City
In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree in
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
______________________
Submitted by:
Dalire, Vicel
Dela Cruz, Christian
Delos Santos, Vincent Paul
Dometita, Joshua
Frogosa , Jumer
Ibana, Nataniel
Laxamana, Michelle Ann
Literal, Minerva
Matas, Romel
Mamparo, Jeremieh
Mateo, Jhun Virgilio
Mendiola, Carl Vincent
Neri, Elijah James
Oliva, Kristine
BSIE-3G
Submitted to:
Engr. Rowel D. Alarcon
March 15, 2018
Industrial Engineering Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks to our Professor Engr. Rowel D. Alarcon
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who gave as the opportunity to do this product presentation, which also helped us in
conducting a time study. We are grateful because we manage to complete this product
presentation within the time given by our instructor/professor.
And, we would like to thank our parents and friends for the support to helped us and
willingness to finalizing this product presentation.
Together, we sincerely acknowledge and give thanks the person/s mentioned above who
have brought the success of doing this documentation project. We are very thankful for
this wonderful accomplishment.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I Problem and its Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Profile of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Page | 3
Assessment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter II Project Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Gantt Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
PERT-CPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Fishbone Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Why Why Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Ergonomics Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Chapter III Findings and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fishbone Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Cost and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Comparison of old and new cart checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Anthropometric data of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Actual Picture of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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Chapter IV Design and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Actual Autocad of the cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Product Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Page | 4
Actual Picture during the assembly of the cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chapter V Project Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter VI Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Bills of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chapter VII Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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CHAPTER I
Problem and its background

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I. Profile of the beneficiary
Name: Cirilo Brusas

Age: 56 yrs old Page | 6
Gender: Male
Address: 2942 Brgy 174 Area C King Solomon St. Camarin
Caloocan City
Type of Business: Scrap Collector
Business Location: Camarin North
Montly Income: 4,500 Php
Date of birth: January 17. 1961
Contact no: N/A
Civil Status: Married
Weight: 48 kg
Picture of beneficiary:

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II. Assessment Question
Workstation Checklist
“NO” responses indicate potential problem areas which should receive further
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investigation.
QUESTIONS YES NO
1. Does the work space allow for full range of movement?
2. Are mechanical aids and equipment available?
3. Is the height of the work surface adjustable?
4. Can the work surface tilted and angled?
5. Is the workstation design to reduce work or eliminate?
Bending or twisting at the wrist?
Reaching above the shoulder?
Static muscle loading?
Full extension of the arm?
Raised elbows?
6. Are the workers able to vary posture?
7. Are the hands and arms free from sharp edges on the work
surfaces?
8. Is the arm rest provided when needed?
9. Is the footrest provided when needed?

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10. Is the floor surface free from obstacle and flat?
11. Are cushioned floor mats provided for employees required to

stand for a long period?
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12. Are chairs or stools easily adjustable and suited to the task?
13. Are all task elements visible from the comfortable positions?
14. Is there a preventive maintenance program for mechanical

aids, tools, and other equipment?
Task Analysis Checklist
“NO” responses indicate potential problem areas which should receive further
investigation.
QUESTIONS Yes No
1. Does the design of the primary task reduce or eliminate?
Bending or twisting of the back or trunk?
Crouching?
Bending or twisting the wrist?
Extending the arms?
Raised elbows?
Static muscle loading?
Clothes wringing motions?

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Finger pinch grip?
2. Are mechanical devices used when necessary?
3. Can the task be done at either one hand? Page | 9
4. Can the task be done at either two hands?
5. Are pushing and pulling forces kept minimal?
6. Are required forces judged acceptable by the workers?
7. Are the materials:
Able to be held without slipping?
Easy to grasp?
Free from sharp edges and comers?
8. Do containers have a good handhold?
9. Are jigs, fixtures and vises used when needed?
10. As needed, do gloves fir properly and are they made of the
proper fabric?
11. Does worker avoid contact with sharp edges when performing
the task?
12. When needed, are push buttons designed properly?
13. Does the job task allow for ready used personal equipment
that may be required?
14. Are high rates of repetitive motion avoided by:

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Job rotation?
Self-pacing?
Sufficient pauses? Page | 10
Adjusting the job skill level of worker?
15. Is employee trained in:
Proper work practices?
When and how to make adjustments?
Answer the following questions based on the primary job activities of workers in the
facility.
Use the following responses to describe how frequently workers are exposed to the
job conditions described below.
Never (worker is never exposed to the condition)
Sometimes (worker is exposed to the condition less than 3 times daily)
Usually (worker is exposed to the condition 3 times or more daily)

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Questions Never Sometimes Usually If
USUALLY,
list jobs to
which
answer Page | 11
applies here
1. Do worker perform tasks that

are externally paced?
2. Are workers required to exert
force with their hands (e.g..
gripping, pulling, pinching)?
3. Do workers use handtools or
handle parts or objects?
4. Do workers stand
continuously for the periods
of more than 30 mins?
5. Do workers sit for the periods
of more than 30 min without
the opportunity to stand or
move around freely?
6. Do workers use electronic
input devices (e.g..
keyboards, mice, joysticks,
tracks balls) for continuous
periods of more than 30 min?
7. Do workers kneel ( one or
both knees)?
8. Do workers perform activities
with hands raised above

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shoulder height?
9. Do workers perform activities
while bending or twisting at
the waist? Page | 12
10. Are workers exposed to
vibration?
11. Do workers lift or lower
objects between floor and
waist height or above
shoulder height?
12. Do workers lift or lower
objects more than once per
min for continuous periods of
more than 15 min?
13. Do workers lift, lower, or
carry large objects or objects
that cannot be held close to
the body?
14. Do workers lift, lower, or
carry objects weighting more
than 50 lb?

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OBJECTIVES
General Objective: To create, design, and improve an ergonomic cart that could
help the user/person acquire the proper application of ergonomics.
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Specific Objective:
 To provide an ergonomic cart and eliminate the hazards that can affect the
user/person.
 To educate the user/person about ergonomics and its principles and apply it to
their daily living.
 To help the user/person become aware of the good effects of knowing the
essential of ergonomics
 To avoid/prevent the possible problems and hazards that may occur to both the
user/person and its cart.
Statement of the Problem

Our beneficiary is Cirilo Brusas, 56 years old. A scrap collector for his age having
a job like this is hard especially if the cart that he is using is just a piece of wood patched
up with each other. When we saw the cart, we noticed that he picks up, the wheels are
just from a kiddie bikes, and the handles is just made from wood. His cart can cause him
injuries and diseases the dirt of his cart can give him infections that can affect whole
body entirely. Also, the handle is just made if wood. Specially cart is not ergonomically
design for him while pushing his improvise cart gives his muscles so much pressure
specially on slopes that make it hard for him to push and it can cause muscles pains that
may cause injuries. However, the profile of the beneficiary, his self-evaluation using
assessment questionnaire and any significant differences among the variable is the part of
the study.

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Scope and Limitation
This study will consider the community in terms of being aware of the
surroundings especially on how apply the principle of ergonomics. However, this study
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carries our certain scopes.
Poverty is one of the common problems in the community. Many individuals

didn’t have knowledge in ergonomics, so in able to know that we conduct a study on how
our beneficiary can apply the principle of ergonomics and it will be a part of our scope.
However, to carry out this dissertation, limitations were expected during the study,
especially the diseases will be one of the limitations of the study
Definition of Terms
 Accommodation: any modification or adjustment to a work environment that

enables an operator to perform essential job functions.
 Administrative controls: procedures and methods, set up by the employer, which

significantly reduce exposure to risk factors by altering the way in which work is
performed. Examples include job rotation and adjustment of work pace.
 Anthropometry: the science of studying human body dimensions. It is used to
design ergonomic standards, assembly procedures and workstations. The goal of
anthropometry is to minimize design incompatibility and maximize human
performance.
 Awkward posture: deviation from the ideal working posture of elbows at the
side of the torso, with the wrists neutral. It is associated with an increased risk for
injury. Awkward postures typically include reaching behind, twisting, forward or
backward bending, pinching and squatting.

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 Biomechanics: a field of study that uses the laws of physics and engineering
concepts to describe the motions of body parts and the forces acting upon them
during normal daily activities.
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 Boundary values: a guideline used to design for the 5th to 95th percentile, which
means designing for about 90 percent of a given population. The range of sizes
dictates the range of flexibility necessary for new workstations, material handling
equipment or assembly tools in order to accommodate the full range of
employees. Usually, boundary values are obtained from large existing databases.
 Carpal tunnel syndrome: a wrist disorder often associated with repetitive hand
work. Symptoms include burning, itching, prickling or tingling feelings in the
wrist or first three fingers and thumb. Carpal tunnel syndrome is more prevalent
in women than in men. It is one example of a cumulative trauma disorder.
 Chronobiology: the science of investigating and objectively quantifying

phenomena and mechanisms of the biologic time structure, such as circadian
rhythms. It is a new and rapidly developing specialty.
 Cumulative trauma disorder (CTD):premature wear and tear damage to specific

body structures. CTD injuries are mostly caused by low intensity forces applied
over a long period of time, with motions repeated over and over concentrated on
specific muscles and joints. Common examples of CTD include carpal tunnel
syndrome and tendinitis. Cumulative trauma disorder is also called “repetitive
motion injury.
 ” DeQuervain’s disease: an inflammation of the tendon sheath of the thumb

attributed to excessive friction between two thumb tendons and their common
sheath. It is usually caused by twisting and forceful gripping motions with the

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hands. The disorder is named after a French doctor who first described it.
Duration: the length of exposure to a risk factor. It can be measured as the
minutes or hours per day that an operator is exposed to a risk. Typically, the
greater the duration of exposure to a risk factor, the greater the degree of risk. Page | 16
 Engineering controls: physical changes to a job that reduce musculoskeletal

disorders. Examples of engineering controls include changing or redesigning
workstations, tools, equipment or processes.
 Ergonomics: the scientific study of human work. It is derived from the Greek
words ergon (work) and nomos (laws). Ergonomics considers the physical and
mental capabilities and limits of the worker as he or she interacts with tools,
equipment, work methods, tasks and the working environment.
 Ergonomist: an individual who analyzes work environments and recommends

administrative, engineering and work practice controls. Ergonomists attempt to
remove barriers to quality, productivity and safe human performance by fitting
products, tasks and environments to people.
 Exposure: a concept used to describe the particular risk factor experienced by a

worker, with a profile of modifying factors, such as intensity, time characteristics
and duration.
 Fatigue: a condition that results when the human body cannot provide enough
energy for the muscles to perform a task. There is a reduction in the ability to
exert force in response to voluntary effort.
 Force: the amount of muscular effort required to perform a task. Generally, the
greater the force, the greater the degree of risk. High force has been associated

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with work-related musculoskeletal disorders at the shoulder, neck, forearm, wrist,
hand and lower back.
 Frequency: the number of cycles occurring per time unit. Page | 17
 Global boundaries: the working population used to generate boundary values. If

global boundaries are not considered, data can easily be misrepresented. For
instance, a 95th percentile male at an auto parts assembly plant in Michigan will
be different in height and arm length from individuals working at similar plants in
China and Mexico.
 Human factors: a branch of ergonomics that focuses on cognitive performance of

humans. Job rotation: a practice in which operators are rotated through several
different assembly tasks during a shift. While two or more tasks may require
repetitive motion, a different group of muscles or tendons will be worked.
 Job rotation is a common type of work practice control. But, it is often misused--
workers get rotated into similar jobs, and so rotation has no effect. Kinesiology: a
field of study that focuses on the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation
to human movement.
 Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD): an injury or illness of soft tissues of the upper

extremity (fingers through upper arm), shoulders and neck, low back and lower
extremity (hips through toes). It is primarily caused or exacerbated by workplace
risk factors, such as sustained and repeated exertions or awkward postures and
manipulations. Included are disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments,
joints, cartilage and spinal disks. Medical conditions generally develop gradually
over a period of time and do not typically result from a single instantaneous event.

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Injuries arising from slips, trips, falls and similar accidents are not considered to
be a MSD.
 Neutral posture: a comfortable working posture that reduces the risk of Page | 18
musculoskeletal disorders. The joints are naturally aligned with elbows at the side
of the body and wrists straight. The more a joint deviates from neutral posture, the
greater the risk of injury.
 95th percentile: a term commonly used to determine ergonomic boundary values.

It means that the dimensions of an individual are greater than 95 percent of the
male population, and 100 percent of the female population, since women are
smaller than men as a population. At the 95th percentile, five out of every 100
individuals exceed the target value. Special accommodations may be required for
these particularly short or tall individuals.
 Optimal work zone: an area in front of the body defined by keeping the back
straight, the shoulders neutral and the hands between hand rest and elbow height.
 Personal protective equipment (PPE):special devices that operators wear to

provide a protective barrier between the employee and a MSD hazard. Examples
include vibration-reduction gloves, wrist braces and back support belts.
 Raynaud’s syndrome: a medical condition where blood vessels of the hand are
damaged from repeated exposure to vibration over a long period of time. The skin
and muscles do not get the necessary oxygen from the blood and eventually die.
Symptoms include intermittent numbness and tingling in the fingers; pale, ashen
and cold skin; and eventual loss of sensation and control in the hands and fingers.
Raynaud’s syndrome is also called “white finger.”

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 Reaction torque: the force created when a threaded fastener forms a solid joint
during the run-down phase.
 Recovery time: the length of rest between exertions. Inadequate rest periods Page | 19
between exertions can decrease performance. As the duration of the uninterrupted
work increases, so does the amount of recovery time needed. Short work pauses
can reduce discomfort. Repetition: the number of similar exertions performed
during a task.
 Repetition is only one risk factor and must be evaluated in terms of other factors
such as force, posture, cold and vibration.
 Repetitive motion injury: see “cumulative trauma disorder.”
 Repetitiveness: performing the same motions repeatedly. The severity of risk

depends on the frequency of repetition, speed of the movement or action, the
number of muscle groups involved and the required force.
 Risk factors: an aspect of a job that increases an operator’s chance of getting a

work-related musculoskeletal disorder. There are several basic risk factors,
including force, posture, repetition and vibration.
 Segmental vibration: vibration applied to the hands and arms through a tool or
piece of equipment. This can cause a reduction in blood flow to the hands and
fingers. It can also interfere with sensory receptor feedback, leading to increased
handgrip force to hold the tool. A strong association has been reported between
carpal tunnel syndrome and segmental vibration.
 Strain: an injury to a muscle or tendon. Tendinitis: a painful inflammation or

swelling that occurs when a muscle or tendon is repeatedly tensed from overuse

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or unaccustomed use. The elbow, shoulder and wrist are common locations for
this injury.
 Tendinitis is one example of a cumulative trauma disorder. Page | 20
 Threshold limit value (TLV): an occupational exposure value to which nearly all
workers can be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without ill effect.
Trigger finger: a tendon disorder that occurs when there is a groove in the flexing
tendon of the finger. If the tendon becomes locked in the sheath, attempts to move
the finger cause snapping and jerking movements. Trigger finger is usually
associated with tools that have handles with hard or sharp edges.
 Vibration: oscillation or periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body from

equilibrium. Electric and pneumatic tools, such as screwdrivers, generate
vibration that can cause injury over time.
 White finger: see “Raynaud’s syndrome.”
 Work practice controls: procedures for safe work that are used to reduce the
duration, frequency or severity of exposure to a hazard. They include work
methods training, job rotation and gradual introduction to work.
 Working reach envelope: the space about a person created by the reach
capabilities to grasp an object with the back straight and minimal deviation of the
elbow and shoulder from a neutral position.

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CHAPTER II
Project Methodology

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Activity Starting Time End Time Duration
Task 1 01/06/2018 01/12/2018 7 days
Task 2 01/13/2018 01/12/2018 2 days Page | 22
Task 3 01/20/2018 01/26/2018 6 days
Task 4 01/27/2018 02/03/2018 8 days
Task 5 02/04/2018 02/09/2018 5 days
Task 6 02/10/2018 02/16/2018 6 days
Task 7 02/17/2018 02/22/2018 5 days
Task 8 02/23/2018 02/26/2018 4 days
Task 9 02/27/2018 03/04/2018 6 days
Task 10 03/05/2018 03/07/2018 3 days

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GANTT CHART
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PERT-CPM
Activity Predecessors Time

Choosing the ACT
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1 Beneficiary None 7 ES # EF
Interview the
2 Beneficiary 1 2 S
3 Designing the Ergo Cart 2 1 LS D LS
4 Canvasing the Materials 3 6
5 Buying the Materials 3 8 ES- Early Start
Starting the assembling EF- Early
6 the Ergo Cart 3,5 5 Finish
Starting the distributing LS- Latest
7 the Thesis Paper 6 6 Start
Continuing the
assembling the Ergo LF- Latest
8 Cart 6 5 Finish
Continuing the Thesis
9 Paper 7 4 S- Slack
10 Finishing Ergo Cart 8 6 D- Duration
11 Finishing Thesis Paper 9 3
12 Presentation 10,11 1

3 29 7 35 35 9 39 39 11 42
1 0 0 0
29 6 35 35 4 39 39 3 42
24 6 29 42 12 43
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0 0
24 5 29 42 1 43
29 8 34 34 10 40
2 2
0 1 7 7 2 9 9 3 10 16 5 24 31 5 36 36 6 42
0 0 0 0
0 7 7 7 2 9 9 1 10 16 8 24
10 4 16
DIAGRAM
0
10 6 16

CRITICAL PATH
1-2-3-6-7-9-11-12 = 29 Days
1-2-3-5-6-7-9-11-12= 37 Days
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-9-11-12= 43 Days
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Fishbone Analysis
The main problem in this study was the of the beneficiary, so we analyze that he need a
high force required to push his cart is the main problem of this study.
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For Environment – rough route
For Machine – made of recycle woods
For Man – Too old to perform the task
For Materials – Edges, Dirty
For Methods – Didn’t apply basic principle of Ergonomics
WHY WHY ANALYSIS
WHY? BECAUSE… ACTION!
1. Why Mr. Cirilo 1. Because Mr. Cirilo 1. We made a new cart and
Brusas get hurt on his Brusas is buying or provided it a chair with foot
feet and leg everytime collecting surplus items and rest for him.
he uses his old cart? goods that he can sell to
junkshops all day by
walking, standing and
pushing his cart without
resting his feet and without
sitting.
2. Why Mr. Cirilo 2. Because Mr. Cirilo 2. We replaced those

Brusas felt numbness by Brusas's old cart have a wheels with different sizes
pushing his old cart? different wheel sizes that with a same size with

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made it harder for him to enough size that will make
push it properly. it easy for him to push it.
3. Why Mr. Cirilo 3. Because Mr. Cirilo 3. We got his hands

Page | 27
Brusas's hands and Brusas's cart's handle is anthropometric
fingers aches? inappropriate to his hands measurement and made a
anthropometric new handle that fit enough
measurement. to his hands measurement.
4. Why Mr. Cirilo 4. Because his old cart is 4. We improved his cart
Brusas often gets made up of wood that has a into a metal steel
bruises or splinters from high possibility of getting
his old cart? bruises or splinters.
5. Why Mr. Cirilo 5. Because he got a bad 5. We improved the cart's

Brusas always got a posture during his work. handle that high enough for
back pain after his all him not to crouch too much
day collecting? and we also educate him
about the bad postures he's
doing and taught him the
right or good posture for
him to avoid or at least
lessen the possibility of
getting backpain.

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Ergonomics Tools
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CHAPTER III
Findings and Results

Page | 31
Machine Method Materials

Unknowledg
Made of Some of
FISHBONE DIAGRAM
woods eable about

his tools
and also the
are too
too old principles of
heavy High force
Ergonomics
required
Beneficiary was to push his
Rough route CART
too old to
perform the
task
Man Environment
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COST AND BENEFITS
COST
Item Qty. Price Total

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Blind Revit 1 box ₱380.00 ₱380.00
Drill Bits 2 pcs. ₱80.00 ₱160.00
Welding Rod 1 box ₱225.00 ₱225.00
Pylox Paint 2 pcs. ₱100.00 ₱200.00
Metal Paint 1 liter ₱170.00 ₱170.00

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Flat Bar 3 pcs. ₱235.00 ₱705.00
Metal Pipe 1 pc. ₱420.00 ₱420.00
Angle Bar 3 pcs ₱280.00 ₱840.00
Plain Sheet 2 pcs. ₱900.00 ₱1800.00

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½ Plywood 1 pc. ₱760.00 ₱760.00
Wheels 3 pcs. ₱500.00 ₱1500.00
Labor 2 person ₱350.00 ₱700.00
Total Cost ₱7860.00

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Benefits
Materials Advantages Disadvantages
 Cost-Effective. Solid  Broken mandrels

fasteners are amongst the sometimes are left in a Page | 35
cheapest on the market. workpiece, resulting in
However, their low cost further production
doesn’t in any way detract delays and associated
from their efficacy. They costs.
provide an attractive These disadvantages ca
alternative to welding and n be overcome by
Blind adhesive joints in various cartridge-fed blind-
Rivet assembly operations. riveting systems. Such
 Increases Production systems install
Output. Solid rivets packaged sets
encourage high production of rivets with a tool
rates. The rivets are easy to having a built-in
use and do not require permanent mandrel.
specialized processes or
equipment to install.
Hydraulic tools or handheld
hammers are mostly used to
install the rivets. This
enables quick assembly of
items which helps keep
production costs down.
Drill Bits  drill bits are designed to drill  Drill bits can be very
holes through heavy duty expensive, and this is
material, even concrete and especially true if you
stone. You may not get clean need large drill bits.
cuts with other drill bits, Therefore, you might
such as masonry bits. find that the cost of your
Diamond drill bits, on the operations will increase.
other hand, will cut right However, if your project
through the toughest material is under tight deadline

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you've got, with no problem. limitations then this
extra cost might be
worth it.
 Due to uneven heating Page | 36

Welding  As no hole is required for & cooling of the
Rod welding, hence no reduction members during the
of area. So structural welding, the members
members are more effective may distort resulting in
in taking the load. additional stresses.
 The efficiency of welded  Skilled labor and
joint is more than that of the electricity are required
riveted joint. for welding.
Pylox  Spray painting is a much  Spray painting may

Paint and faster and easier painting not properly fill cracks
Metal option. You just have to fill or seal rough-sawn
Paint up the sprayer with your wood surfaces. This is
chosen paint and start spray why most painters use
painting. roll and brush for
 Spray painting helps reduce painting after spray
cost as you can cover larger application to improve
areas with less paint than the look and get a
you would have with hand longer-lasting paint
painting. As you use less job.
paint, your painting expenses  Spray paint jobs are
are naturally reduced. not always as long
lasting as brushed or
rolled brushing.
Angle  Affordable. Angle iron is a  Because it is metal it

Bar strong, lightweight product. was
Compared to other types of prone to corrosion.
materials, including other  Metal may rust,
structural steel products, especially if the

`
other metals, or the structure is located
equivalent amount of wood outside and at the mercy
or composite materials to of the rain. This not
equal the strength of angle only affects the outside
iron, it is relatively of a structure but also Page | 37
affordable for its strength the inside of it.
and durability. It compares
favorably and is a cost-
effective replacement for
many higher-priced metals,
such as aluminum, and is
competitive with both wood
and certain composites.
 Light weight. Compared to
other structural steel
components, or wood of a
similar strength, angle iron is
very light and compact. This
allows for extremely small
structures such as tables,
shelves carts or furniture that
are strong for their size, as
well as larger projects such
as low-profile utility trailers
that are light and versatile.
Angle iron is the perfect
product to use wherever
weight and strength are a
concern.
Plain  Longevity and Durability  Expensive
Sheet  Energy and Safety  It’s not particularly
strong and is expensive
compared to steel of the
same strength.
½  Electrical and heat resistance  Moisture. Moist
Plywood  Reusable, recycle and conditions can, over
recoverable material. Timber time, even soften wood

`
is a renewable material that treated to withstand
comes directly from trees in moisture, making it
sustainable forest susceptible to wet rot
management. and fungus. Such
problems can be very Page | 38
expensive to treat, and
often the best
preventative measure is
simply to use a material
that does not have this
vulnerability. Plastics
and nonporous materials
are frequently used in
applications where high
moisture is a
consideration.
Wheels  Better appearance  Not as high-strength as

 Using a wheel on a cart you steel wheels Steel
can easily transfer it to wheels are significantly
another place. stronger than alloy
wheels and are able to
take much more impact
before bending or even
cracking, like alloy
wheels can when
subjected to a harsh
undulation in the road
surface.
 Cost
Metal  Durability  External scarring

Pipe  Ease of installation Scar regular distribution
of steel outer faces.
 Appearance of scratches
The outer surface of the
pipe into a straight

`
groove.
Page | 39
COMPARISON OF OLD AND NEW CART CHECKLIST
OLD CART NEW CART
Ergonomically made
Proper circumference of the handle
Good aesthetics
Easy to push and pull
Large tires with good bearings
Comfortable to use
Appropriate with the user
Durable in terms of material use
Has a foot rest
Has a divider for his personal things

`
ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA OF BENIFICIARY
Standing Height 157 cm
Shoulder height 130 cm

Page | 40
Shoulder width 40 cm
Shoulder elbow length 30 cm
Length of upper arm 23 cm
Length of lower arm 23.5 cm
Forearm hand length 41 cm
Length of arm and hand 70.6 cm
Elbow height 100 cm
Knuckle height 69 cm
Chest height 118 cm
Chest breadth 31 cm
Waist height 94 cm
Waist hip length 9 cm
Hip width 43.50 cm
Knee height 47.5 cm
Popliteal height 44 cm
Upper reach 190.5 cm
Overhead fingertip reach 206 cm
Arm span 164.5 cm

`
ACTUAL PICTURE OF BENIFICIARY
Page | 41

Page | 42
CHAPTER IV
Design and Specifications

`
ERGONOMICALLY CART
Page | 43
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW

Page | 44
FRONT VIEW
ISOMETRIC VIEW
Product Specification
- Have a foot rest for our beneficiary

- Easy to push and pull because of the ergonomically wheels
- And also the cart was appropriate to the anthropometric data of our beneficiary
`
Actual Picture of the Cart (Assembly and operating instruction)
Page | 45

Page | 46
CHAPTER V
PROJECT EXECUTION
(PICTURE AND VIDEO)
DURATION: Min of 4 min and Max of 6 min
Saved at CD
Powerpoint, MS Word and Video

Page | 47
CHAPTER VI
Bill of Materials

`
Bills of Materials
COST
Item Qty. Price Total

Page | 48
Blind Revit 1 box ₱380.00 ₱380.00
Drill Bits 2 pcs. ₱80.00 ₱160.00
Welding Rod 1 box ₱225.00 ₱225.00
Pylox Paint 2 pcs. ₱100.00 ₱200.00
Metal Paint 1 liter ₱170.00 ₱170.00

Page | 49
Flat Bar 3 pcs. ₱235.00 ₱705.00
Metal Pipe 1 pc. ₱420.00 ₱420.00
Angle Bar 3 pcs ₱280.00 ₱840.00
Plain Sheet 2 pcs. ₱900.00 ₱1800.00

Page | 50
½ Plywood 1 pc. ₱760.00 ₱760.00
Wheels 3 pcs. ₱500.00 ₱1500.00
Labor 2 person ₱350.00 ₱700.00
Total Cost ₱7860.00

Page | 51
CHAPTER VII
Recommendation

`
RECOMMENDATION
The discussions in the preceding chapter have emphasized the need for a safety
approach to prevention and intervention for different kinds of psychological effects of
ergonomics to people. Page | 52
Based on its findings, the researchers make the following recommendations under
a guiding principle of ergonomics preparedness. Effective preparedness will help to limit
the psychological consequences and it is the conceptual basis used to ensure that all
hazards are addressed, so we come up with this recommendation.
The Researchers recommends this kind of ergo cart to people who uses a cart for
their business that experiencing different kinds of pains, fatigue and improper posture for
the sake of their health safety. This cart is ergonomically design to lessen the cause of
fatigues and stress to the user. It is easy to use because it is formulated by ergonomics
principles and innovated designed based on user’s experienced for improvement. It also
avoids exposing in rhythmic motions and actions for the user not to suffer muscle pain in
their legs and lower back.
And to all IE students that will take this kind of project, the Researchers
recommends in order to avoid injuries and illness of workers, company may also conduct
a seminar about 5s where in it takes about good housekeeping procedures for them to
improve the workplace and environment. Ergonomics should be imposed clearly to lessen
the amount of fatigue and injuries due to numbness and repetitive motion.

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QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

Quezon City Polytechnic University

Novaliches, Quezon City

Of the Requirements for the Degree in

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering

Engr. Rowel D. Alarcon

March 15, 2018

Industrial Engineering Department

Industrial Engineering Department

Chapter I Problem and its Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Profile of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Page | 3

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter II Project Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Why Why Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Chapter III Findings and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Cost and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Comparison of old and new cart checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Anthropometric data of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Actual Picture of the beneficiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Industrial Engineering Department

Actual Autocad of the cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Product Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Page | 4

Actual Picture during the assembly of the cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Chapter V Project Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Chapter VI Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Chapter VII Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Industrial Engineering Department

Problem and its background

Industrial Engineering Department

Name: Cirilo Brusas

Industrial Engineering Department

1. Does the work space allow for full range of movement?

2. Are mechanical aids and equipment available?

3. Is the height of the work surface adjustable?

4. Can the work surface tilted and angled?

5. Is the workstation design to reduce work or eliminate?

Bending or twisting at the wrist?

Reaching above the shoulder?

Static muscle loading?

Full extension of the arm?

6. Are the workers able to vary posture?

9. Is the footrest provided when needed?

Industrial Engineering Department

11. Are cushioned floor mats provided for employees required to

14. Is there a preventive maintenance program for mechanical

Task Analysis Checklist

1. Does the design of the primary task reduce or eliminate?

Bending or twisting of the back or trunk?

Bending or twisting the wrist?

Extending the arms?

Static muscle loading?

Clothes wringing motions?

Industrial Engineering Department

2. Are mechanical devices used when necessary?

3. Can the task be done at either one hand? Page | 9

4. Can the task be done at either two hands?

5. Are pushing and pulling forces kept minimal?

6. Are required forces judged acceptable by the workers?

7. Are the materials:

Able to be held without slipping?

Free from sharp edges and comers?