SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8

Force – is the PUSH AND PULL of an object.

- It is also defined as a CHANGE OF MOVEMENT of an object.

Net Force – the force that is CAPABLE OF CHANGING the state of motion of an object.
Acceleration – is the rate of change in velocity of a moving object per unit of time.
Balance forces – are equal forces ACTING ON OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS; thus they have ZERO NET FORCE.

Effects of Balance Forces

1. The object will remain AT REST.
2. The object will remain in motion at the same speed and direction (in a straight line)

Unbalance forces – has a NON – ZERO net force; thus it creates ACCELERATION.

Effects of unbalance forces

1. They produce acceleration – an object at rest may move and an object in motion may slow down or
spud up or change direction.
Friction (Kinds)
a)Static Friction – also called as initial friction; includes all cases in which the frictional force is enough to prevent
relative motion between surfaces in contact.
b) Rolling Friction – takes place when one surface ROTATES as it moves over the other surface but does not SLIP
NOR SLIDE at the area of contact.
c) Siding Friction – occurs when there is a RELATIVE SLIDING MOTION at the interface of the surface in contact.
d) Fluid Friction – produced in liquid mediums and gaseous mediums

Importance of Friction
a) to PREVENT slipping and sliding
b) to make movement possible
c) to hold screw and nails in place
d) to generate heat
e) to slow down or to stop an object

Bad Effect of Friction

a) it can make an object stumble and fall
b) it causes wearing out of objects like shoes and slippers
c) it can make reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere

Gravitational force = 9.8 m/s²

LAWS OF MOTION

 Law of Inertia
- A law of motion that states a BODY AT REST REMAINS AT REST, A BODY IN MOTION REMAINS IN MOTION,
unless an EXTERNAL FORCE abstracts it.
- If no net force acts on the object, the velocity of the object does not change.

 Law of Acceleration
- Force is directly proportional to the product of the object mass and its acceleration.

 Law of Interaction
- A low of motion that states that for every action, there is an EQUAL and OPPOSITE RE-ACTION.

CIRCULAR MOTION – movement of an object in a CIRCLE

Uniform circular motion – movement of an object in a circle in a CONSTANT SPEED.

Period – the TIME needed by an object in uniform circular motion to complete an ORBIT.

Centripetal Force – is a force that PULLS an object towards the CENTER OF THE CIRCLE.
- It change in speed on direction of an object moving in a circle

Formulas:

M = Fc / Ac

Sample Problems:

E1. Solve for an object moving at 2 m/s² in a circle with a radius of 2m. Object of 2kg.

E2. Solve for the force if a 4kg object moves in a circle whose radius is 4m and a speed of 2m/s².

E3. Solve fo the mass if the object’s centripetal force is 25N and its acceleration is a 5m/s².

Work - measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force at least part
of which is applied in the direction of the displacement.

W = F(force) x D(distance or displacement)

Joule – is one of the units of measurement

Power – is the RATE of doing Work.

Formula : Power = WORK DONE/ Time or Power = FxD/Time

1 Joule/Second = `1 watt

1000 wattss = 1 kilowatt

1 horsepower = 746 watt

Problems on Power

Two physics students, Will N. Andable and Ben Pumpiniron, are in the weightlifting room. Will lifts the
100-pound barbell over his head 10 times in one minute; Ben lifts the 100-pound barbell over his head
10 times in 10 seconds. Which student does the most work? ______________ Which student delivers
the most power? ______________

Dan climbs a flight of stairs in 1.5 min. if he weighs 450N and the stairs is 10m from the ground, how
much power will he developed?

Forms of Energy

A. Kinetic Energy – is the energy POSSESSED by a boy in motion.

B. Potential Energy – is associated with forces that depends on the position or configuration of a body and its
surroundings. It is also called as STORED ENERGY.

Formula:

Kinetic Energy = ½ mv²

Ex. If a .2 – kg ball is thrown in a velocity of 6m/s what is its KE?

Potential Energy = F x D = mass x gravitational force x height.

Ex. How much is the PE of a 1000kg water stored 12m above the ground?