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@Èv�næa@ˆaáßa@K@ÛŸ›—‹a@K@ ϑ3 @¿@·›�è‹a@ˆaáßa
ﺒﻨﻌﻤرو ذ :ﺘوﻓﻴق اﻟدورة ( 2
ّ ) 2012 - 2011
ﻤﺤددة ﺜﻼث ﻤﺘّﺠﻬﺎت u ( x , y , z ) :و )' v ( x ' , y ' , zو )" w( x " , y " , z
ّ
اﺴﺘﻘﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺘّﺠﻬﺘﻴن u ( x , y , z ) :و )' v ( x ' , y ' , z
"x x ' x
x 'x x 'x y 'y "y ' y "x ' x "x ' x
= d3 = d2و = d1و ﻨﻀﻊ . det( u , v , w ) = y y ' y " = x −y +z
y 'y z 'z z 'z "z ' z "z ' z "y ' y
"z z ' z
uو vﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺘﺎن ⇔ . d1= d 2= d3= 0 uو vو wﻤﺴﺘواﺌﻴﺔ ⇔ . det( u , v , w )= 0
uو vﻏﻴر ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴن ⇔ ) d1 ≠ 0أو d 2 ≠ 0أو ( d3 ≠ 0 uو vو wﻏﻴر ﻤﺴﺘواﺌﻴﺔ ⇔ . det( u , v , w ) ≠ 0
إﺤداﺜﻴﺎت اﻟﺠداء اﻟﻤﺘّﺠﻬﻲ :ﻟﻠﻤﺘّﺠﻬﺘﻴن ) u ( x , y , zو )' v ( x ' , y ' , z
اﻟﺠداء اﻟﻤﺘّﺠﻬﻲ :ﻟﻠﻤﺘّﺠﻬﺘﻴن اﻟﻐﻴر ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴن uو vﻫو اﻟﻤﺘّﺠﻬﺔ ω= u ∧ vﺒﺤﻴث:
y z x z x y
u ∧v ,− , ω ⊥ uو ω ⊥ vو ) (u , v , ωأﺴﺎس ﻤﺒﺎﺸر و | ) || ω || = || u || ⋅ || v || ⋅ | sin( u , v
y ' z ' x ' z ' x ' y'
ﺘﻘﺎطُﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴم ) (Dو ﻓﻠﻛﺔ ) S (Ω, R ﺘﻘﺎطُﻊ ﻤﺴﺘوى ) (Pو ﻓﻠﻛﺔ ) S (Ω, R
= ) . (D ) ∩ ( S
ﻓﺈن ∅
-إذا ﻛﺎن ّ d ( Ω , (D ) ) > R = ) . (P ) ∩ ( S
ﻓﺈن ∅
-إذا ﻛﺎن ّ d ( Ω , (P ) ) > R
= ) . (D ) ∩ ( S
ﻓﺈن } {H
= ) ) ّ d ( Ω , (D -إذا ﻛﺎن R = ) (P ) ∩ ( Sو ﻟدﻴﻨﺎ ) (ΩH ) ⊥ (P
ﻓﺈن } {H
= ) ) ّ d ( Ω , (P -إذا ﻛﺎن R
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴم ) (Dﻤﻤﺎس ﻝ ) ( Sﻓﻲ Hو ﻟدﻴﻨﺎ ) (ΩH ) ⊥ (D ) (Pﻤﻤﺎس ﻝ ) ( Sﻓﻲ Hو اﻟﻨﻘطﺔ Hﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻘط اﻟﻌﻤودي ﻝ Ωﻋﻠﻰ ) (P
اﻟﻨﻘطﺔ Hﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻘط اﻟﻌﻤودي ﻝ Ωﻋﻠﻰ ) . (D
ّ = ) . (P ) ∩ ( S
ﻓﺈن ) (C -إذا ﻛﺎن d ( Ω , (P ) ) < R
=ّ d
= ) . (D ) ∩ ( S ﻓﺈن } { A , B
=ّ d -إذا ﻛﺎن d ( Ω , (P ) ) < R = ﻤرﻛزﻫﺎ ﻫو ﺘﻘﺎطُﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوى ) (P
rو اﻟداﺌرة ) (Cﺸﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻫو R 2 − d 2
ﺘﺤددان ﺒﺘﻌوﻴض ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻝ ﺒﺎرﻤﺘري ﻝ ) (Dﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ) . ( S
اﻟﻨﻘطﺘﺎن ّ اﻟﻤﺎر ﻤن . Ω
ّ و اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴم اﻟﻌﻤودي ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ّ