MTH/215

QUANTITATIVE REASONING I

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MTH 215 Week 1 Checkpoint

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Evaluate the following expressions.

a.
five eighths times three thirteenths
b.
four fifths plus one tenth

a. five eighths times three thirteenths equals

StartFraction 15 Over 104 EndFraction

(Type an integer or a simplified fraction.)

b. four fifths plus one tenth equals

nine tenths
 (Type an integer or a simplified fraction.)

Write as a fraction in lowest terms.

0.34
0.34equals
StartFraction 17 Over 50 EndFraction
(Type a whole number or a simplified fraction.)

Evaluate the following expressions.

a.
10 squared times 10 Superscript 7
b.
10 Superscript 4 Baseline times 10 Superscript negative 2
c.
StartFraction 10 Superscript 9 Over 10 cubed EndFraction
d.
StartFraction 10 Superscript 8 Over 10 Superscript negative 4 EndFraction
a. 10 squared times 10 Superscript 7equals
10 Superscript 9 (Simplify your answer. Type your answer using exponential notation.)
b. 10 Superscript 4 Baseline times 10 Superscript negative 2equals
10 squared (Simplify your answer. Type your answer using exponential notation.)
c. StartFraction 10 Superscript 9 Over 10 cubed EndFraction
equals
10 Superscript 6 (Simplify your answer. Type your answer using exponential notation.)
d. StartFraction 10 Superscript 8 Over 10 Superscript negative 4 EndFraction
equals
10 Superscript 12 (Simplify your answer. Type your answer using exponential notation.)

Express the following number as a decimal and as a percentage.

five eighths
The decimal equivalent of five eighths
is
0.625.
The percentage equivalent of five eighths
is
62.5%.
(Type integers or decimals.)
Convert the following number from scientific to ordinary notation.
9 times 10Superscript negative 8
9 times 10Superscript negative 8equals
0.00000009
(Simplify your answer. Type an integer or a decimal.)

Round 134.8038 to the nearest whole number.

The number 134.8038 rounded to the nearest whole number is
135.

Evaluate.
5 Superscript 9
5 Superscript 9equals
1953125
(Simplify your answer.)

Solve.
4plusmequals9
The solution is mequals
5.
(Simplify your answer.)

Graph the points on the same axes.

A(5,3), B(negative 9,3),C(negative 1,0), D(negative 2,negative 1)
Choose the correct answer on the right.

MTH 215 Week 2 Checkpoint

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Rewrite the following statement using a number in scientific notation.

My new music player has a capacity of 300300 gigabytes. (Recall that giga means billion.)
My new music player has a capacity of
3 times 10 Superscript 11 3×10^11 bytes.
(Use scientific notation. Use the multiplication symbol in the math palette as needed.)

Rewrite the following statement using a number in scientific notation.

The diameter of a certain bacterium is about 0.0000008 meters.
The diameter of a certain bacterium is about
8 times 10 Superscript negative 7 meters.
(Use scientific notation. Use the multiplication symbol in the math palette as needed.)

Use estimation to make the following comparison.

Which is greater, the amount the average person spends in a month on coffee or the amount the
average person spends in a month on gasoline?
Choose the correct answer below.

The amount a person spends on coffee in a month is greater.

The amount a person spends on gasoline in a month is greater.

Could an average person lift the weight of $100 in dimes? (A single dime weighs approximately
2.27 grams.)
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Yes because the weight of 1000 dimes is about 10 pounds.
B.
Yes because the weight of 1000 dimes is about 5 pounds.

C.
No because the weight of 1000 dimes is about 50 pounds.
D.
Yes because the weight of 1000 dimes is about 1 pound.

Restate the following fact as indicated.

Approximately 33,000 citizens of a country died in automobile accidents in 2015. Express this toll
in deaths per day.
There were approximately
90
deaths per day due to automobile accidents.
(Round to the nearest whole number as needed.)

Restate the following fact as indicated.

In 2015, there were approximately 32,100 firearm fatalities (homicides and suicides). Express this
quantity in deaths per hour.
There were approximately
3.7
deaths/hour due to firearm fatalities in 2015.
(Round to one decimal place as needed.)

MTH 215 Week 3 Checkpoint

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Identify the units you would expect for the quantity described below. State the units in words and
mathematically.
The price of spring water found by dividing its cost in dollars by its volume in quarts
What are the units in words?
A.
quartper dollar
B.
dollar per quart

C.
Quart
D.
Dollar

What are the units mathematically?

A.
$
B.
qt
C.
$/qt

D.
qt/$

A new sidewalk will be 5 feet wide, 120 feet long, and filled to a depth of 3 inches (0.25 foot) with
concrete. How many cubic yards of concrete are needed?
The new sidewalk needs
5.6
cubic yards of concrete.
(Round to one decimal place as needed.)

Decide whether the following statement makes sense or does not make sense. Explain your
reasoning.
The beach ball we played with has a density of 10 grams per cubic centimeter.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
This statement makes sense because 10 grams per cubic centimeter is far greater than the
density of air, which is approximately 0.001225 grams per cubic centimeter. The ball would be
just the right weight to throw.
B.
This statement makes sense because 10 grams per cubic centimeter is less than the density of
water, which is 100 grams per cubic centimeter. Thus, the beach ball would float in water.
C.
This statement does not make sense because 10 grams per cubic centimeter is far greater than
the density of water, which is 1 gram per cubic centimeter. Not only would this beach ball be
heavy, it would sink in water.

D.
This statement does not make sense because 10 grams per cubic centimeter is much less than
the density of air, which is approximately 1,225 grams per cubic centimeter. The ball would
actually float in the air if this were true.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense or does not make sense. Explain your
reasoning.
The nurse gave a 100-kilogram man twice as large a dose as a 50-kilogram woman.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
This statement makes sense because medicine dosages are often given based on a person's
medical condition, and in this case the man was far more sick than the woman.
B.
This statement makes sense because medicine dosages often require calculations based on a
recommended concentration per kilogram of body weight.

C.
This statement does not make sense because the reccommended concentration of a medicine
dose is based on the person's medical condition, not their body weight.
D.
This statement does not make sense because medicine dosages are often calculated from a
recommended concentration per kilogram of body weight, therefore the man should have
received half the dose of the woman.

Suppose that in 2008, 712,650 citizens died of a certain disease. Assuming the population of the
country is 321 million, what was the mortality rate in units of deaths per 100,000 people?
The mortality rate is
222
deaths per 100,000 people.
(Simplify your answer. Round to the nearest integer as needed.)

Describe the four basic steps of problem solving.

What is the first basic step of problem solving? Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Obtain extra information that is not provided in the problem statement, if necessary.
B.
Keep an organized, neat, and written record of your work.
C.
Understand the problem.

D.
Be sure that your result makes sense.
What is the second basic step of problem solving? Choose the correct answer below.

A.
Double-check each step so that errors are not carried through to the solution.
B.
Find an independent way of checking the result.
C.
Think about the context of the problem.
D.
Devise a strategy for solving the problem.

What is the third basic step of problem solving? Choose the correct answer below.

A.
Restate the problem in different ways to clarify its question.
B.
Consider and discuss any pertinent implications of the result.
C.
Carry out your strategy, and revise it if necessary.

D.
Map out a strategy with a flow chart or diagram.
What is the fourth basic step of problem solving? Choose the correct answer below.

A.
Constantly reevaluate your strategy and create a revised strategy as needed.
B.
Look back to check, interpret, and explain your result.

C.
Make a mental or written model of the situation.
D.
Make a list of possible strategies.
A toll collector on a highway receives $8 for buses and $3 for sedans. At the end of a 2-hour
period, she collected $136. How many buses and sedans passed through the toll booth during
that period? List all possible solutions.
Which of the choices below are possible solutions to the problem? Select all that apply.
A.
2 buses and 40 sedans

B.
5 buses and 32 sedans

C.
14 buses and 8 sedans

D.
8 buses and 24 sedans

E.
9 buses and 21 sedans
F.
33 buses and 3737 sedans
G.
15 buses and 5 sedans
H.
0 buses and 45 sedans
I.
17 buses and 0 sedans

J.
11 buses and 16 sedans

The price of a four-star meal, only $160 per couple decades ago, has since increased 300%. The
current price of a four-star meal is which of the following?
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
A four-star meal is $480480 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 4803×$160=$480.
B.
A four-star meal is $960960 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 4803×$160=$480, which is multiplied
by 2 because the price is per couple.
C.
A four-star meal is $12801280 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 4803×$160=$480, which is added
to $160160 and then multiplied by 2 because the price is per couple.
D.
A four-star meal is $76 comma 80076,800 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 4803×$160=$480,
which is multiplied by 160160.
E.
A four-star meal is $640 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 480 3×$160=$480, which is added to
$160.

F.
A four-star meal is $320320 because 3 times $ 160 equals $ 4803×$160=$480, from which
$160160 is subtracted.

Suppose the value of a home changed by minus−40% over the past five years. Which of the
following is true?
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The house decreased in value over the past five years because the relative change is negative.

B.
The house increased in value over the past five years because if the relative change is negative,
the absolute change is positive.
C.
The house decreased in value over the past five years because the value of the house is 4040% of
its original value.
D.
The house increased in value over the past five years because if the absolute change is negative,
the relative change is positive.
E.
A mistake was made in the calculation because absolute change cannot be negative.
F.
A mistake was made in the calculation because relative change cannot be negative.
MTH 215 Week 4 Checkpoint

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Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
(or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
Money in a bank account earning compound interest at an annual percentage rate of 3% is an
example of exponential growth.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The statement does not makes sense because the money in the account grows by the same
absolute amount, which is an example of linear growth.
B.
The statement makes sense because the money in the account grows by the same percentage,
which is an example of exponential growth.

C.
The statement makes sense because the money in the account grows by the same absolute
amount, which is an example of exponential growth.
D.
The statement does not make sense because the money in the account grows by the same
percentage, which is an example of linear growth.

A King in ancient times agreed to reward the inventor of chess with one grain of wheat on the
first of the 64 squares of a chess board. On the second square the King would place two grains of
wheat, on the third square, four grains of wheat, and on the fourth square eight grains of wheat.
If the amount of wheat is doubled in this way on each of the remaining squares, how many grains
of wheat should be placed on square 16? Also find the total number of grains of wheat on the
board at this time and their total weight in pounds. (Assume that each grain of wheat weighs
1/7000 pound.)
How many grains of wheat should be placed on square 16?
32768 grains
How many total grains of wheat should be on the board after the the grains of wheat have been
placed on square 16?
65535 grains
What is the total weight of all the grains of wheat on the board after the grains of wheat have
been placed on square 16?
9.4 pounds
(Round to the nearest tenth as needed.)

In the following situation, state whether two variables are related in a way that might be
described by a function. If so, identify the independent and dependent variables.
You walk through a used car lotwalk through a used car lot and list the price and model year of
each car you see.
Determine whether the two variables are related in a way that might be described by a function.
If the situation could be described as a function, then identify the independent and dependent
variables. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The situation cannot be described by a function.

B.
The situation cancan be described by a function. The dependent variable is theThe dependent
variable is the price and the independent variable is the model.price and the independent
variable is the model.
C.
The situation can be described by a function. There is a dependent variable, but no independent
variable. The dependent variable is thethe priceprice.
D.
The situation can be described by a function. The dependent variable is the modelmodel and the
independent variable is the price.is the price. nothing

Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
(or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
I graphed two linear functions, and the one with the greater rate of change had the greater slope.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
This makes sense. According to the definition of linear functions, the rate of change is equal to
the slope of the graph and the greater the rate of change, the greater the slope.

B.
This does not make sense. According to the definition of linear functions, the slope of all linear
functions must be the same.
C.
This does not make sense. According to the definition of linear functions, the initial value is equal
to the slope of the graph. Thus, the rate of change does not relate to the slope.
D.
This makes sense. According to the definition of linear functions, the initial value is equal to the
slope of the graph. Thus, the rate of change does not relate to the slope.

Consider the graph to the right.

a. In words, describe the function shown on the graph.
b.Find the slope of the graph and express it as a rate of change.
c. Briefly discuss the conditions under which a linear function is a realistic model for the given
situation.

A graph has a horizontal axis labeled Time (hours) from 0 to 5 in increments of 1 and a vertical
axis labeled Rain Depth (inches) from 0 to 5 in increments of 1. A line that rises from left to right
passes through the points (0, 0) and (4, 1).

a. Select the correct answer below.

A.
According to the function, the rain depth decreases by 11 inchinch every 44 hourshours.
B.
According to the function, the rain depth decreases by 44 inchesinches every 11 hourhour.
C.
According to the function, the rain depth increases by 1 inchinch every 4 hourshours.

D.
According to the function, the rain depth increases by 44 inchesinches every 11 hourhour.
b. Calculate the slope and represent it as a rate of change.
rate of changeequals=
one fourth
inch(es) per hour
(Type an integer or a fraction.)
c. Select the correct answer below.
A.
It is a good model if the rainfall is constant for four hours.

B.
It is a good model if the rainfall is changing for two hours, then constant for two hours.
C.
It is a good model if the rainfall is not constant four hours.
D.
It is a good model if the rainfall is constant for two hours and then changing for two hours.
The following situation involves a rate of change that is constant. Write a statement that
describes how one variable changes with respect to the other, give the rate of change numerically
(with units), and use the rate of change rule to answer any questions.
Snow accumulates during a storm at a constant rate of 2.7 inches per hour. How much snow
accumulates in the first 5.1 hours? in the first 9.8 hours?
Which statement describes this situation?
A.
The snow accumulated varies with respect to time with a rate of change of 2.72.7 h/in.
B.
Time varies with respect to the snow accumulated with a rate of change of 2.72.7 in/h.
C.
Time varies with respect to the snow accumulated with a rate of change of 2.72.7 h/in.
D.
The snow accumulated varies with respect to time with a rate of change of 2.7 in/h.

How much snow has accumulated after the first 5.1 hours?
13.77 inches
(Type an integer or a decimal.)
How much snow has accumulated after the first 9.8 hours?
26.46 inches
(Type an integer or a decimal.)

Give the slope and y-intercept of the line whose equation is given below. Then graph the linear
function.
y equals negative 2 x plus 1 y=−2x+1
The slope of the line is
−2
(Simplify your answer.)
The y-intercept is
1
(Type an integer or a simplified fraction.)
Use the graphing tool to graph the linear equation. Use the slope and y-intercept when drawing
the line.

Solve for x.
2 Superscript x equals=32
The solution is xequals=
5
(Simplify your answer. Type an integer or a fraction. Use a comma to separate answers as
needed.)

Consider the following case of exponential growth. Complete parts a through c below.
The population of a town with an initial population of
71,000 grows at a rate of 3.5% per year.
a. Create an exponential function of the form
Q=Q0×(1+r)t,
(where r >0 for growth and r <0 for decay) to model the situation described.
Q=71000×(1.035) t
(Type integers or decimals.)
b. Create a table showing the value of the quantity Q for the first 10 years of growth.
Yearequals=t Population Yearequals=t Population
0 71,000 6 87277
1 73485 7 90332
2 76057 8 93493
3 78719 9 96766
4 81474 10 100153
5 84326
(Round to the nearest whole number as needed.)
c. Make a graph of the exponential function. Choose the correct graph below.
A.
A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled Year from 0 to 10 in increments of 1 and a
vertical axis labeled Population from 70000 to 110000 in increments of 10000. A curve rises
from left to right at an increasing rate, passing through the points (0,71,000) and (5,84000). All
coordinates are approximate.

B.
A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled Year from 0 to 10 in increments of 1 and a
vertical axis labeled Population from 70000 to 120000 in increments of 10000. A curve rises
from left to right at a decreasing rate, passing through the points (0,89000) and (5,101000). All
coordinates are approximate.

C.
A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled Year from 0 to 10 in increments of 1 and a
vertical axis labeled Population from 60000 to 110000 in increments of 10000. A curve falls
from left to right at a decreasing rate, passing through the points (0,93000) and (5,82000). All
coordinates are approximate.

D.
A coordinate system has a horizontal axis labeled Year from 0 to 10 in increments of 1 and a
vertical axis labeled Population from 20000 to 110000 in increments of 10000. A curve falls
from left to right at an increasing rate, passing through the points (0,83000) and (5,70000). All
coordinates are approximate.
Question is complete.

Between 2005 and 2008, the average rate of inflation was about 3.8% per year. If a cart of
groceries cost $150 in 2005, what did it cost in 2008?
A cart of groceries cost approximately $
167.76
in 2008
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

MTH 215 Week 5 Checkpoint

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The argument involves some kind of fallacy. Identify the fallacy.

When confronted with questions from the press about alleged scandals, a congressman replies
that the allegations against him should be ignored since his accuser is part of a vast right-wing
conspiracy.
A.
Limited choice
B.
Appeal to popularity
C.
Circular reasoning
D.
Personal attack (ad hominem)
Draw a Venn diagram with two circles showing the given relationship between two sets.
dogs and pets
Let Aequalsdogs and Bequalspets. Choose the correct answer below.

Fill in the remaining entries in the two-way table shown to the right.
A survey of 120 patrons at a restaurant gave the preferences for entrees and drinks shown to the
right.
Fill in the missing entries in the table.
nbsp Vegetarian nbsp Meat divided by
nbsp Vegetarian Fish nbsp Meat/Fish nbsp Tota l Total

WineWine 2020 15 15 3535

No Wine
36 36 4949 85 85
nbspNo Wine

Total 56 56 64 64 120120

Decide whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense
(or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
Based on the testimonials of dozens of people who have lost weight following my diet, I will
prove to you that my diet works for everyone.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The statement makes sense. The diet would not have worked for so many people if it didn't work
for everyone.
B.
The statement does not make sense. Some of the testamonials might not be in support of the
diet.
C.
The statement does not make sense. Test cases never constitute a proof.
D.
The statement makes sense. Because the diet worked for that many people, it follows necessarily
that the diet works for everyone.

Rephrase the argument, if necessary, so that the first premise has the form all S are P or no S are
P. Then draw a Venn diagram to determine whether the argument is valid. If possible, discuss the
truth of the premises and whether the argument is sound.
Premise:
Fried foods increase cholesterol.
Premise:
Beans do not increase cholesterol.
Conclusion:
Beans are not fried foods.
Let X represent beans in the Venn diagram. Which Venn diagram below shows the correct
placement of the variable X?
A.
A Venn diagram has a circle labeled fried foods inside a circle labeled increase cholesterol. An x is
marked outside the two circles.
fried foods
increase
cholesterol
X
B.
A Venn diagram has a circle labeled fried foods inside a circle labeled increase cholesterol. An x is
marked inside the circle labeled fried foods.
fried foods
increase
cholesterol
X
C.
A Venn diagram has a circle labeled fried foods inside a circle labeled increase cholesterol. An x is
marked on the edge of the circle labeled fried foods.
fried foods
increase
cholesterol
X
D.
A Venn diagram has a circle labeled fried foods inside a circle labeled increase cholesterol. An x is
marked inside the circle labeled increase cholesterol.
fried foods
increase
cholesterol
X
Is the argument valid or invalid?
Valid

Invalid
Is the argument sound?
No
Yes

Give an answer and explanation for the following question.

Jose had 10 bagels and ate all but 7 of them. How many bagels were left?
There were
7 bagels left because he ate
3 of them.

The following argument gives several reasons for a particular political position. Identify at least
one unstated issue that may be the real issue of concern.
I oppose the President's spending proposal. Taxpayer money should not be used for programs
that many taxpayers do not support. Excessive spending also risks increasing budget deficits.
Greater deficits increase the federal debt, which in turn increases our reliance on foreign
investors.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The speaker may have an ideological opposition to paying taxes.
B.
The speaker may want the country to depend more on foreign investors.
C.
The speaker may be opposed to the government spending money.
D.
The President's spending proposal is significantly under budget.

Consider the following example of a fallacy. Complete parts a and b below.

Fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets, so life in the universe must be
confined to Earth.
a. Identify the premise and conclusion of the argument. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Premise: Life in the universe must be confined to Earth. Conclusion: Fifty years of searching has
not revealed life on other planets.
B.
Premise: Fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. Conclusion: Life in the
universe may not be confined to Earth.
C.
Premise: Fifty years of searching has not revealed life on other planets. Conclusion: Life in the
universe must be confined to Earth.
D.
Premise: Life in the universe may not be confined to Earth. Conclusion: Fifty years of searching
has not revealed life on other planets.
b. Briefly describe how the stated fallacy occurs in the argument.
A.
The conclusion is stated as if it were caused by the premise
B.
The premise directs attention away from the conclusion.
C.
The conclusion is stated as if it were the only possible conclusion.
D.
The premise is stated according to a lack of evidence of the opposite of the conclusion.
In the following argument, identify the premise(s) and conclusion, explain why the argument is
deceptive, and identify the type of fallacy it represents.
My little boy loves dolls and my little girl loves trucks, so there's no truth to the claim that boys
are more interested in mechanical toys while girls prefer maternal toys.
Identify the premise(s) and conclusion of the argument. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Premise: My little boy loves dolls and my little girl loves trucks. Conclusion: It's not true that little
boys are more interested in mechanical toys and girls prefer maternal toys.
B.
Premise: My little girl loves trucks. Conclusion: It's not true that little boys are more interested in
mechanical toys and girls prefer maternal toys.
C.
Premise: My little boy loves dolls. Conclusion: It's not true that little boys are more interested in
mechanical toys and girls prefer maternal toys.
D.
Premise: It's not true that little boys are more interested in mechanical toys and girls prefer
maternal toys. Conclusion: My little boy loves dolls and my little girl loves trucks.
Explain why the argument is deceptive. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The conclusion is based on a personal allegation and stated as if it were caused by the premise.
B.
The premise is stated as the opposite as the conclusion and is drawn from an inadequate number
of cases.
C.
The conclusion is drawn from an inadequate number of cases and uses ignorance about the truth
to conclude the opposite.
D.
The conclusion is stated as if it were the only possible conclusion and uses ignorance about the
truth to conclude the opposite.
Identify the type of fallacy the argument represents. Select all that apply.
A.
personal attack
B.
appeal to ignorance
C.
hasty generalization
D.
circular reasoning
E.
limited choice

For the categorical proposition given below, do the following.

a. If necessary, rephrase the statement in standard form.
b. State the subject and predicate sets.
c. Draw a Venn diagram for the proposition and label all regions of the diagram.
d. Based only on the Venn diagram (not on any other knowledge you have), answer the question
that follows each proposition.
Students run. Is it true that no walkers are students?
a. Does the categorical proposition need to be rephrased?
A.
Yes. The standard form is "Some students are people who do not run."
B.
Yes. The standard form is "Some students are people who run."
C.
Yes. The standard form is "No students are people who run."
D.
Yes. The standard form is "All students are people who run."
E.
No. The proposition is in standard form.
b. Which set is the subject set S?
A.
students that run
B.
people who run
C.
people who do not run
D.
students
Which set is the predicate set P?
A.
people who run
B.
people who do not run
C.
students
D.
students that run
c. If S is the subject set and P is the predicate set, which of the diagrams below is the correct
Venn diagram?
A.
S
P

A Venn diagram contains two intersecting circles labeled S and P.

B.
S
P

A Venn diagram contains two non-intersecting circles labeled S and P.

C.
S
P

A Venn diagram contains two circles labeled P and S. Circle S is completely inside circle P.

d. Answer the question based only on the Venn diagrams. Is it true that no walkers are students?

Yes. Because S and P do not overlap, if a member is not in P, then it must be in S.

B.
No. Because S and P do not overlap, the statement need not be true.
C.
No. Because P contains all of S. If something is in P, then it must also be in S.
D.
Yes. Because P and S overlap, things not in P must be in S.
E.
No. Because P and S overlap, things not in P do not need to be in S.
F.
Yes. Because P contains all of S. If something is not in P, then it cannot be in S.