CHAPTER 8 : CIRCULAR MEASURES

8.1 Radian
(a) Unit for angle
(i) Degree and minute [ 1o = 60’]
(ii) Radian

(b) Radian - 1 radian ( 1 Rad.) is angle that subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to
the radius of the circle.
A

r
r
O
AOB = 1 rad
r
B

Circumference of a circle
Angle of a whole turn =
Radius

2 r
= = 2 rad
r
(c) The relation between degree and radian.

 rad = 180o 180o 

1 rad = 1 o= rad
 180

8.1.1 Converting measurements in radians to degrees and vice versa.

180o


Radian Degrees 180o
1 rad = = 57.300



1 o= rad = 0.01745 rad
 180

180o
Exercise 1:
1. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians (in terms of  )
(a) Example: (b) 45o = (c) 60o =
   
 4   3 

(d) 75o = (e) 90o = (f) 270o =

 5     3 
 12   2   2 

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2. Convert each of the following angles in degrees to radians
(a) Example: (b) 25o = (c) 75o12’ =
15
15o =  3.142  0.2618
180 [0.4364] [1.3123]

(d) 65o15’= (e) 150o = (f) 115o =

[1.1390] [2.6183] [2.0074]

(g) 26o = (h) 8.5o = (i) 325o =

[0.4538] [0.1484] [5.6731]

(j) 95o 20’ = (k) 65o 32’= (l) 315o =

[1.6641] [1.1440] [0.5570]

3. Convert each of the following angles to degrees.

(a) Example: 2 3
(b)  rad = (c)  rad =
  3 4
rad = 180  30
6 6 [120°] [135°]

7 7 2
(d)  rad = (e)  rad = (f)  rad =
4 6 4
[315°] [210°] [90°]

(g) 0.6 rad = (h) 4.32 rad = (i) 5.12 rad =

[34.37°] [247.59°] [293.32°]

Exercise : Text Book, P1, P2, pg 166

8.2 Arc Length of a Circle

8.2.1 Determining arc length, radius and angle subtended at the centre of a circle

A
r
arc length, s  r ,  = radian
O 

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Exercise 1:
1. In the following circle, calculate length of arc, s.

A
5cm s  r
O 0.9 rad
 5(0.9)
 4.5cm

2. Calculate the length of arc S which subtends an angle of 20o at the center of a circle of radius 5 cm. (Give
your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)

5 cm
S
O 20O

[1.75cm]
3. Calculate the length of the major arc PQ of the circle below. Give the answer correct to 3 decimal places.

8 cm
60o
[41.894cm]
Q P
8 cm
4. Find the length of the minor arc, S which subtends an angle of 65o 36’ at the center of a circle
of radius 6 cm.

6 cm

O 65o36’ S

[6.871cm]
5. The radius of its circle is 4.2 cm and the angle that subtends of the minor arc is 1.4rad. Find the length of
the major arc AB.

O 1.4 rad

B [20.513cm]
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Exercise 2:
1. Given that the length of arc, S of the circle is 6 cm. Find its radius.

r
S
O 30o

r
=11.458 cm
[11.458cm]
2. Calculate the radius of the circle below if the length of arc AB is 14 cm.

O 2.8 rad 14 cm

B
[5cm]
3. Given that the length of major arc PQ is 31.5 cm. Find the angle,  below.
P
31.5 cm
7 cm

Q
[102.2°]
o
4. Given that the length of the minor arc of the circle which subtends an angle 45 at the center is
15 cm. Find its radius. Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.

15 cm

O 45o

[19.1cm]
5. The length of the minor arc of the circle which radius 12 cm is 20.4 cm. Calculate the angle that subtends
at the center.(Give the answer in degrees and minutes)

12 cm
20.4 cm
O 

[97°23’]

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Exercise : Text Book, P3

8.2.2 Finding the perimeter of segment of a circle.

1 Find the perimeter of the shaded segment in each of the following diagram.

Example (a)
A A M B
x O
2.1rad B
7cm
5cm
O 51.56
7cm
O
1.8rad B
O

A A B

s  r  5(2.1)  10.5cm
x
sin 60.15 
5
x  5sin 60.15  4.3367cm
AB  2 x  2(4.3367)  8.6734cm
Perimeter  8.6734  10.5
 23.566cm
[23.566cm]
(b) (c)
B O
B

2.2rad O
O
O
5cm
10cm 115 
A A
A
B A B

[39.82cm]

Exercise : Text Book, P4

8.3 Area of Sector of A Circle

8.3.1 Determining area of a sector, radius and angle subtended at the center of a circle.

P
A = Area of a sector
[18.434cm]
r r = radius
Q
A
1 2
r  = angle in radian
O  2

r
R
Note :
1 PQR is a minor arc and PSR is a major arc.
2 The shaded part is a sector minor and the left part is a sector major.
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Exercise 1 :

1 Calculate the area of the shaded sector of each of the following diagram.

Example: (a)
1
4cm
A  r 2
2
O
1 6cm
O
1.2 rad
 (4) 2 (1.2) A 2.2 rad
B
2
 9.6cm2

[39.6cm2]

(b) (c)

10cm
1.5 rad
O
4.8rad
9cm O

[240cm2]
[190.88cm2]
(d) (e)
B

6cm O 200 
135 
O 10cm
A
\

[42.426cm2]
[174.55cm2]

Exercise 2 :
1. Solve each of the following problems:
Example: (a)
Given the area and Given the area and
the angle of the the angle of the
shaded region OAB A shaded region
r O is 100cm2 and OAB is 25cm2 and
B
_
_A 3.5 rad respectively. O 2 rad respectively.
Find r. Find OA.

B
1 2
r (3.5)  100
2
100(2)
r2   57.1429
3.5
r  57.1429  7.56cm
[5cm]
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(b) (c)
Given the area and Given the area of
A the angle of the _B the shaded region
shaded region OAB is 72.7cm2
OAB is 160cm2  and OA=7cm.
O and 2.5 rad O Find the angle  .
respectively.
_A
Find OB.
B

[11.31cm] [2.967rad]
(d) (e)
Given the area of Given the area of
the shaded region the shaded region
is 140cm2 and A is 31.5 cm2 and

OB = 8 cm. OA = 6cm .
O
A O Find the angle  . Find the angle  .
B
B

[4.375rad]
[1.75rad]
Exercise : Text Book, P6,P7,P8

8.3.2 Area of a segment

A Area of segment =Area of AOB – Area of triangle AOB

r
1 2 1 2
= r  r sin
2 2
=
1
Area of segment = r 2 (  sin )
2
Exercise 1:

1 Calculate the area of the segment of each of the following.

Example: (a)
45
A

A 45     0.7855
6cm
180 4cm

rad
Area of segment 3
45  O O

1
 (6) 2 (0.7855  sin 45)
B

B
2
 1.411cm 2
[1.448cm2]

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(b) (c)
A
A
8cm 10cm
 O
rad O 2.4rad
2

B B

[18.272cm2] [86.21cm2]
(d) (e)

B A A
8cm
80
9cm
O 130 
O

[16.65cm2]
[48.09cm2]

Exercise : Text Book, P9

Past Year Questions:

R
1 SPM 2003(P1)

Diagram shows a sector ROS with center O.


O S   0.8153rad
R S
The length of the arc RS is 7.24 cm and the perimeter of the sector ROS is 25 cm. Find the value of  ,
in rad. [ 3 marks ]

2 SPM 2004 (P1)

Diagram shows a circle with center O.

A

O 0.354 rad

Given that the length of the major arc AB is 45.51 cm, find the length, in cm, of the radius.(Use  =
3.142 ) [ 3 marks ]
r= 7.675 cm

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3 SPM 2005 (P1)
Diagram shows a circle with center O.

(a) 1.222 rad

O  (b) r = 13.09 cm

The length of the minor arc AB is 16 cm and the angle of the major sector AOB is 290o. Using  =
3.142 , find

(a) the value of  , in radians

(Give your answer correct to four significant figures)
(b) the length, in cm, of the radius of the circle. [ 3 marks ]

4. SPM 2006 (P1)

Diagram shows sector OAB with centre O and sector AXY with centre A.

Y a) 0.7 rad
X
b) 26.2 cm2
 n
O

Given that OB = 10 cm, AY = 4 cm,  XAY = 1.1 radians and the length of arc AB = 7 cm
calculate
(i) the value of , in radian,
(ii) the area, in cm2 , of the shaded region. [4 marks]

5. SPM 2012 (P1)

Diagram below shows sectors OAB and ODC with centre O.
D

A
a) 6 cm
b) 1.125 rad
o ө

B
C
It is given that OA = 4 cm , the ratio of OA:OD = 2:3 and the area of the shaded region is 11.25 cm 2.
Find
(a) the length, in cm, of OD
(b) ө, in radians

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6. SPM 2007 (P2)
Diagram shows a circle, centre O and radius 10 cm inscribed in a sector APB of a
circle , centre P. The straight lines, AP and BP, are tangents to the circle at point Q and point R,
respectively.

A B
O
10 cm
a) 31.42 cm
Q R b) 88.64 cm2

60o

P
[Use  = 3.142] P
Calculate O
(a) the length, in cm, of the arc AB, [5 marks]
(b) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. [5 marks]

7. SPM 2011(P2)
In Diagram below, AOBC is a semicircle with centre O and radius 4 cm. APD is a sector of a
circle with centre P and radius 6 cm.
D
C a) 1.107 rad
b) 14.454 cm
c) 3.358cm2
ө
A O P B
It is given that OC is perpendicular to AOB. Calculate
(a) the value of ө, in radians [2 marks]
(b) the perimeter, in cm, of the shaded region [4 marks]
(c) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. [4 marks]

8. Diagram below shows a sector BAC with centre A and sector AOB with centre O.[SPM 2016]

300

It is given that OA = 17 cm and AB = 8.8 cm.

[Use π = 3.142]
Find
(a)  OAB, in radians, [1.3092]
(b) the perimeter, in cm, of sector BAC, [29.12]
(c) the area, in cm2, of the shaded region. [54.1167]

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