UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

BKU2032 PROBABILITY & STATISTICS

TUTORIAL 4 (CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE)

1. Three treatments were randomly selected from a large population of possible treatments. Ten
randomly selected observations were then obtained from each treatment selected.

(a) State appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to be tested.

(b) The data yielded the following partial analysis of variance table:

Source Dof SS MS ftest

Treatment 2 110.6
Error 27
Total 29 608.3

Complete the ANOVA table, and test your null hypothesis in part (a) at the 0.05 level of
significance.

2. The yield strength of CP titanium welds was measured for welds cooled at rates of 10 OC/s, 15OC/s
and 28OC/s. The results are presented in the following table.

Cooling rate Yield strength

10 71.00 75.00 76.67 81.00 75.50 72.50 73.50 78.50 78.50
15 63.00 68.00 73.00 76.00 79.67 81.00
28 68.65 73.70 78.40 84.40 91.20 87.15 77.20 80.70 84.85 88.40

Can you conclude that the yield strength of CP titanium welds varies with the cooling rate.

3. A study measures the absorption rate of four different types of inorganic chemical compounds.
Independent samples of solvents from each type were tested and their absorption rates were recorded
as a mole percentage as given in table below.

Inorganic chemical compounds

Zinc Chloride Ferum Thiosianate Cadmium Bromide Copper Sulfate
0.45 0.66 1.05 0.71
0.56 1.74 0.99 0.34
0.05 0.88 0.78 0.11
0.02 0.59 1.21 1.00
1.45 1.11

Assume that the absorption rates for all four types of inorganic chemical compounds are independent
and follow normal distribution.

(a) Write the appropriate hypothesis for the study.

(b) Perform the analysis of variance and test whether there is a significant difference in the mean
absorption rate for the four inorganic chemical compounds at the 1% level of significance.
Discuss the result.

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4. A spectrometer was used to make five measurements of the carbon content (in ppb) of a certain
silicon wafer on four consecutive days. The results are as follows
Day 1: 358 390 380 372 366
Day 2: 373 376 413 367 368
Day 3: 336 360 370 368 352
Day 4: 368 359 351 349 343

(a) Construct an ANOVA table.

(b) Can you conclude that the calibration of the spectrometer differs among the four days?

5. An experiment was set up to measure the yield provided by each of three catalysts in a certain
reaction. The experiment was repeated three times for each catalyst. The reactor yields, in grams, are
as follows:

Catalyst 1: 84.33 90.25 85.62

Catalyst 2 88.44 89.81 86.53
Catalyst 3: 94.71 91.19 92.81
Construct an ANOVA table. Can you conclude that there are differences in the mean yields among
the catalysts?

6. A manufacturer wishes to determine the effectiveness of four types of machines, A, B, C, D in the

production of bolts. To accomplish this, the numbers of defective bolts produced by each machine on
the days of a given week are obtained for each of two shifts. The results indicated in table below.
Factor B
First Shift Second Shift
Factor A Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri
A 6 4 5 5 4 5 7 4 6 8
B 10 8 7 7 9 7 9 12 8 8
C 7 5 6 5 9 9 7 5 4 6
D 8 4 6 5 5 5 7 9 7 10

The data above can be equivalently organized as follow:

Factor A Factor B Replicates

Machine Shift Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Total

A 1 6 4 5 5 4 24
2 5 7 4 6 8 30
B 1 10 8 7 7 9 41
2 7 9 12 8 8 44
C 1 7 5 6 5 9 32
2 9 7 5 4 6 31
D 1 8 4 6 5 5 28
2 5 7 9 7 10 38
Total 57 51 54 47 59 268

Perform an analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on this two-factor experiment and test for the
significance of the factorial effects and interaction between factor A and factor B using the 0.05 level
of significance.

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