Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Permeability
Flow of water through soils
• Quantity of flow
• Porewater pressures
Types of flow
q kiA
k = Coefficient of permeability (m/s)
i = Hydraulic gradient
A = Cross-sectional area
Discharge (or flow) and seepage velocity
The discharge velocity, v = ki.
Rate of flow = q = Av = Av vs
where Av is the cross-section area of voids.
Av
Porosity, n
A
Discharge (or flow) and seepage velocity
v ki
vs
n n
Determination of k
Laboratory methods:
• Coarse-grained soils – constant head test
• Fine-grained soils – falling (or variable) head test
Determination of k (m/s)
Constant head test
Determination of k (m/s)
Falling (or variable) head test
Determination of k (m/s)
al ho
k ln
A(t1 to) h1
al ho
k 2.3 log 10
A(t1 to) h1
Field determination of k (m/s)
Pumping tests
(b)Confined aquifer
Tutorial
Soil type
Dry of OMC
Silty clay
0.1 OMC LL = 110%
Wet of OMC PL = 65%
PI = 45%
Gs = 2.6
0.01
concrete dam
curvilinear
square
90º
soil
impervious strata
Quantity of Seepage (Q)
concrete
dam
impervious strata
2 D Flow: Flow net construction