Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Alkane H
H
H
H
H
H H H
H H
Methan Ethan Propan Butan Pentan
Cycloalkane
Alkene R3 R2
R4 R1
Alkine R1 R2
Phenyl-Substituenten
R
Benzyl-Substituenten
R
Vinyl-Substituenten R
Allyl-Substituenten R
Carbene R1
C
R2
Alkylhalogenide (= Halogenalkane)
R F R Cl R Br R I
Alkohole H R R
R/H OH R OH R OH
H H R
Phenol OH
Ether O
R1 R2
O
Epoxide (= Oxirane)
R2 R4
R1 R3
R O O R1
Peroxide
R1 = H Hydroperoxide
R2 O O
Ozonide R1 O
R2 R3
R1 R4
R3 O O O
R4
primäres sekundäres
Aldehyde O
R/H H
O
Ketone
R1 R2
Hydrate R2
R1 OH
OH
R2 = H Aldehydhydrat
R2 = C Ketonhydrat
R2
Imine (= Schiffsche Basen) R3
R1 N
R2 = H Aldimin
R2 = C Ketimin
R2
Oxime O
R1 N R3
Hydrazone R2 R4
N
R1 N R3
Semicarbazone R2
H
N NH2
R1 N
O
Halbacetale/Halbketale R2
R3
R1 O
OH
R2 = H Halbacetal
R2 = C Halbketal
Lactole OH
O
R1
R
R2
Acetale/Ketale R1 O
R3
O
R4
R2 = H Acetal
R2 = C Ketal
Aminale R2
R1 NR2
NR2
O
Carbonsäuren
R OH
O
Carbonsäureester R2
R1 O
O
Lactone O
R3
R2 O O
Orthoester
R1 O
R4
Anhydride O O
R1 O R2
Imide O O
R1 N R2
R3
Carbonsäurehalogenide O
R X
O
Amide R3
R1 N
R2
Lactame O
NH
Peroxysäuren O
R O OH
Nitrile R C N
Carbamate O
R1 R3
O N
R2
O
Harnstoffe R1 R4
N N
R2 R3
Guanidine N
R5
R1 R4
N N
R2 R3
Carbodiimide
R N C N R
R2 R2 R2
Amine R1 NH2 R1 N R1 N R1 N
R3
H + R4
R3
Anilin
NH2
Hydroxylamine R2
R1 N
OH
Hydrazine R1 R3
N N
R2 R4
R1 N N R2
Azoverbindungen
O
Nitroverbindungen R N
+ O
-
Thiole (= Mercaptane) R SH
S
Sulfide R1 R2
R1 R2
Phosphine P
R3
P-Ylene R
PR3
P-Ylide R
PR3
-
+