Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
All the countries in the world are more or less multicultural societies with heterogeneous
identities. As we witness the spread of democracy what becomes necessary for the survival and
success of democracy in these multicultural, multi religious, and multilingual societies is the
presence of the secular State. Although the definition of secularism in the West means separation
of state and Religion while in India secularism means every religion is treated equally. Yet the
basic fact remains true for both the definitions that State should be neutral and should not favor
one religion over the other. Now the question is how far a secular State should interfere?
France practices an active form of secularism called Laïcité, which not only prohibits public
exercise of religion but also actively separates public institutions from religious symbols,
expressions etc. The idea of secularism in France is embedded in the republican ideology of
liberty, Equality and Fraternity. Banning of head scarfs and other religious symbols is therefore a
way of upholding these ideas. However incidents like killing of journalists of ‘Charlie
Hebdo’ and refusal of many students to observe silence in the schools raises an important
question that whether this view of secularism has been able to promote the idea of equality,
liberty and fraternity or has marginalized the minority community.
Secularism in India
Indian Constitution gives Right to Religion as a fundamental right (under Article 25,26,27 and
28 )but reserves the right to regulate the religion for the purpose of maintaining public order ,
law and morality. It not only provides freedom to practice one’s own religion but also prohibits
public institutions like schools in imparting any religious instructions. Thus it is a mixture of
both world’s understanding of secularism. There are Hindu laws ,Muslim personal laws but these
are subject to law , public order and health. Time and again State as well as Judiciary has
intervened to bring social reforms ,eradicate evil practices .For example , in 1998 High Court
upheld the Haryana legislature’s order of disqualifying persons having more than two children
on the basis of health for women and social reform and ruled that it does not interfere with the
right to profess, practice or propagate the religion of one’s choice.
Other recent examples are ban of slaughter of animals in Hindu Temples By Himachal
Pradesh High Court. Ban on cultural festival called “jallikattu” of South India. Prohibiting
wearing of Burqa during medical examination etc. However the recent judgment of
Rajasthan High Court over Jain practice of “Santhara” in the In Nikhil Soni vs Union of
India, has raised the question of encroachment of fundamental right and the hidden question of
minority rights. In the above case the petitioner argued that the practice of ‘Santhara ‘ or
‘Sallekhna’( in which followers of Jainism ,in order to attain ‘Moksha’ vows to fast until death
once he/she realizes that the purpose of his /her life has been served ) goes against the
Fundamental right to life as well as section 306 and 309 of Indian penal code which makes
abatement to suicide and attempt to suicide a punishable offence.
According to the petitioner, this practice has become a way to get rid of the elderly people as
many time these are forced upon them equating it to the practice of ’Sati’. Therefore it is the
duty of the state to protect them.
The High Court took the stand that since the respondent failed to show that ‘Santhara’ is an
essential part of Jain’s religion therefore the State should take care to prevent its practice.
But if we examine the philosophy of Jainism, then ‘Nonviolence’ emerges as it’s fundamental
tenet. And Santhara revolves around this basic philosophy of non-violence in which the
practitioner decides to give up food and water gradually in order to do least harm to surrounding
ecosystem. This extreme act of non-violence leads to the salvation. What makes this issue more
complicated is that Jains have been given minority status prior to General Elections and now this
is seen as attack on minority rights.
Though Constitutionally India is a secular state but religion and politics are very closely linked
in india. We can see political leaders preaching religion and religious leaders appealing to
masses on political issues. Ban on beef in Maharashtra can be an issue of animal rights but it has
been linked to Hindu religion that the majority of Indians follow. Political identities and
religious identity often overlap in such situation. There are number of pressure groups, interests
groups based on religion for example –Vishwa Hindu Parishad , Bajrangdal etc. which are
affiliated or associated to political parties.
The Census 2011 data on Population by Religious Communities released recently and the hue
and cry over increase in population of Muslim Community and the dip in Hindu Population
below 80% shows this overlapping character. While the earlier government desisted from
releasing such data , this time it coincide with assembly elections in three states (Bihar, West
Bengal and Assam ) , with considerable Muslim population.
Conclusion
Preamble of India establishes the ideals which the State needed to pursue i.e to secure it’s people
liberty of thought , expression ,belief , faith and worship. With the 42nd Amendment Act word
“Secular” was added in the Preamble making it the core ideal of the state. Here secularism in
Indian context means both neutrality (Dharm nirapeksh ) and equality of religion
(sarvdharm sambhav ). Having long tradition association of religion with politics (religious
symbols ,festivals were invoked by national leaders during freedom struggle) a strict separation
is not possible. Also Indian society needs state intervention to bring social reforms and protect
it’s diversity. There is need to balance the rights of individuals and groups and the State’s right to
interfere keeping in mind the religion – polity relationship and the consequences for the
democratic political system.
There are four fundamental forces in nature that govern the diverse phenomena of the
macroscopic and microscopic world. These different type of forces are:
Gravitational force
Electromagnetic force
Strong nuclear force
Weak nuclear force
The unification of different forces/domains in nature is a basic quest in physics, the gravitational
force is the force of mutual attraction between any two object's by virtue of their masses. It is a
universal force. The electromagnetic force is the force between charged particles. The strong
nuclear force is the force between protons and neutrons. The weak nuclear force appears only
in certain nuclear processes such as beta-decay of nucleus.
FDI
HIGHLIGHTS
An industrial undertaking, i.e., a company with interests in industry can invest upto 24%
equity in a SSI unit.
If the equity goes beyond 24%, the industrial unit loses its SSI status.
There is no restriction on the extent of equity that can be held by a Non-resident Indian
(NRI) as an individual/partner in a SSI unit.
Investors need to file an application with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in the
prescribed format and approval is ordinarily granted within 15 days.
For foreign investment outside the automatic route, clearance has to be obtained from
Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
Applications for setting up a 100% Export Oriented Unit are also required to be filed with
the SIA.
For setting up a unit in an Export Processing Zone (EPZ), application has to be filed with
the Development Commissioner of the concerned EPZ.
Under automatic procedures, foreign technology agreements are being permitted in
respect of industries that are designated as high priority industries.
The use of foreign brand names and / or trade mark of goods is also now being permitted
freely.
Automatic permission is given for foreign technology agreements up to certain ceilings covering
the same high priority areas.
It has now been decided by the Government that all companies irrespective of the extent of
foreign equity in the shareholding, who have entered into foreign technology collaboration
agreements may henceforth be permitted on automatic approval route to make royalty payments
at 8% on exports and 5% on domestic sales without any restriction on the duration of the royalty
payments. The ceiling on payment of lumpsum fee/ royalty on the automatic route would continue
to apply in all cases.
Earlier only wholly owned subsidiaries were permitted to make payment of royalty at the same
rate to their offshore parent companies without any restriction on the duration of the royalty
payment.
A liberal policy for permitting investment of upto 100% equity wth full repatriation facilities in industrial
ventures in high priority industries by Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Overseas Corporation Bodies
(OCBs) has been announced. It has also been decided to permit 100% NRI investment with full
repatriation benefits in Export/ Trading/ Star Trading House also.
REPATRIATION OF DIVIDENDS
India permits free repatriation of profits after payment
of the applicable taxes for all approved investments other than in few specified industries. In
these consumer goods industries, repatriation of profits is allowed only out of net foreign
exchange earnings during an initial period of seven years from the commencement of production.
However, there are procedural requirements for obtaining RBI approval for repatriation of Branch profits
or dividend by an Indian company which has more than 40 percent of equity. On disinvestment, capital
may be repatriated subject to the sale price being considered reasonable by the RBI and payment of
applicable taxes.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROMOTION BOARD
Government of India has established a Special Empowered Board called Foreign Investment Promotion
Board in the Ministry of Industry, to negotiate with large international firms and to approve direct foreign
investment in selected areas.
Objective
The objective of this Board will be to invite and facilitate investment in India by international companies in
projects which are considered to be of benefit to the Indian economy and do not fall within the parameters
of the existing policy for clearance of foreign investment proposals.
Functions
The functions of the Board shall mainly comprise:
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) allowed to invest upto 100% equity with full benefits of
repatriation in most industry sectors.
There is no restriction on the extent of equity that can be held by a Non-Resident Indian
(NRI) as an individual/partner in a SSI unit.
NRIs and Overseas Corporate Bodies (OCB) predominantly owned by NRIs are allowed
to invest upto 100% foreign equity in high priority industries with full repatriation benefits.
To set up large industrial ventures in products reserved for the small scale sector, the unit has to take up
a 50% export obligation.
In India, insurance companies are not permitted to have foreign holding of more than 26%. This Bill
raises the limit to 49% and allows entry of foreign re-insurers (companies that insure insurance
companies). It also provides for permanent registration of insurance companies. It permits the holder of
a life insurance policy to name the beneficiary.
The Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008 was introduced on December 22, 2008 in the Rajya Sabha.
The Bill was referred to the Standing Committee on Finance under the chairmanship of Shri Anant
Kumar. The Committee was scheduled to submit its report by the first day of the following session.
Dr. Roman Saini was recently featured on YourStory, India’s biggest entrepreneurial
website. Read below to know more about his life at the IAS training academy LBSNAA in
Mussoorie
After you scrape through and find your name in the coveted “list” of UPSC-CSE successful
candidates, you have a two-and-a-half month ‘honeymoon’ period in July and August. This is the
period when you feel like a local celebrity with lots of media attention and pampering from the
entire family.
Neighbors, teachers, even old girlfriends treat you differently, now that you are a soon-to-be IAS
officer. This is a valuable lesson in opportunism, flattery and helps set your priorities straight.
Come September and life becomes an entirely different ball game. This is the beginning of the
“100-day foundation course,” the first part of the two-year training. The foundation course is
common for all civil servants from various disciplines.
One of the most important lessons we learnt was that we are not ‘ the elite.’ It’s vital for
bureaucrats and other power-wielding authorities to understand that others, no matter what their
stature in the government hierarchy, are human and to be treated with dignity and respect.
The course included lessons in law, management, accounting, history, polity and economics. We
also had guest speakers who were professors from top colleges, retired army generals, working
or retired civil servants, even authors and media persons. Our batch had Raghuram Rajan,
Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Shobhaa De, Gurcharan Das, Tom Alter, Nachiket Mor, Tushar Gandhi
and Sumanta Banerjee as speakers.
The training programme did not neglect our physical fitness and we had a mandatory session at 6
a.m every morning. Every Saturday in September, we were taken on a trek which typically
involved walking and climbing a total of 18-22 km from 8 am to 3 pm. You really curse yourself
while you are climbing the hills. But the scenic beauty and the sense of achievement one feels on
reaching the top is really worth the effort.
We visited Kempty Falls, Benog hills (best view in Mussoorie), Lal Tibba hills, known for its
blood sucking leeches. Yes, you read it right, I personally sprayed half a kilo of salt on myself
and still a leech attached to me.
We also had a week-long Himalayan trek. My group went to Uttarkashi. We walked and climbed
90 kms in one week, ate food with live worms, slept on the ground, including tents, stayed for 2
days at a height of 4500 m. It is both, literally and metaphorically, the high point of our course.
We didn’t get a break after the arduous trek as we had to submit assignments, essays, book
reviews, and appear for the dreadful mid-term examination on 22/10/2014.
The most profound part of the training came after the exams. All trainees were sent for a village
visit, where we were supposed to stay, and to have a taste of real-life practical problems faced by
the villagers on a day-to-day basis.
Our group went to a village in Moradabad, named Kaderpur. It was relatively well-developed but
was quite a sensitive area. We were all skeptical about how we would manage without modern
amenities. But, the stay was an eye-opener for all of us.
We visited and gauged the functioning of primary healthcare centres, village schools, panchayat
functioning. We went to the farms and observed the cropping patterns. Every piece of land was
covered by sugarcane and rice.
Living among the poorest of the poor, observing their daily struggle for basic amenities, was an
experience that made us realize what we are here to do. It reminded me of a stay in 2011 when as
a medical student I went to Dayalpur village, merely 50 km from the national capital. That’s
where I realized problems of the poor are solved not by medicine but by providing them with
proper civic amenities and nutrition. That experience pushed me towards IAS. Life came full
circle.
To conclude, I felt privileged and humbled to be trained at LBSNAA, Mussoorie. The sense of
pride you get when you realize that all the senior civil servants who took all the major decisions,
made policies marking paradigm shifts and that influenced the very fabric of Indian society,
economy and polity and in-turn, laid the founding stone of present day modern India.
If this was not enough, the fact that we have to fill their shoes, carry forward and improve upon
their work further fills us with feeling of tremendous responsibility and patriotism.
Aadhar
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) accountable for realizing the AADHAAR plan, a
unique recognition scheme. It was recognized in 2009, February & will possess & functions the Unique
Identification Number record. The power intends to offer an exclusive id number to every Indian, and it
is not a smart cards. Database of people’s biometric & different records will be maintained by the
authority.
The organization is headed through a chairman, and he will have a cabinet position. The UIDAI is division
of the Indian Planning Commission. Previous Infosys Technologies’ co-chairman Nandan Nilekani, was
selected as the 1st authority Chairman in 2009, June. IAS Officer of Government of Jharkhand, Mr. Ram
Sewak Sharma, is Authority’s Director General & Mission Director.
Salient features of Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve digit exclusive number that the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) will
provide for every Indian citizen (on a charitable basis). The numeral will be stockpiled in a centralized
record & coupled to the essential demographics & biometric knowledge – photograph, 10 fingerprints &
iris – of every person. It is effortlessly confirmable through online, cost- efficient method. It is exclusive
& vigorous sufficient to abolish the huge number of copy & forged uniqueness in government & private
records. The arbitrary number produced will be devoid of any categorization depending on caste, faith,
religion & topography.
Pre Launch
Prior to being given with infrastructure of government, a core growth panel was collected mainly of non-
resident Indians who returned to India only for this scheme. The Wall Street Journal named this as
Dream Team of Nilekani. The core group incorporated Srikanth Nadhamuni, Pramod Varma, Wyly
Wade, Salil Prabhakar, amid several different. Mainly the tech gurus who planned the exclusive ID
scheme were of Indian-origin, & volunteered to assist the attempt without charge. This first group given
the alpha edition of the software, the plan & ran the evidence of idea in the countryside.
Launch
On September 29, 2010 in Maharashtra state UIDAI started AADHAAR plan in the ethnic village, Tembhli,
in Shahada, Nandurbar. The plan was launched by Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh beside with UPA
president Sonia Gandhi. The 1st inhabitant to get an AADHAAR was Tembhli village’s Rajana Sonawane.
Name and Logo
UID scheme is recognized as AADHAAR' which means 'support' or 'foundation’ & its symbol is a yellow
sun that has in its centre fingerprint entrenched. Atul Sudhakar Rao Pande designed the logo.
Coaching
My strategy for UPSC Prelims
I cleared the prelims exam twice. I cleared without attending any classes, and by studying on weekends
while I was working full time. This year again prelims 2014 Again most probably i will clear but I learnt a
few things along the way that I wish someone told me earlier! So sharing coz many has asked me abt
how to start this journey !
Tip 1. Do not read books from cover to cover.
When I had just started preparing for the UPSC exams, I would pick up a book and start reading it from
the first page. I would read till like the 30th page, get bored, and then put the book aside for a while.
When I picked it up later, I would forget what I read earlier. This went on for a while till I realized there
was no progress.
Instead, here is what I suggest you do– read a book with a specific purpose. Before you pick up the book,
you should have an answer to this question– “what do I expect to learn from this book today?”. This will
help you navigate the book better. Go straight to the pages that will give you what you need, read
selectively, write notes and stash the book away till you need it for a different topic!
For example, don’t just pick up Spectrum Modern India and start reading it from the preface till the last
page (that’s exactly what I tried to do the first time). Instead, first figure out a list of topics that you need
to cover in modern Indian history. Then pick up your book to tackle a specific topic, like “Causes and
Consequences of the 1857 Revolt”. That way, you spend your time more purposefully. You will be able
to better track what you have read and what you have yet to cover.
Tip 6. Study the above areas in depth, and the rest in breadth
The rest of the areas in Paper 1, like environment, culture, social issues etc. do not have a predictable
base from which questions are asked. So you have to cast a wider net here. Don’t stress out too much
about these, just stay curious and read whatever you can lay your hands on. Like wikipedia articles,
coaching centre notes, blogs etc.
For environment, Vajiram’s booklet was nice and concise. I also searched online for endangered and
critically endangered species in India. Then I looked up to see what the basic criteria are for classifying
species as “endangered” or “vulnerable”. I also searched for some government initiatives, like Project
Tiger, Project Snow Leopard etc. There were some 4 questions I could attempt based on this.
1. 1908 2. 1914 3. 1915 4. 1916 5. 1923 6. 1924 7. 1925 8. 1925 9-11 sob gulo 1929
DANCES OF INDIA
1x8+1=9
12 x 8 + 2 = 98
123 x 8 + 3 = 987
1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 x 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654
1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543
12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432
123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321
1 x 9 + 2 = 11
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111
12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111
123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111
9 x 9 + 7 = 88
98 x 9 + 6 = 888
987 x 9 + 5 = 8888
9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888
98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888
987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888
98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888
1x1=1
11 x 11 = 121
111 x 111 = 12321
1111 x 1111 = 1234321
11111 x 11111 = 123454321
111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
11111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111 = 12345678987654321
A related expression is "Vox populi vox Dei" meaning the voice of the people is the voice of
God. It refers to the idea that the king or the government ought to pay attention to the voice of
the people.
Take a circle of radius 1. Inscribe a regular triangle in this circle. Inscribe a circle in this triangle.
Inscribe a square in it. Inscribe a circle, regular pentagon, circle, regular hexagon and so forth.
What is the radius of the circle formed when the process is carried forever (the radius of the
limiting circle)?
Digvijay Singh
20, India
Hey Guys... The question is copied from a wiki article... Found it beautiful so posted it... check it
out.
TRICKS OF GEOGRAPHY:=
1. Countries Around Caspian Sea-
TRICK :- TARIK (date) words in ( ) just to make it easy.
Tajakistan, Azarbejaan, Russia, Iran, Kazakh
2. Cities Of Australia When Moving In Clockwise Direction
Trick : - B.S.C M.A. PhD
B risbane S ydney C anberra M albourne
A delaide P erth D arwin
3. UK UK is made of WINES
W-wales IN-Ireland North E- England S-scotland
4. OUR ISLAND OF JAPAN
TRICK :- hai hai sharukh khan
Hai - Hokkaido Hai – Honshu Sharukh – shikoku Khan – Kyushu
5. Trick for World lake
TRICK : - KAISI SUPERIOR VICTORIA ARE HUM MASINGUN TANG GREAT BANK KA
GREATSLAB WALE HAI
KAISI – CASPIAN SUPERIOR - SUPERIOR VICTORIA - VICTORIA ARE - ARAL
HUM - HURAL MASINGUN - MISIHIGUN TANG - TANGYNIKA GREAT - GREATBEAR
BANK - BAIKAL GREATSLAB – GREATSLAB
6. Origin place of river
TRICK : - Sbi-mansarover
S - satlaj B-bhramaputra I-indus
MNS-amarkantak M-mahanadi N-narmada S-son
7. Tributaries Of Ganga...
TRICK :- RAM GI , KALI GI , KAS MAHAN HOTE...
RAM---RAMGANGA GI------GOMTI KALI--- KALI or SARDA
GI------ GANDAK KAS---- KOSI MAHAN—MAHANANDA
north india pe jis river k naam pe "va" aata h (hindi ka) wo himachal se nikalti h ..
vaysh raavi aur chinva
River From South To North In Order
TRICK :- JASVIB MADHU
SutiaJ vyAS raVI chenaB jhelaM sinDHU
8. Length F Boundary India Shares In Decreasing Order
TRICK :- BACHPAN
Bangladesh China Pakistan Nepal
9. A.M P.M se T (time) ko denote krte hain. Ye ek trick hai bangladesh se sate bharat ke padosi
states.
A = Assam M = mizoram P = paschim bang M = meghalaya T= tripura
A.M P.M se T (time)
10. States Wd Bicameral System
TRICK : - JUMBAK (in rhyme wd CHUMBAK=magnet)
J – Jammu & Kasmir U - Uttar Pradesh M - Maharastra
B – Bihar A – Andhra Pradesh K – Karnatak
11. Indian states touch boundary of Bhutan
TRICK :- "SAAB"
SIKKIM ARUNACHAL PRADESH ASSAM BENGAL
12. Indian states touch boundary of Myanmar
TRICK :- ARUNA MAMI
ARUNANCHAL NAGALAND MANIPUR MIZORAM
13. Indian states touch boundary to China.
TRICK :- JAMMU ka SIpahi ARUN HIMAlaya par UTARA
JAMMU&KASHMIR, SIKKIM, ARUNACHAL PRADESH,
HIMACHAL PRADESH and UTTARAKHAND
14. M.P. DIVISION SHORT CUT
TRICK : - NRI GUJB SSC
N- NARMDAPURAM R- REWA I- INDORE G- GWALIOR
U- UJJAIN J- JABALPUR B- BHOPAL S- SHAHDOL
S- SAGAR C- CHAMBAL
15. PONDICHERRY Have 4 District That Name Is.....
TRICK :- PRADEEP KUMAR MISTER YADAV..
TRICK :- MISTER PRADEEP KUMAR YADAV
PRADEEP - PONDICHERRY KUMAR - KARAIKAL
MISTER - MAHE YADAV – YANAM
16. HOW TO LEARN THE HIGHWAY.....
IF 1 IS DELHI 2 IS KOLKATA 3 IS MUMBAI 4 IS CHENNAI
THEN
NH-1..... started from 1 so delhi to bhagwan AMRITSA
NH-2 .....1 TO 2 ...DELHI TO KOLKATA
NH-3 .....1 TO 3 ....AGRA(JUST NEAR TO DELHI TO MUMBAI)
NH-4.......3 TO 4.... MUMBAI TO CHENNAI
NH-24...DELHI SE LUCKNOW K LIYE 24 HR TRAIN MILTI HAI...SO DELHI TO
LUCKNOW
MEETING POINT OF N-S CORRIDOR AND E-W CORRODR JUNCTION
TRICK :- JHANSI –Another TRICKS OF GEOGARPHY...
1. Himalayan ranges from top to bottom.. ....
TRICK :- Kal Jana Padega Desh Se..
K = karakoram j = zaskar P - Pirpanjal D = dauladhar S = shiwalik
Ye Himalay Ki Parvat Sredi H....
TRICK :- (aaplogo ne kabhi "KALA PIZA" khaya h .. nahi na to aaj khaiye )
Ka - karakoram la - laddakh pi - pir panjal Za – zansker
2. Important hills of INDIA
HILL RANGE PEAK LOCATION
1) Aravali Gurushikhar Rajasthan
2) Western Ghat Anaimudi Kerla
3) Rajmahal huills Prasnath West bengal
4) Naga hills Sramati Ngaland
5) Andman& Nicobar Saddle pick North Nicobar
6) Eastern ghat Deodimunda Orissa
1 Aj Ghumenge RAJsthan
2 WITHOUT ANNA-KEJRIWALL (silent mood---silent valley also located in western ghat)
3 RAJAMAHAL PURUSHO KA BANGLA HOTA HAI..
4 NAGAO KO SARAM NHI ATI NANGA RHNE ME..
5 ANDMAN---SADDLE PICK----NORTH NICOBAR ( just learn this)
6 EAST ME DEKHO ORISSA KA KONARK MANDIR DIKHEGA..
3.
1 Main Passes of Himalayas
sikkim- (nathuram sikkim jail gaya)
nathuram-Nathu La jail-Jelep La
2) himachal- rohit barah(12) baje shipki gaya
rohit- Rohtang Pass barah-Bara Lacha shipki- Shipki Pass
3) arunanchal- (dipu ne likha pani me paan ) & Bomdi La
dipu- Diphu likha-pani- Likhapani paan – Pangsan
4. Countries Thru Which Prime Meridian Passes-
TRICK : - BSF GAME IN TOTO
B – Burkinafaso S – Spain F – France
G – Ghana A – Algeria M - Mali E - England
IN TOTO - Niger Toto
5.
5 Great Lakes In North America IN Clock Wise
TRICK :- HOMES
H – Huron O – Ontario M – Michigan E – Erie S – Superior
6. Countries Sourrounding NYASA Lake
TRICK :- MAMTA
MA – Malawi M- Mozambique TA – Tanzania
7. Countries Sourrounding Victiria Lake
TRICK : - KUTA (kutta)
K – Kenya U - Uganda TA – Tanzania
8. Easy Trick To Remember Countries Of The West Africa Region
TRICK :- Breakfast Buddies Never Give Nice Tips Without Appetizers
Breakfas – Benin Buddies - Burkina faso Never - Niger
Give - Ghana Nice Tips Without Appetizers - Nigeria-Western Africa
9. To Remember Great Lakes In Order From West To East
TRICK :- Super Man Helps Every One
Super - Superior Man - Michigan
Helps – Huron Every - Erie One – Ontario
10. OCEANS (LARGEST TO SMALLEST)
ACRONYM = P A I S A
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, INDIAN, SOUTHERN, ARCTIC
Environment related:
1. First of all you should remember that 5 JUNE – World Environment Day coz it is the prime in
all.
Now remember 22 as date and a sequence March, April, and May.Then memorize a sequence
WATER,
EARTH, BIO-DIVERSITY.
If someone asks you when you will quit smoking a very common answer is “yaar is month ke
LAST MAY quit kar dunga”So what is the last of MAY MONTH??????"31"
31 MAY – ANTI TOBACO DAY (NO SMOKING DAY)
India is the country having highest no. of YOUTHIndia became independent on 15th of
AUGUSTSo you
can easily relate the words "youth & august"
12 AUG- WORLD YOUTH DAY
12 JAN- NATIONAL YOUTH DAY (SWAMI VIVEKANAND’S BIRTHDAY)...
2. BD MARoge to Tb to hogi hiHere B=2, D=4 so date become “24“ then I wrote MARoge , in
the word
mar= March and that is a month , then I wrote TB(tuberculosis ) भभभभ भभभ
so you can easily relate
24 MARCH- WORLD TB DAY (भभभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ)
( भभभभभभ भभभभभभभभ )
भभ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभभभ
भभ-भभ भभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभ
भभ-भभभभभभभ
भ -भभभभभभ भभभभभ-1958
भभ -भभभभ भभभभ भभभभभभभभ-1963
भ-भभभभभभ भभभभभभ भभभभ-1883
भभ-भभभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ-1990
भभ-भभ भभ भभ भभभभ-1992
भभ-भभभभभभ भभभभ-2000
भ-भभभभभभभ भभभ-2001
भभ-भभभभभभ भभ भभभभ-2013
भभभभभभ-भभभभभभ भभभभभ-1971
M-भभभ भभभभभभ-1980
A-भभभभभ भभभभभभ-1997
S-भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभ भभ-1998
L-भभभ भभभभभभभ-2001
भभभभभ
भभभभभभ-भभभभभभ भभभभभ
M-भभभ भभभभभभ
M-भभ भभ भभभभभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
L-भभभ भभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभ
C-भभभभभ
F-भभभभभभ
J-भभभभभभ
E-भभभभ
J-भभभभ
E-भभभभभभ
R-भभभभभ
------------------------------------
MBBS C
M-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभ
B-भभभभभभभ
S-भभ.भभभभभभभ
C-भभभ
------------------------------------
A = भभभभभभभभभभभ
A= भभभभभभभभभभभ
P = भभभभभभ
M = भभभभभभभो
U = भभभभभभभ भभभभभभ
J = भभभभभभ, भभभभ
E = भभभभ, भभभभभभभभभभ
A = भभभभभभभ
C = भभभ, भभभभभ
S = भभभभ भभभभभभभ
T = भभभभभभभभभभ
R = भभभभभ
------------------------------------
MBBS PANI
M-भभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ
B-भभभभभभभभभभ
S- भभभभभभभभ
P-भभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
N-भभभभभ
I-भभभभभभ
------------------------------------
RAAT KO PUMP
भभभ भभ भभभभ भभभभ भभ.
R-भभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभ
A-भभभभ
T-भभभभभभभभभ
K-भभभभभभभ
O-भभभभभ
P-भभभभभ
U-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
M-भभभभभभभभभभ
P-भ.भभभभभ.
------------------------------------
भभ भभभ TB भ भभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ भभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ भभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभभभ
T-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ
------------------------------------
भभभभ MBA
भ-भभभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभ
भ-भभभभभभभभभ
भ-भभभभभ
M-भभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
------------------------------------
MKG G AC
M-भभभभभभभभभभ
K-भभभभभभभ
G-भभभभ
G- भभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
C-भभभभभभ
------------------------------------
RCC AB AB
R-भभभभभ
C-भभभभभ
C-भभभ
A-भभभभभभभ
B-भभभभभभभ
A-भभभभभभभभभभभ
B-भभभभ
National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) : Narendra Modi, Chairman
• Lok Sabha, Speaker : Mrs. Sumitra Mahajan
• Lok Sabha, Secretary-General : T. K. Viswanathan
• Rajya Sabha, Chairman : Mohammad Hamid Ansari
• Rajya Sabha, Deputy Chairman : P. J. Kurien
• Rajya Sabha, Leader of House : Arun Jaitley
• Rajya Sabha, Leader of Opposition : Ghulam Nabi Azad
• Rajya Sabha, Secretary-General : Shumsher K. Sheriff
• National Institution for Transforming India (Niti Aayog) : Arvind Panagariya, Vice-Chairman
• Chief Election Commissioner : Syed Nasim Zaidi
• Election Commissioner : Achal Kumar Jyoti
• Chief Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) : K. V. Chowdary
• Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) : Vijai Sharma
• Comptroller and Auditor-General of India : Shashi Kant Sharma
• National Human Right Commission (NHRC) : Justice K. G. Balakrishnan, Chairperson
• Cabinet Secretary : Ajit Kumar Seth
• Principal Secretary to Prime Minister : Nripendra Misra
• National Commission for Backward Classes : Justice V. Eshwaraiah, Chairman
• National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) : Ms. Shanta Sinha, Chairperson
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes : Dr. P. L. Punia, Chairman
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) : Dr.Rameshwar Oraon, Chairman
• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) : Deepak Gupta, Chairman
• National Commission on Farmers (NCF) : Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, Chairman
• National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security) : Ajit Kumar Doval
• National Investigation Agency (NIA) : Sharad Kumar, Director-General
• Railway Board : A. K. Mital, Chairman
• Intelligence Bureau (IB) : Dineshwar Sharma, Director
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) : Anil Kumar Sinha, Director
• Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) : Rajinder Khanna, Director
• National Security Guard (NSG) : Jayanto Narayan Choudhury, Director-General
• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) : Prakash Mishra, Director-General
• Border Security Force (BSF) : Devendra Kumar Pathak, Director-General
• Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) : Arvind Ranjan, Director-General
• Railway Protection Force. (RPF) : P. K. Mehta, Director-General
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) : Krishna Chaudhary, Director-General
• Sashastra Seema Bal : B. D. Sharma, Director-General
• Indian Coast Guard : Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal, Director-General
• Defence Intelligence Agency : Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh, Director-General
• University Grants Commission (UGC) : Prof. Ved Prakash, Chairman
• Defence Research and Development Organisation. (DRDO) : Dr. S. Christopher, Director-
General
• Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government : Dr. R. Chidambaram
• Space Commission and ISRO : A. S. Kiran Kumar, Chairman
• Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy : Ratan Kumar Sinha,
Chairman
• National Commission for Minorities : Naseem Ahmad, Chairperson
• Staff Selection Commission (SSC) : Amitava Bhattacharya, Chairman
• Indian Council of Medical Research : Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch, Director-General
• India and Census Commissioner : C. Chandramouli, Registrar-General
• Law Commission of India : Justice Ajit Prakash Shah, Chairman
• Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) : Dr. B. N. Suresh, President
• National Forest Commission : Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal, Chairman
• National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) : T. Nanda Kumar, Chairperson
• Border Roads Organisation : Lt. General AT Parnaik, Director-General
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI) : Dr. Raghuram Rajan, Governor
• Press Council of India : Justice Chandramauli Kumar Prasad, Chairman
• Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) : Ravindra Pisharody, Chairman
• Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) : R. K. Tewari, Chairman
• Central Board of Excise and Customs : Mrs. J.M. Shanti Sundharam, Chairman
• Competition Commission of India : Ashok Chawla
• Central Administrative Tribunal : Justice Syed Rafat Alam, Chairman
• National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) : R.S.T. Sai, CMD
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) : Dinesh K. Sarraf, CMD
• GAIL : B. C. Tripathi, CMD
• Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) : S. Behuria, Chairman
• Oil India Ltd : Sunil Kumar Srivastava, CMD
• Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) : Dr. Satbir Bedi, Chairperson
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) : U. K. Sinha, Chairman
• National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) : Dr. Harsh Kumar
Bhanwala, Chairman
• State Bank of India (SBI) : Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya, Chairman
• Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) : M. S. Raghavan, Chairman
• Company Law Board : Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh, Chairman
• India's Permanent Representative to UN : Asoke Kumar Mukerji
• Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) : S. K. Roy, Chairman
• Central Water Commission : Ashwin Pandya, Chairman
• National Commission for Women : Ms. Lalitha Kumarmangalam, Chairperson
• 14th Finance Commission : Dr. Y. V. Reddy, Chairman
• National Statistical Commission : Dr. Pronob Sen, Chairman
• Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) : Pahlaj Nihalani, Chairperson
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) : Dr. Rakesh Tewari, Director-General
• Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) : Dr. Jyotsna Suri,
President
• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) : Dr. Rahul Khullar, Chairman
• Enforcement Directorate : Dr. Rajan Katoch, Director
• Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) : R. V. Verma, Chairman
• Bhabha Atomic Research Centre : Dr. Sekhar Basu, Director
• Indian Olympic Association : N. Ramachandran, President
• National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) : Prof. B.K.Tripathi, Acting
Director
• Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) : Ajay S. Shriram, President
• Prasar Bharti Board : Dr. A. Surya Prakash, Chairman
• Investment Commission : Ratan Tata, Chairman
• Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) : Jagmohan Dalmiya, President
• International Cricket Council (ICC) : Mr. Zaheer Abbas, President
• NASSCOM : R. Chandrasekaran, Chairman
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• Children's Film Society : Mukesh Khanna, Chairman
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• Indian Newspaper Society (INS) : Kiran B. Vadodaria, President
• The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) : Rana Kapoor,
President
A Brief on CURRENCY SYSTEM IN INDIA:
**********************************************************
Present Denomination of Bank Notes:
At present, banknotes in India are issued in the denomination of Re.1, Rs.5 Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50,
Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000. These notes are called banknotes as they are issued by the Reserve
Bank of India (Reserve Bank).
Denomination of Bank Notes & Coins:
The Reserve Bank can also issue banknotes in the denominations of five thousand rupees and ten
thousand rupees, or any other denomination that the Central Government may specify. There
cannot, though, be banknotes in denominations higher than ten thousand rupees in terms of the
current provisions of the Reserve Bank of India of Act, 1934. Coins can be issued up to the
denomination of Rs.1000.
Role of Government of India in Currency System:
In terms of Section 25 of RBI Act, 1934 the design of banknotes is required to be approved by
the Central Government on the recommendations of the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of
India. The responsibility for coinage vests with the Government of India on the basis of the
Coinage Act, 1906 as amended from time to time. The Government of India also attends to the
designing and minting of coins in various denominations.
How much currency to be produced?
The Reserve Bank decides the volume and value of banknotes except Re. 1 note to be printed
each year. The quantum of banknotes that needs to be printed, broadly depends on the
requirement for meeting the demand for banknotes due to inflation, GDP growth, replacement of
soiled banknotes and reserve stock requirements.
Who decides the coins issue?
The Government of India decides the quantity of coins to be minted on the basis of indents(
official order) received from the Reserve Bank.
How does the Reserve Bank estimate the demand for banknotes?
The Reserve Bank estimates the demand for banknotes on the basis of the growth rate of the
economy, the replacement demand and reserve stock requirements by using statistical
models/techniques.
What is a currency chest?
To facilitate the distribution of banknotes and rupee coins, the Reserve Bank has authorized
select branches of scheduled banks to establish Currency Chests. These are actually storehouses
where banknotes and rupee coins are stocked on behalf of the Reserve Bank.
What is a small coin depot?
Some bank branches are also authorized to establish Small Coin Depots to stock small coins. The
Small Coin Depots also distribute small coins to other bank branches in their area of operation.
What are soiled, mutilated and imperfect banknotes?
(i) "soiled note:" means a note which, has become dirty due to usage and also includes a two
piece note pasted together wherein both the pieces presented belong to the same note, and form
the entire note.
(ii) Mutilated banknote is a banknote, of which a portion is missing or which is composed of
more than two pieces.
(iii) Imperfect banknote means any banknote, which is wholly or partially, obliterated, shrunk,
washed, altered or indecipherable but does not include a mutilated banknote.
Can soiled and mutilated banknotes be exchanged for value?
Yes. Such banknotes can be exchanged for value.
Clean Note Policy:
Reserve Bank of India has been continuously making efforts to make good quality banknotes
available to the members of public. To help RBI and banking system, the members of public are
requested to ensure the following:
a) Not to staple the banknotes
b) Not to write / put rubber stamp or any other mark on the banknotes
c) Store the banknotes safely to prevent any damage
Note:
1) Seeking to spread awareness among public about fake notes, the Reserve Bank has launched a
website explaining ways to detect counterfeit notes. With a tagline 'Pehchano Paise Ki Boli,
Kyunki Paisa Bolta Hai', the website- www.paisaboltahai.rbi.org.in -- gives visual presentation
with pointers on currency notes of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 rupee denominations.
2) MINIMUM RESERVE SYSTEM
The Reserve Bank has the sole right to issue currency notes, except one rupee notes which are
issued by the Ministry of Finance. The RBI follows a minimum reserve system in the note issue.
Initially, it used to keep 40 per cent of gold reserves in its total assets. But, since 1957, it has to
maintain only Rs. 200 crores of gold and foreign exchange reserves, of which gold reserves
should be of the value of Rs. 115 crores.
3) After a gap of over 20 years, Re 1 note has been released in the country and it bears the
signature of Finance Secretary Rajiv Mehrishi. Incidentally, the note was released at Shrinathji
temple in Nathdwara, Rajasthan, on March 6 by Mehrishi.
M— Maldives
B— Bhutan
B— Bangladesh
S— SriLanka
P— Pakistan
A— Afghanistan
I— India
N— Nepal
##################भभभभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ######################
#भभभभभ
#भभभभ
@भभभभभभभभभ-भभभभभभभभ भभभभ
@भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभ
@भभभभभभभभभभभभ-भ भभभभ
@भभभभभभभ भभभभ
@भभभभभभभभभभ भभभभ
#भभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ
#भभभभभभभभ भभभभभ
@भभभभभभभभ भभभभभभभ
I have experienced more failure than most of you reading this answer. I have had my fair share
of setbacks and each and every time I couldn't succeed, I felt like this is the end of the world.
You feel like air is not going in and out of your lungs, you suffocate, your abdomen hurts, feels
like you are chewing lava but at the same time, your heart is ice cold. Your hands become numb,
your eye wants to gouge out from the socket, the head is exploding, you feel like pissing and
defecating but your system is frozen, your feet doesn't support your body. You feel like your
worst nightmare has come alive and there is no hope for you anymore.
The worst feeling is that deep dark sinking feeling which just lingers. At that moment, you feel
like it will stay the same way forever. That small voice inside your head start to have endless
discussion with you and concludes that you are nothing but a worthless piece of s#!t. You
become anxious, depressed and are completely stressed out all the time.
1. Didn't get into NTSE or cleared any such exams till the class X (partially because I didn't
study at all till class X and also as there was not much exposure in my school).
2. The first test I gave in Class XI, I got negative marks.
3. Couldn't clear Physics Olympiad (even the first step), Chemistry and Biology Olympiad
(Second Step). It's a different story that people who knew much-2 less than me got
through.
4. I failed in a Biochemistry internal examination in AIIMS first professional exam (was
going through some depression due to personal issues).
5. I did a project for KVPY in my AIIMS days and was fortunate enough to get a call by
IISc (Indian Institute of Science). This is my interview call letter.
6.
For the first time in my life, I worked on a project for 2 months (July and August, 2009),
handling, feeding smelly rats and operating on them to compare the nociceptive (pain
reducing) effect of Morphine with Ketorolac. For attending this interview, I spent the
largest amount ever on myself till that date (Rs. 15,000), took a flight for the first time in
my life and went outside Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan (again for the first time), as IISc
is in Bangalore. 17 of us from AIIMS gave the interview and personally for me
everything went perfectly fine. But when result came out after 2 months, 15 got the
KVPY scholarship (around 5 lakh Rupees in total) while 2/17 didn't made it. As you have
guessed I was one of the two who didn't get the scholarship. I felt completely shattered.
So to make a long story short, I have failed on countless occasion, more than I care to
remember. But that's not the point. Each and every failure I faced, I tried to learn
something from it, at all times. I always tweaked my strategy according to the learnings
and kept pushing forward. You really only fail when you stop trying. Even if you don't
make it, just take it on the chin like a champ, standup, rub it, get on with it and start
training again. But just a word of caution, not all failure is good. You need to learn
something from these event and make appropriate changes in your tactics, so that the next
time you face a similar problem, you have better odds of succeeding. As Albert Einstein
said, "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over, and expecting a different result."
When the angels have fallen and the devil has had his day,the gates of heaven will still be
guarded by a single maroon beret
RICKS OF GEOGARPHY...
1. Himalayan ranges from top to bottom.. ....
TRICK :- Kal Jana Padega Desh Se..
K = karakoram j = zaskar P - Pirpanjal D = dauladhar S = shiwalik
Ye Himalay Ki Parvat Sredi H....
TRICK :- (aaplogo ne kabhi "KALA PIZA" khaya h .. nahi na to aaj khaiye )
Ka - karakoram la - laddakh pi - pir panjal Za – zansker
2. Important hills of INDIA
HILL RANGE PEAK LOCATION
1) Aravali Gurushikhar Rajasthan
2) Western Ghat Anaimudi Kerla
3) Rajmahal huills Prasnath West bengal
4) Naga hills Sramati Ngaland
5) Andman& Nicobar Saddle pick North Nicobar
6) Eastern ghat Deodimunda Orissa
1 Aj Ghumenge RAJsthan
2 WITHOUT ANNA-KEJRIWALL (silent mood---silent valley also located in western ghat)
3 RAJAMAHAL PURUSHO KA BANGLA HOTA HAI..
4 NAGAO KO SARAM NHI ATI NANGA RHNE ME..
5 ANDMAN---SADDLE PICK----NORTH NICOBAR ( just learn this)
6 EAST ME DEKHO ORISSA KA KONARK MANDIR DIKHEGA..
3.
1 Main Passes of Himalayas
sikkim- (nathuram sikkim jail gaya)
nathuram-Nathu La jail-Jelep La
2) himachal- rohit barah(12) baje shipki gaya
rohit- Rohtang Pass barah-Bara Lacha shipki- Shipki Pass
3) arunanchal- (dipu ne likha pani me paan ) & Bomdi La
dipu- Diphu likha-pani- Likhapani paan – Pangsan
4. Countries Thru Which Prime Meridian Passes-
TRICK : - BSF GAME IN TOTO
B – Burkinafaso S – Spain F – France
G – Ghana A – Algeria M - Mali E - England
IN TOTO - Niger Toto
5.
5 Great Lakes In North America IN Clock Wise
TRICK :- HOMES
H – Huron O – Ontario M – Michigan E – Erie S – Superior
6. Countries Sourrounding NYASA Lake
TRICK :- MAMTA
MA – Malawi M- Mozambique TA – Tanzania
7. Countries Sourrounding Victiria Lake
TRICK : - KUTA (kutta)
K – Kenya U - Uganda TA – Tanzania
8. Easy Trick To Remember Countries Of The West Africa Region
TRICK :- Breakfast Buddies Never Give Nice Tips Without Appetizers
Breakfas – Benin Buddies - Burkina faso Never - Niger
Give - Ghana Nice Tips Without Appetizers - Nigeria-Western Africa
9. To Remember Great Lakes In Order From West To East
TRICK :- Super Man Helps Every One
Super - Superior Man - Michigan
Helps – Huron Every - Erie One – Ontario
10. OCEANS (LARGEST TO SMALLEST)
ACRONYM = P A I S A
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC, INDIAN, SOUTHERN, ARCTIC
NOTE: SOUTHERN OCEAN IS A NEW ADDITION ( IN 2000 )
Rx = Treatment.
Hx = History
Dx = Diagnosis
q = Every
qd = Every day
qod = Every other day
qh = Every Hour
S = without
SS = On e half
C = With
SOS = If needed
AC = Before Meals
PC = After meals
BID = Twice a Day
TID = Thrice a Day
QID = Four times a day
OD = Once a Day
BT = Bed Time
hs = Bed Time
BBF = Before Breakfast
BD = Before Dinner
Tw = Twice a week
SQ = sub cutaneous
IM = Intramuscular . .
ID = Intradermal
IV = Intravenous
QAM = every morning
QPM =every night
Q4H = every 4 hours
QOD = every other day
HS = at bedtime
PRN = as needed
AC = before meals
PC = after meals
Mg = milligrams
Mcg/ug = micrograms
G or Gm = grams
1TSF ( Teaspoon) = 5 ml
1 Tablespoonful =15ml