Extensive Reading B - Word List

WORD PART DEFINITION SAMPLE SENTENCE SYNONYM

Unit 1

The naturalist at the state park leads daily

naturalist n. a person who studies plants and animals
hikes for over 100 people a day.

Guests should always follow conventions at

convention n. a method rule
parties by always thanking the host.

The survival of the life forms will depend

life forms n. a newly discovered type of life form
on its ability to replicate itself.
binomial In biology, binomial nomenclature is how
n. a formal system of naming species
nomenclature species are called.
A species is often defined as a group of
species n. a category of living things organisms capable of producing fertile a breed
offspring.
Human beings belong to the Homo Sapien
genus n. a type of classification
genus.
the system of classifying plants and Most people view taxonomy as a rather
taxonomy n.
animals dry field of science.
John works in a very hierarchical company;
hierarchical adj. of being arranged by order or class he never has an opportunity to express his
opinions.

In biology, living organisms are subdivided

the highest category in the classification
kingdoms n. into five major kingdoms: Monera, Protista,
of plants or animals
Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

In biology, order is the category between

orders n. the subdivision of a class
class and family.

One of the characteristics of a gifted child

characteristics n. a distinguishing feature or quality aspect
is their ability to solve complex puzzles.

the second category, below kingdom, in Human beings belong to the Chordate
phylum n.
the classification of plants or animals phylum.

Prokaryotes are the smallest and original

prokaryotes n. an organism lacking a true nucleus
inhabitants of planet earth.
Protists are a diverse group of organisms
Any one-celled organism belonging to that cannot be classified in any of the
protists n.
the kingdom Protista other kingdoms; They are classified in their
own kingdom.
one of the five kingdoms of animal and Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are
fungi n.
plant classification examples of fungi.
Human organisms are different from other
organisms n. any living thing, plant, or animal organisms in that they have a thought
process.
the process where a plant's chloroplasts
Photosynthesis involves several complex
photosynthesis n. capture the sun's energy and convert it
chemical reactions.
into food
For the first six months of life, babies
nutrients n. a source of nourishment receive all their nutrients from the mother's
milk.

The reproduction of human beings occurs

Reproduction n. being reproduction
in the union of an egg and a sperm.

Charles Schulz was the originator of the

originator n. a person or thing that starts something
famous Peanuts comic strips.
Unit 2

Earth is divided by the equator into

hemisphere n. any of the halves of the earth
Northern and Southern hemispheres.
What is in vogue these days is for
streaks n. a line or long mark teenagers to highlight their hair with
different streaks of color.
We had to stop watching TV because there
flicker v. to move quickly was too much flicker ; we need to get the move
TV fixed.
As the hot-air balloon descended behind
arcs n. a bowlike curved line or object our house, it made a colorful arc right
above the roof.
a region of space near an electric current Magnetic fields surround electric currents,
magnetic field n. in which a magnetic force acts on any magnetic dipoles, and changing electric
other electric current fields.
Factors affecting effective cooperation of
the team members are perceptions
emanating v. to send forth emit
emanating from the failure of past
projects.
Our broken television emits a rattling
emits v. to send out give out
sound from the speakers.
Light waves are the only particles that we
particles n. an extremely small piece
can see with our eyes.
Charged particles can be positive, negative,
charged particles n. a particle with an electric charge
or neutral.
The 130 mile per hour gusts of wind
gusts n. a sudden, strong rush of air or wind
destroyed the entire village.
Earth has two magnetic poles: north and
magnetic poles n. the north and south poles of a magnet
south.
She always has a positive disposition; she
radiates v. to give forth or spread
radiates happiness.
The spectrum of visible colors is exhibited
spectrum n. the distribution of light across its colors
in the rainbow.
Jupiter is a gaseous planet composed
gaseous adj. having the form of gas primarily of the gases hydrogen and
helium.
the lightest particle with an electric
electrons n. Electrons circle the nucleus of an atom.
charge
a particle having energy but no mass or The photon has no mass, and therefore,
photon n.
electric charge can travel at the speed of light.
the distance from one point to the same
Waves with a longer wavelength take
wavelength n. point on the next sound or
longer to travel than shorter waves.
electromagnetic wav
The magnitude of the earthquake was
magnitude n. size or dimension unclear until all the debris was cleared
away.
The accident was caused by the plane
altitude n. distance above sea level
flying at a very low altitude.
As the ship sailed smoothly across the
the place in one's view where the earth's
horizon n. ocean, the people could see another ship
surface forms a line with the sky
over the horizon.
Unit 3

The exceptional violinist started playing

exceptional adj. unusually excellent superior
her instrument at the age of three.
By absorbing the nutrients and water
through its roots, a tree continues to grow
absorbing adj. to take in and incorporate assimilate
in the winter when their leaves have fallen
off.
Processing the information they learn at
processing v. To put through the steps of a procedure school is crutial if students are to be
successful.

allowing light to pass through so images He didn't realize he was walking into a
transparent adj. clear
can be clearly seen: glass door because it was so transparent.

to change from one form or use to The human body converts the food we eat
converts v. transform
another into energy that we can use.
The ship was able to transmit their
transmitted v. to send message safely without the enemy
intercepting them.
He dove into the swimming pool, he did
depth n. the quality of being deep deepness
not realize the depth of it.

The goal of our meeting is to merge our

merge v. to join together combine
differing ideas into one workable solution.

the inner lining of the eye that contains

The retina is the most complicated part of
many light-sensitive cells and sends
retina n. the eye; it is like a messenger that sends
messages about light and color to the
information to the brain.
brain
All the various roads converge at the main
converge v. to come together unite
gate.

cornea n. the transparent outer covering of the eye The cornea covers the iris and the pupil.

the colored part of the eye around the People have different colored irises--some
iris n.
pupil: are blue, brown, and green.

The results of the test were phenomenal;

phenomenal n. unusual, remarkable great
she will no longer require surger y.

The ciliary body inside the eye is part of

relating to certain fine structures of the
ciliary adj. the uveal tract—the layer of tissue which
eyeball
provides most of the nutrients in the eye

when something becomes smaller or The contraction of certain muscles in our

contraction n.
shorter body enable our arms and legs to move.

Her mother is amazing; She is able to

simultaneously adj. occurring at the same time teach her children, take care of the farm,
and write a novel simultaneously.
Binocular vision is vision in which both
binocular adj. using both eyes at the same time
eyes are used together.
His zeal and compassion more than
compensate v. to make equivalent compensates his lack of experience in the
field.
Her extraordinary perception of
the mental act or process of becoming understanding human emotions was
perception n.
aware of a thought phenomenal, given the fact that she was
so young.
After the impact of the accident, her
blur v. become difficult to see clearly
surroundings began to blur.
Unit 4

Many of the clothes are made from

synthetic adj. man-made artificial
synthetic materials.
a chemical substance consisting of large Polymers are consist of natural and
polymers n. molecules made from many smaller and synthetic materials which are used for a
simpler molecules variety of purposes.
a chemical that combines two or more
compounds n. Two elements, salt and chlorine, are com mixture
elements
The children molded the big piece of clay
molded v. to form into a shape to shape
into a artistic masterpiece.
The thieves were caught because the
a slender, threadlike structure made from
fibers n. police was able to trace the cloth fibers
a mineral or synthetically
found at the scene of the crime.
any compound containing only hydrogen Natural hydrocarbons are found in crude
hydrocarbon n.
and carbon oil.
a simple molecule that can form
When two monomers are chemically
monomers n. polymers by combining with identical or
bonded, they make a polymer.
similar molecules
Thermoplastics get their name from the
a type of plastic that can be melted and
thermoplastics n. fact that they can be melted and reshaped
reformed
and then frozen again.
Thermoset material is stronger than
a type of plastic that can not be melted
thermosets n. thermoplastic material and, therefore, are
and reformed
used in making work surfaces.
able to last a long time without being Durable items in the house include such
durable adj. strong
damaged  items as appliances and furniture.
an electrical machine that is used in the Most apartments in the United States are
appliances n.
home supplied with appliances.
When people have a picnic, they prefer to
disposable adj. intended to be thrown away after use 
use disposable plates.
People of different cultures use different
any implement or container ordinarily eating utensils; Koreans use chopsticks and
utensils n.
used as in a kitchen spoon, and Americans use forks, knives,
and spoons.
Drinking too much alcohol can be
hazardous n. risky or dangerous
hazardous to your health.
In most modern homes, you will not see
a device for protecting and supporting
insulators n. exposed wires because they have been
electric wires
covered with insulators.
something added to a substance to Because of the additive, the paint was
additives n.
improve it or to preserve it  fresh for more than 20 years.
the process in which plastic films and Extrusion produces items such as adhesive
extrusion n.
bags are made tape and wire insulation.
a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of The little boy, unknowingly, shot pellets
pellets n.
any substance from his toy gun, which killed the bird.
Granule is a generic term used for a small
granules n. a small grain-like piece of something
particle or grain
molded already defined
Unit 5

During the 1930s, America recaptured the

aviation n. the art or science of flying airplanes
technological lead in aviation.

There is much debate about when the

bible was written, but some scholars
BCE before the common (or Christian) era believe that the current first five books BC
continued to be edited until about 800
BCE.

Before the rescue workers dove into the

a set of equipment or tools or machines
apparatuses n. ocean, they checked their breathing
which is used for a particular purpose
apparatuses.
Biological research is often been a
something which happened or existed
precursors n. precursor to medical breakthroughs which forerunner
before another thing
benefit patients.
The phones at the crises center is manned
manned v. to furnish with men, as for service
24 hours a day.
The massive accident at sea was caused by
free-floating adj. capable of free movement; not bound the free-floating boats that had drifted to
sea during the typhoon.

Korea's subway system is a ver y convenient

a means or system of moving something
transportation n. form of public transportation; personal
from one place to another
automobiles are not needed in Korea.

The paddle boats at the lake are manually

propelled v. to push or move forward mobilize
propelled.
describes countries or groups of people The two warring countries were in conflict
warring adj.
that are at war with each other with each other for centuries.
a list of the times when events are Our scheduled flight was delayed for more
scheduled adj.
planned to happen than ten hours.
My brother was a civil engineering student
the science concerned with putting
engineering n. in college; he hoped to build bridges one
scientific knowledge to practical uses
day.
Historians have found that even ancient
navigate v. to steer a ship or airplane ships were able to navigate the large open maneuver
sea.
In recent years, pressurized rice cookers
to keep nearly standard atmospheric
pressurized adj. have come in vogue; cooks prefer the taste
pressure inside
of rice cooked this way.
The construction and stability of heavy-
heavy-load n. something that weighs a lot load ships allow them to carry extremely
heavy objects
After the tsunami last year, aid came from
transnational adj. going beyond national boundaries
transnational sources.
There must be an alternative to children
alternative n. another choice
eating junk food all the time.
The world's top five crude oil producing
oil in a natural state that has not yet
crude n. countries are: Saudi Arabia, Russia, United
been treated
States, Iran and China.
A French company was one of the first to
supersonic adj. faster than the sound of sound successfully operate a supersonic
passenger airline.
Gold increases in value over time, however,
declines v. to lessen in force decrease
appliances declines in value.

It is difficult to breathe in higher altitudes;

altitude n. height above sea level
oxygen masks are highly recommend.
Unit 6

The queen keeps her gems, mostly

a jewel or precious stone, usu. cut into a
gems n. diamonds and rubies in a safe deposit box
shape:
at the bank.
to cut or make polished plane surfaces The diamond cutter carefully made facets
faceted v.
on a gem on the diamond.
ornaments such as rings, brooches, Many movie stars like to wear a lot of
jewelry n. ornament
bracelets, etc jewelry.
Each ornament found on her Christmas
ornaments n. something that decorates or adorns embellishment
tree had significant sentimental value.
When rubber tree is cut, resin comes out
resin n. a sticky substance found in some plants
which is then used to make rubber.
When the archeologist dug up the
skeletons n. the hard framework of an animal body remains, he found the skeletons of several
kings.
of or having to do with the currency of a The clay pot she found in the dumpster
monetarily adj.
country had great monetarily value.
Refraction is the change in direction of a
refraction n. the turning or bending of any wave
wave due to a change in its speed.
When a diamond is crystallized, it has
crystallize v. to form into crystals
definite and characteristic angles.
An octahedron diamond has eight faces
octahedrons n. a solid figure having eight faces
that are all equilateral triangles.
the quality of having balance and The symmetrical design of the cathedral
symmetrical adj. balance
proportion makes it an esthetical beauty.

The impurities in the blood made it

impurities n. the state or quality of being impure
unsuitable for use in the blood transfusion.

Most drivers instinctively decelerate when

decelerates v. to go more slowly; to reduce speed
they see a police car.
The bench under the oak tree was the
providing conj. on the condition or understanding perfect escape--providing shelter from the
rain.
In recent years, many clothing
manufacturers are using flame-retarded
retarded v. to cause to move or proceed slowly delay
textiles in children's clothes due to the
demands from parent groups.
Dispersion is the quality in a diamond that
the breaking up of light into component
dispersion n. produces sparkles of color in an otherwise
colored rays, as by means of a prism
colorless stone.
characterized by or using straight lines,
The greatest form of geometric patterns
geometric adj. triangles, circles, or similar regular shapes
can be found in Islamic art.
or forms

Having lived in Alaska for so long, I have

wearable adj. suitable for wear
no wearable clothes for the summer.

Mineralogists from all over the world came

mineralogists n. a person who studies minerals to observe the twenty pound diamond
that was discovered.
the force that makes things fall to the Without gravity, we would all float in the
gravity n.
ground air.
Unit 7

The x-ray technician was very good at

technicians n. a worker trained with special skills what he did; he was able to take an x-ray
of the crying baby.
The bugs in the house were so
microscopic adj. extremely small microscopic that they were not visible to tiny
the naked eye.
a metal that is made by mixing two or
alloys n. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.
more metals
Optical illusions are tricks that make us
optical adj. of the eye or the sense of sight perceive something differently than it
actually exists.

electron n. a part of the atom with a negative charge Electrons spin around outside the nucleus.

In the hospital, a specimen is usually taken

a sample of a substance or material for
specimen n. from the blood or urine for further
examination or study
examination.

He used his magnifying glass in the

magnifying adj. to increase the apparent size of
garden to examine the microscopic insects.

Magnification of the microscopic insects

the process of enlarging the size of
magnifications n. allowed him to see the intricate details of
something
the body.

Microscope objectives are typically

designed to be parfocal, which means that
the lens nearest to the object observed,
objective n. when one changes from one lens to
as in a microscope or telescope
another on a microscope, the sample stays
in focus.
the lens constituting the eyepiece of an The ocular is the lenses that is closest to
ocular n. eyepiece
optical instrument the eye.
We mounted the children's drawings on
mounted v. to place or fix bright colored paper and then placed fasten
them on the walls.
In order to get a better view of the White
to turn around or cause to turn around a
rotates v. House, we had to rotate the eye piece of revolve
center point or axis
the telescope.
To make sure the bookcase did not fall
aligned v. to bring into agreement forward, we had to align one of the sides adjust
against the wall.

an instrument with two eyepieces

through which a pair of photographs of A stereoscope allows a double-image of
stereoscope n. the same scene or subject, taken at the same picture to appear to be one
slightly different angles, are viewed side three-dimensional photograph.
by side

In order to view a three-dimensional

three-dimensional adj. having height, width, and depth
movie, you need to wear special glasses.

The solution was evasive because there

variations n. the act, process, or result of changing
were many variations of the problem.
There was tremendous effort by the
tremendous adj. very great in amount or level community after the neighborhood was huge
devastated by the fire.
He decided to purchase the most
the ability to show things clearly and with
resolution n. expensive television because it offered the
a lot of detail
highest resolution.
She has a very photographic memory; she
photographic adj. related to photography was able to describe the scene in great
detail.
Scanning the book before you read will
scanning v. to glance at or over or read hastily give you a general idea of what the book
will be about.
Unit 8

a medicine or chemical that can destroy

I had to take an antibiotic for my ear
antibiotic n. harmful bacteria in the body or limit their
infection.
growth
Many people are not aware of the
a very small living thing, especially one
microbes n. microbes that are living in the kitchen germ
which causes disease
sponge.

Chicken pox is highly contagious; you need

chicken pox n. an acute, contagious viral disease
to stay indoors if you have this disease.

He had a viral eye infection and could not

viral adj. or caused by a virus
go out doors for two weeks.
He was chosen through a very selectively
selectively adv. making a selection
detailed process.
fatal adj. causes death Taking the wrong drugs can be fatal.
We can not eat the bread because there is
mold n. a fungus that grows on materials
mold growing on it.
invasion of the blood by toxic matter or There are some foods that can cause
blood poisoning n.
microorganisms blood poisoning in pregnant women.
the amount of medicine that you should It is ver y important that you take the
dosage n.
take at one time correct dosage of the medicine.
John was not able to leave the hospital
infectious adj. able to pass a disease to a person because he was considered to be very
infectious.
The family had to leave their home
mold-infested adj. filled with mold because the mold-infested building was
causing their child to be very sick.

There are good bacteria and bad bacteria;

pathogenic adj. capable of producing disease
bad bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria.

The cell membrane plays an important

membrane n. the outer covering of a cell role in protecting a cell and keeping things
functioning.
They had to remove the little boy from the
disrupting v. to throw into confusion or disorder classroom because his behavior was very
disrupting.
very harmful and able to cause illness or Not all mushrooms are edible; some are
poisonous adj.
death very poisonous.

nucleic acids n. a type of acid that exists in all living cells DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.

The microbial organisms were living on the

microbial adj. having the quality of a microbe
dog.
Chemotherapy is effective in treating
an unpleasant effect of a drug that
side effects n. cancer, but the side effects are what gets
happens in addition to the main effect
the people very sick.
There were no complications from the
something which makes a situation more
complications n. surgery, so he was able to go home in two
difficult
days.

Many companies are dumping toxic wastes

toxic adj. poisonous
into the ocean which is killing the fish.
Unit 9

relating to a time before history was Men were barbaric during prehistoric
prehistoric adj.
recorded through pictures or writing times.
The baby was crying uncontrollable, and
to cause someone who is angry or upset
pacify v. the only way to pacify her was to give her soothe
to be calm and satisfied
a warm bottle of milk.

a set actions performed regularly, The groom kissing the bride is a ritual that
rituals n. established ways
especially as part of a ceremony is part of the American wedding ceremony.

the process of cutting apart piece by Many high school biology students look
dissection n.
piece forward to the dissection of the frog.

After dissecting several corpses, she

corpses n. a dead body decided to drop out of medical school; it a cadaver
was too much stress for her.
After the recent bombing, many
restrictions n. something that limits limitation
restrictions were placed on passengers.
In biology class, we have been studying
anatomy n. the structure of a living thing
the anatomy of a leaf.

Doctors need all their surgical instruments

surgical adj. related to surgery
in order to perform successful surgeries.

a disease that spreads quickly among Many researchers are trying to find a cure
epidemics n. outbreak
many people for the AIDS epidemic.
With earlier vaccinations, there is more
resistance to or protection against a
immunity n. immunity to chicken pox then there was
specified disease
sixty years ago.
Keeping physically fit and eating well
contracting v. to catch, or become ill with, a disease prevented the surgeon from contracting
the flu.
Immunology is the branch of science that
the study of immunity and its causes and deals with the components of the immune
immunology n.
effects system, immunity from disease, and the
immune response.

An agent that causes loss of sensation Because of his extreme fear, the dentist
anesthetics n.
with or without the loss of consciousness had to use anesthetics to clean his teeth.

When her daughter scraped her knee, the

a chemical used for preventing infection
antiseptics n. mother used an antiseptic to sterilize the
in an injury
wound.
to destroy the harmful bacteria and Periodically disinfecting the home is crucial
disinfecting v. sterilize
viruses for families with small children.
After the allergic reaction to peanut butter,
drastically adv. having a strong or violent effect the family had to drastically alter their severely
eating habits.
The diagnoses of her condition was not
diagnoses v. to identify a disease
favorable; she had cancer.

They had tried various treatments for his

treatments n. healing of a disease remedy
illness, but none proved to be effective.

Chemotherapy is effective in treating

chemotherapy n. the treatment of diseases using chemicals
cancer.
a small device which is put inside Due to his poor heart condition, the
pacemakers n. someone's chest in order to help their doctors placed an artificial pacemaker in
heart beat at the correct speed hopes of improving his health.
Unit 10

All the physicians agreed that surgery was

physicians n. doctors
unavoidable
The children were not able to detect the
detect v. To discover or ascertain the existence poison in the hamburger, which ultimately uncover
led to their death.
The physician had difficulty diagnosing her
to recognize and name the exact
diagnosing v. medical condition because of the unclear
character of a disease or a problem
symptoms.
In medical imaging, doctors create images
imaging adj. making an image of something of the human body or parts of it, to
diagnose or examine a disease.

Electromagnetic radiation is classified into

types according to the frequency of the
wave: these types include, in order of
electromagnetic adj. having magnetic and electrical parts increasing frequency, radio waves,
microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared
radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation,
X-rays and gamma rays.

In cancer patients, radiation therapy is

the process in which energy is emitted as
radiation n. sometimes used concurrently with
particles or waves
chemotherapy.
The two important functions of the skeletal
skeletal adj. like a skeleton system is to provide the shape and form
for our bodies.

Not allowing the passage of x-rays or Metal is a radiopaque substance that will
radiopaque adj.
other radiation appear white on a plain X-ray.

It was difficult to see the shadows through

light-opaque adj. inability of light to pass
the light-opaque windows.
The doctors did not realize the fibroids
a malignant new growth anywhere in the
cancerous adj. were cancerous until they opened up the
body of a person or animal
patient.
The respiratory system is what enables us
respiratory adj. involving the respiratory system
to breathe.
an infectious disease that may affect the Coughing is often the only initial indication
tuberculosis n.
lungs of tuberculosis.

A new study shows that many people are

abnormalities n. the condition of not being normal walking around with brain abnormalities
and may not be aware of them.

radiation n. already defined

Her unhealthy lifestyle had damaged her
reproductive adj. serving to reproduce reproductive system, and she no longer is
able to have children.
a process for producing an image of a In tomography is a device called
tomography n. single plane of an object excluding all tomograph is used to image section by
other planes section.
At a large number of hospitals, physicians
can now order an image of the patient's
resonance n. a sound produced when air is present
brain, using a technique called magnetic
resonance imaging
The positron is the counterpart of the
positron n. a positive electron
electron
the application of ultrasonic waves to An ultrasound of her uterus showed the
ultrasound n.
therapy or diagnostics fetus to be normal.
A cancerous tumor is an example of a
lesions n. an injury; hurt; damage
lesion.
Unit 11 Parts Definition Sentence Synm

Herbalism is traditional medicine based on

herbalism n. herbal medicine
the use of plants and plant extracts.
The New York Botanical Garden is one of
botanical adj. of plants and plant life the oldest and largest botanical gardens in
the world.
Since conventional remedies were not
remedies n. any medicine or treatment that cures effective, they decided to try alternative cure
therapies.

Secondary metabolites are organic

any substance produced by or taking part compounds that are not directly involved
metabolites n.
in metabolism in the normal growth, development or
reproduction of organisms.

an animal that hunts, kills and eats other Coyotes are natural predators of many of
predators n. killer
animals the small creatures.
Household cleaning solutions can be
ingested v. to eat or drink something take in
poisonous if they are ingested.

Archaeologists uncovered the ancient city

someone who studies objects of people
archaeologists n. of Pompeii; the town was in almost the
who lived in the past
same condition as it had been years ago.

Although he complained of all the flu

any feeling of illness or physical or
symptoms, the doctors had to investigate
symptoms n. mental change which is caused by a
further because he didn't get better after
particular disease
four weeks.
respiratory already defined
a picture or symbol which represents a The Egyptian form of writing is known as
hieroglyphs n.
word hieroglyphs.
Many people who do not exercise, sit all
unable to empty your bowels as often as
constipation n. day at work, and lack fiber in their diets
you should
suffer from constipation.

As the violence subsided, the police were

subsided v. to become less strong or extreme able to interview each suspect and get a decrease
better picture of what had happened.

The mother looked all over town for the

a component part, or constituent, of
ingredients n. ingredients to make her daughter's favorite materials
anything
recipe.
a substance that has been that has been Most orange juice sold today is
concentrated adj.
made denser concentrated orange juice.
When the doctors failed to find a cure in
of the method of treating disease by
homeopathic adj. conventional medicine, the family turned
drugs, given in minute doses
to homeopathic remedies.
Naturopathic medicine seeks to improve
a system of treating diseases, largely health and treat disease chiefly by assisting
naturopathic adj.
employing natural agencies the body's innate capacity to recover from
illness and injury.
Many pharmaceutical companies are
pharmaceuticals n. a medicine investing a lot of money for research in an
attempt to find a cure for cancer.

a person or thing that is used as a

The doctor prescribed a tranquilizer so that
tranquilizer n. calming agent in relieving and controlling
his patient can cope with his panic attacks.
various emotional disturbances

dealing with or treating the whole of Rather than treating just the symptom,
holistic adj. something or someone and not just a Eastern medicine takes a holistic approach whole
part in treating disease.
Tests of the candy have shown that it has a
toxicity n. poisonous
high level of toxicity.
Unit 12

an acute infectious disease, esp. of

My brother limps when he walks because
polio n. children, caused by a viral inflammation
he had contracted polio as a young boy.
of the gray matter of the spinal cord

a disease that spreads quickly among Every winter, there is an epidemics of the
epidemics n.
many people flu in most communities.
The disease had left my sister disabled,
disabled adj. not in proper working order and she was no longer able to use her crippled
legs.

to cause a person, animal or part of the The damage to the spinal cord left the
paralyzed v.
body to lose the ability to move or feel patient paralyzed from the neck down.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a very

debilitating adj. to make weak or feeble debilitating disease requiring the patient to
rest for long periods of time.
too small to be seen through a Germs are usually submicroscopic and can
submicroscopic adj.
microscope only be seen through a microscope.
an animal or plant that lives on or in A parasite lives in a close relationship with
parasite n. another animal or plant of a different another organism, its host, and causes it
type and feeds from it harm
The button the little boy had swallowed
excrementally adv. waste matter discharged from the body
came out of his body excrementally.
When the suspect swallowed the evidence,
the solid waste excreted from the body of
fecal adj. the police had to wait until it came out
a human or animal through the bowels
through the fecal matter.
a nerve cell that carries information
The human brain has approximately 100
neurons n. between the brain and other parts of the
billion neurons that carry messages.
body
The evidence was contaminated because
to spoil the purity of something or make
contaminated adj. so many people had touched with their
it poisonous
bare hands.
the science and practice of effecting Children need to be taught good
sanitation n.
healthful and hygienic conditions sanitation habits from an early age.
The best defense against the dangers of
sanitization v. to make sanitary, as by sterilizing bacteria in the kitchen is ensuring good
sanitization methods.
resistance to or protection against a Vaccination provides immunity from many
immunity n.
specified disease debilitating diseases.
Many people refer to catastrophic events
catastrophic adj. a sudden and widespread disaster
as an act of God.
Splinting is the technique to secure the
A rigid device used to prevent motion of part of the body that is injured to decrease
splinting n.
a joint or of the ends of a fractured bone further damage or injury to that part of
the body.

Casting is used for making parts of

to form by pouring metal, plaster, etc., in
complex shape that would be difficult or
casting n. a fluid state into a mold and letting it
uneconomical to make by other methods,
harden
such as cutting from solid material.

The goal of most prisons is rehabilitating

the inmates so that they can blend back
rehabilitating adj. to put back in good condition
into society as normally functioning
citizens.
The government concentrated all their
eradicate v. to get rid of completely remove
efforts to eradicate corruption.
Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets
artificially adv. made by people man-made
have been grown artificially in manure.
Unit 13

Coca eradication is a controversial strategy

to get rid of completely or destroy strongly promoted by the United States
eradication n.
something bad government as part of its "War on Drugs"
to eliminate the cultivation of cocaine.

They were able to capture the bank

surveillance n. the careful watching of a person or place robbers because the robbery was caught
on the surveillance camera.
The actress looked completely different
disfiguring adj. to hurt the appearance or attractiveness oafter she had applied disfiguring make up deform
on.
when something or someone harmful is Containment of crowd violence was the
containment n.
controlled and limited police's main concern.
Through the use of effective vaccines,
eliminated v. get rid of polio has been eliminated from the United remove
States since the 1970s.
the injection of a disease agent into an
The word "Inoculation" refers to the
animal or plant, usually to cause a mild
inoculation n. placement of something to where it will
form of the disease and build up
grow or reproduce,
immunity to it
My mother worked as a milkmaid for over
a girl or woman who milks cows or works
milkmaids n. thirty years; I worked hard so that I could dairy maid
in a dair y
escape this fate.
a set of actions which is the official or We have a new procedure of handling
procedure n.
accepted way of doing something students who cheat on their tests.
Because of the cavity, the tooth was
extracted v. take out something remove
extracted.
When the normal disciplinary methods
severe and sudden or having very
drastic adj. were not effective, the teacher had to take extreme
noticeable effects
drastic measures.
The outbreak of mad cow disease
outbreaks n. a sudden beginning of something
frightened the entire village.
She had severe allergies which required
injections n. an act or instance of injecting
her to take daily injections of medicine.
She had to be very careful after the
susceptible adj. easily influenced by surgery because she was easily susceptible vulnerable
to illnesses.
to destroy completely so that nothing is The bomb had completely annihilated the
annihilated v. abolish
left village.
Surgery was unavoidable; the cancer cells
rampantly adv. in full sway furiously
had spread rampantly.
a sudden strong feeling of anxiety or fear
Panic spread through the entire building
panic n. that prevents reasonable thought and distress
when they heard the plane crash.
action
The little boy instigated his classmates to
instigate v. to urge on incite
rebel against the teacher.
The doctor gave up his prestigious job and
at-risk adj. Being endangered decided to go work in the slums with at-
risk children.
The forest fire could not be contained, and
to check the power, expansion, or
contained v. it ultimately burned down 2,000 homes in
influence of
the nearby vicinity.
After treating the patient, the doctor had
to pass a disease to a person, animal or
infected v. infected the same disease for which he
plant
was treating.
Unit 14

The drug was administered to the patient

administered v. to cause someone to receive something
through his IV.
My son had coined a new word and
coined v. create a phrase wanted to know how to get it into named
dictionaries.
The viral infection was very contagious,
contagious adj. spread by direct or indirect contact thus she was barred from getting on the communicable
plane.
Young mothers are encouraged to breast
a protein produced in the blood which
feed their babies because the antibodies
antibodies n. fights diseases by attacking and killing
found in breast milk protect newborn
harmful bacteria
babies against infection.
a person or thing that performs an action We had to contact the agent to find out
agents n. representative
or brings about a certain result what happened to our luggage.
to use drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a The doctor treated the wound by first
treated v. healed
person of a disease or heal an injury washing away the dirt and blood.

a part which combines with other parts to There are so many strands to the story
strands n.
form a whole story, subject or situation that it is difficult to figure out the ending.

to cause something to be no longer After the war, many firearm factories were
deactivated v.
active or effective deactivated.
any small organism which can cause A pathogen is a biological agent that
pathogens n.
disease causes disease or illness to its host.
A substance that has been treated to Toxoids are used in vaccines as they induce
destroy its toxic properties but retains the an immune response to the original toxin
toxoids n.
capacity to stimulate production of or increase the response to another
antitoxins antigen.

In order to increase graduation rates, the

consequentially adv. of consequence or importance school consequentially has implemented a
rigorous academic program.

After the death of her daughter, she

instituted v. to set up instituted a scholarship fund for aspiring establish
writers in memory of her daughter.

There is much debate around the ethics of

ethics n. a system of moral standards or values
human cloning.
The World Health Organization's Global
the action of taking the first step or
School Health Initiative seeks to strengthen
initiative n. move; responsibility for beginning or
health educational the local, national,
originating
regional and global levels.
Since the CEO is very vulnerable to
vulnerable adj. that can be wounded or physically injured criticisms of any kind, the employees never susceptible
share their opinion.
The oval office is inaccessible to the
inaccessible adj. impossible to reach or enter general public; you can only visit when unreachable
you are invited by the president.
The seriousness of the situation had been
to make something seem larger, more
exaggerated v. exaggerated and did not require 20 fire overstated
important, better or worse than it really is
trucks.
The mortality of children from the
mortality n. the death rate from a particular disease outbreak of the disease surpassed that of death
previous years.
Several programs were implemented in
a plan or procedure for dealing with
programs n. order to deal with the influx of new
some matter
immigrants.
having a negative or harmful effect on The benefits of the drug out weighed the
adverse adj. unfavorable
something adverse effects.
Unit 15

She had to have surgery to remove cysts;

surgery n. an operation to treat disease the doctors were worried that they could
be cancerous.

My computer continues to malfunction

malfunctions v. to fail to function as it should break down
despite the fact it is only two weeks old.

Operating the machine effectively proved

operating v. to work, perform, or function to be a challenge for the soldier due to his
lack of experience.
The surgical team had to make sure all
a tool used for delicate work or for
instruments n. their instruments were in place before they tools
scientific or artistic purposes
could perform the surgery.
She was given six weeks to recover
invasive adj. tending to spread into healthy tissue because of the invasive nature of the obtrusive
surgery.
It is crucial that all patients discuss their
anesthesiologist n. a doctors who administers anesthetics medical conditions with their
anesthesiologist prior to surger y.
It is not healthy for children to inhale
inhale v. to draw air into the lungs take in
smoke from cigarettes.
The woman took an overdose of her
overdose n. An excessive dose medication which caused her condition to
worsen.
Due to her extreme fear of dentists, the
An agent that causes loss of sensation
anesthetics n. doctor gave her an anesthetics before he
with or without the loss of consciousness
cleaned her teeth.

After watching the movie, I had an impulse

impulses n. driving forward with sudden force drive
to suddenly run away to a secluded island.

preventing infection, decay by inhibiting She used an antiseptic pad to clean the
antiseptics adj.
the action of microorganisms infected area before applying an ointment.

The infection had spread to all over her

infection n. the act of causing to become diseased
body; Surgery was her only option.
a poisonous compound used as a
carbolic acid n. Injecting carbolilc acid can cause death.
disinfectant and antiseptic
All instruments used in surgery must be
sterile adj. free from living germs clean
sterile.
The doctor had to make several incisions
incisions n. a cut into a body tissue or organ
during surgery.

surgery using a flexible instrument that is Because her fibroids had grown too big in
laparoscopic adj. passed through a small incision in the her uterus, laparoscopic surgery was not
abdominal wall perform minor surgery an option.

the part of the body of a mammal The doctor an incision in her abdomen
abdomen n. belly
between the thorax and the pelvis during her c-section.
He had a cramp in his pelvic area, and he
pelvic n. of or near the pelvis had to be taken to the hospital
immediately.
They inflated the air mattress only to find
inflated adj. puffed out swollen
out that it had a hole in it.
In order to minimize the negative effects
minimizes v. to reduce to a minimum of television, all the shows the children lessen
watch are monitored.
Unit 16

When the enemy finished ravaging the

ravaging v. to cause great damage to something
village, it lay in ruins.
something harmful that is increasing
If the present trend continue unchecked,
unchecked adj. without any limits or attempts to prevent unrestrained
the disease will devastate the entire town.
it
Mad Cow Disease was attributed to the
able to be given from one person to
communicable adj. communicable disease that was now contagious
another
ravaging the country.
The devastating news caused her mother
devastating adj. causing a lot of damage or destruction
to have a heart attack.

A particular strain of bacteria caused the

strain n. a particular type or quality
outbreak of eye disease in the school.

Physical and mental abuse is very

existing very commonly or happening
prevalent adj. prevalent in homes where the parents are widespread
frequently
addicted to drugs.
She acquired the building after the death
acquired v. to obtain something
of her husband.
Pregnant woman often suffer from iron
deficiency n. lack of what is needed lacking
deficiency.
a number of symptoms occurring Down's Syndrome is a genetic condition in
syndrome n. together and characterizing a specific which a person is born with lower than
disease or condition average mental ability.

a condition in which the ability of the An immunodeficiency disorder may be

immunodeficiency n. immune system to produce antibodies is present at birth or may develop later in
impaired life, often as a result of another disorder.

The flood was detrimental to the farmers

detrimental adj. causing harm that were counting on their crop for
sur vival.
of or pertaining to the blood vessels of The most commonly known
cerebrovascular adj.
the brain cerebrovascular disease is stroke.
a sudden change in the blood supply to
a part of the brain, which can cause a The stroke that her mother had last year
stroke n.
loss of the ability to move particular parts has impaired her mother's ability to drive.
of the body
The flexible tubular canals through which The blood vessels transport blood
blood vessels n.
blood circulates in the body throughout the body.
She often has big bruises because her
clot n. an almost solid lump
body is not able to clot the blood.
Since radiation can cause mutations,
the way in which genes change and
mutation n. pregnant women are discouraged from
produce permanent differences
taking x-rays.

describes a disease or a diseased growth Her tumor turned out to be malignant,

malignant adj. that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and the doctor only gave her six months
and lead to death to live.

Blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular

cardiovascular adj. relating to the heart
system.
a disease in which the body cannot Diabetes is occurring more often in
diabetes n.
control the level of sugar in the blood children who are obese.
The introduction of fast foods is the
obesity n. being very fat leading cause of obesity in developing overweight
countries.
Unit 17

founded v. to set up The university was founded in 1922. to establish

The event was held to promote world
promote v. to further the popularity encourage
peace.
The bank took a risk and chartered a
chartered v. to establish a local branch or chapter start
branch in Africa.

The constitution of the United States

constitution n. a decree, regulation, or custom
grants freedom of religion for its people.

something which you plan to do or After she was elected to the presidency,
objectives n. goal
achieve her main objective was to stay in power.

The funding for the school building project

money given by a government or
funding n. was not sufficient, so project had to be money
organization for an event or activity
halted.

persons employed in any work, The personnel at his company are highly
personnel n. employee
enterprise, ser vice, establishment trained; they all have a doctorate degree.

to support a person, organization or Our company sponsors a run every year to

sponsors v. supporters
activity support breast cancer.
a formal meeting of a number of people The doctor presented his new research
conferences n. event
for discussion or consultation ideas at several medical conferences.
to make someone more likely to do My teacher always encourages me to do
encourages v.
something my best.

The parole officer monitors his every move;

monitors v. to check the performance of regulate
one bad decision and he goes back to jail.

The war damaged the country's

infrastructure n. a substructure or underlying foundation
infrastructure.
Since its inception, the university has been
the establishment of an organization or
inception n. the forerunner in producing highly trained beginning
official activity
engineers.
an organization that offers a particular The social service agencies offer aide to
agencies n.
kind of assistance hurricane victims.

to give credit to or deserved The actor was credited with starting a

credited v.
commendation for movement in promoting foreign adoption.

Eradication of polio was possible with the

eradication n. to get rid of; wipe out destroy
discovery of a vaccine.
The northern hemisphere lies on the north
hemisphere n. half of a sphere, especially the Earth
side of the equator.
She had several afflictions which prevented
afflictions n. something that makes you suffer her from being able to participate disease
classroom activities.
The decorations are distinctive based on
geographic adj. of a particular location
geographic regions.
something needing great mental or She is a very motivated and intelligent
challenges n. physical effort in order to be done person and she will rise to the challenges hardships
successfully of her new job.
Unit 18

With the population living longer, the sales

pharmaceutical n. a medicine of pharmaceuticals related to geriatrics is drugs
anticipated to rise 50%.
to make something bad such as pain or The drugs did not alleviate her pain; in
alleviate v. make better
problems less severe fact, it made them worse.
The increase in sales was beneficial to the
beneficial adj. producing benefits company, who was on the verge of advantageous
bankruptcy.
to make different in details but not in When they edited the movie, they had
alter v. modify
substance altered the writer's original theme.
My uncle entered the field of
the study of the preparation, qualities,
pharmacology n. pharmacology because he liked to do
and uses of drugs
research.
complete and including everything that is The company offered comprehensive
comprehensive adj. complete
necessary training for all those that are hired.
the blood flowing through the circulatory It was too late to save the girl; the poison
bloodstream n.
system of a body had entered her bloodstream.
Hazardous and toxic substances are
material with particular physical defined as those chemicals present in the
substances n.
characteristics workplace which are capable of causing
harm.
any chemical substances that is able to
She was on antibiotics for two weeks
antibiotics n. inhibit the growth of or to destroy medicine
before her symptoms started to get better.
bacteria
The neighbors barged into the house,
disrupting v. to interrupt the orderly course of disturb
disrupting the family's quiet dinner.

destroying or inhibiting the growth of The doctor prescribed an antifungal cream

antifungals n.
fungi for the fungi that was growing on her toe.

The new cleaning solution promises to

eliminates v. get rid of remove
eliminate all household odors.
My friend suffers from a blood clotting
a substance that prevents the clotting of
anticoagulants n. disease for which she takes an
blood
anticoagulant medicine.
a hormone in the body which controls She has to have daily insulin injections for
insulin n.
the amount of sugar in the blood her diabetes.
Because of her love for people and
the prevention and treatment of illness or
healthcare n. medicine, she decided to enter the
injury
healthcare profession.
The professionals at the hospital were very
professionals n. a person practicing a profession friendly, knowledgeable, and passionate expert
about their work.
When you have diabetes, it is important
metabolizes v. to change by or subject to metabolism that you understand how your body
metabolizes sugar.

to make a word or phrase shorter by Daniel doesn't like his name, so he goes
abbreviated v. shorten
using only the first letters of each word by Dan, the abbreviated version of Daniel.

The benefits of the new project are

drawbacks n. the negative part of a situation apparent, but we also need to consider disadvantage
any drawbacks.
Given his risk-taking nature, he likes to
undiscovered v. not discovered yet
explore undiscovered islands.
Unit 19

My friend was burdened by the fact that

burden v. to weigh down she now had to care for her sister's five bother
children.

a condition or situation which causes Athletes who are not physically fit have
disadvantages n. negatives
problems many disadvantages during a tournament.

The advantages outweighed the

advantages n. a more favorable position disadvantages, so they decided to go positives
ahead with the surgery.
Because she is a low income, single
subsidized v. to pay part of the cost of something mother, the government subsidizes her assist
rent.

coverage by contract in which one party The cost of health insurance is sky
insurance n. agrees to reimburse another for loss that rocketing, making it unaffordable for most
occurs under the terms of the contract people.

After ten months of physically therapy, his

considerably adv. worth considering ability to walk was considerably much noteworthy
better.
During Christmas, citizens are urged to
contribute v. to give something
contribute something for the needy.
A significant portion of his salary goes to
portion n. a part or share of something larger part
charity.
The company went out of business
exploitation n. use for profit because of their exploitation of minors in
their factories abroad.

She grew up in an impoverished family

impoverished adj. very poor underprivileged
and had never used utensils while eating.

The universal healthcare proposal was

universal adj. existing everywhere rejected because it lacked credible
evidence that it would be effective.
She lived in a government-funded housing
government-funded adj. receiving money from the government
project.
Education is compulsory in the United
compulsory adj. that must be done required
States until the 12th grade.

With the support of the government, the

exclusive control of a commodity or
monopoly n. company had a monopoly on the
service
telecommunications industry for 50 years.

The parents started to reduce their

not needing help or support from other
self-reliance n. daughter's allowance in order to teach self-
people
reliance to their 40 year old daughter.

The professionals knew what they were

professionals n. a person practicing a profession
doing; they didn’t waste any time.
when someone is trying to win
With the current recession, competition for
competition n. something or be more successful than contest
jobs is intense.
someone else
a mixture obtained when two or more Hot chocolate and a good book is a
combination n. mixture
things are combined perfect combination on a rainy day.
This neighborhood is predominantly
predominantly adv. mostly comprised of people who moved here mainly
during the 1940s.
The rich father refused to finance any of
to provide the money needed for
finance v. his son's adventures since all proved to be bankroll
something to happen
unsuccessful.
Unit 20

an arrangement of the chemical elements

Every student that studies chemistry has to
periodic table n. according to their atomic numbers, to
become familiar with the periodic table.
exhibit the periodic law
an element is a substance that is made
elements n. As of 2006, scientist know of 117 elements.
entirely from one type of atom
a type of elementary particle which has a The number of protons in an atom
protons n. positive electrical charge and is found in determines the atomic number of a
the nucleus of all atoms chemical element.
The positively charged particle of an
positively adv. having a positive charge
element is called the proton.
My phone went dead during a very
to put electricity into an electrical device
charged adj. important conversation because the
such as a battery
battery was not charged.
The nucleus of an atom is usually made up
nucleus n. the central part of an atom
of protons and neutrons.
You can figure out the number of neutrons
a part of an atom that has no electrical
neutrons n. by subtracting the atomic number from
charge
the mass number.
an extremely small piece of matter with a An element has the same number of
electrons n.
negative electrical charge protons as electrons.
The negatively charged particle of an
negatively adv. having a negative charge
element is called the electron.
one of the most simple parts of all
The atom is the smallest indivisible particle
particles n. matter, such as an electron, a proton or a
of matter.
neutron
to move or cause something to move
revolve v. The Earth revolves around the sun. turn
round a central point or line
A shell can be any seven energy levels on
a group of nucleons of approximately the
shell n. which an electron may exist within an
same energy
atom.
The first and second prizes went to Tom
respectively adv. in regard to each of two or more
and Jerry, respectively.
As part of his physical therapy, he was
horizontally adv. parallel to the ground required to lie horizontally for 20 hours a
day.
The elements on a periodic chart that are
column n. a vertical row or list in the same column have the same
number of electrons.
The vertical blinds made the house look
vertical adj. straight up or down
bigger.
An element has both physical and
properties n. any trait or attribute proper to a thing characteristic
chemical properties.
Most dentists recommend that you get
a period between two events or times, or
intervals n. your teeth cleaned at regular intervals--
the space between two points
usually every six months.

There are six noble gases on the periodic

noble adj. chemically noncreative
table; they rarely react with other elements.

a form of an atom which has a different

atomic weight from other forms of the An isotope of hydrogen called deuterium
isotopes n.
same atom but the same chemical has one neutron.
structure
Unit 21

universal Already defined

A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid,
that dissolves or can dissolve another
solvent adj. liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a
substance
solution.
It is easier to dissolve salt in hot water
dissolve v. to make or become liquid; liquefy; melt
than it is in cold water.
the measured amount of heat in a place The normal human body temperature is
temperature n.
or in the body 98.6 Fahrenheit.
Liquid water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius
liquid n. readily flowing fluid
and becomes ice.
to cause a liquid to change to a gas, Plants keep cool during the summer by
evaporates v.
especially by heating evaporating water from their leaves.
When Michael Jackson had his concert in
the total amount that can be contained
capacity n. Korea, the stadium was filled to its volume
or produced
capacity.

the elastic like force existing in the You can see the effects of surface tension
surface tension n.
surface of a body, when a child jumps into a swimming pool.

the simplest unit of a chemical substance, A water molecule is made up of two atoms
molecules n.
usually a group of two or more atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Kimchee has a characteristic odor that

characteristic adj. of or constituting the special character distinctive
offends many westerners.
Many schools are teaching their students
environmental adj. relating to the environment to become more aware of environmental
issues.
Chemical substances are classified in terms
compositions n. a mixture of several parts or ingredients of their structure, phase as well as their
chemical compositions.
Evaporation is the process in which water
to cause a liquid to change to a gas,
evaporation n. is transformed from its liquid state to
especially by heating
vapor state.
to turn something from a solid or liquid Water normally vaporizes at 212 degrees
vaporizes v.
state into gas Fahrenheit.
The art program hopes to bring out the
present but needing particular conditions
latent adj. latent artistic talents in the children that dormant
to become active
they may not realize they have.
a group of large machines or the parts of While working at the factory, he was
machinery n.
a machine which make it work injured by the machiner y.
Her extraordinarily beauty captivated every
extraordinarily adv. very unusually exceptional
man that entered her office.
The absolute zero temperature is
absolute zero n. the lowest temperature possible
-273.15°C.
any substance which plants or animals The baby receives all his nutrients from the
nutrients n.
need in order to live and grow mothers breast milk.

Capillarity is when the surface of a liquid

contacts a solid is elevated or depressed,
capillarity n. the state of being of or like a hair because of the relative attraction of the
molecules of the liquid for each other and
for those of the solid.
Unit 22

a greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell,

She developed an allergic reaction to the
chlorine n. which is added to water in order to kill
chlorine in the swimming pool.
organisms that might cause infection

Compounds are two or more elements

compounds n. to make by combining parts or elements
that are bonded together.
If one element in a reaction contributes
oxygen, extracts hydrogen, or extracts
oxidizing adj. to remove electrons from
electrons, it is said to be an oxidizing
agent.
very harmful and able to cause illness or When she ate the berry, she was unaware
poisonous adj. deadly
death that it was poisonous.
a soft silver-white chemical element that Too much sodium is linked to high blood
sodium n.
is found in salt pressure and heart disease.

a chemical compound that is a mixture of Sodium chloride is the chemical name for
chlorides n.
chlorine and another substance table salt.

With most households having two or three

to reach a stage where no more can be
saturation point n. cars, the demand for automobiles will
added, contained or accepted
reach a saturation point in about 30 years.

When sugar dissolves and spreads

a liquid into which a solid has been
solution n. throughout the water in a glass, it is
mixed and has dissolved
considered a solution.

Electrolysis involves separating chemically

the use of an electric current to cause
electrolysis n. bonded elements and compounds by
chemical change in a liquid
passing an electric current through them.

Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium

a chemical compound containing the
hydroxide n. hydroxide are strong bases and are very
hydroxyl group
soluble in water.
Disinfection is an important step in
Disinfection n. to destroy the harmful bacteria sterilization
ensuring that water is safe to drink.
to pass chlorine into water or sewage for Chlorination will remove impurities from
chlorination n.
purification your drinking water.
something that is produced as a result of Illness is a by-product of overcrowded
by-products n.
making something else living conditions.
describes a substance which causes The government found the drinking water
carcinogenic adj.
cancer to be carcinogenic.
a chemical used for preventing infection Antiseptics are used to clean the area
antiseptics n.
in an injury before blood is withdrawn.

Spraying insecticides around the perimeter

a chemical substance made and used for
insecticides n. of the house prevented the spiders from
killing insects
finding their way inside the house.

Hydrochloric acid must be handled with

hydrochloric acid n. an acid containing hydrogen and chlorine precautions because it is a highly corrosive
liquid; it can damage the skin and the eye.

Petroleum is considered to be a fossil fuel

a dark thick oil obtained from under the because it was formed from the remains of
petroleum n.
ground tiny sea plants and animals that died
millions of years ago.
Natural gut tennis strings offer more
elasticity n. the quality of being flexible
elasticity than synthetic strings.

describes products that are made from Synthetic tennis strings are more
synthetic adj.
artificial substances affordable than natural gut tennis strings.
Unit 23

Malleability occurs as a result of the

describes a substance that is easily
malleability n. specific type of bond found in metals;
changed into a new shape
Lead and tin are malleable metals.
that can be stretched, drawn, or Gold and aluminum are metals that have
ductility n.
hammered thin without breaking high ductility.

conductivity n. to allow electricity or heat to go through Aluminum has a high level of conductivity.

lustrous adj. very shiny The new girl in class has very lustrous hair.

My sister is a homebody; it's a rarity to see

rarity n. the quality or condition of being rare uncommon
her at an all night party.
During the economic crises of 1997, the
monetary adj. relating to the money in a country International Monetar y Fund had to bail
Korea out.
the money that is used in a particular The Euro is the currency of thirteen
currency n. money
country at a particular time European countries.
a substance or product that can be The country's most valuable commodities
commodities n.
traded, bought or sold include gold and tin.
God is a precious metal thus gold is very
precious metal n. a metal which is valuable and usually rare
expensive.
Her Christmas ornaments were all made of
ornaments n. anything serving to adorn decorations
glass.
When they opened up the safe of the king,
bullion n. gold or silver in the form of bars
the found boxes of gold bullion.

describes metal or rock that is in a liquid Glassblowing is the art of using molten
molten adj.
state because of great heat glass and forming it into different shapes.

Transportable bathrooms are usually called

transportable adj. to carry from one place to another
port-a-potty.
There is a big movement for teenagers
purity n. the quality or condition of being pure where they vow abstinence; they wear
purity rings to show their commitment.

a place where money is coined by The United States Mint operates six
Mint n.
authority of the government facilities in different parts of the country.

In troy weight, there are 12 ounces to a

troy adj. expressed or computed in troy weight
pound versus 16 ounces to a pound.
Her diamond ring came with certification
certification n. a certified statement declaration
of its quality and value.
His nationality was never an issue until he
nationality n. national quality or character race
ran for the office of presidency.
The desirability of wanting a new car grew
desirability n. worth having or wanting in his heart as he saw his friends all
acquiring new automobiles.
occurring or done together or at the The boy was ver y gifted and was able to
simultaneously adv.
same time learn five languages simultaneously.
Unit 24

An underground accumulation of She didn't realize there was a reservoir

reservoirs n.
petroleum or natural gas running under her house.
a powder, lotion, lipstick, rouge, or other
She is very concerned about her beauty
cosmetics n. preparation for beautifying the face, skin, make up
and spends a lot of money on cosmetics.
hair, nails, etc
When crude oil is refined, the lighter
fractions n. A small part fractions (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.)
are removed by distillation.
Her new cosmetics had a high
concentrations n. strength or density, as of a solution concentration of oil in it and made her
skin sag.
After the flood, the citizens were warned
impurities n. the quality or state of being impure not to drink the water because of
impurities.
The refiner y in town was fined for not
An industrial plant for purifying a crude
refineries n. handling its waste in an appropriate
substance, such as petroleum or sugar
manner.

After working on his invention for twenty

marketable adj. that can be sold; fit for sale
years, he finally felt that it was marketable.

To make a distillate, wine is heated in an

distillate n. liquid obtained by distilling enclosed copper pot until it boils and the
alcohol evaporates.
Residual oil is oil that does not move when
residual n. left over after part or most is taken away fluids are flowed through the rock in remaining
normal conditions.

a machine that converts one form of When there was a blackout, we had to use
generator n.
energy into another the back up generator to keep the lights.

After several applications of the ointment,

application n. anything applied
the wound finally healed.

a chemical derived ultimately from Ammonia is a petrochemical and it is used

petrochemicals n.
petroleum or natural gas to produce a variety of cleaning solutions.

A substance, such as grease or oil, that

When the ring would not come off his
lubricants n. reduces friction when applied as a surface
finger, they used a lubricant to get it off.
coating to moving parts.
Famine is no longer a problem for many
industrialized adj. establish or develop industrialism in
industrialized nations.
When James woke up from his nap, he was
enormous adj. greatly exceeding the common size surprised to find an enormous teddy bear huge
sitting on his bed.
When she lost her wedding ring, she was
irreplaceable adj. not replaceable priceless
deeply sadden; it was irreplaceable.
When the economy improved the
consumption n. a consuming or being consumed consumption of beef by consumers also
increased.
Although the concept of solar-heating
to heat (a building) by means of solar have been around for thousands of years,
solar-heated adj.
energy solar-heated homes have recently come
into vogue.
Many automobile makers are turning out
hydrogen-powered adj. Using hydrogen for fuel hydrogen-powered cars in hopes of
becoming less dependent on fossil fuel.

Her grandmother's house was identified by

preservation n. to keep alive or in existence the historical preservation committee as a
building that the president was born in.
Unit 25

a heavy, silver-white metallic chemical

Mercury n. Mercury is used in thermometers.
element,
Cinnabar is generally found in a massive,
mercuric sulfide, HgS, a heavy, bright-red
cinnabar n. granular or earthy form and is bright
mineral, the principal ore of mercury
scarlet to brick-red in color.

Due to her various ailments, it was difficult

isolate v to set apart from others
to isolate the cause of her sickness.

When her husband was deployed to the

prolonged v. to lengthen or extend in time or space war zone, she tried to prolong her
goodbye as long as possible.
Despite the fact the fire had ravaged their
maintained v. To keep up or carry on home, she maintained a sense of normalcy continue
for her children.
a fatty substance applied to the skin for Her mother made a special ointment that
ointments n.
healing healed all types of ailments.
Silver amalgam that was used as a dental
any alloy of mercury with another metal
amalgams n. filling is no longer widely prescribed by
or other metals
dentists.
A mixture or solid solution of two or
alloys n. Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper.
more metals
someone who practices the magical
power or process of transmuting a Alchemists were popular during the middle
alchemists n.
common substance, usually of little value, ages.
into a substance of great value
Carroting is no longer used in the process
carroting n. a process of separating fur from the hide.
of making felt hats.
Students are banned from bringing fire
banned v. to prohibit forbid
arms to school.
a hollow place in a tooth caused by Many cities put fluoride in their water to
cavities n.
decay prevent cavities in children.
a prolonged public dispute, debate, or Major controversy regarding his service
controversy n. contention; disputation concerning a records surrounds the new presidential strife
matter of opinion candidate.
capable of injuring or killing by or as by There are many forms of poisonous
poisonous adj. toxic
poison mushrooms.
When the baby failed to thrive, ensuring
concern n. to have a relation to or bearing on her growth became the mother's major business
concern.
Her poor study habits proved to be
detrimental adj. causing damage detrimental in her ability to get into a harmful
good college.
He prohibited his son from going to the
prohibit v forbid by law or by an order
party because of his poor grades.

Many scientists attempted to study the

an essential or distinctive attribute or
properties n. properties of his mind; they were curious
quality of a thing
to know what made him so intelligent.

The children were prohibited from playing

liabilities n. something disadvantageous on the construction site because of the
liabilities the owners can face.

Some studies have shown fluorescent

fluorescent adj. possessing the property of fluorescence
lights can increase intelligence.
Unit 26

Her husband does not like to eat fish

odor n. an unpleasant smell because he doesn't want fish odor in the bad smell
house.
Atoms that are more electronegative
electronegative adj. having a negative electrical charge
attract more electrons.
The Statue of Liberty is green in color
combines with oxygen to form another
oxidize v. because the copper has naturally been
substance
oxidized.
reacting to events or situations rather The child's parents tend to be reactive
reactive adj. than acting first to change or prevent rather than proactive in responding to the
something child's misbehavior.
His gambling addition cost him
to cause someone to lose or destroy
cost v everything--his family, his career, and his
something valuable
status.
to get or obtain something from The mother derived great pleasure from
derived v obtain
something else watching her twins play.
The toys were recalled because it had been
deadly adv. causing death or likely to cause death destructive
painted with a deadly substance.
After the hurricane, the purification of the
purification n. to cause to make pure
water system began immediately.

Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation

ultraviolet radiation n. radiation lying in the ultraviolet range
from the sun can cause skin cancer.

give off v to put forth Roses give off a very strong fragrance. emit
The electron microscope has a higher
microscope that uses electrons as a way
magnification than an optical microscope
electron microscopes n. to illuminate and create an image of a
which allows for greater obser vation of
specimen
small objects.
Until lead was found to be a harmful
pollutants n. a substance that pollutes
pollutant, it was used in paint.
Refrigerants are used in Air Conditioners
refrigerants adj. cooling or freezing something
and refrigerators.
If your home has inadequate insulation,
insulation n. any material used to insulate your energy bill can be much higher in the
winter and summer.

San Francisco is one of the most beautiful

downside n. the disadvantage of a situation cities in the world; the downside, however, disadvantage
is that it is very expensive to live there.

a layer of air above the Earth, which

The ozone layer protects humans from the
contains a lot of ozone, and which
ozone layer n. sun's harmful radiation, however, human
prevents harmful ultraviolet light from the
activity has damaged this layer.
sun from reaching the Earth
The Earth's atmosphere protects life on
atmosphere n. the air in any given place
Earth.
Too much sugar in a child's diet can cause
decay v to become gradually damaged
teeth decay.
The school principal conducted a school-
conducted v To direct the course of wide survey to see if they should offer an
after school program.
With the city budget cuts, there have been
incidences n. the rate at which something happens
higher incidences of burglary.
Unit 27

material with particular physical What kind of substance can withstand the
substance n.
characteristics heat of the sun?
existing as the only one or as the sole She always stands out in class; she has a
unique adj. single
example very unique voice.
The circumstances which led to her success
circumstances n. accompanying or surrounding detail conditions
is awe inspiring.
to be or give a typical example of The two novels exemplified the poor
exemplified v example
something circumstances in which he was raised.
Large droplets of rain fall faster than
droplets n. a small drop of liquid
smaller droplets.
She was surprised with the total volume of
the amount of space that is enclosed
volume n. powder in the bottle; the bottle looked
within an object or solid shape
much bigger on the outside.

the attraction between atoms in a A molecule is two or more atoms joined

bonds n.
molecule together through a chemical bond.

Molecules that are cohesively bonded

cohesively adv. well-integrated unified
remain fixed and in a set pattern.
Happiness is relative to your attitude
relative adj. related each to the other
towards life.
The foundation was too weak to uphold
uphold v to keep from falling support
the six ton statue.
In order to grow the bacteria, the
constant adj. staying the same always
temperature must be constant.
Even though a pin is heavier than water,
a balancing of forces or elements in
tension n. the surface tension of water holds up the
opposition
pin.
a very thin piece of material that covers A cell may die because of damage to its
membrane n.
an opening membrane.
Public speaking skills and honesty are
characteristic that someone or something
attribute n. attributes that a presidential candidate a quality
has
must have.
acting in accordance with or resulting My brother is very spontaneous; he never
spontaneous adj. suddenly
from a natural feeling plans out his vacations.

The collision was unavoidable since both

collisions n. coming together with sudden, violent forc
cars were traveling at dangerous speeds.

to cause to increase in size by filling with The balloon inflates when you fill it with
inflates v blow up
air air.

a flash of bright light in the sky which is

The lightning looked scarier in the country
lightning n. produced by electricity moving between
side with no tall buildings to block it.
clouds or from clouds to the ground

of, having the nature of, or in the form of, Jupiter is a gaseous planet and has no
gaseous adj.
gas solid surface.
The father had a very busy schedule and
sporadically adv. happening irregularly not regular
only visited his son sporadically.
Unit 28

It's typically American culture to tip the

Typically adv. in a typical manner mainly
waiters and waitress.
The density of a bowling ball is higher
density n. the quality or condition of being dense
than a basketball.
the temperature at which water becomes The freezing point of water is zero degrees
freezing point n.
ice Celsius.
During our field trip to the volcanoes on
hot liquid rock which comes out of the
lava n. the Big Island, we were able to see the
earth through a volcano
lava flowing.

a large container used for mixing or To make wine, grapes are dumped
vat n.
storing liquid substances together in a vat and allowed to ferment.

In order to check the generality of

generality n. the condition or quality of being general creativeness, a study was conducted with
both girls and boys.

Her survival in the snowstorm depended

survival n. the act, state, or fact of surviving
on her ability to build a snow shelter.

the number of pairs of electrons that an

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms
covalent adj. atom can share with its neighboring
share electrons.
atoms

The forces that hold molecules together

intermolecular adj. existing or occurring between molecules
are generally called intermolecular forces.

He had remarkable capabilities and was

capabilities n. the quality of being capable abilities
soon promoted to the position of CEO.
She had configured her furniture so that
configure v to construct or arrange in a certain way she could watch television from every
room.

He had a very analytical mind and liked to

ordered adj. neatly or conveniently arranged well-organized
conduct business in a very ordered way.

The kinetic energy of an object is the

kinetic adj. of or caused by motion
energy it possesses because of its motion.

When her mother visits, she assumes the

assumes v to take on or put on responsibility of taking care of her grand adopts
children.
unable to move or escape from a place After the gunmen entered the building, the
trapped v caught
or situation customers were trapped inside.
It was relatively easy for her to acquire
acquires v to obtain something profiency in math--both her parents are receive
math professors.
Thermal expansion is when matter to
pertaining to, or caused by heat or
thermal adj. changes in volume due to a change in
temperature
temperature.
to defeat someone by having greater The gunmen were finally overpowered by
overpower v
strength or power the police men.

The rapid expansion of the

when something increases in size,
expansion n. telecommunications industry led the
number or importance
inventors to become wealthy very quickly.

His healthy progressively got worse, and

progressively adv. continuing by successive steps
we finally had to put her in a rest home.
Unit 29

any of a group of plants which produce

citrus n. Oranges and lemons are citrus fruits.
juicy acidic fruits
a sour, colorless, liquid organic acid found Acetic acid is what gives vinegar its sour
acetic acid n.
in vinegar taste and pungent smell.
She used several bright dyes to give her
dyes n. A substance used to color materials
fabric a ver y refreshing feel.
a powder which is turned red by acid and
litmus n. Neutral litmus is purple in color.
blue by alkali
a grey, green or yellow plant-like Lichens can survive in extreme
lichens n. organism that grows especially on rocks, environments; they can live in hot, dry
walls and trees places as well as in wet rain forests.
Yogurt helps the digestion process to
digestion n. when your body digests food
move along smoothly.
The boy, who was allergic to peanut butter,
ingested v to take food into the body had ingested some by accident which swallow
caused his face to swell up.
a substance that dissolves another to
solvent n. Water is a solvent for sugar.
form a solution:
The children had learned to live
free from the influence, control, or
independently adv. independently when their parents were alone
determination of another or others
deported.
When the initial project failed, the team
to develop all the details of a plan for
formulated v formulated a new plan to present to the plan
doing something
CEO.
Automatic coin acceptors were installed on
acceptors n. one who accepts the toll way to alleviate some of the
congestion.
The primary donor of the museum wanted
donor n. a person who donates giver
to remain anonymous.
to put people or things into groups with The books are categorized by the author's
categorize v organize
the same features last name.
The extent of the damage caused by the
extent n. area or length
fire was not known.
used to measure or compare the level of Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales are what
scale n.
something is used to measure temperature.
the basic things that are put together to Reading classic books are the building
building blocks n. foundation
make something exist blocks to a good education.
the making of goods or wares by manual Most cheap toy manufacturing companies
manufacturing n.
labor or by machinery are based in China.
a natural or chemical substance which is
It is important that you purchase the
fertilizers n. spread on the land or given to plants, to
correct fertilizers for your plants.
make plants grow well
a substance that can explode, as The terrorists hid the explosives inside toy
explosives n.
gunpowder dolls.
The majority of the school children were
majority n. the greater part or number mostly
from single parent homes.
Unit 30

any compound that can react with an In chemistry, a base is a substance that
base n.
acid to form a salt can accept protons.
Household bleach is a strong corrosive
corrosive adj. causing damage by chemical action
that can burn or irritate the skin.
expected or obliged to account for He is responsible for alerting the president
responsible adj.
something or to someone of all possible invasions.
pungent adj. describes a very strong smell or taste Vinegar has a very pungent smell. strong
wet, smooth or oily so that it slides easily After the snow fall, the road was very
slippery adj.
or causes something to slide slippery and made it difficult to drive.
The queen liked the texture of silk and
the quality of something that can be
texture n. ordered all her blankets to be made of this
decided by touch
material.
Many students use the words "exchange
that can be put or used in place of each
interchangeably adv. student" and "foreign student"
other
interchangeably.
to destroy the distinctive or active The reaction between acids and bases is
neutralization n.
properties of called neutralization.
I propose that we delay our plans to build
to offer or state a possible plan or action
proposed v the new complex until we have sufficient suggest
for other people to consider
funding.

to see or become aware of something or While walking around the block, I noticed
noticed v observed
someone a strange car parked by the school.

a brief record of something written down

While counting the beads, he noted there
noted n. to assist the memory or for future saw
were very few red ones.
reference
to discover something secret or hidden or
While working in her garden, she
uncovered v remove something covering something found
uncovered an antique statue.
else
It is important to teach children the
fundamentals n. the main or most important rules or part
fundamentals of math.
There were limitations to his ability to raise
limitations n. a limiting or being limited restrictions
his four children alone.
Because the chemical composition of the
solution was unknown, the researchers
composition n. the makeup of a thing or person
were reluctant to mix it with any other
solution.

to announce something publicly or I wore the bright red button that

proclaimed v declare
officially, especially something positive proclaimed my choice for the presidency.

Wisdom and knowledge cannot be

equated v to make equal or equivalent
equated.
Cations have a positive charge because
cation n. a positively charged ion
there are more protons than electrons.
Children can demonstrate our love for our
demonstrate v to make clear show
parents by obeying them.
a way of applying or method of applying Scientific discoveries have many
applications n.
or using applications in everyday life.
Unit 31

There was an abundance of food at the

abundance n. more than enough plentitude
party.
Coal is energy that is mined from the
mined v to dig from the earth
earth.
The sun evaporated the bowl of water that
evaporated v to change a liquid or solid into vapor
was sitting outside.
The chocolate chip cookie tasted awful
flavoring n. something that gives flavor because she forgot to put in vanilla
flavoring.
Refrigeration and freezing are two food
something that is kept alive or in
preservation n. preservation methods that are commonly
existence
used today.
The shell of a turtle protects it from its
shells n. a hard outer covering of an animal
predators.
When you exercise you lose much
electrolytes n. electrically charged substances
electrolytes through your sweat.
During the Industrial Revolution of the
having the nature of or characterized by
industrial adj. 1800s, there was an abundance of new manufacturing
industries
inventions.

With the development of new buildings,

agricultural adj. of farming
the agricultural land is shrinking rapidly.

fertilizers already defined

In a hydrogen atom, there is an
electrostatic adj. of or pertaining to static electricity electrostatic attraction between the proton
and the electron.
the act of attracting or condition of being There was a strong attraction between the
attraction n.
attracted two people.
A lattice is when a positive and negative
an openwork structure of crossed strips
lattice n. ion combine to create an ordered,
or bars of wood or metal
repeating pattern.
The daughter specifically asked for a black
specifically adv of a special or particular kind precisely
and white puppy.
The students mixed the chemical into the
aqueous adj. of, like, or containing water watery
aqueous solution.
The bear was very big and aptly named
aptly adv suitable or right for a particular situation suitably
"Big Bear."
attraction already defined

After his wife left, he assumed the role of

assume v to take on or put on adopt
both mother and father to his children.

Three of her children were biological and

biological adj. pertaining to biology
three were adopted.
There is geological evidence to show that
geological adj. pertaining to geology the last ice age did happen billions of
years ago.
Unit 32

the scientific study of the chemistry of She wanted to be a doctor and decided on
biochemistry n.
living things biochemistry as her major.
The little boy accidently lit a match which
accidentally adv happening by chance
caused his house to burn.
The boy had many food allergies, and his
artificially adv made by human work or art mother does not buy any food that is man-made
artifically flavored.
His theory of life on the sun was disproved
disproved v to prove to be false or in error refute
by scientific evidence.
The children behaved rudely because their
undefined adj. without fixed limits boundaries of appropriate actions had
been undefined.

She waited anxiously for the publication

publication n. something that is published
date of her book to be announced.

furthered adj. additional The trip was canceled until further notice. more

to breakdown complex molecules in

Kimchee ferments faster in warmer
ferment v organic compounds, caused by the
temperature.
influence of a ferment
The church members contributed
contributed v to give or furnish
generously to the hurricane victims.
Basal Metabolic Rate is the number of
metabolic adj. resulting from metabolism calories you would burn if you stayed in
bed all day.
After working on his invention for over 15
breakthrough n. a strikingly important discovery advance
years, he finally had a breakthrough.
We could not figure out who was eating
culprit n. a person guilty of a crime or offense all the cookies; the culprit turned out to be offender
their puppy.
One of the reasons the distant cousins
of characteristics or diseases passed from
hereditary adj. were not allowed to marry was because of
the genes of a parent to a child
the hereditary disease in the family.
Humility and gentleness were two
traits n. a distinguishing quality character traits the teacher was trying to characteristics
teach her children.
We received confirmation the diplomat
confirmation n. something that confirms or proves
was on the plane that had crashed.
She inherited her good looks from her
inherited v to have certain characteristics by heredity
mother.
Genetics played a crucial role in their
genetic adj. of or having to do with genetics
decision not to have any children.
The army's method of encoding was
encoding v to convert information into code inadequate which allowed the enemy to
figure out their plans.

the separation of mixtures into their Police often use chromatography to

chromatography n.
constituents identify drugs in urine and blood samples.

X-ray cr ystallography is the science of

the science dealing with cr ystallization
crystallography n. determining the arrangement of atoms
and the forms and structure of crystals
within a crystal.
Unit 33

The baby monkey failed to thrive because

any substance which plants or animals
nutrients n. he did not receive vital nutrients from its
need in order to live and grow
mother.
The stage of adolescence in which an
A boy can first show signs of puberty
puberty n. individual becomes physiologically adolescence
between the ages of nine and fifteen.
capable of sexual reproduction

One of the greatest factors in the singer's

any of the circumstances or conditions
factors n. decision to perform in Europe was that her
that bring about a result
mother had grown up there.

In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at

substrates n. a substance acted upon the beginning of the process are called
substrates.
intentionally choosing some things and The actress was very selective about the
selective adj. discriminating
not others colors she wore on stage.
Her conversion of faith surprised the entire
conversion n. change in character, form, or function transformation
family.
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a
pathways n. A path series of chemical reactions occurring road
within a cell.
Once the students took the clock apart,
the working parts or arrangement of
mechanisms n. they were able to understand its
parts of a machine
mechanisms.
a proportional part or share of a fixed She worked all night in the factory to meet
quota n. allotment
total amount or quantity the quota for the products.
a substance that retards or stops a In chemistry, inhibitors slow the rate of
inhibitors n.
chemical reaction reaction.

Team work and cooperation were the key

sustaining v To keep in existence maintaining
to sustaining a healthy work environment.

vital adj. necessary to the existence Laughter is vital for a long life. important
The temperature in the house is
regulate v to control something automatically regulated by the automatic control
thermostat.
Albinism is a skin pigmentation disorder
pigmentation n. the natural color of something which causes people to have light skin and
white or pale yellow hair.
secrete v to discharge Some bees secrete poison. give off
The climbers traversed the west side of the
traverse v to pass or move over
mountain.

Being in the same house as the accident

triggers v To set off initiate
triggers too many memories for her.

The process of transcription happens in

transcription n. a transcript
the nucleus of the cell.
initiated v to introduce or start something new I initiated a discussion on today's topic. started
Something that is plaited or twisted as a She was wearing several strands of pearl
strands n.
ropelike length necklaces.
Unit 34

one of several substances such as sugar

She could no longer eat rice; her doctor
Carbohydrates n. or starch, which provide the body with
had put her on low carbohydrate diet.
energy,
The complexity of the project required
complexity n. the state or quality of being complex intricacy
several departments to work together.

Any of several carbohydrates that cannot Monosaccharides are also called simple
monosaccharides n.
be broken down to simpler sugars sugars.

A class of sugars composed of two

disaccharides n. Sucrose, table sugar, is a disaccharides.
glycosidically linked monosaccharides.
Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as
starch and cellulose, consisting of a Polysaccharides are complex
polysaccharides n.
number of monosaccharides joined by carbohydrates.
glycosidic bonds
She had lost the formula for her secret
formula n. a rule in science in science or math
ointment.
a type of sugar which is found in plants,
especially fruit, and which supplies an Glucose is the primar y source of energy
glucose n.
important part of the energy animals for the body's cells.
need
act or process of breathing; inhaling and The lung is a main organ used during
respiration n.
exhaling air respiration.
a crystalline monosaccharide found in Consuming too much fructose at once can
Fructose n. fruit sugar
sweet fruits and in honey be bad for you.
Galactose is less sweet than glucose and
Galactose n. a common monosaccharide found in milk considered a nutritive sweetener because it
has food energy.
She can not eat cheese because she is
dairy adj. a product made with milk
allergic to all dair y products.
the type of sugar that exists naturally in
Sucrose n. Sucrose is table sugar.
most plants that grow on land
Lactose intolerant people can not drink
Lactose n. a type of sugar which is found in milk
milk or eat ice cream.
a reaction between two molecules
A condensation reaction is a chemical
leading to the formation of a larger
condensation n. reaction in which two molecules combine
molecule by eliminating of a simple
to form one single molecule.
molecule such as water

The production of maltose on germinating

maltose n. malt sugar cereals, such as barley, is an important part
of the brewing process.

A disaccharide that is produced from the Cellobiose molecule is derived from the
cellobiose n.
partial hydrolysis of cellulose condensation of two glucose molecules.

After having writer's block for several days,

germinating v to start developing
he felt an idea germinating in his head.

demanding adj. requiring of a lot of time or effort Bob's boss was very demanding. challenging
My brother is allergic to crustaceans; he
any of various types of animal which live
crustaceans n. ate a clam once and developed a rash all
in water and have a hard outer shell
over his body.
any hard, external, supporting structure, Humans have used armors an artificial
exoskeletons n.
as the shell of an oyster exoskeleton.
Unit 35

unique already defined

twisted v to turn, wind or bend Andy twisted the bottle cap to open it.
a piece of equipment consisting of two
Romeo climbed his rope ladder to reach
ladder n. vertical bars or rope joined to each other
Juliet's room.
by a set of horizontal steps

helix n. a spiral Guggenheim Museum is shaped in a helix.

She didn't realize one of the rungs was

rungs n. the horizontal bars on a ladder steps
broken and fell off the ladder.
respectively
Her big nose was a family trait that was
generation n. all the people born around the same time passed down from one generation to the
next.
continued and unbroken existence or The news forecasted tomorrow's weather
continuation n. extension
action to be a continuation of today's.
In order to promote creativity, students are
free-floating adj. lacking an apparent cause allowed to participate in free-floating
experiments.
segments n. section of something Lucy divided into three segments. a part
The teacher gave us instructions to sing in
instruction n. the act of teaching or giving lessons direction
harmony.
the following of one thing after another The ants marched in sequence from oldest
sequence n. steps
in a regular or fixed order to youngest.
to shorten a word or phrase by leaving Because her name was so long, she
abbreviated adj. shortened
out letters abbreviated her name to Ann.
to translate a message in code into Her training in the military allowed her to
deciphered v decode
ordinary, understandable language decipher the enemy's code.
to turn something upside down or inside The judge ordered the jur y to reverse their
reverse v opposite
out decision.

She utilized her time in prison effectively

utilized v to use something in an effective way used
by earning a high school degree.

He submerged himself in the swimming

to place under or cover with water or the
submerged v pool for 10 minutes and broke the world
like
record.
She knew the answer, but she couldn't
Mathematically ad concerned with mathematics
figure out the sequence mathematically.
The disease had affected the entire
Consequentially adv having consequence population, consequentially there were no significantly
doctors to asset in the hospitals.
When the military's communication system
a system in which arbitrarily chosen
shut down, they had to use code so that
code n. words, letters, or symbols are assigned
the enemy would not intercept their
definite meanings
messages.
Unit 36

She is a good tennis player, but she

a way of doing an activity which needs
techniques n. doesn't have the techniques to be a methods
skill
professional.
The host didn't want the family to get lost,
giving a lot of information with many
detailed adj. so she gave a very detailed map to her
details
house.
this process as a method of studying the The teacher's analysis of the student's
analysis n.
nature of something academic skills was inaccurate.
In order to determine the cause of the
specimen n. a sample child's illness, the doctor took a blood
specimen.
A microscope can magnify an object to
magnify v increase the apparent size of make bigger
show the details.

She had the tremendous task of organizing

tremendous adj. very large the company's annual dinner for 500 enormous
people and their families.

The magnification of the insect allowed us

magnification n. the power of magnifying
to see the intricate details.
Setting your camera at a higher resolution
the ability to show things clearly and with
resolution n. will allow you to maker bigger prints of
a lot of detail
your pictures.
The monster was invisible, nonetheless, the
invisible adj. impossible to see
little girl was still terrified of it.
The eye unassisted by an optical
naked eye n. Germs are invisible to the naked eye.
instrument
to record or take a picture of something The tourist captured the entire bank
captured v caught
using a camera robbery on her video camera.
Without resonance we wouldn't have radio,
resonance n. the prolongation of sound by reflection
television or music.

the science that deals with the use of the Spectroscopy pertains to the dispersion of
spectroscopy n.
spectroscope and with spectrum analysis an object's light into its component colors.

When you set your phone to vibrating

vibrate v to set in to-and-fro motion mode and your phone does vibrate, it may oscillate
startle you initially.
The predominant religion in the village is
predominant adj. prominent main
Islam.
Radioisotopic labeling is a technique for
a radioactive isotope, usually artificially
radioisotopic adj. tracking the passage of a sample of
produced
substance through a system.
Automobile emissions contribute to
emissions n. something emitted discharge
environmental problems such as smog.
Absorption is the process in which grains
absorption n. the state or process of being absorbed of rice soaks up the water in which it is
immersed in.

The paper towel was very absorbent, and

absorbent adj. capable of absorbing moisture
we were able to reuse it several times.

The dynamics between the teacher and

dynamics n. the various forces operating in any field
student was not a positive one.
Unit 37

a machine that prints books, newspapers Johannes Gutenberg made the first
printing presses n.
or magazines printing press.
Storytelling is the children's favorite time in
storytelling n. narrating stories
school.

to express a thought, feeling or idea so I was not able to convey all of my

conveyed v communicate
that it is understood by other people thoughts in the two minute speech.

She didn't want to forget the family

recorded v to put in writing, print for future use history, so she recorded all the important write down
details in a journal.
She sent her 600 page manuscript to the
written by hand or with a typewriter, not
manuscript n. publishers in hopes of getting her book
printed
published.
When she related the story, she left out
related v to tell the story of or give an account of give account
the main points.
The simplicity of the story is what
simplicity n. a simple state or quality basic
captivated the children.
Runny nose and body aches are
indications n. something that points out indication
indications of a flu.

A description or account from one point My sister's version of the accident is

versions n. adaptation
of view, especially as opposed to another different than yours.

to make something move around or The news of the student's dismissal

circulated v
through something circulated throughout the school.

the surprise line carrying the point of a No one ever laughs at his jokes because
punch line n.
joke he always mess up the punch line.

fluidity n. the quality or state of being fluid The story lacked coherence and fluidity.
linguists n. a specialist in linguistics Linguists often find jobs in research.
I know it's such a cliché, but I really do
clichés n. A trite or overused expression or idea
want you to have a nice life.
The child rearing seminar was very
instructive adj. giving useful or interesting information
instructive.
features belonging to the culture of a His European heritage taught him to be
heritage n. ancestry
particular society chivalrous.
Hans Christian Andersen is a famous
storyteller n. a person who narrates stories
storyteller.
The judge got tired of the lawyer's
extraneous adj. not pertinent irrelevant
extraneous arguments.
She chose the medium of dance to
medium n. a way of expressing something method
represent her life story.

infallible adj. never wrong, failing or making a mistake No one is infallible except for God. accurate
Unit 38

She worked for the acquisition and

acquisition n. an acquiring or being acquired acquirement
mergers department of the company.
It was very mysterious why she would
mysterious adj. characterized by mystery
always leave the house at eight o'clock.
She has an inclination to talk too much at
inclination n. a particular disposition or bent of mind tendency
parties.
She saved a lot of money by buying
imitation adj. made to resemble something specified fake
imitation purses.
the act of training a person or animal so Conditioning of sexual stereotypes begins
conditioning n. that they do a particular thing without as soon as girls are given dolls and boys
thinking about it are given guns to play.

Innateness Theory states that humans have

innateness n. existing naturally rather than acquired
a genetic predisposition to learn language.

an explanation for something that is

In science the hypothesis is the possible
hypothesis n. based on known facts but has not yet an idea
answer you will try to prove or disprove.
been proved
Her expertise in psychology swayed the
expertise n. a high level of skill knowledge
jury to a guilty verdict.
The students were hoping the speaker
impart v to give; communicate bestow
would impart some words of wisdom.
The amusement park provides space
simulating v to give a false indication or appearance o
simulating rides.

something added, esp. to make up for a There is controversy surrounding vitamin

supplementation n.
lack or deficiency supplementation and their effects.

having a natural ability to do something

adept adj. She was very adept at telling stories. skilled
that needs skill
Positive reinforcement encourages students
reinforcement n. when something is made stronger
to work harder.
a connection in the mind between ideas, Word association games helps people
association n. affiliation
sensations, memories, improve their memories.
Many people bought her artwork because
innovative adj. using new methods or ideas
of her innovative ideas.
She grew up in a very sheltered
encountered v to meet with environment and had never encountered
any rude people.
Saying "comedy" for the past tense of
applying regular grammatical patterns to
over-regularization n. "come" is an example of over-
irregular words
regularization.
to combine two or more things in order It is important for young children to
integrate v mix
to become more effective integrate learning while playing.
existing as a natural or basic part of
inherent adj. There are inherent danger to any sport. innate
something

Our company teaches westerners on the

subtleties n. a small but important detail
subtleties of doing business in Asia.
Unit 39

a fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or

One of the main principles of Christianity
principle n. motivating force, upon which others are doctrine
is to love others.
based
Acoustic phonetics deals with acoustic
acoustic adj. relating to sound or hearing
aspects of speech sounds.
Articulatory phonetics deals with how
articulatory adj. the act or process of articulating speech different structures of the vocal tract
interact to create specific sounds.
She was an auditory learner and often
auditory adj. of or having to do with hearing
memorized while listening to music.

applications n. The capacity of being usable Math has practical applications in real life. relevance

The 2002 World Cup generated a lot of

generated v to cause something to exist
enthusiasm among the fans.
Dr. Frank Laubach was a phonetician who
phoneticians n. an expert in phonetics claimed he could teach children to read in
three months.
an instrument that analyzes the vocal In a spectrogram, the horizontal line
spectrogram n. quality of a selected excerpt of an represents time and the vertical line
individual’s speech represents frequency.
the series of colored bands dispersed and
In a rainbow we can see all the colors of
spectrum n. arranged in the order of their respective
the visible spectrum.
wavelengths
a visual pattern representing the sound A sonogram is another word for
sonogram n.
waves of a voice, call, or noise spectrogram.
Voice recognition is the ability of a
the task of recognizing people from their
Voice-recognition n. machine or program to understand and
voices
carry out spoken commands.
The mother designated her best friend as
designates v to point out the baby's guardian in the event anything specify
should happen to her.
the point at which an electric current A battery has two electrodes, a cathode
electrodes n. enters or leaves something, for example, (positive electric current) and an anode
a battery (negative electric current).
Speech pathologists work with people who
pathologists n. an expert in the study of diseases cannot produce speech sounds or cannot
produce them clearly.
Despite his speech impediments, he went
impediments n. hindrance on to become one of the greatest obstacle
journalists.

There is a perception in the western world

perception n. mental grasp of objects, qualities
that Asian people are all good at math.

the distance between the top and the Small variations in amplitude indicate weak
amplitudes n.
base of a curve or quiet sounds.
The school hopes to integrate the special
integrated v to combine needs students with the rest of the student unite
body.
the art or study of argumentation and He was part of the forensics team in high
forensics n.
formal debate school.
Certain physiological traits are consistent
physiological adj. of or pertaining to physiology
within a culture.
Unit 40

With hard work and perseverance, he was

perseverance n. continued effort and determination
able to raise her grades from F's to A's.

not easily discouraged, defeated, or The indomitable Martin Luther King Jr.
indomitable adj. unconquerable
subdued continued to fight for justice.
making you feel slightly frightened or
The city had the daunting task of
daunting adj. worried about your ability to achieve overwhelming
rebuilding after the fire.
something
Brown vs. Board of Education was a
landmark adj. Having great import or significance landmark case that brought an end to
racial segregation in schools.

Although they had different personalities,

accustomed adj. familiar with something adapted
she grew accustomed to his messiness.

a point at which something changes Getting married was a turning point in my

turning point n. critical moment
direction life.
Most American elevators have Braille to
a system of printing and writing for the
Braille n. accommodate the visisually challenged
blind
people.
Her speech was very clear on her stance
espousing adj. embrace a cause adopt
espousing women's rights.
Abstinence is a very controversial subject
controversial adj. stirring up controversy debatable
among educators.
a type of theatre entertainment in the
Her uncle was a vaudeville actor that was
vaudeville n. 1800s and early 1900s which included
known internationally.
music, dancing and jokes

I would not be surprised if they made a

biographical adj. giving the story of a person's life
biographical movie about Mother Theresa.

The little girl is quite intelligent and talks

incessantly adv never ceasing constant
incessantly.
manuscript already defined
Her brother won the critic's award for his
describes a film or television play that is
feature-length adj. feature-length documentary on the
90 or more minutes long
holocaust.
someone or something that gives you His inspiration for his book came from his
inspiration n.
ideas for doing something long walks along the beach.
Her inspirational biography was a
resounding adj. very great
resounding success.
The hurricane was devastating because it
devastating adj. causing a lot of damage or destruction
affected the entire village.
The family was faced with an
insurmountable adj. that cannot be passed over or overcome
insurmountable hospital bill.
The foundation was set up for
championing v to fight for or support defending
championing family education.
Her endeavor to become a doctor was
endeavor n. an earnest attempt finally realized when she received a effort
scholarship for medical school.
Unit 41

a form of a language that people speak Some experts estimate that there are over
dialects n. accents
in a particular part of a country 8,000 dialects spoken in China.
The many different educational ideas
coalesced v. merge into a single body to unite
coalesced into one main theory.
The country was ravaged by the constant
Invasions n. An intrusion or encroachment attack
invasions from its neighbors.
The avian flu epidemic scared the entire
epidemics adj. Widely prevalent
country.
Linguists already defined
The auxiliary unit her husband belonged to
auxiliary adj. supplemental additional
was deployed to Iraq.
legions n. a large group of soldiers The Roman Legions at times consisted of 3army
To avoid the possibility of insurrection, the
insurrection n. a rising up against established authority revolt
king killed all of the prisoners.
the seizure and control of a country or Japan's occupation of Korea lasted for 35
occupation n.
area by military forces years.
His wife supplemented his income by
supplemented v. add to make up for a lack or deficiency augment
working at the department store.
The company continued to lose money
bureaucratic adj. arbitrary and routine because of their highly bureaucratic
procedures.
to combine or join with something The book incorporates all of his ideas on
incorporated v. embody
already formed education.
a vowel sound in which the tongue
The word "boil" is an example of a
diphthongs n. changes position to produce the sound
diphthong.
of two vowels
pace n. a rate of movement She ran at a steady pace. speed
In the 14th century, the bubonic plague
plague n. serious disease which kills many people
killed half the people in Europe.
moving or able to move to a higher People who live in poverty have limited
mobility adj. movement
social class opportunities for upward mobility.
of or in the style of the present or recent She chose to live in this city because she
contemporary adj. modern
times liked the contemporary buildings.
The manger worked incessantly to codify
codify v. systematize, classify arrange
the office procedures.
The tour offered a fascinating view of the
fascinating adj. extremely interesting
city's history.
The education system has remained static
static adj. not changing for a long time
for the past 50 years.
Unit 42

existing very commonly or happening Christianity is probably the most prevalent

prevalent adj.
frequently religion in the world today.
In order to promote uniformity in the
students' thinking, the teacher
uniformity n. not varying or different in any way same
recommended they all read the same
classic books.
The French colonization of Vietnam had its
colonization n. establishing a colony or colonies in
basis in economic profit.
The goal of most home schooling families
independently adj. free from the influence is to teach their children to think critically
and independently.

commonly spoken by the people of a The Spanish that is taught in school is very
vernacular adj. dialect
particular country or place different than the vernacular of the village.

as relates individually to each of two or The two missionaries decided to go their

respective adj. corresponding,
more persons or things respective ways.

Many cartoon characters are able to

morph v. to change one image into another
morph into other characters in an instant.

Since leaving her country, she had not

the first language that you learn when
mother tongue n. heard anyone speaking her mother tongue
you are a baby
till now.
There were many variations of the story,
variations n. the act, fact, or process of varying adaptations
but they all had the same ending.
After they pulled her out from the debris,
coherence n. the quality of being clear she lacked coherence to account the
details of the accident.

the way in which people pronounce The people from the north and the people
accents n.
words from the south have different accents.

marked adj. noticeable She had a marked taste for unusual foods. distinct

The teacher had pronounced views on how

pronounced adj. very noticeable certain
children should be educated.

In science, there seems to be asymmetry in

asymmetry n. lack of similarity
the way boys and girls are trained.

Although she had studied in the United

colloquial adj. having to do with or like conversation States, she was only familiar with colloquial conversational
English.
a small group which is representative of
The student population represented a well
cross-sections n. all the different types within the total sample
represented cross-section of the city.
group
When they first studied the African lexicon,
all the words used in a particular
lexicon n. they tried to understand the relationship
language
between the words.
A cursory examination of the water
cursory adj. quick and probably not detailed
revealed that it was contaminated.
to alter in order to make more efficient or Streamlining the product approval process
streamlining adj. simplifying
simple improved the company's sales.
She was able to express her ideas
succinctly adv. said in a clear and short way precisely
succinctly.
Unit 43

She studied linguistics in college, and she

linguistics n. the science of language
hoped to one day become a translator.

The student body decided to plant trees

body n. the main or central part of anything main part
around the campus.

After careful consideration of his bleak

considerations n. careful thought or attention deliberation
situation, he decided to sell his business.

one of the parts that a substance is made The scientists looked at the constituent
constituent adj. members
of parts of the proposal.

a person who acts for or represents The government agents decided to

agents n. representative
another purchase new vehicles for the department.

Her decision to become a doctor was

influenced v. to change how someone or something affect
influenced by her uncle.

When they had dissected the plan, they

dissected v. cut up into parts
realized it did not have a solid foundation.

The Jews were kept in the most appalling

appalling adj. shocking and very bad alarming
concentration camps.
The accident had radically altered her
radically adv. complete or extreme greatly
lifestyle.
The parting of the Red Sea is a
any extremely unusual or extraordinar y
phenomenon n. phenomenon that can not be understood wonder
thing
by logic.
containing problems or lacking She is a perfectionist and cannot tolerate
imperfection n. flaw
something any imperfections in her work.
The children's singing was a huge
distraction n. anything that distracts
distraction for him.
The mother had not seen her while she
detached adj. separated was in prison, and she felt very detached
from them.
Her skepticism about his honesty
skepticism n. unbelief doubt
ultimately led to their separation.
any theory that embodies structural Structural linguistics believed there was a
structuralism n.
principles link between thought and sound.
Presumption of innocence is a legal right
presumption n. an assumption, often not fully established conjecture
that Americans have.

The International Studies major

encompass v. to include, especially a variety of things
encompasses many different disciplines.

She is an immensely talented concert

immensely adv. extremely greatly
pianist.

Postmodern architecture is an international

postmodern adj. extremely modern cutting-edge
style that first appeared in the 1950s.

the branches of learning concerned with Her father wanted her to be an engineer,
humanities n.
human thought and relations but she was drawn to the humanities.
Unit 44

a part which combines with other parts to The service station sells the components
components n. parts
form something bigger needed to repair the car.
She represented the tragedy through the
medium n. a way of expressing something method
medium of dance.
What aspect of her personality do you
aspects n. a component part or quality element
like?

existing as an idea, feeling or quality, not Truth and justice were abstract concepts
abstract adj.
as a material object the children could not understand.

She lived simply by only purchasing the

bare adj. scarcely or just sufficient mere
bare necessities.
essentials n. something fundamental Water is essential to human survival. indispensable
the way in which the parts of a system or The grammatical structure of the two
structure n.
object are arranged or organized languages is quite different.
the grammatical arrangement of words in Research of the two languages revealed
syntax n.
a sentence their syntax to be very similar.
She purchased a lottery ticket; she hoped
reverse v. to change the direction, order or position
to reverse her luck.
She has a very good memory and can
retain v. to continue to have something keep
retain phone numbers very easily.
Latin is an inflected language where word
the way in which words are arranged in
word order n. order is not as important as the English
sequence in a sentence
language.
The amount of scholarship offered was the
A factor to be considered in forming a
considerations n. most important consideration in choosing concern
judgment or decision
a university.

a letter or group of letters added to the

prefixes n. In the word 'submarine', 'sub-' is the prefix.
beginning of a word to make a new word

a letter or group of letters added at the The suffix of a word can change the
suffixes n.
end of a word to make a new word function of the word.

a change in or addition to the form of a

If you add the plural inflection '-s' to 'cat'
inflections n. word which shows a change in the way it
you get 'cats'.
is used in sentences
the text or speech that comes
Although she did not understand the
immediately before and after a particular
context n. word, she was guess the meaning from the
phrase or piece of text and helps to
context.
explain its meaning
He could not discuss the specifics of the
specifics n. exact details
investigation.

Language acquisition and intelligence are

intimately adv. showing a close union or combination
intimately associated with each other.

They were not sure what governs public

govern v. to influence the action or conduct of guide
opinion of the presidential candidates.
to collect information in small amounts I was not able to glean much information
glean v. ascertain
and often with difficulty from the police.
Unit 45

the branch of linguistics that analyzes the

Sociolinguistics study the external aspects
effects of social and cultural factors
sociolinguistics n. of a language and the way the language
within a speech community upon its
affects the culture around it.
language patterns
As a new comer to the company, she was
workings n. functioning not able to understand the inner workings
of the company culture.
She did not have much expectations from
expectations n. a thing looked forward to
the blind date.

to notice or understand the difference She is color blind and is not able to
distinguished v.
between two things distinguish between red and green colors.

Having a lot of money is all relative and

relative adj. considered in relation to something else comparative
not as important to having good health.

He attributed his success to the moral

attributed v. be the reason for credit
values his mother had taught him.
something which results from something His success if s function of hard work and
function n. result
else endurance.

an occupation requiring a specific The profession of doctor requires many

profession n. career
education years of education but also compassion.

people who want to work together He formed new alignments at work in

alignment n.
because of shared interests or aims hopes of getting promoted.
He is a very bright student, but he lacks
motivations n. enthusiasm for doing something
the motivation to succeed.
The president's convictions about the war
convictions n. a strong belief principles
was unwavering.
someone who does not live in their own Many American artists live as expatriates in
expatriate n.
country Europe.
As a prisoner of war, he was stripped of all
stripped v. to take away remove
his human rights.
a change in design in order to The retrofitted computers worked perfectly
retrofitted adj. adapted
incorporate later improvements in the schools.
He had very good intentions, but his
intentions n. the end or object intended involvement in the projected set the team purpose
back two weeks.

The seminar was attended by intellectuals

intellectuals n. a person of superior intellect
in the field of genetic engineering.

The assimilation of the refugees in their

assimilation n. The process of becoming similar to host country was aided by a creative acclimatization
training program.
The populace of the village revolted
populace n. the common people masses
against the king.

His relations with his siblings is a good

indicator n. a person or thing that indicates sign
indicator of how he will adjust in society.

The discovery of diamonds in the country

disparities n. a lack of equality and similarity caused a greater disparity between the rich gap
and poor.
Unit 46

entirety n. with nothing missing I have never read the book in its entirety. whole

The child never had to give an account of

account v. to give an explanation explain
his behavior.
The librarian had to catalog the 2,000
catalog v. classify record
books that were donated.
The new employee came with a wealth of
wealth n. a large amount of something good large
knowledge.
All high school students were required to
thesauruses n. a book of synonyms and antonyms
purchase a thesauruses.

a word or phrase which has the same or

The words catalog and record are
synonyms n. nearly the same meaning as another
synonyms.
word or phrase in the same language

A typical dictionary entry contains the part

entry n. the recording of an item of speech, definition, and the number of
syllables.
an alphabetical list of the chief words
used in a book or by a writer, with the In order to fully understand Shakespeare,
concordances n.
passages in which they occur identified or you need a good concordance.
cited

His new phone did not cover an extensive

extensive adj. having a great range far-reaching
range and could only be used in the city.

Rather than study they bible book by

topical adj. arranged by topics, subjects, or headings book, he decided to do a topical study on
forgiveness.
Recent advances in medicine allowed her
advances n. an improvement progress
father to survive the disease.
As a linguist, she always carried an
the study of the origin and history of
etymological adj. etymological dictionar y incase she
words
encountered a new word.
to determine or ascertain by The waiter made an error in calculating the
calculating v. computing
mathematical methods total bill.
coming from a particular place, time,
originate v. The game originated from Asia.
situation
accessible adj. able to be reached or easily obtained Our hotel was easily accessible by car.
the arrival of an event, invention or Life in American was transformed by the
advent n. beginning
person advent of automobiles.
The students admired the beautiful cloud
formation n. the way something is naturally made design
formations.
The mother's help was indispensable in
indispensable adj. absolutely necessary or required crucial
putting on the Christmas show.
existing or happening in all parts of the The agency distributes the bible
worldwide adj.
world worldwide.
This book is offered exclusively through
exclusively adv. only
the internet.
Unit 47

The native Indians were the first people to

inhabit v. to live in a place
inhabit America.
In pursuit of the fox, the cat fell into the
pursuit n. an effort to secure or attain quest
river.
The region depends on agriculture for its
agriculture n. farming
income.

characteristic of people who have no

In my desire to see the world, I lived a
nomadic adj. fixed home and move from place to place wandering
very nomadic life for ten years.
in search of food, water, and grazing land

social organization of a high order,

marked by the development and use of a When they landed on the island, they did
civilizations n.
written language and by advances in the not see any signs of civilization.
arts and sciences, government,

to tame wild animals and breed for They domesticated the wolf and now he is
domesticate v.
human use considered to be a part of the family.

The book accounts the details of the

settlements n. a small or isolated community
settlement of the pilgrims in the new land.

the artificial application of water so that The Egyptians built canals and dams to
irrigation n.
crops and plants will grow bring water from the Nile fro irrigation.
The earliest cuneiform inscriptions were
cuneiform n. a form of writing used by the Sumerians
composed of pictographs.

He carefully recorded his transactions in

transactions n. a business activity
case he was investigated by the police.

the study of numbers, shapes and space

The mathematics of the Chinese calendar
mathematics n. using reason and usually a special system math
is quite different than the western calendar.
of symbols and rules for organizing them

After studying astronomy in her science

astronomy n. the science of the stars and planets class, she was fascinated with watching the
starts at night.
The Amish craftsmen are gifted in
a person who is skilled in a particular
craftsmen n. producing simple yet elegant furniture skilled person
craft
designs.

a system of writing which uses pictures When they uncovered the cave, they
hieroglyphics n.
instead of words used in ancient Egypt discovered hieroglyphics on the walls.

In order to understand the Egyptian

to use chemicals to prevent a dead body
embalmed v. culture, our science class embalmed a
from decaying
chicken.
There was no identifying mark on the
corpses n. a dead body, usually of a person
corpse.
Mummification was important to the
the process of making a dead body into a
mummification n. Egyptians because they believed the
mummy
bodies would live in another world.
words that are written or cut in
inscriptions n. The inscription on the ring had worn away.
something
Oracle bone is given its name because
the oldest known form of Chinese written
oracle bone n. some of the objects are thought to be
language
used as oracles.

a curved container which is used to hold The artistic achievements of the Chinese
vessels n.
liquid bronze vessels were extremely brilliant.
Unit 48

The dynasty endured several invasions

endured v. to continue to exist for a long time existed
from its neighbors.
a group of ships, or all of the ships in a The military had an impressive fleet of
fleet n.
country's navy sailing ships.
the part of mathematics that involves the A solid understanding of arithmetic is
arithmetic n. math
adding and multiplying crucial for studying algebra.
astronomy already defined
the scientific study of the earth's surface, I bought a new globe for my geography
geography n.
features, climate, people class.
the science, art, or profession of
architecture n. designing and constructing buildings, She studied architecture in college.
bridges
the scientific planning of a machine, road, She studied civil engineering because she
engineering n.
bridge wanted to build bridges.
sculpting n. the process of sculpturing an object Sculpting utilizes clay to from objects.
Egyptians were often buried with their
afterlife n. a life after death
possessions for the afterlife.
to think about the various aspects of a Since she never talks, we can only
speculate v. guess
given subject speculate what she is thinking.

The significance of the new drug was not

significance n. importance
realized until they started experimenting.

The suggested she practice her

suggested v. to mention an idea offer
handwriting for 30 minutes each day.
machinery already defined
mined already defined
a place where building stone, marble, or After quarries have fulfilled their mining
quarries n. slate is excavated, as by cutting or purposes, they usually fill with water to
blasting become ponds.
containing a lot of careful detail or many The stained glass windows had elaborate
elaborate adj. detailed
detailed parts designs.
The diplomats exchanged pleasantries
pleasantries n. A polite social utterance greetings
before getting down to business.
deceased adj. n dead Five of the deceased were students.
The school shooting prompted school
prompted v. to make something happen officials to rethink the school's safety incite
measures.
The millionaire commissioned the
commission v. to give power or authority to authorize
committee to give ten scholarships.
Unit 49

Many people regard New York as the

birthplace n. the place where something originated homeland
birthplace of pizza.
Her arguments were never logical, and she
logical adj. using reason always felt frustrated after their
conversations.
The normal progression of the disease
progressions n. a sequence or succession sequence
prepared the family for his death.
the quality or fact of being a particular All three of her children had different
personalities n.
person personalities.
in the ancient world, a city and the area
Rome and Athens were two of the greatest
city-states n. around it with an independent
city-states in the ancient world.
government
having the form of government where
Australia has always been an oligarchic
oligarchic adj. ruling power belongs to a few persons
country.

He was an exemplary student, and the

very good and suitable to be copied by
exemplary adj. teacher wished more students were like ideal
other people
him.
The American president is elected for a
elected adj. v to decide by voting
four year term.
His uncle was an important figure in the
assembly n. a legislative body
ruling assembly of their country.
The university was founded by his great-
founded v. To set up establish
grandfather.
a place or building where people are sent The school he founded was the first
institution n.
to be cared for institution of its kind in the country.
His favorite subject in school was public
public speaking n. the act of delivering speeches in public
speaking.

ethics n. a system of moral standards or values The ethics of journalism is much debated. morality

a system of ways of doing, teaching or His research methodology has been

methodologies n.
studying something criticized by the scientific community.
After the surgery, his speech was not
discernible adj. capable of being discerned discernible at all; he had to write distinguishable
everything down.
the quality of balance and proportion in
objects with two sides that correspond
symmetry n. He used a lot of symmetry in his paintings.
like mirror images in size, form, and
arrangement of parts
a tall vertical stone post which is used as
The roof of the cathedral was supported
columns n. a support for a roof or in classical
by several thick stone columns.
buildings for decoration
a long narrative poem in a dignified style
Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are considered
epic n. about the deeds of a traditional or heroic poem
epics.
historical hero or heroes
Her aunt was a legendary vaudeville
legendary adj. well-known famous
actress.

a person who is one of the first people to Ann Preston was a pioneer medical doctor
pioneers n.
do something who founded the Woman's Hospital.
Unit 50

legendary already defined

She was stoned to death because the

priestess n. a female priest
people believed she was a witch priestess.

a person or animal that lives in a

inhabitants n. Seoul is a city with 40 million inhabitants.
particular place
The monarchy in England plays an
monarchy n. a government ruled by a king or queen
important role in British culture.
A political unit having an extensive
territory or comprising a number of The British empire was one of the largest
empires n.
territories or nations and ruled by a empires in history.
single supreme authority
It was discovered that Roman conquers
someone who has conquered a country
conquerors n. wore wooly socks during their conquest of
or its people
England.
She finally had to move out because of her
struggles n. Strenuous effort strife
struggles with her mother.
When was at the height of her career
height n. the top peak
when she got pregnant.
the point of greatest activity, strength, or She had reached the peak of her career
peak n. height
success and decided to start a family.
the state of being successful and having The country's future prosperity depends on
prosperity n. abundance
a lot of money the education of its children.
excelled v. to be extremely good at something Her son excelled in math in school. be proficient

The Roman queducts are among the

aqueducts n. a structure for carrying water across land
greatest achievements in the ancient world.

After her car accident, she needed some

legal adj. connected with the law
legal advice.

a code of laws adopted by a state or Hammurabi, a Babylonian ruler, developed

legal code n. law
nation legal codes that still influences us today.

Her family always attended worship on

worship n. a church service
Sunday mornings.
Her neighbor was prosecuted after the
prosecuted v. to institute legal proceedings against
police found stolen cars in his garage.
Rampant corruption was the cause of the
downfall n. a sudden fall, as from prosperity or powe
downfall of the empire.
The official language in the school was
official n. formally set or prescribed English, although the students spoke
Spanish at home.
the law when it is applied or carried out She committed her life to seeking justice
justice n.
in a fair way, fairness for abused women.
the action, manner, function, or power of This book discusses good governance in
governance n.
government democratic societies.
Unit 51 Parts Definition Sentence Sync

Child abuse needs to be abolished from

abolished v. to end an activity or custom officially destroyed
society.
the money used to pay for goods and The currency of that country does not
currency n. money
services in a country contain any coins.
series of family members who hold power
dynasties n. The Han dynasty ruled for over 400 years.
in politics or business
The orphan flourished in her new
flourish v. to become rich, grow strong developed
environment.
a Chinese medical procedure that treats
When all tradition remedies failed to heal
acupuncture n. illness by the inserting needles at
her back pain, she tried acupuncture.
specified sites of the body
an object for making music, such as a She plays several musical instruments, and
instruments n.
violin, piano, or horn now she is learning to conduct.
My mother has been a resident of San
residents n. person who lives in a certain area inhabitants
Francisco for over 30 years.
She had complete authority over her
authority n. to be in charge power
servants.

While visiting the country she witnessed

suffering n. the state of a person or thing that suffers
the suffering of the inhabitants.

eliminated v. to remove or get rid of We eliminated all meat from our diet. abolish
In order for students to do well in school,
discipline n. control of the mind and body train
they need self discipline.
They fell in love because of their shared
shared adj have in common
interest in rock climbing.
the noble class or the body of nobles in a She married into nobility and has regretted
nobility n. high lass
country the decision ever since.
imperial adj of an empire Imperial Japan annexed Korean in 1910.

In preparation for her marriage, she was

tutored v. teach privately; to be taught privately instruct
tutored in proper etiquettes of a princess.

one who explores an unknown or little- Christopher Columbus was a famous

explorers n.
known region explorer.
The Spanish Armada's task was to
armada n. a fleet of warships
overthrow protestant England.
They purchased a nautical map before
nautical adj relating to ships, sailing or sailors
sailing off.
a journey made by a group organized On his first trip, Columbus led an
expeditions adj n campaign
and equipped for a special purpose expedition with three ships.
a store established in an unsettled or
Once they settled, the pilgrims built a
trading post n. thinly settled region by a trader or
trading post.
trading company
Unit 52

describing the period before there were

prehistoric adj Dinosaurs lived during prehistoric times.
written records

a political, ethnic, or ancestral division of There were several different Indian tribes in
tribes n.
ancient states and cultures the northern part of the country.

animals, such as cattle, sheep, and

livestock n. He was hired to take care of the livestock. farm animals
chickens
The blending of the two families was not
blending v. To combine mix
easy at first.

a group of buildings surrounded by high

forts n. The enemy first attacked the fort.
walls and used for military purposes

The extent or distance something can They built a fence to protect the reaches
reaches n. extent
reach of their community.
abruptly adv suddenly She abruptly got up and left the table. unexpectedly
After the terrorist attack, there was a mass
exodus n. a going out or forth in a large group
exodus of people from the city.
settlements already defined
Christianity was introduced to Korea over
Christianity n. the Christian religion
100 years ago.

a person sent by a church into an area to The Christian missionaries first came to
missionaries n. messengers
carry on evangelism or other activities North Korea long ago.

He was part of the advisory committee

advisory adj advising or given the power to advise that made decisions on the spending of
the money.
a group of people called together for After a long deliberation, the council
council n.
consultation, discussion, advice decided to free the hostages.
The advisee was not very thrilled with the
advisees n. One that is advised
suggestion.

reign n. the period of rule, dominance The family's reign last for over a century. rule

No one really knows who built the great

cathedrals n. A large, important church
cathedrals in Europe.
a large building or group of buildings
The king did not allow any jousting in the
castles n. with thick walls and other defenses
castle.
against attack

relating to a political and social system in

which a king and the people of the upper The feudal system lasted for over six
feudal adj.
classes owned the land and people of the centuries in Europe.
lower classes worked it

Over time, however, monarchical rule in the

monarchical adj pertaining to a monarch or monarchy
colonies began to weaken.
The soldiers fortified the building by
fortified v. to make strong or stronger secured
building an outer wall.
Unit 53

imaginary, fictitious, or not based on facts

mythical adj. Zeus is a mythical character.
or scientific study
With the bad weather, it’s a certainty that
certainty n. that is certain assurance
the flights will be cancelled.
She derived great pleasure from watching
derived v. to get something from a source receive
her grandchildren sing.
spoken words which are thought to have The witch cast a spell on the prince and
spell n.
magical power turned him into a frog.
accounts n. a report, story In some accounts, the prince never dies. description
Due to cavities, the dentist had to extract
extract v. to draw out by effort pull out
10 teeth.
proclaimed v. to announce officially He proclaimed to be the new king.
A cup or plate that, according to
In the movie, Harrison Ford seeks after the
Holy Grail n. medieval legend, was used by Jesus at
Holy Grail.
the Last Supper
disciples n. an early follower of Jesus Jesus had 12 original disciples. followers
Leonardo da Vinci created a mural painting
the last supper eaten by Jesus with his
Last Supper n. of the last supper Jesus had with his
disciples before the Crucifixion
disciples.
In theory, they were brothers; however,
an association of persons having similar
fellowship n. jealousy, envy and hatred existed with the union
tastes
fellowship of the Round Table.
purity already defined
The teacher had great dedication to her
dedication n. personal commitment to something devotion
students.
the noble qualities a knight was
supposed to have, such as courage, She fell in love with her husband because
chivalry n.
honor, and a readiness to help the weak of his chivalry.
and protect women
coveted v. to desire something strongly She coveted her neighbor's lifestyle. lust after
any act, person, or thing that offends or
After the sex scandal, the family had to
scandal n. shocks moral feelings of the community
move out of their community.
and leads to disgrace
The Japanese tried to obliterate all traces
obliterated v. to remove all traces of to destroy
of Korean culture.
The son had usurped his father's kingdom
usurped v. to take control or a position of power take over
and the treasures.
There were no traces of the culture
dispersed v. vanished dispelled
because it had dispersed completely.
After the scandal of the president, the
dissolved v. to break up
company dissolved.
Unit 54

a political and social system in which a

king and the people of the upper classes Feudalism was common during the middle
feudalism n.
owned the land and people of the lower ages.
classes worked it
a person granted the use of land, in
return for rendering homage and usually The vassal did not keep his promise to his
vassals n. servant
military ser vice or its equivalent to a lord lord.
or other superior
in feudal times, the district over which a Medieval manor houses were owned by
manors n.
lord held authority Medieval England's wealthy.
under feudalism, land held from a lord in Land in medieval times was broken up into
fiefs n.
return for ser vice fiefs.
Much of the aristocracy fled during the
aristocracy n. a privileged ruling class nobility
war.
serious disorder that is inherited or
The disease was passed down through
disease n. caused by infection or bad living sickness
three generations.
conditions
The prolonged war caused a famine in the
famine n. an acute and general shortage of food
entire country.

populated v. to supply with inhabitants The entire city was populated by refugees.

the group or body of ordained persons in The presidential candidates asked for
clergy n. pastor
a religion advice from the clergy.
It was difficult for her to climb the
ladder n. levels in status corporate ladder at work because she was
a woman.
The father deemed it was time the son left
deemed v. To have as an opinion judge
and lived independently.
a fight between two mounted knights or The jousting between the two knights was
jousting adj fighting
men-at-arms using long sticks fun to watch.
competition in a series of events leading He won first place in the tennis
tournaments n.
to a winner tournament.
a member of a religious order who lives
Monks n. Buddhist monks usually shave their heads.
in a monastery

monasteries n. a place where monks live, work, and pray Some monasteries are open to the public.

The doctor is well known for his

scholarship n. study, learning, and knowledge
scholarship.
anything that ensures admission or A good education was his passport out of
passport n.
acceptance poverty.
The poverty-stricken family lived on the
poverty-stricken adj very poor
streets.
game n. wild animals, birds, and fishes The hunter captured wild game for fun.
The emergence of fast food threatened the
emergence n. the process of appearing appearance
physical well being of children.
Unit 55

written works, such as novels, poems, and

literature n. She has an interest in British literature. books
plays
San Francisco has a very diverse
diverse adj different from each other varied
population.
Jousting was a form of entertainment
medieval adj related to the Middle Ages
during medieval times.
Because he couldn't read English, the test
orally adv. uttered by the mouth; spoken verbally
was administered orally.
Establishing the authorship of ancient
authorship n. with reference to an author
manuscripts is a daunting task.
He attributed his longetivity to smoking a
attributed v. be the reason for assign
cigar every day.
an unusual, exciting and possibly
They had some exciting adventures on
adventures n. dangerous activity such as a journey or
their vacation.
experience
He was overwhelmed by the generosity of
generosity n. readiness to give giving
the church.
a stor y in which people, things, and
Allegories are usually used to teach a
allegory n. happenings have a hidden or symbolic
moral.
meaning
Her book was a narrative tale of a man
narrative adj in the form of a story
and his search for truth.
a love affair with excitement, adventure,
romance adj She wrote many romance novels.
and happiness
The Civil War in the United States was
civil war n. a war between groups in a country
between the north and south.
The encouraged her students to read
a specific type of literature, art, or music
genres n. different genres in preparation for the
grouped according to a style or subject
English test.
to describe something or someone in a She portrayed her mother as a loving and
portray v.
certain way gentle person.

a traveling musician and singer common The minstrel's song described a romance
minstrels n.
between the 11th and 15th centuries between the king and queen.

virtuous adj having good moral qualities A virtuous person does not tell lies. upright
If you contrast the personalities of the two
to compare two people or things in order
contrasted v. brothers, you will see which one took after
to show the differences between them
the mother.
He is masterful at creating magnificent
masterful adj able to do things well competent
buildings.
The academics at the university did not
academics n. people who study and think
agree with the policies.
He recounted the accident with much
recounted v. to describe how something happened
details.
Unit 56

The newspaper company went out of

the number of copies of each issue of a
circulation n. business because of their lack of
newspaper, magazine, etc., distributed
circulation.
The soldiers were praised for their
devotion n. dedication loyalty
devotion to their country.
Christians believe Jesus redeemed mankind
redeem v. to save from sin
by dying on the cross.
the study of God and the relations
He decided to study theology to better
theology n. between God, humankind, and the
understand his religious beliefs.
universe
describes a society or country that has a
The people were not as civilized as she
civilized adj. highly developed system of government, refined
thought they would be.
culture and way of life

dignity n. self-respect, a calm and formal manner The priest was a man of great dignity. worthiness

In the wake of the hurricane, the city lay in

wake n. directly following, as a result of
ruins.
The grandeur of the Grand Canyon is
grandeur n. beauty on a large scale splendor
beyond words.
In antiquity the Roman civilization was very
antiquity n. the time of ancient societies
powerful.
a theory that searched for truth and
The word humanism can refer to several
humanism n. morality based on the history and actions
different thoughts or theories.
of humans
The princess was known for her elegance
elegance n. the quality of being graceful charm
and charm.
While she was growing up, she never
envisioned v. to have in mind conceive
envisioned herself getting married.

renowned adj famous, well-known and liked San Francisco is renowned for its beauty. celebrated

The remnants of the city's former glory can

remnants n. something that remains leftover
be seen in huge cathedrals.
The founding fathers of America
founding ad To establish or set up envisioned a country that would grant original member
religious freedom for all individuals.
All of the offspring that are at the same The disease skips a generation and then
generations n. stage of descent from a common appears in males in the following
ancestor generation.
As a child, she enjoyed reading all the
the classics n. the most famous works of literature
American classics.

something that makes a person work The inspiration for the movie came from
inspiration n. motivation
hard or be creative watching his mother deal with the disease.

She had learned very good techniques;

procedure by which something is
technique n. now all she needed to do was execute method
performed
them.
People questioned the accuracy of his
accuracy n. something that is correct and true precision
statements.
Unit 57

a means by which thoughts are expressed For many small businesses, the web is a
vehicles n. method
or made known new vehicle for advertising.
The pastor attempted to understand the
spirituality n. religious devotion or piety spirituality of people who do not go to
church.
The mannequins seemed so lifelike that
lifelike adj. so real as to seem alive
even the manager was surprised.

related to understanding and liking She was very impressed by the aesthetic
aesthetic ad
beauty and art presentation of Japanese food.

She decided to home school her children

secular adj. not religious because she was not satisfied with the
secular public education.
Many people celebrate Easter by going to
celebrate v. to honor commemorate
church.
to think of as having some quality or In mythology, the gods are endowed as
endowed v.
characteristic having human traits.
The mayor commissioned the French artist
commissioned v. authorization to do a certain duty or task assign
to paint his portrait.
In biblical times, people often lived for a
biblical ad in keeping with or according to the Bible
very long time.
Michelangelo's The Last Judgment was
painting on wet plaster on a wall or
frescos n. painted on the wall of the Sistine Chapel in
ceiling
Rome.
The movie had an idealized view of the
idealized adj. making it seem more pleasant than it was
Holocaust.
Her perspective of the situation was very
perspective n. a particular way of considering something view
different than mine.
painting, film or book which is done or
Falling water is considered to be Frank
masterpiece n. made with great skill, and is often a
Lloyd Wright's masterpiece.
person's greatest work
Her hatred towards men was grounded in
grounded v. to be based firmly on something
her childhood experience.
a wealthy or powerful person who
The princess was a patron of art and
patron n. encourages and supports the activity of
supported struggling artists.
others
holding the most important position or Healthcare was a dominant issue during
dominant adj. strong
greatest influence the presidential debate.
The little girl learned all the names of her
anatomical adj. of or connected with anatomy body parts by looking at the anatomical
chart.
a painting, photograph, or drawing of a She commissioned the artist to paint her
portraits n. picture
person portrait.
The details on the stained glass window
exquisite ad delicate, finely made perfect
were exquisite.
He could not satisfy his insatiable hunger
insatiable ad not satisfied with a normal amount voracious
and had to eat five hamburgers.
Unit 58

universal Already defined

From the time she was a toddler, she
genius n. very great and rare natural ability or skill
showed signs of genius.

able to be used for many different The versalitility of his techniques enabled
versatility n. flexibility
purposes him to create artistic masterpieces.

something that draws the attention of the His interests in the arts prompted him to
interests n.
curiosity of a person pursue a career in painting.

a scientist who studies heavenly bodies The astronomer slept during the day and
astronomer n.
and outer space worked at night, when the stars are out.

Many anatomist work in universities

anatomist n. a specialist in anatomy
teaching anatomy.
a trained professional who designs
architect n. buildings and is often in charge of their Frank Lloyd Wright was a famous architect.
construction
paternal ad related through a father His paternal grandfather lives in China.
The illegitimate son sued his father for his
illegitimate ad born to unmarried parents
fortune.
one who is learning a skill or trade from
apprentice n. Ranofer is an apprentice at the goldsmiths. novice
an expert
a painted or carved screen behind or
The church altarpiece had a painting of the
altarpiece n. above the altar or communion table in
last supper.
Christian churches
She liked untraditional architectural
not conforming to or in accord with
untraditional adj. designs and built a house shaped like a unconventional
tradition
donut.
something made by putting things She always made the flower arrangements
arrangement n. classification
together: for church.
The artillery designs were untraditional and
very large guns that are moved on
artillery n. although they looked great, they were
wheels or metal tracks
ineffective.
The act or an instance of diverting or
diversions n. Dams are used as river diversions. deviation
turning aside
The parents were filled with apprehension
apprehension n. worry, fear at the thought of their daughter starting
school.
He has a rudimentary knowledge of the
rudimentary ad simple language and is only able to order food at basic
restaurants.

a theory in which the lithosphere is

divided into a number of crystal plates, When the plate tectonics theory was
each of which moves on the plastic developed, it replaced the older
plate tectonics
asthenosphere more or less continental drift theory about the Earth's
independently to collide with, slide under, motions.
or move past adjacent plates

a device that looks awkward or old-

He was an inventor and always had
contraptions n. fashioned, especially one that you do not
strange contraptions in his garage.
know how to use

something that is a part of your history The Greeks left a rich legacy of literature
legacy n. heritage
or which stays from an earlier time and art.
Unit 59

initiated v. to cause something to start She initiated a blood drive for her school.

The dispersion of Israelites out of Israel is

dispersion n. a spread over an area
known as the Jewish Diaspora.
of or pertaining to the Greeks or their
The Hellenistic period began in AD 323
Hellenistic adj. language, culture, etc., after the time of
with the death of Alexander the Great.
Alexander the Great
Zeus was a very powerful mythological
mythological ad connected with myths
character.
Her academic parents instilled in the girl a
instilled v. to give a quality by example or teaching implant
love for learning.
Germ warfare is a great threat to modern
warfare n. the way a war is fought
countries.
After the president was assassinated, the
assassinated v. to kill someone famous or important
country faced great confusion.
throne n. the state of being a ruler Her brother is next in line to the throne.
infantry n. soldiers who fight on foot Tanks rode ahead of the infantry.
cavalry n. soldiers trained to fight on horseback The cavalry fought with great intensity.
After his brave battle, he was crowned as
crowned v. To confer honor, dignity, or reward upon
knight.
Egyptians believed the pharaohs to be a
pharaoh n. a ruler of ancient Egypt
god.
The children outnumbered the adults at
outnumbered v. to be greater in number than
the amusement park.
the combination of military plans to The generals tactics were successful in
tactics n.
achieve a strategy capturing the enemy.
The braver hikers traversed across the
traverse v. to cross, travel over
United States.
The teacher was infamous for giving too
infamous adj. famous because of something bad
much homework.
The duties of a kingship include being very
kingship n. being a king
diplomatic.
The car had stalled, and they had to travel
treacherous adj dangerous, harmful on foot through the treacherous mountain
road.
a large area of countryside, especially in The landscape was covered with thousands
landscape n.
relation to its appearance of rabbits.
The camaraderie between the brothers
camaraderie n. a good feeling of togetherness friendship
astonished everyone.
Unit 60

Her brother is a genius; he started to write

genius n. a person of great intelligence and ability
poetry at the age of four.
successful, usually by earning a lot of
prosperous adj American is a very prosperous country. affluent
money
poisoned v. to harm or kill with a poison The rats were poisoned.
He was denied the chiefdom of his tribe
chiefdom n. the rank or office of a chief
because of his light colored skin.

After being in isolation for two weeks, the

isolation n. an act or instance of isolating
prisoner was finally ready to confess.

to ask someone for money, information The candidates went door to door to
solicit n. v ask for
or help solicit votes.

He married the daughter of the Spanish

alliances n. group of countries joined for a purpose
king in order to build alliance with Spain.

The chieftain had become a Christian and

chieftains n. the leader of a tribe
ordered his people to kill no more.
He is a ruthless businessman and nothing
not thinking about the feelings or health
ruthless adj will stop him when it comes to a business cold blooded
of other people
opportunity.
A person held in custody, captivity The prisoners tried to escape by running
prisoners n.
especially while on trial across the field.

a planned group of activities which are During his presidential campaign, he

campaign n. movement
intended to achieve a particular aim promised to lower taxes.

The house was completely demolished

demolished v. to destroy annihilate
during the earthquake.
His invasion of China was stopped by the
invasion n. an attack, entrance by force
cold winter.
accepting of different beliefs and The parents were tolerant of their son's
tolerant adj
behavior bad behavior.
something that causes a fall from power His downfall was caused by his empty
downfall n.
or a high position promises.
a person taking part or experienced in The warriors invaded the castle by
warriors n. soldier
conflict especially war breaking down the wall.

The administration of the university was

administration n. control of the business management
praised for the effective use of the funds.

The civil officers were reprimanded for

civil officers n. government employee
criticizing their government.
fight against a government or other
revolted v. The villagers revolted against their leader.
power

descendants n. someone born into a certain family line She is a descendant of Thomas Jefferson. heir
Unit 61

A woman to whom secrets or private

confidante n. Mary was a confidante to the president.
matters are disclosed
Wealthy families used to build
mausoleum n. a large burial tomb
mausoleums.
commissioned already defined
His wife provided wise counsel to her
counsel n. advice given by an expert
husband.
exquisite already defined
The elaborate wedding would require 300
elaborate adj complex detailed
servers.
Her obsession with cats was the cause of
obsession n. idea or habit that controls the mind fixation
their divorce.
masterpiece already defined
architects already defined

artisans n. A skilled manual worker The chest was built by an artisan in India. a craftsperson

a person who uses highly decorative They asked a calligrapher to hand write all
calligraphers n.
handwriting their wedding invitations.
an artist who makes non-flat art with The sculptor created the beautiful statue
sculptors n.
stone, metal, and other substances out of metal.
They called a mason to lay the bricks for
masons n. a skilled worker in brick or stone
their house.
The timeless beauty of Michelangelo's
timeless adj lasting forever eternal
paintings delights all people.
imprisoned v. to send to jail He was imprisoned for stealing the car. to incarcerate
He was once a celebrated actor who made
celebrated adj much spoken of famous
a lot of money.
a condition of being broken down and The church building was in a condition of
disrepair n. damaged
needing to be fixed disrepair after the earthquake.
She was expelled for her rebellion against
rebellions n. a fight against the people in power
the school authorities.
He was deceived by the witch's promise
immortal adj living forever eternal
that he would be immortal.
a person with much knowledge of fine
connoisseur n. She was a connoisseur of fine chocolates. appreciator,
things
Unit 62

He proclaimed his love for her in front of

proclaimed v to declare publicly
5,000 people.
There was a terrible fire that destroyed
terrible adj horrible dreadful
2,000 homes.
The orphan turned out to be an aristocrat
aristocrats n. member of the aristocracy noble
from an old family.
The mother was not certain that her son
absolute adj certain, definite
was telling the absolute truth.
Many of the gentry in Boston live in
Gentry n. people of high social standing
mansions.
The serf was committed to serving his
Serf n. a slave
master for 20 years.
Serfdom was a labor system under which
Serfdom n. related to a serfs most European agricultural workers lived
during the Middle Ages.
She decided not to marry John because
Barbaric adj. wild, uncivilized barbarous
she felt he was too barbaric.
an opinion, about the quality of a She had a very bad reputation among her
reputation n.
person's character friends.
The baby did not grow because her diet
deficient adj not enough insufficient
was deficient in calcium.
Throne already defined
in some countries, the name of a There are 299 members in the Korean
National assembly n.
legislature National Assembly.
The popularity of the new phone caused
popularity n. widespread acceptance
the company to expand rapidly.
an office, position, or the like, to which a He received his appointment as the
appointment n.
person is appointed university's new president on Monday.
The soldiers recaptured the village back
recaptured v. to capture again retake
from the rebels.
overthrow of a government by those
governed and usually by forceful means, The American Revolution took place in
revolution n.
with another government or system 1775.
taking its place
of a system in which a country rules Britain's imperialist activities in Africa lasted
imperialist adj
other countries from 1869 to 1912.
The devastated village took twenty years to
devastated adj destroyed completely ravaged
rebuild.

Rivalries exist between siblings because

rivalries n. a special desire to defeat an opponent competition
they compete for their parents attention.

The new Chancellor of Germany came to

chancellor n. a high government official
visit the United States.
Unit 63

Revolution already defined

The defenders of the city gave up when
someone who protects a place against
defenders n. they were outnumbered by the besieging
attack
army.
After financing the medical project for
years, the people decided to end their
financing v. to supply with money or capital
support because they did not see any
results.
The representative film about life after
representative adj serving to represent
WWI won the highest award.
The daughter harbored a grudge against
harboring v. to hold in the mind cling to
her father for over 30 years.

The revenue from her income property was

revenue n. the return from property or investment income
not sufficient to cover her expenses.

The Constitution of the United states,

the principles and rules, set forth in a
constitution n. which contain the fundamental laws of the law
written document, governing a country
country, was adopted in 1789.
After the colonist left the country, they
redistribution n. a distribution performed again or anew had to work out the redistribution of the
land.
The French Parliament is the legislative
legislative adj having the function of making laws
body of the French government
He belongs to the fraternity of medical
fraternity n. a group of people with the same beliefs alliance
doctors.
After years of hard work, the senator rose
prominence n. the state or quality of being prominent
to prominence.
a representative party assembly to
The national convention had the task of
convention n. nominate candidates and adopt platforms
rebuilding after the government.
and party rules
The divorce agreement included a
a clause in a legal document stipulating provision that the mother could not
provision n. condition
or requiring some specific thing remarry until the children were 18 years
old.
the branch of government empowered
The president is the chief of the executive
executive branch n. and required to administer the laws and
branch of the American government.
affairs of a nation
The universities directory included two
directory n. A group or body of directors
former presidents.
a governmental body with the power to The legislature makes laws to improve the
legislature n.
make laws for a nation or state life of its citizens.
The only stipulation in the marriage
when someone says exactly how
stipulations n. contract was that the wife will not receive condition
something must be done
any money if they divorce.
instability n. the quality or state of being unstable The instability of the market caused the invunpredictability
The students were expelled from the
an act or state of armed resistance to
rebellions n. university because of their rebellion against
one's government
the government.
After hours of deliberating, the jury failed
consensus n. general agreement
to reach a consensus.
The parents commitment to reading to
the basis on which a thing stands, is
foundations n. their daughter each night built a solid base
founded, or is supported
foundation for her education.
Unit 64

When the nobleman was put in prison, it

nobleman n. a member of the nobility
brought shame to his family.
conqueror n. a person who conquers or vanquishes William the Conqueror was an illegimate s victor
The word 'clash' is a blending of two
blending n. the act of mixing
words: clang and crash.
The continuation of her business was not
continuation n. the act or state of continuing
affected by the riot.
monarchy already defined
The little boy entertained himself by
entertained v. to hold the interest of and give pleasure amuse
watching TV.
The parliament of Great Britain is
an official council usually concerned with
parliament n. composed of the House of Commons and
government or public affairs
the House of Lords.
The parents prohibited their son from
prohibited v. to refuse to permit marrying because he loved someone of a forbid
different race.
indulging one's own desires without The self-indulgent girl buys a new dress
self-indulgent adj hedonistic
restraint and shoe ever y week.
any member of the various Christian
There are many Protestant churches in
Protestant adj. churches established as a result of the
Korea.
Reformation
Martin Luther started the Protestant
reformation n. a reforming or being reformed an improvement
Reformation movement in 1517.
monopoly already defined
a person whose business is buying and The merchant had to close his business
merchant n. trader
selling goods for profit because he continued to lose money.
explorers already defined
to establish a claim by marking the I arrived early at the park to stake out a
stake out v.
location or boundaries of picnic table.
Jane had the opportunity to travel to
opportunities n. an advantageous time to act:
Europe this summer.
dynasty dynasties already defined
Kim Jong Il is known for his lavish
lavish adj more than enough spending despite his country's poor abundant
economic condition.
having or tending to have a short life
short-lived adj The new fad was short-lived. temporal
span or existence
absolute, imperious, or overbearing Germany under the leadership of Hitler
dictatorship n.
power or control became a dictatorship.
Settlement already defined
I will have many enduring memories of my
enduring adj existing for a long time
time in Africa.
a system in which the king or queen's
constitutional power is severely limited, because they Britain is an example of a constitutional
n.
monarchy act on the advice of the politicians who monarchy.
form the government
The installation ceremony of the new
installation n. an installing or being installed
president lasted for three weeks.
Margaret Thatcher was the first woman
the chief executive and, usually, head of
Prime Minister n. and longest serving Prime Minister in
the cabinet
Britain.
Unit 65

During the Industrial revolution, there were

advances n. an improvement many advances in textiles and progress
manufacturing.
The family decided to settle permanentely
permanently adv always and forever
in the United States.
The family spent their weekends working
improvements n. an improving or being improved betterment
on home improvements.
A staggering amount of money was
staggering adj tending to stagger or overwhelm shocking
required to rebuil the house.
The man witnessed the accident from his
witnessed v. to see, observe an incident
office window.

The accident victim made significant

significant adj important momentous
progress in his physical therapy sessions.

rotation more accurate to define crop rotation

the system of varying crops order on the

Crop rotation replenishes the soil with
crop rotation n. same ground to avoid depleting the soil
nutrients.
and to control weeds, diseases, and pests

nutrients already defined

to make less by gradually using up The country's natural resources are rapidly
depleted v.
resources, funds or strength being depleted.
The remedy for the solution was only a
remedy n. something that corrects solution
temporary one.
Low test scores is a crippling problem that
crippling adj. anything that is impaired flawed
is plaguing the school district.
After the bed rest, her strength was
replenished v. to make full or complete again restore
replenished.

something new made or improved with Personal computers were an innovation so

innovations n.
creativity the 1970s, but now they are common.

the act of promoting the growth or The cultivation of his musical skills allowed
cultivation n. foster
development of him to tour the world with the symphony.

The man's offspring's refused to talk to

offspring n. a child or animal as related to its parent a descendant
him.

present, or seeming to be present, Denim jeans are ubiquitous in the United

ubiquitous adj everywhere
everywhere at the same time States; everyone has a pair of jeans.

The court verdict had far-reaching effects

far-reaching adj. having a strong effect or influence
on the way children are educated.

Marriage between a man and a woman in

that cannot be revoked, recalled, or
irrevocably adv the Catholic church become irrevocably unalterable
undone
united.

the processes of making or characteristic The urbanization of Texas is mainly the

urbanization n.
of a city result of European settlement and culture.

The population for the city of Norfolk has

population n. all the people in a country, region
increased 50% in the past 10 years.
to increase suddenly in size, importance, Frisco is the fastest booming city in the
booming v. flourish
or activity United States.
Unit 66

The themes of his songs address the

temporality n. the quality or state of being temporal short-lived
fragility and temporality of life.
the supplying of documents or He could not cross the border because he
documentation n.
supporting references did not have correct documentation.

The effects of the teacher's new methods

tangible adj. having actual form and substance real
were not immediately tangible.

There was much bloodshed after the

bloodshed n. acts of killing and injury battle
battle.
The father was arrested because he
unfriendly or harmful action against
aggression n. continued to show too much aggression assault
someone
against his children.
The policeman disarmed the thief's
disarm v. to take away weapons
weapons.
He incurred many expenses when starting
incurred v. to take on
his new business.
to put something in place and make it The plumber installed a new sink to
installed v.
work replace the broken one.
colonization already defined
The defeated army returned home full of
defeated adj beaten or overcome
shame.
rebellions already defined
to control by shrewd use of influence, The child knew how to manipulate the
manipulate v.
often in an unfair or fraudulent way adults to get what she wanted.
The school faced resistance from parents
opposition of some force or thing to
resistance n. when they tried to institute a mandatory
another or others
uniform policy.
Assimilating the refugees into the new
to absorb groups of different cultures
assimilating v. culture involved much training and
into the main cultural body
educating.
The company's new venture to create a
an undertaking involving uncertainty as
venture n. theme park in the slums was met with endeavor
to the outcome
harsh criticism.
The daughter ran away from home
oppressive adj cruelly overbearing because of her oppressive home tyrannical
environment.
not conforming to approved standards of The employee was fired because of his
unethical adj. dishonest
social or professional behavior unethical sales practices.
the system by which a country maintains The French colonialism inhibited the
colonialism n. foreign colonies in order to exploit them development of indigenous technology in
economically Africa.
The government's attempt to break the
bonds n. anything that binds, fastens, or restrains
bonds of poverty is making strides.
anything given to induce a person to do The prisoner offered a bribe to the guard
bribes n.
something illegal or wrong so that he could break free.
Western countries have been accused of
a person or group whose actions are
puppet n. setting up puppet governments in poor
controlled by someone else
countries.
The young soldier was responsible for
the seizure and control of a country or
occupations n. enforcing the militar y occupation in the
area by military forces
small village.
Unit 67

discussion or consideration of opposing The debate about mandatory school

debate n. deliberation
reasons uniforms still continues today.
a basic social unit consisting of parents
With the divorce rates on the rise, the
nuclear family n. and their dependent children living in
concept of nuclear family is crumbling.
one household
Most men do not have any conception of
conception n. an idea an understanding
how difficult it is to be pregnant.
medieval already defined
a person who is one's equal in age, rank,
peers n. She was much taller than her peers.
ability, or other quality
Her spouse worked and lived in another
spouses n. a husband or wife
state.
The union between the man and woman
union n. marriage
lasted for 50 years.
the meaning that a word can have For some people the word 'pig' has
connotations n. implication
beyond its basic one connotations of 'dirty' and 'smelly'.
items of value to a person, business, or The financial aid was based on her parent's
assets n.
institution assets.
The parents gave their consent for the
consent v. to give permission to give approval
daughter to marry a foreigner.
The Catholic church sanctions sexual
sanctions v. to support to approve
relations after marriage.
Many scientists have pondered what
constitutes v. to make up form
constitutes a healthy marriage.
The Mormon church denounced polygamy
the state or practice of having two or
polygamy n. in 1890, but there are people who still plural marriage
more spouses at the same time
practice it.
to think over again, with a view to When her initial plans failed, she had to
rethink v. reconsider
changing rethink her strategy.

having or showing a tendency to submit The submissive wife cooked and cleaned
submissive adj yielding
without resistance for her husband without complaining.

engaged in one of the learned Doctors, lawyers and engineers are all
professional adj
professions professional careers.
a profession or occupation which one She made a career change when she was
careers n. job
trains for and pursues as a lifework 50 years old.
As an anthropologist, he studies the social
mores n. customs of a people or culture
mores of various cultures.
As an outsider, she was able to see the
outsiders n. one who is outside or not included newcomer
dangers of the current system.
Each scene must be carefully structured
structured v. to put together systematically organize
and rehearsed.
a fixed mental attitude formed by She had a very positive mindset; she saw
Mindset n. disposition
experience, education, or prejudice the good in everyone.
Unit 68

The Enlightenment was characterized by

a philosophical movement of the 18th
the Enlightenment n. innovations in political, religious, and
century
education.
The lawyer was not very rational when he
rational adj. showing reason sensible
presented his argument.
There needs to be equity in education for
equity n. fairness; impartiality all children regardless of their sex, race or justice
religion.
The results per se are positive, but the
Per se adv considered by itself intrinsically
means of achieving it are questionable.
He is a teacher's pet mostly because of his
adherence n. attention to laws, rules obedience
adherence to school rules.
A violation of school rules will result in
Violation n. infringement of a law, rule or right breach
detention.
The child was fully aware of his
Consequences n. the result of doing something
consequences for lying to his parents.
The criminal charges against Jack were
Criminal adj involving or relating to crime
dropped.
Proceedings n. a series of actions in a law court Legal proceedings can take a long time.
The execution of the plan will require the
execution n. carrying out doing
entire team.
a concisely expressed principle or rule of "The early bird catches the worm," is a
maxims n. rules
conduct maxim people should not be lazy.

Statutes of limitations is a statute setting a

statute n. an established rule
time limit on legal action in certain cases.

The army was charged with the task of

justice n. the quality of being right or correct impartiality
bringing justice to the villagers.
She conducted seminars advocating the
advocating n v. to speak or write in support of promoter
rights of children.
a person who espouses or supports a Hillary Clinton is a proponent for universal
Proponents n. supporter
cause healthcare.
William J. Bennett wrote a children's book
virtue n. right action and thinking
on virtues.
fire under fire is more accurate
The school came under fire for its handling
under fire under censure or criticism
of the classroom shooting.
The student's book report was full or
irrelevant adj not pertinent
irrelevant information.

an exchange between individuals, The liaison between the two countries was
liaison n. intermediary
businesses, or governments possible after the marriage of the princess.

A resolution to the conflict did not seem

resolution n. a solution to a problem
possible.
Unit 69

After living in American for 30 years, she

Identity n. who or what something is faced an identity crises when she returned
to her homeland.
By and large, there is not much to be said
By and large idiom in general; on the whole
of the new system.
The new policy addresses the issue of
Addresses v. to deal with discuss
poverty in children.
Some educational theorists believe
Theorists n. One who theorizes education is initiated by students and not a theoretician
teachers.
The current economic situation is reflective
Reflective adj. meditative of the government's management of tax thoughtful
dollars.
City-states already defined
argued v. present logically She argued her case before the judges.
despots n. king with unlimited powers Ivan the Terrible was a Russian despot whoautocrat
An uprising of the people occurred
uprisings n. an outbreak against a government revolt
because of lack of food.
After the bombing, anti-American
sentiments n. a thought, opinion, or judgment attitude
sentiments swept through the countr y.
After taking a sculpting class, she
bent n. an inclination tendency
discovered her artistic bent.
A group of persons forming a cohesive
There were several factions that fought for
factions n. contentious minority within a larger
control of the country.
group
The senator won the endorsement of the
endorsement n. the act of supporting something approval
president.
willing to cause others mental or physical The prisoner of war suffered cruel
cruel adj. vicious
pain treatment during his captivity.
She was sent to jail for her inhumane
inhumane adj unmoved by the suffering of others cruel
treatment of animals.
reasonableness or the possession or use There was no rationality in the way he
rationality n.
of reason behaved in front of the guests.
She favored contemporary over classic
contemporary adj. in the style of the present or recent times modern
designs.
Efficiency is important in a capitalist
capitalist n. an advocate of capitalism
economy.

The teacher made an egregious mistake,

egregious adj outstanding for undesirable qualities flagrant
and the students had to take the test over.

to serve as justification or reasonable Her behavior warranted extreme

warranted v.
grounds for an act or belief disciplinary measures.
Some textile factories exploit children and
exploit v. to treat unfairly, take advantage of make them work under deplorable
conditions.
Unit 70

Address already defined

a point, matter, or question to be The major issues of the campaign were
issues n. concerns
disputed or decided debated extensively.
Dictatorship already defined
the most important part of a matter or Equal rights for women was at the core of
core n. essence
discussion her arguments.
absolute already defined
The father was not the head of the
head n. the person who is foremost or in charge leader
household; the mother was.
the range of operation, authority or All administrative decisions are under the
purview n. range
control purview of the principal.
Due to a drought, the city restricts water
restrict v. put certain limitations on confine
usage.
a form of government in which the ruling Historically, many oligarchies gave the
oligarchy n.
power belongs to a few persons political power to the aristocracy.
The school teaches strategies for using
effectively adv adequate to accomplish a purpose
your memory effectively.
Because he likes to control everything, he
to entrust authority or power to a person
delegate v. does not delegate any responsibilities to authorize
acting as one's agent or representative
his subordinates.
Any type of government where the power
In an authoritarian form of government,
authoritarian n. is placed in a select individual or few
citizens have very limited rights.
individuals
In a republican government, the people
Favoring a republic as the best form of
republican n. have the freedom to elect government
government
officials.
The mother did not allow her daughter to
select v to make a selection choose
select her clothes each day.
She did not live up to her mother's
expectations n. be as good as someone expects
expectations.
His future rests in the outcome of the
rests v To depend rely
jury's decision.
The city government's main goal was to
centralize v to organize under one control
centralize the education system.
The two accounting systems were
incorporated v assimilated integrated
incorporated into one.
the common people of a nation, region, The populace of the city travel to work by
populace n.
or local area, such as a city public transportation.
The girl's behavior required oversight of
oversight n. supervision
her activities.
There was a discrepancy between the price
discrepancies n. lack of agreement on the price tag and what she was actually inconsistency
charged.
The delegates were mandated to vote
mandating v to order someone to do something
against the proposal.

We have taken measures to ensure this

measures n. a procedure; course of action steps
type of accident does not happen again.
Unit 71

the prevailing attitudes, standards, or The city officials wanted to create an

climate n. environmental conditions of a group, ethical political climate and prohibited
period, or place council members from receving any gifts.

a written statement of the beliefs, aims

In their election manifesto, the replublican
Manifesto n. and policies of an organization, especially
party proposed universal healthcare.
a political party
Her desire to help the poor was fueld by
fueled v to provide energy intensify
her religious convictions.

Reasoning based on inconclusive The people had many speculations about

speculations n. conjecture
evidence why the couple had left the country.

a remark about something that you have After making several observations, the
observations n. inspection
noticed teacher gave his student critical advice.
existing in someone or something as a
There was nothing inherently wrong with
inherently adv. permanent and inseparable element, innate
his proposal.
quality, or attribute
He alienated his family by gambling too
alienated v to make an enemy of someone estrange
much.

When the new manager arrived, there was

dissatisfaction n. lack of satisfaction discontent
much dissatisfaction among the workers.

describes something bad that is very

blatantly adv She blatantly told lies, to get her way.
obvious or intentional
There is a big disparity between the rich
disparities n. a difference inequality
and poor.
Members belonging to the proletariat class
proletariat n. ordinary people
usually work in factories.
He broke up with his girlfriend because
bourgeoisie n. upper class her bourgeoisie family would not allow her
to marry him.
happening often in a sudden way,
Everyone loved Jim because he was a lot
spontaneous adj. without any planning or without being
of fun and very spontaneous.
forced
Revolutionary discoveries in science is
revolutionary adj. wanting or causing a complete change innovative
helping people to live longer lives.
a statement about what will happen in The weather man's prediction that it would
predictions n. forecast
the future be sunny today was correct.
In the slums of Brazil, people live in abject
abject adj. in the worst condition, miserable wretched
poverty.
Economic Determinism explains a social
the doctrine that all facts and events structure and culture as a product of the
determinism n.
exemplify natural laws social and technical organization of
economic life.

an object that is made by a person, such

The museum contained many artifacts
artifacts n. as a tool or a decoration, especially one
from the Ming Dynasty.
that is of historical interest

Although she had many shortcomings as a

a fault or a failure to reach a particular
shortcomings n. wife, she was a devoted mother to her a flaw
standard
children.

The upper class oppressed the lower class

oppressed v to govern or treat cruelly and unjustly subjugate
by taking their lands away from them.
Unit 72

He was convicted of the charges and

subsequently adv happening after something else subsequently had to serve 30 years in
prison.
something which exists apart from other
Although the organizations work together,
entities n. things, having its own independent
they are all separate entities.
existence
feudal already defined
the business or trade in a particular The auto market did very poorly last year
markets n.
product, including financial products due to the increase in gas prices.
He was always very motivated and did well
motivated adj. v to want to do something well
at Harvard.
Many people want to maintain the status
status quo n. the way things are now present situation
quo.
to put money into a business idea or
Many people invest in real estate because
invest v activity in the hope of making more
they feel it is a stable market.
money if it is successful
when two or more people or things There was not enough interaction between
interaction n.
interact the teachers and the principal.
progression already defined
money remaining after business expenses She made a big profit selling Christmas
profit n.
are deducted decorations.
disparity already defined
The church distributes free dinners on
distribute v to give out
Thanksgiving Day.
a political belief that says the government
should own and run factories, hospitals, In socialism, the government pays for most
socialism n.
schools with the people sharing in work of the education.
and products
when you work together with someone In kindergarten, one of the learning goals
cooperation n.
or do what they ask you for children is cooperation.
understood without being expressed The businessmen had a tacit agreement to
tacit adj implied
directly share all the profits from the venture.
a public statement of your approval or The CEO gave his endorsement to the
endorsement n. support
support for something or someone republican candidate.
a state of panic, causing a wild display of When she learned of her mother's death,
frenzy n. hysteria
emotion she went into a frenzy.
The politician was disliked for always
agitating v to disturb or excite emotionally arouse
agitating the crowd into a frenzy.
a way in which emotion or energy can be Her career provided no outlet for her
outlets n.
expressed or made use of creative ideas.
The revolutionaries replaced the
regime n. a government, system of ruling establishment
communist regime.
preventing one company from taking
The United States' antitrust laws have kept
antitrust adj. over all the sales of a certain good or monopoly
energy rates down.
service in an effort to control the price
doing the same thing to or for each The project will be mutually beneficial for
mutually adv
other both companies.
belonging to one person, company, or The company has exclusive rights to sell
exclusive adj.
contract the cell phones in Latin America.
Unit 73

a useful or valuable possession or quality The company's resources are its hard
resources n.
of a country, organization or person working employees.

The English course has three components:

components n. a part of a whole of something
literature analysis, grammar and writing.

Macroeconomics deals with the

macroeconomics n. the study of national economies performance, structure, and behavior of a
national economy as a whole.

the study of types of businesses in an Microeconomics studies how individuals,

microeconomics n. economy, rather than the overall households, and firms make decisions to
economy allocate limited resources.

a very small or limited amount of There is a scarcity skilled workers in the

scarcity n.
something country.
Statistics is outside the scope of my math
scope n. the limits or range of something
knowledge.
currency already defined
the desire to purchase, coupled with the The demand for the talking doll was high
demand n.
power to do so during the Christmas holiday.
money which is charged by a bank or
The bank charged 15% interest rate for
interest n. other financial organization for borrowing
the loan.
money
He was laid off from his job and is not
employment n. a job paying a salary or wages job
looking for employment.
the ability or ease with which assets can She likes to buy gold because if its
liquidity n.
be converted into cash liquidity.
to cause something or someone to The tourists converted their American
converted v change
change in form dollars into Euros.
A poll was conducted to gauge the
gauging v to appraise, estimate, or judge
people's interest in the new product.
having physical vigor, energetic good Even at the age of 70, he is robust and
robust adj. healthy
health plays golf every day.
She lacked confidence to pursue a career
confidence n. belief in one's abilities self-esteem
in medicine.
a particular market where stocks and A stock market is a market for the trading
stock market n. stock exchange
bonds are traded of company stock.
a rise in prices and lowering of currency's The inflation was so bad that milk cost
inflation n.
value three times as much.

There was a sharp deflation in automobile

deflation n. drop in prices of goods and services
prices.

saying exactly what must happen,

Most teachers feel the school's policy on
prescriptive adj especially by giving an instruction or
homework is too prescriptive.
making a rule
A certificate of debt issued by a
She invested her money in government
government guaranteeing payment of the
bonds n. bonds rather than stocks because she
original investment plus interest by a
didn't like to take big risks.
specified future date
integral adj necessary Kimchee is integral to the Korean diet. essential
Unit 74

With the evolution of personal computers,

to cause something or someone to
evolution n. people are able to communicate much
develop gradually
more effectively.
After graduating from college, she visited
foreign adj outside one's own country
over 30 foreign countries.
having the ability to grow, expand or The fetus could not viably survive in the
viably adv.
develop mother's womb.
Automakers are competing to develop the
cost-efficient adj productive relative to the cost 
most cost-efficient automobile.
The teacher fostered a love of reading in
fostered v to help to develop nurture
her students.

a person who puts money into a business

The inventor was able to market his
investors n. idea or activity in the hopes of making
product with the help of three investors.
more money if the idea is successful:

Watching too much TV is not conducive

conducive adj helping to produce
developing an intelligent mind.

Although the business was legal, most of

transactions n. to do and complete a business activity
their foreign transactions were illegal.

A union of a man and a wife is called a

unions n. a joining of forces
marriage.
a group of countries, political parties, or The three companies formed an alliance to
alliances n.
people joined for a purpose develop a new drug.
a restriction or total ban on trade with The United States placed an embargo on
embargoes n.
another nation imports from Canada.
The mother decided to cancel her cable
unwanted, often because unpleasant and
offending adj. service because of too many offending TV
causing problems or inconvenience
shows.
American students take a standardized test
to make things of the same type all have
standardized adj each year to asses their academic
the same basic features
achievements.

an unpleasant task or chore that is harder She shopped online because she wanted
hassle n.
than it should be to avoid the hassle of waiting in long lines.

Because of his fluctuating grades, his

fluctuating v adj to change continually parents decided to home school him so to shift
that he could get more individualized help.

The loosening of government control has

spawn v to cause, give life to
spawned many new businesses.

to fight a war or organize a series of The conflict between the two countries
waged v
activities in order to achieve something waged on for decades.

In terms of education, she had an edge

edge n. a small advantage
over the other applicants.
Selling used cars was quite lucrative until
lucrative adj producing a lot of money profitable
the economy faces a recession.
The exploitation of the company's
The act of employing to the greatest
exploitation n. resources was crucial in order for the
possible advantage
company to make a profit.
Unit 75

the body of law dealing with the rights of Divorce cases are covered under civil law
Civil law n.
individual citizens rather than criminal law.

In the United States, the judicial branch of

Judicial adj. related to courts and judges:
the government is the Supreme Court.

to arrange something, such as laws or

Codified v The Babylonians codified the Jewish laws.
rules, into a system
The purpose of the directive was to outline
An order or instruction, especially one
directives n. the procedures for releasing government
issued by a central authority
records to the public.
the legal system in England and most of
the US which has developed over a British common law became the basis of
common law n.
period of time from old customs and law in the United States.
court decisions

the part of the legal system which relates Murder cases are covered under criminal
criminal law n.
to punishing people who break the law law.

The candidate ran on the platform of

platform n. a statement of political beliefs and goals views
lowering taxes.
The inquisitive child asked questions
inquisitive adj asking lots of questions curious
incessantly.
someone who talks to two separate
Because of their hostile relationship, a
people involved in a disagreement to try
mediator n. mediator was required whenever the father go between
to help them to agree or find a solution
visited the child.
to their problems
The witness for the prosecution gave a
the institution and carrying on of legal
prosecution n. convincing testimony against the
proceedings against a person
defendant.
The defense presented an effective
defense n. a defendant and his or her counsel
argument to the judge.
a group of 12 citizens who listen to
information about the problem or crime,
jury n. receive instructions from the judge, and The jury decided the defendant was guilty.
decide the guilt or innocence of the
person on trial
The 'guilty' verdict crushed the man's
verdict n. a decision of guilty or not guilty
family.
law that deals with a private or civil
wrongful act that causes another person
tort law n. Tort law is a branch of civil law.
harm or damage and entitles him or her
to compensation
money, land, etc. received by someone The uncle left a large inheritance to his
inheritance n.
when a relative dies nephews and nieces.
The woman was incarcerated for bank
incarcerate v to put in jail to imprison
robbery.
The police caught the perpetrator right
perpetrator n. a person who commits a crime
after he stole the car.
She was paid $4,000 in compensation for
compensation n. payment in money
her work.
The father decided to quit his job, and the
ramifications n. a result, an effect of an action financial ramifications really affected the consequence
family
The Frisco police department has
jurisdiction n. a specific area of such authority
jurisdiction in the city of Allen as well.
Unit 76

Recorded music was possible with the

set down or registered in a permanent
recorded adj. invention of the phonautograph by
form
Frenchman Leon Scott in 1857.
The landlord and the tenant have a dispute
disputes n. a lawsuit court case
over the rent.
Many consider Bill Clinton to be an expert
orators n. a skilled public speaker orator; his arguments were very
convincing.
Mother Theresa was an advocate for the
advocates n. a worker for a cause supporter
poor.
The government dictates how families
dictated v to say what someone must do to command
must educate their children.
The woman pleaded her husband not to
plead v to request urgently to appeal
leave her.
law used for the internal ecclesiastical The way canon laws are interpreted among
canon law n.
law which governs various churches churches varies.
onset n. the beginning of something The onset of his illness began last year.
With the arrival of the American military,
marginalized v to make less important the host nation's military has been
marginalized.
The new department store brought many
benefit n. a helpful or good effect advantage
benefits to the city.
Orthopedic Surgery is a specialization in
specializations n. the process of specializing
medicine.
prosecution already defined
someone's idea or invention which can be
Most books are protected by intellectual
intellectual property n. protected by law from being copied by
property law.
someone else
when someone comes to live in a Immigration into the United States is
immigration n.
different country getting more difficult.
He recently broke up with his girlfriend,
cropping up v to happen or appear unexpectedly and her name keeps cropping up during
conversations.
It was diffiult to follow the lawyer's
arguments n. a process of reasoning deliberation
arguments.
writing a first or preliminary form of He spent the night drafting his argument
drafting v
something for his case.

the deceased n. the dead person The deceased was taken out of the room.

an object or objects that belong to The park is private property and not open
property n.
someone to the public.

a trial where a judge is charged with The inquisitorial systems seems more
inquisitorial n.
prosecuting the individual before him economic than the American legal system.

The two lawyers were on adversarial sides

adversarial adj. involving opposition or disagreement
of the case.
Unit 77

a difference between two completely There is a dichotomy of what the mother

dichotomy n.
opposite ideas or things says and she does.
monotheistic adj the belief that there is only one god Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
not completely trusting or certain about Her wariness about the doctor's ability
wariness n. carefulness
something or someone caused her to find another doctor.
the belief that there is hidden meaning in
Some factions of mysticism believe you
mysticism n. life or that each human being can unite
can use meditation to reach God.
with God
Her belief that she would be rewarded in
the feeling of certainty that something
beliefs n. heaven allowed her to live a very sacrificial
exists or is true
life.
She espouses the view that women should
espouse v to take up, support, or advocate
have equal rights as men.
Her detachment from her children was the
detachment n. emotional distance only option available to her since losing aloofness
custody of them.
She had rejected several marriage
in Buddhism and Hinduism, the total
karma n. proposals because of the bad karma she
effect of one's behavior during one's life
sensed from the men.
Some religions espouse the idea of
to go beyond, rise above or be more
transcending v transcending above God through
important or better than something
meditation.

the philosophical system advocating a life

of complete simplicity and naturalness
Taoism was started by the Chinese
Taoism n. and of noninterference with the course of
philosopher Lao Tze in 440 BC.
natural events, in order to attain a happy
existence in harmony with the Tao

Accidents are an everyday occurrences on

occurrences n. something that happens
that street corner.
a belief or set of beliefs taught and The Christian advocates the importance of
doctrine n. belief
accepted by a particular group the nuclear family.
the act of controlling and especially Living in the city has many limitations for
limitations n. restraint
reducing something large families.
Her morning routine was very ritualistic--
a set of fixed actions and sometimes
ritualistic adj. she always ate a banana after she brushed habit
words performed regularly
her teeth.
She showed deference to her husband in
deference n. respect for another's preferences concern
planning their vacation.
Many people believe in reincarnation;
rebirth in a new person or form after
reincarnation n. many believe they will reincarnate as an
death
animal.

a doctrine that prohibits the use of force Martin Luther King believed in nonviolence
nonviolence n.
in bringing about political reform in fighting for civil rights.

The menu contained dishes that were a

synthesis n. the mixing of different ideas
synthesis of Asian and Western food.
the influence of uncontrollable forces on It was destiny and not an accident that
destiny n. fate
the course of life and its events brought lovers together.

a system of methods, principles, and rules The teacher used different methodologies
methodologies n.
for regulating a given discipline in teaching her students.
Unit 78

There is a linear relationship between the

Linear adj. connected number hours students sleep and their direct
academic progress.
The interplay of spices gives Korean food
interplay n. action between people or things
their highly flavorful taste.
Most teenagers ask themselves
the part of philosophy that is about
metaphysical adj metaphysical questions such as "What is
understanding existence and knowledge
love?" and "What is death?"
Epistemology is mainly concerned with
the part of philosophy that is about the analyzing the nature of knowledge and
epistemology n.
study of how we know things how it relates to similar notions such as
truth, belief, and justification.
He uses his blog to expound his views on
expound v to comment or talk
same-sex marriage.
In order to become a pastor, most
theology n. the study of God and religion denominations require you study theology
in an academic setting.
The couple advocates the classical roles of
classical adj. proven and accepted
husband and wife.
perspective already defined
Science was a subject that was
troublesome adj causing difficulty
troublesome for the youth.
Reconciling their differences was the key to
reconciling v. to bring into agreement or harmony make compatible
rebuilding the marriage.
theologian n. a scholar of religion Billy Graham is a renowned theologian.

someone who employs empirical The last famous empiricist is David Hume
empiricist n.
methods, as in science (1711-1776) a Scottish philosopher.

The guest made implications that the host

implication n. an indirect suggestion
had cheated on his taxes.
The forefathers started with the premise
premise n. a basis for a line of reasoning assumption
that all men are created equal.

a person who maintains that the real is of

Idealists believes that everything we
idealists n. the nature of thought or that the object
experience is of a mental nature.
of external perception consists of ideas

Jobs with the federal government require a

mental adj related to the mind
mental health examination.
There are many intangible rewards of
intangible adj. not capable of being touched
raising children.
to bring together people or ideas that The husband and wife reconciled after
reconcile v to harmonize
were separated living apart for 20 years.

any of a number of trends or movements Postmodernism is hard to define, because

postmodernism n. in the arts and literature developing in it is a concept that appears in a wide
the 1970s variety of disciplines or areas of study

Philosophy of science is concerned with

the methods of science, with its
presuppositions n. take for granted in advance
characteristic concepts and with its
presuppositions.
Progression already defined
being or going far beneath what is I have had the pleasure of meeting
profoundly adj.
superficial, external, or obvious profoundly gifted children.
Unit 79

Her only vice is that she drinks coffee

vices n. an immoral or evil habit or practice bad habit
every day.

I am amazed at his foolhardiness of going

foolhardiness n. recklessly or thoughtlessly bold
after all 10 gang members by himself.

The girls all admired the bravery of the

bravery n. the quality of being brave
new student.
the theory that human actions derive
Consequentialism is a theory that believes
consequentialism n. their moral worth solely from their
the ends justify the means.
outcomes or consequences

Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism

The belief that the value of a thing or an
utilitarianism n. that believes the moral worth of an action
action is determined by its utility
is determined by its outcome.

One problem with pleasure ccalculus is

calculus n. estimation or computation
that it is dificult to measure pleasure.
She no longer wanted to abide by her
abide v to comply with endure
father's rules.

the branh of ethics that deals with duty, Deontologists believe that ethical rules
deontology n.
moral obligation, and right action "bind you to your duty."

to suggest a theory or idea as a basic The Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, postulated

postulates v principle from which a further idea is that the Earth was at the center of the
formed or developed universe.
He made a categorical statement that he
categorical adj with complete certainty absolute
was telling the truth.
something that demands attention or It is an imperative that we solve the water
imperative n. necessity
action shortage.
The extension of our math knowledge was
extension n. the process of stretching out extent
limited to algebra.

The mother explicitly told her children to

explicitly adv clearly and exactly
clean their room, but they did not obey.

forbidden v to prohibit Smoking is forbidden inside any buildings.

The mother's comments were not

beneficial adj advantageous beneficial when she presented her
arguments for buying a car to her father.

type of prison camp where captured Corrie Ten Boom was sent to a
concentration camp n. soldiers or ordinary people thought to be concentration camp because she tried to
enemies of the state are kept help save Jews.
something which makes a situation more The patient died during surgery due to
complications n.
difficult compilations.

Some scientists are skeptical that humans

skeptical v doubting that something is true or useful
are responsible for global warming.

Despite her shortcomings, James decided

shortcomings n. A deficiency a flaw
to marry her.
Many merchants are ignoring the
especially one which is given in a forceful
edicts n. governments edits about selling alcohol on
and unfair way
Sundays.
Unit 80

Aesthetics already defined

to decide what the intended meaning of
interprets v Many cultures interprets dreams differently.
something is
fascinating adj very interesting I find Asian cultures fascinating. absorbing
He regretted the judgments he made
judgments n. the opinion formed
against the single mothers.
the feeling of being repelled, as by the She felt intense repulsion whenever she
repulsion n. aversion
thought or presence of something went near the man.
something that is or is to be kept in mind The color and texture was an important
considerations n.
in making a decision consideration in their decision.
an occasion at which people who have
great knowledge of a particular subject There was a symposium in Europe on AIDS
symposium n.
meet in order to discuss a matter of and HIV.
interest
The queen bestowed a medal to the
bestow v to give something as an honor or present give
soldier for his bravery.
to guess possible answers when you do
The fire fighter declined to speculate on
speculate v not have enough information to be guess
what started the fire.
certain
One who devotes much time to thought Plato is considered to be one of the great
thinkers n.
or meditation thinkers in history.
genius
The little girl showed great curiosity in
curiosity n. interest in knowing about things
music.
He didn't give a clear account of his
rendering v to become whereabouts, rendering his alibi highly to make
doubtful.
The husband announced he had found a
foolproof adj. not capable of going wrong foolproof way for a successful marriage:
always wash the dishes.

to personal feeling and opinion, rather He hated to argue with his wife because
subjective adj.
than facts her arguments were always subjective.

She was hesitant about buying the dress

hesitant adj. unsure, reluctant
because it was very expensive.
to send or consign to an inferior position, The soldier was relegated to an office
relegate v.
place, or condition position because of his disobedience.
He did not want to vote because he was
indifferent n not caring, without feeling indifferent to what was going on in his apathetic
community.
The divide between the rich and poor
divide n. a difference or separation increased after the new tax laws were
implemented.
He was very agreeable and always did
agreeable adj willing amenable
whatever his teachers told him.
someone whose job is to give their She was a film critic for the daily
Critics n.
opinion about something newspaper.
Universal already defined
A sense of humor, love, and respect are
essential v central, major necessary
essential for a good marriage.
 to make a word or phrase shorter by using
376 abbreviated v. only the first letters of each word
to shorten a word or phrase by leaving out
728 abbreviated adj. letters
the part of the body of a mammal between
312 abdomen n. the thorax and the pelvis
1670 abide v to comply with
1504 abject adj. in the worst condition, miserable

203 abnormalities n. the condition of not being normal

1053 abolished v. to end an activity or custom officially
1080 abruptly adv suddenly
1287 absolute adj certain, definite
1469 absolute already defined
439 absolute zero n. the lowest temperature possible

755 absorbent adj. capable of absorbing moisture

45 absorbing adj. to take in and incorporate

754 absorption n. the state or process of being absorbed

existing as an idea, feeling or quality, not as
909 abstract adj. a material object
632 abundance n. more than enough
1155 academics n. people who study and think
873 accents n. the way in which people pronounce words

600 acceptors n. one who accepts

962 accessible adj. able to be reached or easily obtained
654 accidentally adv happening by chance
949 account v. to give an explanation
1099 accounts n. a report, story
1177 accuracy n. something that is correct and true

825 accustomed adj. familiar with something

a sour, colorless, liquid organic acid found
591 acetic acid n. in vinegar
801 acoustic adj. relating to sound or hearing
323 acquired v. to obtain something

584 acquires v to obtain something

779 acquisition n. an acquiring or being acquired
a Chinese medical procedure that treats
illness by the inserting needles at specified
1057 acupunture n. sites of the body
something added to a substance to improve
80 additives n. it or to preserve it
1465 Address already defined
1445 Addresses v. to deal with
 having a natural ability to do something that
790 adept adj. needs skill
1425 Adherence n. attention to laws, rules
275 administered v. to cause someone to receive something

1258 administration n. control of the business

958 advances n. an improvement

1353 advances n. an improvement

382 advantages n. a more favorable position

963 advent n. the arrival of an event, invention or person
an unusual, exciting and possibly
dangerous activity such as a journey or
1143 adventures n. experience
1618 adversarial adj. involving opposition or disagreement
having a negative or harmful effect on
294 adverse adj. something
1087 advisees n. One that is advised

1085 advisory adj advising or given the power to advise

1601 advocates n. a worker for a cause
1434 advocating n. to speak or write in support of
related to understanding and liking beauty
1182 aesthetic adj and art
1685 Aesthetics already defined

355 afflictions n. something that makes you suffer

998 afterlife n. a life after death
an organization that offers a particular kind
351 agencies n. of assistance
a person or thing that performs an action or
279 agents n. brings about a certain result

888 agents n. a person who acts for or represents another

unfriendly or harmful action against
1380 aggression n. someone
1527 agitating v to disturb or excite emotionally
1704 agreeable adj willing
640 agricultural adj. of farming
971 agriculture n. farming
someone who practices the magical power
or process of transmuting a common
substance, usually of little value, into a
514 alchemists n. substance of great value
1495 alienated v to make an enemy of someone

140 aligned v. to bring into agreement

people who want to work together because
935 alignment n. of shared interests or aims
 a story in which people, things, and
happenings have a hidden or symbolic
1145 allegory n. meaning
to make something bad such as pain or
360 alleviate v. problems less severe

1248 alliances n. group of countries joined for a purpose

a group of countries, political parties, or
1565 alliances n. people joined for a purpose
a metal that is made by mixing two or more
130 alloys n. metals
A mixture or solid solution of two or more
513 alloys n. metals
a painted or carved screen behind or above
the altar or communion table in Christian
1210 altarpiece n. churches
to make different in details but not in
362 alter v. substance
101 alternative n. another choice
41 altitude n. distance above sea level

105 altitude n. height above sea level

any alloy of mercury with another metal or
512 amalgams n. other metals
the distance between the top and the base
816 amplitudes n. of a curve
this process as a method of studying the
739 analysis n. nature of something

1195 anatomical adj. of or connected with anatomy

1205 anatomist n. a specialist in anatomy
176 anatomy n. the structure of a living thing

301 anesthesiologist n. a doctors who administers anesthetics

An agent that causes loss of sensation with
182 anesthetics n. or without the loss of consciousness
An agent that causes loss of sensation with
304 anesthetics n. or without the loss of consciousness

267 annihilated v. to destroy completely so that nothing is left

a medicine or chemical that can destroy
harmful bacteria in the body or limit their
149 antibiotic n. growth
any chemical substances that is able to
367 antibiotics n. inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria
a protein produced in the blood which fights
diseases by attacking and killing harmful
278 antibodies n. bacteria
a substance that prevents the clotting of
371 anticoagulants n. blood
 369 antifungals n. destroying or inhibiting the growth of fungi
1166 antiquity n. the time of ancient societies
a chemical used for preventing infection in
183 antiseptics n. an injury
preventing infection, decay by inhibiting the
306 antiseptics adj. action of microorganisms
a chemical used for preventing infection in
457 antiseptics n. an injury
preventing one company from taking over
all the sales of a certain good or service in
1530 antitrust adj. an effort to control the price
892 appalling adj. shocking and very bad
a set of equipment or tools or machines
88 apparatuses n. which is used for a particular purpose
an electrical machine that is used in the
75 appliances n. home
495 application n. anything applied
a way of applying or method of applying or
630 applications n. using
804 applications n. The capacity of being usable
an office, position, or the like, to which a
1297 appointment n. person is appointed

1215 apprehension n. worry, fear

one who is learning a skill or trade from an
1209 apprentice n. expert
647 aptly adv suitable or right for a particular situation

1043 aqueducts n. a structure for carrying water across land

646 aqueous adj. of, like, or containing water
someone who studies objects of people
218 archaeologists n. who lived in the past
a trained professional who designs
buildings and is often in charge of their
1206 architect n. construction
1271 architects already defined
the science, art, or profession of designing
995 architecture n. and constructing buildings, bridges

26 arcs n. a bowlike curved line or object

1449 argued v. present logically
1613 arguments n. a process of reasoning
1120 aristocracy n. a privileged ruling class
1286 aristocrats n. member of the aristocracy
the part of mathematics that involves the
992 arithmetic n. adding and multiplying
an official council usually concerned with
1333 arliament n. government or public affairs
1069 armada n. a fleet of warships
1212 arrangement n. something made by putting things together:

802 articulatory adj. the act or process of articulating speech

an object that is made by a person, such as
a tool or a decoration, especially one that is
1506 artifacts n. of historical interest
252 artificially adv. made by people

655 artificially adv made by human work or art

very large guns that are moved on wheels
1213 artillery n. or metal tracks
1272 artisans n. A skilled manual worker
908 aspects n. a component part or quality
1227 assassinated v. to kill someone famous or important
1019 assembly n. a legislative body
items of value to a person, business, or
1407 assets n. institution
to absorb groups of different cultures into
1389 assimilating v. the main cultural body

943 assimilation n. The process of becoming similar to

a connection in the mind between ideas,
792 association n. sensations, memories,
649 assume v to take on or put on

582 assumes v to take on or put on

a scientist who studies heavenly bodies and
1204 astronomer n. outer space

980 astronomy n. the science of the stars and planets

993 astronomy already defined
876 asymmetry n. lack of similarity
543 atmosphere n. the air in any given place

271 at-risk adj. Being endangered

the act of attracting or condition of being
643 attraction n. attracted
648 attraction already defined
a quality or characteristic that someone or
561 attribute n. something has
932 attributed v. be the reason for
1142 attributed v. be the reason for
803 auditory adj. of or having to do with hearing
Any type of government where the power is
placed in a select individual or few
1476 authoritarian n. individuals
1060 authority n. to be in charge
1141 authorship n. with reference to an author
847 auxiliary adj. supplemental
 86 aviation n. the art or science of flying airplanes
516 banned v. to prohibit
1291 Barbaric adj. wild, uncivilized
910 bare adj. scarcely or just sufficient
any compound that can react with an acid
611 base n. to form a salt

87 BCE before the common (or Christian) era

the feeling of certainty that something exists
1624 beliefs n. or is true

361 beneficial adj. producing benefits

1678 beneficial adj advantageous

1607 benefit n. a helpful or good effect
1453 bent n. an inclination
1692 bestow v to give something as an honor or present
1187 biblical adj in keeping with or according to the Bible
60 binocular adj. using both eyes at the same time
binomial
5 nomenclature n. a formal system of naming species
the scientific study of the chemistry of living
653 biochemistry n. things

831 biographical adj. giving the story of a person's life

650 biological adj. pertaining to biology
1011 birthplace n. the place where something originated
describes something bad that is very
1497 blatantly adv obvious or intentional
1077 blending v. To combine
1329 blending n. the act of mixing
invasion of the blood by toxic matter or
156 blood poisoning n. microorganisms
The flexible tubular canals through which
330 blood vessels n. blood circulates in the body
1379 bloodshed n. acts of killing and injury
the blood flowing through the circulatory
365 bloodstream n. system of a body
63 blur v. become difficult to see clearly
885 body n. the main or central part of anything

554 bonds n. the attraction between atoms in a molecule

1394 bonds n. anything that binds, fastens, or restrains
A certificate of debt issued by a government
guaranteeing payment of the original
investment plus interest by a specified
1553 bonds n. future date
to increase suddenly in size, importance, or
1374 booming v. activity
 213 botanical adj. of plants and plant life

1500 bourgeoisie n. upper class

827 Braille n. a system of printing and writing for the blind

1666 bravery n. the quality of being brave
663 breakthrough n. a strikingly important advance or discovery
anything given to induce a person to do
1395 bribes n. something illegal or wrong
the basic things that are put together to
605 building blocks n. make something exist
474 bullion n. gold or silver in the form of bars

380 burden v. to weigh down

852 bureaucratic adj. arbitrary and routine

1444 By and large idiom in general; on the whole
something that is produced as a result of
455 by-products n. making something else
to determine or ascertain by mathematical
960 calculating v. methods
1669 calculus n. estimation or computation
a person who uses highly decorative
1273 calligraphers n. handwriting
1240 camaraderie n. a good feeling of togetherness
a planned group of activities which are
1252 campaign n. intended to achieve a particular aim
a malignant new growth anywhere in the
200 cancerous adj. body of a person or animal
law used for the internal ecclesiastical law
1604 canon law n. which governs various churches
578 capabilities n. the quality of being capable
the total amount that can be contained or
428 capacity n. produced

441 capillarity n. the state of being of or like a hair

1460 capitalist n. an advocate of capitalism
to record or take a picture of something
747 captured v using a camera

one of several substances such as sugar or

695 Carbohydrates n. starch, which provide the body with energy,
a poisonous compound used as a
308 carbolic acid n. disinfectant and antiseptic

456 carcinogenic adj. describes a substance which causes cancer

334 cardiovascular adj. relating to the heart
 a profession or occupation which one trains
1415 careers n. for and pursues as a lifework
515 carroting n. a process of separating fur from the hide.
to form by pouring metal, plaster, etc., in a
249 casting n. fluid state into a mold and letting it harden
a large building or group of buildings with
thick walls and other defenses against
1090 castles n. attack
950 catalog v. classify
247 catastrophic adj. a sudden and widespread disaster
1673 categorical adj with complete certainty
to put people or things into groups with the
602 categorize v same features
1089 cathedrals n. A large, important church
628 cation n. a positively charged ion
1230 cavalry n. soldiers trained to fight on horseback
517 cavities n. a hollow place in a tooth caused by decay
1184 celebrate v. to honor
1278 celebrated adj much spoken of
A disaccharide that is produced from the
710 cellobiose n. partial hydrolysis of cellulose
1481 centralize v to organize under one control
of or pertaining to the blood vessels of the
328 cerebrovascular adj. brain
1096 certainty n. that is certain
480 certification n. a certified statement

something needing great mental or physical

357 challenges n. effort in order to be done successfully
839 championing v to fight for or support
1303 chancellor n. a high government official
431 characteristic adj. of or constituting the special character

12 characteristics n. a distinguishing feature or quality

to put electricity into an electrical device
405 charged adj. such as a battery
31 charged particles n. a particle with an electric charge
340 chartered v. to establish a local branch or chapter
188 chemotherapy n. the treatment of diseases using chemicals

151 chicken pox n. an acute, contagious viral disease

1245 chiefdom n. the rank or office of a chief
1249 chieftains n. the leader of a tribe
the noble qualities a knight was supposed
to have, such as courage, honor, and a
readiness to help the weak and protect
1108 chivalry n. women
a chemical compound that is a mixture of
448 chlorides n. chlorine and another substance
 to pass chlorine into water or sewage for
454 chlorination n. purification
a greenish-yellow gas with a strong smell,
which is added to water in order to kill
443 chlorine n. organisms that might cause infection
1083 Christianity n. the Christian religion
the separation of mixtures into their
671 chromatography n. constituents
relating to certain fine structures of the
57 ciliary adj. eyeball
mercuric sulfide, HgS, a heavy, bright-red
507 cinnabar n. mineral, the principal ore of mercury
to make something move around or through
767 circulated v something
the number of copies of each issue of a
1158 circulation n. newspaper, magazine, etc., distributed
550 circumstances n. accompanying or surrounding detail
any of a group of plants which produce juicy
590 citrus n. acidic fruits
in the ancient world, a city and the area
1015 city-states n. around it with an independent government
1448 City-states already defined
the body of law dealing with the rights of
1577 Civil law n. individual citizens
1259 civil officers n. government employee
1148 civil war n. a war between groups in a country
social organization of a high order, marked
by the development and use of a written
language and by advances in the arts and
973 civilizations n. sciences, government,
describes a society or country that has a
highly developed system of government,
1162 civilized adj. culture and way of life
1647 classical adj. proven and accepted
the group or body of ordained persons in a
1124 clergy n. religion
771 clichés n. A trite or overused expression or idea
the prevailing attitudes, standards, or
environmental conditions of a group, period,
1489 climate n. or place
331 clot n. an almost solid lump
843 coalesced v. to unite or merge into a single body
a system in which arbitrarily chosen words,
letters, or symbols are assigned definite
735 code n. meanings
to arrange something, such as laws or
1579 Codified v rules, into a system
859 codify v. systematize, classify

872 coherence n. the quality of being clear

 555 cohesively adv. well-integrated

276 coined v. create a phrase

563 collisions n. coming together with sudden, violent force

877 colloquial adj. having to do with or like conversation

the system by which a country maintains
foreign colonies in order to exploit them
1393 colonialism n. economically
865 colonization n. establishing a colony or colonies in
1384 colonization already defined

415 column n. a vertical row or list

a tall vertical stone post which is used as a
support for a roof or in classical buildings
1027 columns n. for decoration
a mixture obtained when two or more things
397 combination n. are combined
1009 commission v. to give power or authority to
1186 commissioned v. authorization to do a certain duty or task
1265 commissioned already defined
a substance or product that can be traded,
471 commodities n. bought or sold

the legal system in England and most of the

US which has developed over a period of
1581 common law n. time from old customs and court decisions

319 communicable adj. able to be given from one person to another

61 compensate v. to make equivalent

1594 compensation n. payment in money
when someone is trying to win something or
396 competition n. be more successful than someone else
696 complexity n. the state or quality of being complex
something which makes a situation more
167 complications n. difficult
something which makes a situation more
1680 complications n. difficult
a part which combines with other parts to
906 components n. form something bigger

1535 components n. a part of a whole of something

625 composition n. the makeup of a thing or person

433 compositions n. a mixture of several parts or ingredients

a chemical that combines two or more
67 compounds n. elements
 444 compounds n. to make by combining parts or elements
complete and including everything that is
364 comprehensive adj. necessary
392 compulsory adj. that must be done
a substance that has been that has been
225 concentrated adj. made denser
type of prison camp where captured
soldiers or ordinary people thought to be
1679 concentration camp n. enemies of the state are kept
488 concentrations n. strength or density, as of a solution
1401 conception n. an idea

520 concern v to have a relation to or bearing on

an alphabetical list of the chief words used
in a book or by a writer, with the passages
955 concordances n. in which they occur identified or cited
a reaction between two molecules leading
to the formation of a larger molecule by
eliminating of a simple molecule such as
708 condensation n. water
the act of training a person or animal so
that they do a particular thing without
783 conditioning n. thinking about it
1562 conducive adj helping to produce

545 conducted v To direct the course of

466 conductivity n. to allow electricity or heat to go through
a formal meeting of a number of people for
346 conferences n. discussion or consultation
A woman to whom secrets or private
1263 confidante n. matters are disclosed
1548 confidence n. belief in one's abilities

579 configure v to construct or arrange in a certain way

667 confirmation n. something that confirms or proves
a person with much knowledge of fine
1282 connoisseur n. things
the meaning that a word can have beyond
1406 connotations n. its basic one
1328 conqueror n. a person who conquers or vanquishes
someone who has conquered a country or
1037 conquerors n. its people
1324 consensus n. general agreement
1408 consent v. to give permission
1427 Consequences n. the result of doing something
the theory that human actions derive their
moral worth solely from their outcomes or
1667 consequentialism n. consequences

285 consequentially adv. of consequence or importance

 734 Consequentially adv having consequence

385 considerably adv. worth considering

886 considerations n. careful thought or attention

A factor to be considered in forming a
917 considerations n. judgment or decision
something that is or is to be kept in mind in
1690 considerations n. making a decision
558 constant adj. staying the same
unable to empty your bowels as often as
222 constipation n. you should

887 constituent adj. one of the parts that a substance is made of

1410 constitutes v. to make up
341 constitution n. a decree, regulation, or custom
the principles and rules, set forth in a
1311 constitution n. written document, governing a country
a system in which the king or queen's
power is severely limited, because they act
constitutional on the advice of the politicians who form the
1349 monarchy n. government

501 consumption n. a consuming or being consumed

277 contagious adj. spread by direct or indirect contact

to check the power, expansion, or influence
272 contained v. of
when something or someone harmful is
257 containment n. controlled and limited
to spoil the purity of something or make it
243 contaminated adj. poisonous
of or in the style of the present or recent
858 contemporary adj. times
1459 contemporary adj. in the style of the present or recent times

the text or speech that comes immediately

before and after a particular phrase or piece
921 context n. of text and helps to explain its meaning

723 continuation n. continued and unbroken existence or action

1330 continuation n. the act or state of continuing

180 contracting v. to catch, or become ill with, a disease

when something becomes smaller or
58 contraction n. shorter
a device that looks awkward or old-
fashioned, especially one that you do not
1218 contraptions n. know how to use
 to compare two people or things in order to
1153 contrasted v. show the differences between them
386 contribute v. to give something
661 contributed v to give or furnish
829 controversial adj. stirring up controversy
a prolonged public dispute, debate, or
contention; disputation concerning a matter
518 controversy n. of opinion

3 convention n. a method
a representative party assembly to
nominate candidates and adopt platforms
1316 convention n. and party rules
53 converge v. to come together
679 conversion n. change in character, form, or function
to cause something or someone to change
1545 converted v in form
48 converts v. to change from one form or use to another
to express a thought, feeling or idea so that
760 conveyed v it is understood by other people
937 convictions n. a strong belief
when you work together with someone or
1523 cooperation n. do what they ask you
the most important part of a matter or
1468 core n. discussion
54 cornea n. the transparent outer covering of the eye

174 corpses n. a dead body

984 corpses n. a dead body, usually of a person
612 corrosive adj. causing damage by chemical action
a powder, lotion, lipstick, rouge, or other
preparation for beautifying the face, skin,
486 cosmetics n. hair, nails, etc
to cause someone to lose or destroy
531 cost v something valuable
1559 cost-efficient adj productive relative to the cost
a group of people called together for
1086 council n. consultation, discussion, advice
1266 counsel n. advice given by an expert
the number of pairs of electrons that an
576 covalent adj. atom can share with its neighboring atoms
1109 coveted v. to desire something strongly

981 craftsmen n. a person who is skilled in a particular craft

to give credit to or deserved commendation
352 credited v. for
1428 Criminal adj involving or relating to crime
the part of the legal system which relates to
1582 criminal law n. punishing people who break the law
1364 crippling adj. anything that is impaired or flawed
 someone whose job is to give their opinion
1705 Critics n. about something
the system of varying crops order on the
same ground to avoid depleting the soil and
1360 crop rotation n. to control weeds, diseases, and pests

1612 cropping up v to happen or appear unexpectedly

a small group which is representative of all
878 cross-sections n. the different types within the total group
1231 crowned v. To confer honor, dignity, or reward upon
oil in a natural state that has not yet been
102 crude n. treated
willing to cause others mental or physical
1456 cruel adj. pain
any of various types of animal which live in
713 crustaceans n. water and have a hard outer shell
115 crystallize v. to form into crystals
the science dealing with crystallization and
672 crystallography n. the forms and structure of crystals

664 culprit n. a person guilty of a crime or offense

the act of promoting the growth or
1367 cultivation n. development of
977 cuneiform n. a form of writing used by the Sumerians
1696 curiosity n. interest in knowing about things
the money that is used in a particular
470 currency n. country at a particular time
the money used to pay for goods and
1054 currency n. services in a country
1540 currency already defined
880 cursory adj. quick and probably not detailed
705 dairy adj. a product made with milk
making you feel slightly frightened or
worried about your ability to achieve
823 daunting adj. something
to cause something to be no longer active
282 deactivated v. or effective
533 deadly adv. causing death or likely to cause death
discussion or consideration of opposing
1399 debate n. reasons

237 debilitating adj. to make weak or feeble

544 decay v to become gradually damaged
1007 deceased adj. dead
119 decelerates v. to go more slowly; to reduce speed
to translate a message in code into
729 deciphered v ordinary, understandable language
104 declines v. to lessen in force
personal devotion or commitment to
1107 dedication n. something
1126 deemed v. To have as an opinion
1385 defeated adj beaten or overcome
someone who protects a place against
1306 defenders n. attack
1587 defense n. a defendant and his or her counsel
1634 deference n. respect for another's preferences
324 deficiency n. lack of what is needed
1293 deficient adj not enough
1551 deflation n. drop in prices of goods and services
to entrust authority or power to a person
1475 delegate v. acting as one's agent or representative
the desire to purchase, coupled with the
1541 demand n. power to do so
712 demanding adj. requiring of a lot of time or effort
1253 demolished v. to destroy
629 demonstrate v to make clear
570 density n. the quality or condition of being dense
the branh of ethics that deals with duty,
1671 deontology n. moral obligation, and right action
to make less by gradually using up
1362 depleted v. resources, funds or strength
50 depth n. the quality of being deep
to get or obtain something from something
532 derived v else
1097 derived v. to get or receive something from a source
1261 descendants n. someone born into a certain family line

811 designates v to point out

482 desirability n. worth having or wanting

1450 despots n. king with unlimited powers
the influence of uncontrollable forces on the
1638 destiny n. course of life and its events

897 detached adj. separated

1626 detachment n. emotional distance

738 detailed adj. giving a lot of information with many details

192 detect v. To discover or ascertain the existence

the doctrine that all facts and events
1505 determinism n. exemplify natural laws

327 detrimental adj. causing harm

521 detrimental adj. causing damage

1301 devastated adj destroyed completely
320 devastating adj. causing a lot of damage or destruction
837 devastating adj. causing a lot of damage or destruction
1159 devotion n. dedication
a disease in which the body cannot control
335 diabetes n. the level of sugar in the blood
186 diagnoses v. to identify a disease
to recognize and name the exact character
193 diagnosing v. of a disease or a problem
a form of a language that people speak in a
842 dialects n. particular part of a country
a difference between two completely
1620 dichotomy n. opposite ideas or things
1602 dictated v to say what someone must do
absolute, imperious, or overbearing power
1346 dictatorship n. or control
1467 Dictatorship already defined
595 digestion n. when your body digests food
1163 dignity n. self-respect, a calm and formal manner

a vowel sound in which the tongue changes

854 diphthongs n. position to produce the sound of two vowels
An order or instruction, especially one
1580 directives n. issued by a central authority
1319 directory n. A group or body of directors

235 disabled adj. not in proper working order

A class of sugars composed of two
698 disaccharides n. glycosidically linked monosaccharides.
a condition or situation which causes
381 disadvantages n. problems
1381 disarm v. to take away weapons

1025 discernible adj. capable of being discerned

1103 disciples n. an early follower of Jesus
1063 discipline n. control of the mind and body

1485 discrepancies n. lack of agreement

serious disorder that is inherited or caused
1121 disease n. by infection or bad living conditions

256 disfiguring adj. to hurt the appearance or attractiveness of

184 disinfecting v. to destroy the harmful bacteria and viruses
453 Disinfection n. to destroy the harmful bacteria

946 disparities n. a lack of equality and similarity

1498 disparities n. a difference
1520 disparity already defined
1113 dispersed v. vanished
the breaking up of light into component
122 dispersion n. colored rays, as by means of a prism
1222 dispersion n. a spread over an area
76 disposable adj. intended to be thrown away after use
 656 disproved v to prove to be false or in error
1599 disputes n. a lawsuit
a condition of being broken down and
1279 disrepair n. needing to be fixed

162 disrupting v. to throw into confusion or disorder

368 disrupting v. to interrupt the orderly course of

1496 dissatisfaction n. lack of satisfaction

891 dissected v. cut up into parts

173 dissection n. the process of cutting apart piece by piece
424 dissolve v. to make or become liquid; liquefy; melt
1114 dissolved v. to break up

492 distillate n. liquid obtained by distilling

to notice or understand the difference
930 distinguished v. between two things
896 distraction n. anything that distracts
1521 distribute v to give out
1138 diverse adj different from each other
The act or an instance of diverting or
1214 diversions n. turning aside

1703 divide n. a difference or separation

a belief or set of beliefs taught and
1631 doctrine n. accepted by a particular group
the supplying of documents or supporting
1377 documentation n. references
to tame wild animals and breed for human
974 domesticate v. use
holding the most important position or
1194 dominant adj. greatest influence
601 donor n. a person who donates
the amount of medicine that you should
157 dosage n. take at one time
1048 downfall n. a sudden fall, as from prosperity or power
something that causes a fall from power or
1256 downfall n. a high position

541 downside n. the disadvantage of a situation

writing a first or preliminary form of
1614 drafting v something
severe and sudden or having very
263 drastic adj. noticeable effects

185 drastically adv. having a strong or violent effect

377 drawbacks n. the negative part of a situation

552 droplets n. a small drop of liquid
 that can be stretched, drawn, or hammered
465 ductility n. thin without breaking
able to last a long time without being
74 durable adj. damaged
592 dyes n. A substance used to color materials
756 dynamics n. the various forces operating in any field
series of family members who hold power in
1055 dynasties n. politics or business
1343 dynasty dynasties already defined
1573 edge n. a small advantage
especially one which is given in a forceful
1683 edicts n. and unfair way
1474 effectively adv adequate to accomplish a purpose

1461 egregious adj outstanding for undesirable qualities

containing a lot of careful detail or many
1005 elaborate adj. detailed parts
1268 elaborate adj complex
461 elasticity n. the quality of being flexible
1018 elected adj. to decide by voting

the point at which an electric current enters

812 electrodes n. or leaves something, for example, a battery
the use of an electric current to cause
451 electrolysis n. chemical change in a liquid
638 electrolytes n. electrically charged substances

195 electromagnetic adj. having magnetic and electrical parts

132 electron n. a part of the atom with a negative charge
microscope that uses electrons as a way to
electron illuminate and create an image of a
537 microscopes n. specimen
528 electronegative adj. having a negative electrical charge

37 electrons n. the lightest particle with an electric charge

an extremely small piece of matter with a
408 electrons n. negative electrical charge

642 electrostatic adj. of or pertaining to static electricity

1168 elegance n. the quality of being graceful
an element is a substance that is made
402 elements n. entirely from one type of atom

258 eliminated v. get rid of

1062 eliminated v. to remove or get rid of
370 eliminates v. get rid of

28 emanating v. to send forth

 to use chemicals to prevent a dead body
983 embalmed v. from decaying
a restriction or total ban on trade with
1566 embargoes n. another nation
1135 emergence n. the process of appearing
753 emissions n. something emitted
29 emits v. to send out
A political unit having an extensive territory
or comprising a number of territories or
nations and ruled by a single supreme
1036 empires n. authority
someone who employs empirical methods,
1652 empiricist n. as in science
1543 employment n. a job paying a salary or wages

670 encoding v to convert information into code

901 encompass v. to include, especially a variety of things

794 encountered v to meet with

to make someone more likely to do
347 encourages v. something

840 endeavor n. an earnest attempt

a public statement of your approval or
1525 endorsement n. support for something or someone
1455 endorsement n. the act of supporting something
to think of as having some quality or
1185 endowed v. characteristic
990 endured v. to continue to exist for a long time
1348 enduring adj existing for a long time
the science concerned with putting scientific
96 engineering n. knowledge to practical uses
the scientific planning of a machine, road,
996 engineering n. bridge

499 enormous adj. greatly exceeding the common size

1332 entertained v. to hold the interest of and give pleasure to
948 entirety n. with nothing missing
something which exists apart from other
things, having its own independent
1511 entities n. existence

954 entry n. the recording of an item

432 environmental adj. relating to the environment

1169 envisioned v. to have in mind
a long narrative poem in a dignified style
about the deeds of a traditional or historical
1028 epic n. hero or heroes
 a disease that spreads quickly among many
178 epidemics n. people
a disease that spreads quickly among many
234 epidemics n. people
845 epidemics adj. Widely prevalent
the part of philosophy that is about the
1644 epistemology n. study of how we know things
627 equated v to make equal or equivalent

1423 equity n. fairness; impartiality

251 eradicate v. to get rid of completely

to get rid of completely or destroy

254 eradication n. something bad
353 eradication n. to get rid of; wipe out
1625 espouse v to take up, support, or advocate
828 espousing adj. adopt or embrace a cause
1707 essential v central, major
911 essentials n. something fundamental
287 ethics n. a system of moral standards or values
1023 ethics n. a system of moral standards or values

959 etymological adj. the study of the origin and history of words
634 evaporated v to change a liquid or solid into vapor
to cause a liquid to change to a gas,
427 evaporates v. especially by heating
to cause a liquid to change to a gas,
434 evaporation n. especially by heating
to cause something or someone to develop
1556 evolution n. gradually
to make something seem larger, more
291 exaggerated v. important, better or worse than it really is
1042 excelled v. to be extremely good at something
44 exceptional adj. unusually excellent
belonging to one person, company, or
1532 exclusive adj. contract
967 exclusively adv. only
240 excrementally adv. waste matter discharged from the body
1430 execution n. carrying out
the branch of government empowered and
required to administer the laws and affairs
1318 executive n. of a nation
very good and suitable to be copied by
1017 exemplary adj. other people
to be or give a typical example of
551 exemplified v something
1081 exodus n. a going out or forth in a large group
any hard, external, supporting structure, as
714 exoskeletons n. the shell of an oyster
 when something increases in size, number
587 expansion n. or importance
someone who does not live in their own
938 expatriate n. country
929 expectations n. a thing looked forward to
1479 expectations n. be as good as someone expects
a journey made by a group organized and
1071 expeditions adj equipped for a special purpose
786 expertise n. a high level of knowledge or skill

1676 explicitly adv clearly and exactly

1463 exploit v. to treat unfairly, take advantage of

388 exploitation n. use for profit

The act of employing to the greatest
1575 exploitation n. possible advantage
one who explores an unknown or little-
1068 explorers n. known region
1340 explorers already defined
a substance that can explode, as
608 explosives n. gunpowder
1645 expound v to comment or talk
1197 exquisite adj delicate, finely made
1267 exquisite already defined
1675 extension n. the process of stretching out

956 extensive adj. having a great range

603 extent n. area or length
1100 extract v. to draw out by effort
262 extracted v. to remove or take out something
775 extraneous adj. not pertinent
438 extraordinarily adv. very unusually
the process in which plastic films and bags
81 extrusion n. are made
to cut or make polished plane surfaces on a
108 faceted v. gem
A group of persons forming a cohesive
1454 factions n. contentious minority within a larger group
any of the circumstances or conditions that
676 factors n. bring about a result
1122 famine n. an acute and general shortage of food
1370 far-reaching adj. having a strong effect or influence
860 fascinating adj. extremely interesting
1687 fascinating adj very interesting
154 fatal adj. causes death
describes a film or television play that is 90
834 feature-length adj. or more minutes long
the solid waste excreted from the body of a
241 fecal adj. human or animal through the bowels
 an association of persons having similar
1105 fellowship n. tastes
to breakdown complex molecules in organic
compounds, caused by the influence of a
660 ferment v ferment
a natural or chemical substance which is
spread on the land or given to plants, to
607 fertilizers n. make plants grow well
641 fertilizers already defined
relating to a political and social system in
which a king and the people of the upper
classes owned the land and people of the
1091 feudal adj. lower classes worked it
1512 feudal already defined
a political and social system in which a king
and the people of the upper classes owned
the land and people of the lower classes
1116 feudalism n. worked it
a slender, threadlike structure made from a
69 fibers n. mineral or synthetically
under feudalism, land held from a lord in
1119 fiefs n. return for service
to provide the money needed for something
399 finance v. to happen

1307 financing v. to supply with money or capital

1437 fire under fire is more accurate

635 flavoring n. something that gives flavor

a group of ships, or all of the ships in a
991 fleet n. country's navy

25 flicker v. to move quickly

1056 flourish v. to become rich, grow strong

1570 fluctuating v to change continually

769 fluidity n. the quality or state of being fluid
525 fluorescent adj. possessing the property of fluorescence

1665 foolhardiness n. recklessly or thoughtlessly bold

1698 foolproof adj. not capable of going wrong

1677 forbidden v to prohibit
1557 foreign adj outside one's own country
the art or study of argumentation and formal
818 forensics n. debate
964 formation n. the way something is naturally made
700 formula n. a rule in science in science or math
to develop all the details of a plan for doing
599 formulated v something
1093 fortified v. to make strong or stronger
a group of buildings surrounded by high
1078 forts n. walls and used for military purposes
1560 fostered v to help to develop
the basis on which a thing stands, is
1325 foundations n. founded, or is supported
338 founded v. to set up
1020 founded v. To establish or set up

1172 founding adj To establish or set up

487 fractions n. A small part

1314 fraternity n. a group of people with the same beliefs

91 free-floating adj. capable of free movement; not bound

724 free-floating adj. lacking an apparent cause

the temperature at which water becomes
571 freezing point n. ice
a state of panic, causing a wild display of
1526 frenzy n. emotion

1188 frescos n. painting on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling

a crystalline monosaccharide found in
703 Fructose n. sweet fruits and in honey
1491 fueled v to provide energy
something which results from something
933 function n. else
623 fundamentals n. the main or most important rules or parts
money given by a government or
343 funding n. organization for an event or activity
one of the five kingdoms of animial and
16 fungi n. plant classification
659 furthered adj. additional

704 Galactose n. a common monosaccharide found in milk

1134 game n. wild animals, birds, and fishes

36 gaseous adj. having the form of gas

of, having the nature of, or in the form of,
566 gaseous adj. gas
1546 gauging v to appraise, estimate, or judge
a jewel or precious stone, usu. cut into a
107 gems n. shape:

574 generality n. the condition or quality of being general

805 generated v to cause something to exist

722 generation n. all the people born around the same time
 All of the offspring that are at the same
1173 generations n. stage of descent from a common ancestor
a machine that converts one form of energy
494 generator n. into another
1144 generosity n. readiness to give
669 genetic adj. of or having to do with genetics
1201 genius n. very great and rare natural ability or skill
1242 genius n. a person of great intelligence and ability
1695 genius
a specific type of literature, art, or music
1149 genres n. grouped according to a style or subject
1288 Gentry n. people of high social standing
7 genus n. a type of classification
356 geographic adj. of a particular location
the scientific study of the earth's surface,
994 geography n. features, climate, people

651 geological adj. pertaining to geology

characterized by or using straight lines,
triangles, circles, or similar regular shapes
123 geometric adj. or forms

711 germinating v to start developing

536 give off v to put forth
to collect information in small amounts and
925 glean v. often with difficulty
a type of sugar which is found in plants,
especially fruit, and which supplies an
701 glucose n. important part of the energy animals need
924 govern v. to influence the action or conduct of
the action, manner, function, or power of
1051 governance n. government
391 government-funded adj. receiving money from the government
1165 grandeur n. splendor, beauty on a large scale
83 granules n. a small grain-like piece of something
the force that makes things fall to the
126 gravity n. ground
1192 grounded v. to be based firmly on something
32 gusts n. a sudden, strong rush of air or wind
1309 harboring v. to hold in the mind
an unpleasant task or chore that is harder
1569 hassle n. than it should be
78 hazardous n. risky or dangerous
1470 head n. the person who is foremost or in charge
the prevention and treatment of illness or
373 healthcare n. injury

99 heavy-load n. something that weighs a lot

1039 height n. the top
719 helix n. a spiral
 of or pertaining to the Greeks or their
language, culture, etc., after the time of
1223 Hellenistic adj. Alexander the Great
23 hemisphere n. any of the halves of the earth
354 hemisphere n. half of a sphere, especially the Earth
212 herbalism n. herbal medicine
of characteristics or diseases passed from
665 hereditary adj. the genes of a parent to a child
features belonging to the culture of a
773 heritage n. particular society
1700 hesitant adj. unsure, reluctant

9 hierarchical adj. of being arranged by order or class

a system of writing which uses pictures
982 hieroglyphics n. instead of words used in ancient Egypt
a picture or symbol which represents a
221 hieroglyphs n. word
dealing with or treating the whole of
230 holistic adj. something or someone and not just a part
A cup or plate that, according to medieval
legend, was used by Jesus at the Last
1102 Holy Grail n. Supper
of the method of treating disease by drugs,
226 homeopathic adj. given in minute doses
the place in one's view where the earth's
42 horizon n. surface forms a line with the sky

414 horizontally adv. parallel to the ground

a theory that searched for truth and morality

1167 humanism n. based on the history and ations of humans
the branches of learning concerned with
904 humanities n. human thought and relations
any compound containing only hydrogen
70 hydrocarbon n. and carbon

459 hydrochloric acid n. an acid containing hydrogen and chlorine

503 hydrogen-powered adj. Using hydrogen for fuel

a chemical compound containing the
452 hydroxide n. hydroxyl group
an idea or explanation for something that is
based on known facts but has not yet been
785 hypothesis n. proved
a person who maintains that the real is of
the nature of thought or that the object of
1655 idealists n. external perception consists of ideas
1189 idealized adj. making it seem more pleasant than it was

1443 Identity n. who or what something is

1208 illegitimate adj born to unmarried parents

194 imaging adj. making an image of something

782 imitation adj. made to resemble something specified
902 immensely adv. extremely
when someone comes to live in a different
1611 immigration n. country
1281 immortal adj living forever
resistance to or protection against a
179 immunity n. specified disease
resistance to or protection against a
246 immunity n. specified disease
a condition in which the ability of the
immune system to produce antibodies is
326 immunodeficiency n. impaired
the study of immunity and its causes and
181 immunology n. effects
787 impart v to give; communicate

814 impediments n. hindrance

1674 imperative n. something that demands attention or action

895 imperfection n. containing problems or lacking something
1066 imperial adj of an empire
of a system in which a country rules other
1300 imperialist adj countries
1653 implication n. an indirect suggestion

389 impoverished adj. very poor

1277 imprisoned v. to send to jail
1355 improvements n. an improving or being improved

305 impulses n. driving forward with sudden force

118 impurities n. the state or quality of being impure

489 impurities n. the quality or state of being impure

290 inaccessible adj. impossible to reach or enter

1592 incarcerate v to put in jail
the establishment of an organization or
350 inception n. official activity
832 incessantly adv never ceasing
546 incidences n. the rate at which something happens
310 incisions n. a cut into a body tissue or organ
781 inclination n. a particular disposition or bent of mind
to combine or join with something already
853 incorporated v. formed
1482 incorporated v assimilated
1382 incurred v. to take on
 free from the influence, control, or
598 independently adv. determination of another or others

866 independently adj. free from the influence

765 indications n. something that points out

945 indicator n. a person or thing that indicates

1702 indifferent not caring, without feeling

965 indispensable adj. absolutely necessary or required
not easily discouraged, defeated, or
822 indomitable adj. subdued
having the nature of or characterized by
639 industrial adj. industries
498 industrialized adj. establish or develop industrialism in
777 infallible adj. never wrong, failing or making a mistake
1236 infamous adj. famous because of something bad
1229 infantry n. soldiers who fight on foot
to pass a disease to a person, animal or
273 infected v. plant
307 infection n. the act of causing to become diseased

158 infectious adj. able to pass a disease to a person

314 inflated adj. puffed out

564 inflates v to cause to increase in size by filling with air

a rise in prices and lowering of currency's
1550 inflation n. value
a change in or addition to the form of a
word which shows a change in the way it is
920 inflections n. used in sentences
to affect or change how someone or
890 influenced v. something
349 infrastructure n. a substructure or underlying foundation
217 ingested v. to eat or drink something

596 ingested v to take food into the body

a component part, or constituent, of
224 ingredients n. anything
969 inhabit v. to live in a place
a person or animal that lives in a particular
1034 inhabitants n. place
302 inhale v. to draw air into the lungs
existing as a natural or basic part of
797 inherent adj. something
existing in someone or something as a
permanent and inseparable element,
1494 inherently adv. quality, or attribute
money, land, etc. received by someone
1591 inheritance n. when a relative dies
 668 inherited v to have certain characteristics by heredity
a substance that retards or stops a
683 inhibitors n. chemical reaction
1457 inhumane adj unmoved by the suffering of others
692 initiated v to introduce or start something new
1221 initiated v. to cause something to start
the action of taking the first step or move;
288 initiative n. responsibility for beginning or originating
265 injections n. an act or instance of injecting

784 innateness n. existing naturally rather than acquired

something new made or improved with
1366 innovations n. creativity
793 innovative adj. using new methods or ideas

the injection of a disease agent into an

animal or plant, usually to cause a mild form
259 inoculation n. of the disease and build up immunity to it
1584 inquisitive adj asking lots of questions
a trial where a judge is charged with
1617 inquisitorial n. prosecuting the individual before him
1198 insatiable adj not satisfied with a normal amount
986 inscriptions n. words that are written or cut in something
a chemical substance made and used for
458 insecticides n. killing insects
someone or something that gives you ideas
835 inspiration n. for doing something
something that makes a person work hard
1175 inspiration n. or be creative
1322 instability n. the quality or state of being unstable
1350 installation n. an installing or being installed

1383 installed v. to put something in place and make it work

270 instigate v. to urge on
1225 instilled v. to give a quality by example or teaching

286 instituted v. to set up

a place or building where people are sent to
1021 institution n. be cared for
726 instruction n. the act of teaching or giving lessons
772 instructive adj. giving useful or interesting information
a tool used for delicate work or for scientific
299 instruments n. or artistic purposes
an object for making music, such as a
1058 instruments n. violin, piano, or horn

540 insulation n. any material used to insulate

a device for protecting and supporting
79 insulators n. electric wires
 a hormone in the body which controls the
372 insulin n. amount of sugar in the blood
coverage by contract in which one party
agrees to reimburse another for loss that
384 insurance n. occurs under the terms of the contract
838 insurmountable adj. that cannot be passed over or overcome
849 insurrection n. a rising up against established authority
1657 intangible adj. not capable of being touched
1554 integral adj necessary
to combine two or more things in order to
796 integrate v become more effective

817 integrated v to unite or combine

someone's idea or invention which can be
protected by law from being copied by
1610 intellectual property n. someone else
942 intellectuals n. a person of superior intellect

941 intentions n. the end or object intended

1517 interaction n. when two or more people or things interact
that can be put or used in place of each
617 interchangeably adv. other

money which is charged by a bank or other

1542 interest n. financial organization for borrowing money
something that draws the attention of the
1203 interests n. curiosity of a person

577 intermolecular adj. existing or occurring between molecules

1642 interplay n. action between people or things
to decide what the intended meaning of
1686 interprets v something is
a period between two events or times, or
418 intervals n. the space between two points

923 intimately adv. showing a close union or combination

1254 invasion n. an attack, entrance by force
844 Invasions n. An intrusion or encroachment

300 invasive adj. tending to spread into healthy tissue

to put money into a business idea or activity
in the hope of making more money if it is
1516 invest v successful
a person who puts money into a business
idea or activity in the hopes of making more
1561 investors n. money if the idea is successful:
745 invisible adj. impossible to see

55 iris n. the colored part of the eye around the pupil:

1439 irrelevant adj not pertinent
 500 irreplaceable adj. not replaceable

1371 irrevocably that cannot be revoked, recalled, or undone

the artifical application of water so that
976 irrigation n. crops and plants will grow
508 isolate v to set apart from others
1246 isolation n. an act or instance of isolating

a form of an atom which has a different

atomic weight from other forms of the same
420 isotopes n. atom but the same chemical structure
a point, matter, or question to be disputed
1466 issues n. or decided
ornaments such as rings, brooches,
109 jewelry n. bracelets, etc
a fight between two mounted knights or
1127 jousting adj men-at-arms using long sticks
1688 judgments n. the opinion formed

1578 Judicial adj. related to courts and judges:

1596 jurisdiction n. a specific area of such authority
a group of 12 citizens who listen to
information about the problem or crime,
receive instructions from the judge, and
decide the guilt or innocence of the person
1588 jury n. on trial
the law when it is applied or carried out in a
1050 justice n. fair way, fairness
1433 justice n. the quality of being right or correct
in Buddhism and Hinduism, the total effect
1627 karma n. of one's behavior during one's life

581 kinetic adj. of or caused by motion

the highest category in the classification of
10 kingdoms n. plants or animals
1237 kingship n. being a king
707 Lactose n. a type of sugar which is found in milk
a piece of equipment consisting of two
vertical bars or rope joined to each other by
718 ladder n. a set of horizontal steps

1125 ladder n. levels in status

824 landmark adj. Having great import or significance

a large area of countryside, especially in
1239 landscape n. relation to its appearance
surgery using a flexible instrument that is
passed through a small incision in the
311 laparoscopic adj. abdominal wall perform minor surgery
 the last supper eaten by Jesus with his
1104 Last Supper n. disciples before the Crucifixion
present but needing particular conditions to
436 latent adj. become active
an openwork structure of crossed strips or
644 lattice n. bars of wood or metal
hot liquid rock which comes out of the earth
572 lava n. through a volcano

1344 lavish adj more than enough

something that is a part of your history or
1219 legacy n. which stays from an earlier time
1044 legal adj. connected with the law

1045 legal code n. a code of laws adopted by a state or nation

1029 legendary adj. well-known
1032 legendary already defined
848 legions n. a large group of soldiers
1313 legislative adj having the function of making laws
a governmental body with the power to
1320 legislature n. make laws for a nation or state
210 lesions n. an injury; hurt; damage

879 lexicon n. all the words used in a particular language

524 liabilities n. something disadvantageous

an exchange between individuals,
1440 liaison n. businesses, or governments
a grey, green or yellow plant-like organism
that grows especially on rocks, walls and
594 lichens n. trees
4 life forms n. a newly discovered type of life form
1181 lifelike adj. so real as to seem alive
a flash of bright light in the sky which is
produced by electricity moving between
565 lightning n. clouds or from clouds to the ground
199 light-opaque adj. inability of light to pass
624 limitations n. a limiting or being limited
the act of controlling and especially
1632 limitations n. reducing something

1641 Linear adj. connected

884 linguistics n. the science of language

770 linguists n. a specialist in linguistics
846 Linguists already defined
426 liquid n. readily flowing
the ability or ease with which assets can be
1544 liquidity n. converted into cash
 written works, such as novels, poems, and
1137 literature n. plays
a powder which is turned red by acid and
593 litmus n. blue by alkali
animals, such as cattle, sheep, and
1076 livestock n. chickens

1012 logical adj. using reason

A substance, such as grease or oil, that
reduces friction when applied as a surface
497 lubricants n. coating to moving parts.
1574 lucrative adj producing a lot of money
467 lustrous adj. very shiny
a group of large machines or the parts of a
437 machinery n. machine which make it work
1002 machinery already defined

1536 macroeconomics n. the study of national economies

a region of space near an electric current in
which a magnetic force acts on any other
27 magnetic field n. electric current
33 magnetic poles n. the north and south poles of a magnet
743 magnification n. the power of magnifying
the process of enlarging the size of
135 magnifications n. something
741 magnify v increase the apparent size of

134 magnifying adj. to increase the apparent size of

40 magnitude n. size or dimention

510 maintained v. To keep up or carry on

609 majority n. the greater part or number
297 malfunctions v. to fail to function as it should
describes a disease or a diseased growth
that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and
333 malignant adj. lead to death
describes a substance that is easily
464 malleability n. changed into a new shape

709 maltose n. malt sugar

1486 mandating v to order someone to do something
a written statement of the beliefs, aims and
policies of an organization, especially a
1490 Manifesto n. political party
to control by shrewd use of influence, often
1387 manipulate in an unfair or fraudulent way
90 manned v. to furnish with men, as for service
in feudal times, the district over which a lord
1118 manors n. held authority
 the making of goods or wares by manual
606 manufacturing n. labor or by machinery
written by hand or with a typewriter, not
762 manuscript n. printed
833 manuscript already defined

1606 marginalized v to make less important

874 marked adj. noticeable

491 marketable adj. that can be sold; fit for sale

the business or trade in a particular
1513 markets n. product, including financial products
1275 masons n. a skilled worker in brick or stone
1154 masterful adj able to do things well
painting, film or book which is done or
made with great skill, and is often a
1191 masterpiece n. person's greatest work
1270 masterpiece already defined
733 Mathematically ad concerned with mathematics
the study of numbers, shapes and space
using reason and usually a special system
979 mathematics n. of symbols and rules for organizing them
1264 mausoleum n. a large burial tomb
a concisely expressed principle or rule of
1431 maxims n. conduct

1487 measures n. a procedure; course of action

the working parts or arrangement of parts of
681 mechanisms n. a machine
someone who talks to two separate people
involved in a disagreement to try to help
them to agree or find a solution to their
1585 mediator n. problems
1139 medieval adj related to the Middle Ages
1402 medieval already defined
776 medium n. a method or way of expressing something
907 medium n. a method or way of expressing something

161 membrane n. the outer covering of a cell

a very thin piece of material that covers an
560 membrane n. opening
1656 mental adj related to the mind
a person whose business is buying and
1339 merchant n. selling goods for profit
a heavy, silver-white metallic chemical
506 Mercury n. element,

51 merge v. to join together

662 metabolic adj. resulting from metabolism

 any substance produced by or taking part in
215 metabolites n. metabolism

375 metabolizes v. to change by or subject to metabolism

the part of philosophy that is about
1643 metaphysical adj understanding existence and knowledge
a system of ways of doing, teaching or
1024 methodologies n. studying something
a system of methods, principles, and rules
1639 methodologies n. for regulating a given discipline
a very small living thing, especially one
150 microbes n. which causes disease
165 microbial adj. having the quality of a microbe
the study of types of businesses in an
1537 microeeconomics n. economy, rather than the overall economy

129 microscopic adj. extremely small

a girl or woman who milks cows or works in
260 milkmaids n. a dairy
a fixed mental attitude formed by
1419 Mindset n. experience, education, or prejudice
633 mined v to dig from the earth
1003 mined already defined

125 mineralogists n. a person who studies minerals

315 minimizes v. to reduce to a minimum

a travelling musician and singer common
1151 minstrels n. between the 11th and 15th centuries
a place where money is coined by authority
478 Mint n. of the government
a person sent by a church into an area to
1084 missionaries n. carry on evangelism or other activities
moving or able to move to a higher social
857 mobility adj. class
155 mold n. a fungus that grows on materials
68 molded v. to form into a shape
84 molded already defined

159 mold-infested adj. filled with mold

the simplest unit of a chemical substance,
430 molecules n. usually a group of two or more atoms
describes metal or rock that is in a liquid
475 molten adj. state because of great heat
1092 monarchical adj pertaining to a monarch or monarchy
1035 monarchy n. a government ruled by a king or queen
1331 monarchy already defined
1130 monasteries n. a place where monks live, work, and pray
of or having to do with the currency of a
113 monetarily adj. country
 469 monetary adj. relating to the money in a country

348 monitors v. to check the performance of

a member of a religious order who lives in a
1129 Monks n. monastery
a simple molecule that can form polymers
by combining with identical or similar
71 monomers n. molecules

393 monopoly n. exclusive control of a commodity or service

1338 monopoly already defined
Any of several carbohydratesthat cannot be
697 monosaccharides n. broken down to simpler sugars
1621 monotheistic adj the belief that there is only one god
1416 mores n. customs of a people or culture
869 morph v. to change one image into another

292 mortality n. the death rate from a particular disease

the first language that you learn when you
870 mother tongue n. are a baby
1514 motivated adj. to want to do something well
936 motivations n. enthusiasm for doing something

138 mounted v. to place or fix

the process of making a dead body into a
985 mummification n. mummy
the way in which genes change and
332 mutation n. produce permanent differences
1531 mutually adv doing the same thing to or for each other
780 mysterious adj. characterized by mystery
the belief that there is hidden meaning in
life or that each human being can unite with
1623 mysticism n. God
imaginary, fictitious, or not based on facts or
1095 mythical adj. scientific study
1224 mythological adj connected with myths
The eye unassisted by an optical
746 naked eye n. instrument
1146 narrative adj in the form of a story

1295 National assembly n. in some countries, the name of a legislature

481 nationality n. national quality or character
2 naturalist n. a person who studies plants and animals
a system of treating diseases, largely
227 naturopathic adj. employing natural agencies
1070 nautical adj relating to ships, sailing or sailors

97 navigate v. to steer a ship or airplane

409 negatively adv. having a negative charge
 a nerve cell that carries information
between the brain and other parts of the
242 neurons n. body
to destroy the distinctive or active
618 neutralization n. properties of
a part of an atom that has no electrical
407 neutrons n. charge
the noble class or the body of nobles in a
1065 nobility n. country

419 noble adj. chemically nonreactive

1327 nobleman n. a member of the nobility
characteristic of people who have no fixed
home and move from place to place in
972 nomadic adj. search of food, water, and grazing land
a doctrine that prohibits the use of force in
1636 nonviolence n. bringing about political reform
a brief record of something written down to
621 noted n. assist the memory or for future reference
to see or become aware of something or
620 noticed v someone
a basic social unit consisting of parents and
their dependent children living in one
1400 nuclear family n. household
164 nucleic acids n. a type of acid that exists in all living cells
406 nucleus n. the central part of an atom

19 nutrients n. a source of nourishment

any substance which plants or animals
440 nutrients n. need in order to live and grow
any substance which plants or animals
674 nutrients n. need in order to live and grow
1361 nutrients already defined

336 obesity n. being very fat

the lens nearest to the object observed, as

136 objective n. in a microscope or telescope

342 objectives n. something which you plan to do or achieve

1111 obliterated v. to remove or destroy all traces of
a remark about something that you have
1493 observations n. noticed
1269 obsession n. idea or habit that controls the mind
the seizure and control of a country or area
850 occupation n. by military forces
the seizure and control of a country or area
1397 occupations n. by military forces
1630 occurrences n. something that happens
116 octahedrons n. a solid figure having eight faces
 the lens constituting the eyepiece of an
137 ocular n. optical instrument

527 odor n. an unpleasant smell

unwanted, often because unpleasant and
1567 offending adj. causing problems or inconvenience

1049 official n. formally set or prescribed

1368 offspring n. a child or animal as related to its parent
a fatty substance applied to the skin for
511 ointments n. healing
having the form of government where ruling
power belongs to a few persons
1016 oligarchic adj.
a form of government in which the ruling
1473 oligarchy n. power belongs to a few persons
1605 onset n. the beginning of something

298 operating v. to work, perform, or function

1342 opportunities n. an advantageous time to act:

1508 oppressed v to govern or treat cruelly and unjustly

1391 oppressive adj cruelly overbearing

131 optical adj. of the eye or the sense of sight

the oldest known form of Chinese written
987 oracle bone n. language
1140 orally adv. uttered by the mouth; spoken

1600 orators n. a skilled public speaker

580 ordered adj. neatly or conveniently arranged

11 orders n. the subdivision of a class

17 organisms n. ny living thing, plant, or animal

coming from a particular place, time,
961 originate v. situation
21 originator n. a person or thing that starts something
110 ornaments n. omething that decorates or adorns
473 ornaments n. anything serving to adorn
264 outbreaks n. a sudden beginning of something
a way in which emotion or energy can be
1528 outlets n. expressed or made use of
1233 outnumbered v. to be greater in number than
1417 outsiders n. one who is outside or not included

303 overdose n. An excessive dose

to defeat someone by having greater
586 overpower v strength or power
 applying regular grammatical patterns to
795 over-regularization n. irregular words
1484 oversight n. supervision
combines with oxygen to form another
529 oxidize v. substance

445 oxidizing adj. to remove electrons from

a layer of air above the Earth, which
contains a lot of ozone, and which prevents
harmful ultraviolet light from the sun from
542 ozone layer n. reaching the Earth
855 pace n. a rate of movement
a small device which is put inside
someone's chest in order to help their heart
189 pacemakers n. beat at the correct speed
to cause someone who is angry or upset to
171 pacify v. be calm and satisfied
a sudden strong feeling of anxiety or fear
that prevents reasonable thought and
269 panic n. action
to cause a person, animal or part of the
236 paralyzed v. body to lose the ability to move or feel
an animal or plant that lives on or in another
animal or plant of a different type and feeds
239 parasite n. from it
30 particles n. an extremely small piece
one of the most simple parts of all matter,
410 particles n. such as an electron, a proton or a neutron
anything that ensures admission or
1132 passport n. acceptance
1207 paternal adj related through a father

160 pathogenic adj. capable of producing disease

any small organism which can cause
283 pathogens n. disease

813 pathologists n. an expert in the study of diseases

680 pathways n. A path

a wealthy or powerful person who
encourages and supports the activity of
1193 patron n. others
the point of greatest activity, strength, or
1040 peak n. success
a person who is one's equal in age, rank,
1403 peers n. ability, or other quality
a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of
82 pellets n. any substance

313 pelvic n. of or near the pelvis

1424 Per se adv considered by itself
the mental act or process of becoming
62 perception n. aware of a thought

815 perception n. mental grasp of objects, qualities

an arrangement of the chemical elements
according to their atomic numbers, to
401 periodic table n. exhibit the periodic law
1354 permanently adv always and forever
1593 perpetrator n. a person who commits a crime

821 perseverance n. continued effort and determination

the quality or fact of being a particular
1014 personalities n. person
persons employed in any work, enterprise,
344 personnel n. service, establishment
1190 perspective n. a particular way of considering something
1648 perspective already defined
a chemical derived ultimately from
496 petrochemicals n. petroleum or natural gas
a dark thick oil obtained from under the
460 petroleum n. ground
1232 pharaoh n. a ruler of ancient Egypt

359 pharmaceutical n. a medicine

228 pharmaceuticals n. a medicine

the study of the preparation, qualities, and
363 pharmacology n. uses of drugs
56 phenomenal n. unusual, remarkable
any extremely unusual or extraordinary
894 phenomenon n. thing

806 phoneticians n. an expert in phonetics

146 photographic adj. related to photography

a particle having energy but no mass or
38 photon n. electric charge
the process where a plant's chloroplasts
capture the sun's energy and convert it into
18 photosynthesis n. food
the second category, below kindom, in the
13 phylum n. classficiaton of plants or animals
191 physicians n. doctors
819 physiological adj. of or pertaining to physiology

687 pigmentation n. the natural colour of something

a person who is one of the first people to do
1030 pioneers n. something
856 plague n. serious disease which kills many people
 a theory in which the lithosphere is divided
into a number of crustal plates, each of
which moves on the plastic asthenosphere
more or less independently to collide with,
1217 plate tectonics slide under, or move past adjacent plates
1583 platform n. a statement of political beliefs and goals
1603 plead v to request urgently
1006 plesantries n. A polite social utterance
1244 poisoned v. to harm or kill with a poison
very harmful and able to cause illness or
163 poisonous adj. death
very harmful and able to cause illness or
446 poisonous adj. death
capable of injuring or killing by or as by
519 poisonous adj. poison
an acute infectious disease, esp. of
children, caused by a viral inflammation of
233 polio n. the gray matter of the spinal cord
538 pollutants n. a substance that pollutes
the state or practice of having two or more
1411 polygamy n. spouses at the same time
a chemical substance consisting of large
molecules made from many smaller and
66 polymers n. simpler molecules
Any of a class of carbohydrates, such as
starch and cellulose, consisting of a number
of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic
699 polysaccharides n. bonds
944 populace n. the common people
the common people of a nation, region, or
1483 populace n. local area, such as a city
1296 popularity n. widespread acceptance
1123 populated v. to supply with inhabitants
1373 population n. all the people in a country, region
387 portion n. a part or share of something larger
a painting, photograph, or drawing of a
1196 portraits n. person
to describe something or someone in a
1150 portray v. certain way
404 positively adv. having a postive charge
208 positron n. a positive electron

903 postmodern adj. extremely modern

any of a number of trends or movements in
the arts and literature developing in the
1659 postmodernism n. 1970s
to suggest a theory or idea as a basic
principle from which a further idea is formed
1672 postulates v or developed
1133 poverty-stricken adj very poor
 472 precious metal n. a metal which is valuable and usually rare
something which happened or existed
89 precursors n. before another thing
an animal that hunts, kills and eats other
216 predators n. animals
a statement about what will happen in the
1503 predictions n. future
751 predominant adj. prominent

398 predominantly adv. mostly or mainly

a letter or group of letters added to the
918 prefixes n. beginning of a word to make a new word
relating to a time before history was
170 prehistoric adj. recorded through pictures or writing
describing the period before there were
1074 prehistoric adj written records
1654 premise n. a basis for a line of reasoning
saying exactly what must happen,
especially by giving an instruction or making
1552 prescriptive adj a rule

504 preservation n. to keep alive or in existence

636 preservation n. something that is kept alive or in existence

to keep nearly standard atmospheric
98 pressurized adj. pressure inside
900 presumption n. an assumption, often not fully established

1660 presuppositions n. take for granted in advance

existing very commonly or happening
322 prevalent adj. frequently
existing very commonly or happening
863 prevalent adj. frequently

1033 priestess n. a female priest

the chief executive and, usually, head of the
1351 Prime Minister n. cabinet
a fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or
motivating force, upon which others are
800 principle n. based
a machine that prints books, newspapers or
758 printing presses n. magazines
A person held in custody, captivity
1251 prisoners n. especially while on trial
a set of actions which is the official or
261 procedure n. accepted way of doing something
1429 Proceedings n. a series of actions in a law court

46 processing v. To put through the steps of a procedure

 to announce something publicly or officially,
626 proclaimed v especially something positive
1101 proclaimed v. to announce officially
1284 proclaimed v to declare publicly

934 profession n. an occupation requiring a specific education

1414 professional adj engaged in one of the learned professions

374 professionals n. a person practicing a profession

395 professionals n. a person practicing a profession
money remaining after business expenses
1519 profit n. are deducted
being or going far beneath what is
1662 profoundly adj. superficial, external, or obvious
a plan or procedure for dealing with some
293 programs n. matter
1518 progression already defined
1661 Progression already defined
1013 progressions n. a sequence or succession

588 progressively adv. continuing by successive steps

522 prohibit v forbid by law or by an order

1334 prohibited v. to refuse to permit

14 prokaryotes n. an organism lacking a true nucleus
1499 proletariat n. ordinary people

509 prolonged v. to lengthen or extend in time or space

1315 prominence n. the state or quality of being prominent
339 promote v. to further the popularity

1008 prompted v. to make something happen

875 pronounced adj. very noticable
93 propelled v. to push or move forward
417 properties n. any trait or attribute proper to a thing
an essential or distinctive attribute or quality
523 properties n. of a thing

1616 property n. an object or objects that belong to someone

a person who espouses or supports a
1435 Proponents n. cause
to offer or state a possible plan or action for
619 proposed v other people to consider
1047 prosecuted v. to institute legal proceedings against
the institution and carrying on of legal
1586 prosecution n. proceedings against a person
1609 prosecution already defined
the state of being successful and having a
1041 prosperity n. lot of money
 successful, usually by earning a lot of
1243 prosperous adj money
any member of the various Christian
churches established as a result of the
1336 Protestant adj. Reformation
Any one-celled organism belonging to the
15 protists n. kingdom Protista
a type of elementary particle which has a
positive electrical charge and is found in the
403 protons n. nucleus of all atoms

120 providing conj. on the condition or understanding

a clause in a legal document stipulating or
1317 provision n. requiring some specific thing
The stage of adolescence in which an
individual becomes physiologically capable
675 puberty n. of sexual reproduction
1022 public speaking n. the act of delivering speeches in public
658 publication n. something that is published

768 punch line n. the surprise line carrying the point of a joke
614 pungent adj. describes a very strong smell or taste
a person or group whose actions are
1396 puppet n. controlled by someone else
534 purification n. to cause to make pure

477 purity n. the quality or condition of being pure

1106 purity already defined
970 pursuit n. an effort to secure or attain
1471 purview n. the range of operation, authority or control

a place where building stone, marble, or

1004 quarries n. slate is excavated, as by cutting or blasting
a proportional part or share of a fixed total
682 quota n. amount or quantity
34 radiates v. to give forth or spread
the process in which energy is emitted as
196 radiation n. particles or waves
204 radiation n. already defined
893 radically adv. complete or extreme
a radioactive isotope, usually artificially
752 radioisotopic adj. produced
Not allowing the passage of x-rays or other
198 radiopaque adj. radiation

1595 ramifications n. a result, an effect of an action

268 rampantly adv. in full sway
468 rarity n. the quality or condition of being rare
1422 rational adj. showing reason
 reasonableness or the possession or use of
1458 rationality n. reason
317 ravaging v. to cause great damage to something

1079 reaches n. The extent or distance something can reach

reacting to events or situations rather than
530 reactive adj. acting first to change or prevent something
1280 rebellions n. a fight against the people in power
an act or state of armed resistance to one's
1323 rebellions n. government
1386 rebellions already defined
1298 recaptured v. to capture again
to bring together people or ideas that were
1658 reconcile v separated
1650 reconciling v. to bring into agreement or harmony

761 recorded v to put in writing, print for future use

1598 recorded adj. set down or registered in a permanent form

1156 recounted v. to describe how something happened
1160 redeem v. to save from sin

1312 redistribution n. a distribution performed again or anew

An industrial plant for purifying a crude
490 refineries n. substance, such as petroleum or sugar

1447 Reflective adj. meditative

1337 reformation n. a reforming or being reformed
114 refraction n. the turning or bending of any wave
539 refrigerants adj. cooling or freezing something
1529 regime n. a government, system of ruling

686 regulate v to control something

250 rehabilitating adj. to put back in good condition

1088 reign n. the period of rule, dominance

1635 reincarnation n. rebirth in a new person or form after death

791 reinforcement n. when something is made stronger
763 related v to tell the story of or give an account of
556 relative adj. related each to the other
931 relative adj. considered in relation to something else
to send or consign to an inferior position,
1701 relegate v. place, or condition

214 remedies n. any medicine or treatment that cures

1363 remedy n. something that corrects
1171 remnants n. something that remains

1697 rendering v to become

1170 renowned adj famous, well-known and liked
1365 replenished v. to make full or complete again
1308 representative adj serving to represent;
20 Reproduction n. being reproduction

205 reproductive adj. serving to reproduce

Favoring a republic as the best form of
1477 republican n. government
the feeling of being repelled, as by the
1689 repulsion n. thought or presence of something
an opinion, about the quality of a person's
1292 reputation n. character
An underground accumulation of petroleum
485 reservoirs n. or natural gas
1059 residents n. person who lives in a certain area

493 residual n. left over after part or most is taken away

111 resin n. a sticky substance found in some plants
opposition of some force or thing to another
1388 resistance n. or others
the ability to show things clearly and with a
145 resolution n. lot of detail
the ability to show things clearly and with a
744 resolution n. lot of detail
1441 resolution n. a solution to a problem

207 resonance n. a sound produced when air is present

748 resonance n. the prolongation of sound by reflection
836 resounding adj. very great
a useful or valuable possession or quality of
1534 resources n. a country, organization or person
as relates individually to each of two or
868 respective adj. more persons or things
413 respectively adv. in regard to each of two or more
721 respectively
act or process of breathing; inhaling and
702 respiration n. exhaling air
201 respiratory adj. involving the respiratory system
220 respiratory already defined
expected or obliged to account for
613 responsible adj. something or to someone
1472 restrict v. put certain limitations on
175 restrictions n. something that limits
1480 rests v To depend
915 retain v. to keep or continue to have something

121 retarded v. to cause to move or proceed slowly

1412 rethink v. to think over again, with a view to changing
 the inner lining of the eye that contains
many light-sensitive cells and sends
52 retina n. messages about light and color to the brain
a change in design in order to incorporate
940 retrofitted adj. later improvements
1310 revenue n. the return from property or investment

730 reverse v to turn something upside down or inside out

914 reverse v. to change the direction, order or position
1260 revolted v. fight against a government or other power
overthrow of a government by those
governed and usually by forceful means,
with another government or system taking
1299 revolution n. its place
1305 Revolution already defined
1502 revolutionary adj. wanting or causing a complete change
to move or cause something to move round
411 revolve v. a central point or line
a set of fixed actions and sometimes words
1633 ritualistic adj. performed regularly
a set actions performed regularly, especially
172 rituals n. as part of a ceremony

1302 rivalries n. a special desire to defeat an opponent

1547 robust adj. having physical vigor, energetic good health

a love affair with excitement, adventure,
1147 romance adj and happiness
to turn around or cause to turn around a
139 rotates v. center point or axis
1359 rotation more accurate to define crop rotation

1216 rudimentary adj simple, basic

720 rungs n. the horizontal bars on a ladder
not thinking about the feelings or health of
1250 ruthless adj other people
1409 sanctions v. to support
the science and practice of effecting
244 sanitation n. healthful and hygienic conditions

245 sanitization v. to make sanitary, as by sterilizing

to reach a stage where no more can be
449 saturation point n. added, contained or accepted
used to measure or compare the level of
604 scale n. something
any act, person, or thing that offends or
shocks moral feelings of the community and
1110 scandal n. leads to disgrace
 147 scanning v. to glance at or over or read hastily

1538 scarcity n. a very small or limited amount of something

a list of the times when events are planned
95 scheduled adj. to happen
1131 scholarship n. study, learning, and knowledge
889 school too easy for this level
1539 scope n. the limits or range of something
997 sculpting n. the process of sculpturing an object
an artist who makes non-flat art with stone,
1274 sculptors n. metal, and other substances
688 secrete v to discharge

1183 secular adj. not religious

725 segments n. a part or section of something
1478 select v to make a selection
intentionally choosing some things and not
678 selective adj. others
153 selectively adv. making a selection
indulging one's own desires without
1335 self-indulgent restraint
not needing help or support from other
394 self-reliance n. people
1452 sentiments n. a thought, opinion, or judgment
the following of one thing after another in a
727 sequence n. regular or fixed order
1289 Serf n. a slave

1290 Serfdom n. related to a serfs

1347 Settlement already defined

975 settlements n. a small or isolated community

1082 settlements already defined
1064 shared adj have in common
a group of nucleons of approximately the
412 shell n. same energy
637 shells n. a hard outer covering of an animal
a fault or a failure to reach a particular
1507 shortcomings n. standard
1682 shortcomings n. A deficiency
having or tending to have a short life span
1345 short-lived adj or existence
an unpleasant effect of a drug that happens
166 side effects n. in addition to the main effect

1000 significance n. importance

1358 significant adj important
764 simplicity n. a simple state or quality
788 simulating v to give a false indication or appearance of
 59 simultaneously adj. occuring at the same time
occurring or done together or at the same
483 simultaneously adv. time

197 skeletal adj. like a skeleton

112 skeletons n. the hard framework of an animal body

1681 skeptical v doubting that something is true or useful
898 skepticism n. doubt or unbelief
wet, smooth or oily so that it slides easily or
615 slippery adj. causes something to slide
a political belief that says the government
should own and run factories, hospitals,
schools with the people sharing in work and
1522 socialism n. products
the branch of linguistics that analyzes the
effects of social and cultural factors within a
speech community upon its language
927 sociolinguistics n. patterns
a soft silver-white chemical element that is
447 sodium n. found in salt
to heat (a building) by means of solar
502 solar-heated adj. energy
to ask someone for money, information or
1247 solicit n. help
a liquid into which a solid has been mixed
450 solution n. and has dissolved
that dissolves or can dissolve another
423 solvent adj. substance
a substance that dissolves another to form
597 solvent n. a solution:
a visual pattern representing the sound
809 sonogram n. waves of a voice, call, or noise
1571 spawn v to cause, give life to
1608 specializations n. the process of specializing

6 species n. a category of living things

645 specifically adv of a special or particular kind
922 specifics n. exact details
a sample of a substance or material for
133 specimen n. examination or study

740 specimen n. a sample

an instrument that analyzes the vocal
quality of a selected excerpt of an
807 spectrogram n. individual’s speech
the science that deals with the use of the
749 spectroscopy n. spectroscope and with spectrum analysis
35 spectrum n. the distribution of light across its colors
 the series of colored bands dispersed and
arranged in the order of their respective
808 spectrum n. wavelengths
to think about the various aspects of a
999 speculate v. given subject
to guess possible answers when you do not
1693 speculate v have enough information to be certain
1492 speculations n. Reasoning based on inconclusive evidence
spoken words which are thought to have
1098 spell n. magical power

1180 spirituality n. religious devotion or piety

A rigid device used to prevent motion of a
248 splinting n. joint or of the ends of a fractured bone

345 sponsors v. to support a person, organization or activity

acting in accordance with or resulting from
562 spontaneous adj. a natural feeling
happening often in a sudden way, without
1501 spontaneous adj. any planning or without being forced
567 sporadically adv. happening irregularly
1404 spouses n. a husband or wife
1356 staggering adj tending to stagger or overwhelm
to establish a claim by marking the location
1341 stake out v. or boundaries of
to make things of the same type all have
1568 standardized adj the same basic features
861 static adj. not changing for a long time
1515 status quo n. the way things are now

1432 statute n. an established rule

an instrument with two eyepieces through
which a pair of photographs of the same
scene or subject, taken at slightly different
141 stereoscope n. angles, are viewed side by side
309 sterile adj. free from living germs
when someone says exactly how
1321 stipulations n. something must be done
a particular market where stocks and bonds
1549 stock market n. are traded
774 storyteller n. a person who narrates stories
759 storytelling n. narrating stories
321 strain n. a particular type or quality
a part which combines with other parts to
281 strands n. form a whole story, subject or situation
Something that is plaited or twisted as a
693 strands n. ropelike length

24 streaks n. a line or long mark

 to alter in order to make more efficient or
881 streamlining adj. simple
939 stripped v. to take away or remove
a sudden change in the blood supply to a
part of the brain, which can cause a loss of
the ability to move particular parts of the
329 stroke n. body
any theory that embodies structural
899 structuralism n. principles
the way in which the parts of a system or
912 structure n. object are arranged or organized
1418 structured v. to put together systematically
1038 struggles n. Strenuous effort
to personal feeling and opinion, rather than
1699 subjective adj. facts
to place under or cover with water or the
732 submerged v like

238 submicroscopic adj. too small to be seen through a microscope

having or showing a tendency to submit
1413 submissive adj without resistance

1510 subsequently adv happening after something else

223 subsided v. to become less strong or extreme

383 subsidized v. to pay part of the cost of something

material with particular physical
548 substance n. characteristics
material with particular physical
366 substances n. characteristics

677 substrates n. a substance acted upon

798 subtleties n. a small but important detail
882 succinctly adv. said in a clear and short way
the type of sugar that exists naturally in
706 Sucrose n. most plants that grow on land
1061 suffering n. the state of a person or thing that suffers
a letter or group of letters added at the end
919 suffixes n. of a word to make a new word
1001 suggested v. to mention an idea

103 supersonic adj. faster than the sound of sound

something added, esp. to make up for a
789 supplementation n. lack or deficiency
851 supplemented v. add to to make up for a lack or deficiency
the elasticlike force existing in the surface
429 surface tension n. of a body,

296 surgery n. an operation to treat disease

 177 surgical adj. related to surgery

255 surveillance n. the careful watching of a person or place

575 survival n. the act, state, or fact of surviving

266 susceptible adj. easily influenced by

684 sustaining v To keep in existence

117 symmetrical adj. the quality of having balance and proportion

the quality of balance and proportion in
objects with two sides that correspond like
mirror images in size, form, and
1026 symmetry n. arrangement of parts

an occasion at which people who have

great knowledge of a particular subject
1691 symposium n. meet in order to discuss a matter of interest
any feeling of illness or physical or mental
change which is caused by a particular
219 symptoms n. disease
a number of symptoms occurring together
and characterizing a specific disease or
325 syndrome n. condition
a word or phrase which has the same or
nearly the same meaning as another word
953 synonyms n. or phrase in the same language
the grammatical arrangement of words in a
913 syntax n. sentence
1637 synthesis n. the mixing of different ideas
65 synthetic adj. man-made
describes products that are made from
462 synthetic adj. artificial substances
understood without being expressed
1524 tacit adj directly
the combination of military plans to achieve
1234 tactics n. a strategy
1378 tangible adj. having actual form and substance
the philosophical system advocating a life
of complete simplicity and naturalness and
of noninterference with the course of
natural events, in order to attain a happy
1629 Taoism n. existence in harmony with the Tao
the system of classifying plants and
8 taxonomy n. animials

128 technicians n. a worker trained with special skills

1176 technique n. procedure by which s.t. is performed

 737 techniques n. a way of doing an activity which needs skill
the measured amount of heat in a place or
425 temperature n. in the body
1376 temporality n. the quality or state of being temporal
a balancing of forces or elements in
559 tension n. opposition
1285 terrible adj horrible, dreadful
the quality of something that can be
616 texture n. decided by touch
1174 the classics n. the most famous works of literature
1615 the deceased n. the dead person
a philosophical movement of the 18th
1421 the Enlightenment n. century
1651 theologian n. a scholar of religion

the study of God and the relations between

1161 theology n. God, humankind, and the universe

1646 theology n. the study of God and religion

1446 Theorists n. One who theorizes

pertaining to, or caused by heat or
585 thermal adj. temperature
a type of plastic that can be melted and
72 thermoplastics n. reformed
a type of plastic that can not be melted and
73 thermosets n. reformed
952 thesauruses n. a book of synonyms and antonyms
One who devotes much time to thought or
1694 thinkers n. meditation
142 three-dimensional adj. having height, width, and depth
1228 throne n. the state of being a ruler
1294 Throne already defined
1276 timeless adj lasting forever
1255 tolerant adj accepting of different beliefs and behavior
a process for producing an image of a
single plane of an object excluding all other
206 tomography n. planes

957 topical adj. arranged by topics, subjects, or headings

law that deals with a private or civil wrongful
act that causes another person harm or
damage and entitles him or her to
1590 tort law n. compensation
competition in a series of events leading to
1128 tournaments n. a winner

168 toxic adj. poisonous

231 toxicity n. poisonous
 A substance that has been treated to
destroy its toxic properties but retains the
capacity to stimulate production of
284 toxoids n. antitoxins
a store established in an unsettled or thinly
settled region by a trader or trading
1072 trading post n. company

666 traits n. a distinguishing quality or characteristic

a person or thing thatis used as a calming
agent in relieving and controlling various
229 tranquilizer n. emotional disturbances

978 transactions n. a business activity

1563 transactions n. to do and complete a business activity
to go beyond, rise above or be more
1628 transcending v important or better than something
691 transcription n. a transcript

49 transmitted v. to send
100 transnational adj. going beyond national boundaries
allowing light to pass through so images
47 transparent adj. can be clearly seen:
476 transportable adj. to carry from one place to another
a means or system of moving something
92 transportation n. from one place to another
unable to move or escape from a place or
583 trapped v situation
689 traverse v to pass or move over
1235 traverse v. to cross, travel over

1238 treacherous adj dangerous, harmful

to use drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a
280 treated v. person of a disease or heal an injury
187 treatments n. healing of a disease

144 tremendous adj. very great in amount or level

742 tremendous adj. very large

a political, ethnic, or ancestral division of
1075 tribes n. ancient states and cultures
690 triggers v To set off
1649 troublesome adj causing difficulty
479 troy adj. expressed or computed in troy weight
an infectious disease that may affect the
202 tuberculosis n. lungs
a point at which something changes
826 turning point n. direction

1067 tutored v. instruct or teach privately

 717 twisted v to turn, wind or bend
569 Typically adv. in a typical manner
present, or seeming to be present,
1369 ubiquitous adj everywhere at the same time
the application of ultrasonic waves to
209 ultrasound n. therapy or diagnostics
535 ultraviolet radiation n. radiation lying in the ultraviolet range
something harmful that is increasing without
318 unchecked adj. any limits or attempts to prevent it

to discover something secret or hidden or

622 uncovered v remove something covering something else

657 undefined adj. without fixed limits

1438 under fire under censure or criticism
378 undiscovered v. not discovered yet
not conforming to approved standards of
1392 unethical adj. social or professional behavior

864 uniformity n. not varying or different in any way

1405 union n. marriage
1564 unions n. a joining of forces
existing as the only one or as the sole
549 unique adj. example
716 unique already defined

390 universal adj. existing everywhere

422 universal Already defined
1200 universal Already defined
1706 Universal already defined

1211 untraditional adj. not conforming to or in accord with tradition

557 uphold v to keep from falling
1451 uprisings n. an outbreak against a government
the processes of making or characteristic of
1372 urbanization n. a city
1112 usurped v. to take control or a position of power
any implement or container ordinarily used
77 utensils n. as in a kitchen
The belief that the value of a thing or an
1668 utilitarianism n. action is determined by its utility
731 utilized v to use something in an effective way
to turn something from a solid or liquid state
435 vaporizes v. into gas
143 variations n. the act, process, or result of changing
871 variations n. the act, fact, or process of varying
a person granted the use of land, in return
for rendering homage and usually military
service or its equivalent to a lord or other
1117 vassals n. superior
 a large container used for mixing or storing
573 vat n. liquid substances
a type of theatre entertainment in the 1800s
and early 1900s which included music,
830 vaudeville n. dancing and jokes
a means by which thoughts are expressed
1179 vehicles n. or made known
an undertaking involving uncertainty as to
1390 venture n. the outcome
1589 verdict n. a decision of guilty or not guilty
commonly spoken by the people of a
867 vernacular adj. particular country or place

1202 versatility n. able to be used for many different purposes

A description or account from one point of
766 versions n. view, especially as opposed to another
416 vertical adj. straight up or down
a curved container which is used to hold
988 vessels n. liquid
having the ability to grow, expand or
1558 viably adv. develop

750 vibrate v to set in to-and-fro motion

1664 vices n. an immoral or evil habit or practice
1426 Violation n. infringement of a law, rule or right
152 viral adj. or caused by a virus
1436 virtue n. right action and thinking
1152 virtuous adj having good moral qualities
685 vital adj. necessary to the existence
the task of recognizing people from their
810 Voice-recognition n. voices
the amount of space that is enclosed within
553 volume n. an object or solid shape

289 vulnerable adj. that can be wounded or physically injured

to fight a war or organize a series of
1572 waged v activities in order to achieve something
1164 wake n. directly following, as a result of
1226 warfare n. the way a war is fought
not completely trusting or certain about
1622 wariness n. something or someone
to serve as justification or reasonable
1462 warranted v. grounds for an act or belief
describes countries or groups of people that
94 warring adj. are at war with each other
a person taking part or experienced in
1257 warriors n. conflict especially war
the distance from one point to the same
point on the next sound or electromagnetic
39 wavelength n. wav
 951 wealth n. a large amount of something good
124 wearable adj. suitable for wear
1357 witnessed v. to see, observe an incident
the way in which words are arranged in
916 word order n. sequence in a sentence

928 workings n. functioning

existing or happening in all parts of the
966 worldwide adj. world
1046 worship n. a church service
Daniel doesn't like his name, so he goes by Dan, the abbreviated version of
Daniel.

Because her name was so long, she abbreviated her name to Ann.

The doctor an incision in her abdomen during her c-section. belly

She no longer wanted to abide by her father's rules. endure
In the slums of Brazil, people live in abject poverty. wretched
A new study shows that many people are walking around with brain abnormalities
and may not be aware of them.
Child abused needs to be abololished from society. destroyed
She abruptly got up and left the table. unexpectadely
The mother was not certain that her son was telling the absolute truth.

The absolute zero temperature is -273.15°C.

The paper towel was very absorbent, and we were able to reuse it several times.
By absorbing the nutrients and water through its roots, a tree continues to grow in
the winter when their leaves have fallen off. assimilate
Absorption is the process in which grains of rice soaks up the water in which it is
immersed in.

Truth and justice were abstract concepts the children could not understand.
There was an abundance of food at the party.
The academics at the university did not agree with the policys.
The people from the north and the people from the south have different accents.
Automatic coin acceptors were installed on the tollway to alleviate some of the
congestion.
Our hotel was easily accessible by car.
The little boy accidently lit a match which caused his house to burn.
The child never had to give an account of his behavior. explain
In some accounts, the prince never dies. description
People questioned the accuracy of his statements. precision

Although they had different personalities, she grew accustomed to his messiness.

Acetic acid is what gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell.
Acoustic phonetics deals with acoustic aspects of speech sounds.
She acquired the building after the death of her husband.
It was relatively easy for her to acquire profiency in math--both her parents are
math professors.
She worked for the acquistion and mergers department of the company.

When all tradition remedies failed to heal her back pain, she tried accupuncture.

Because of the additive, the paint was fresh for more than 20 years.

The new policy addresses the issue of poverty in children. discuss

She was very adept at telling stories. skilled
He is a teacher's pet mostly because of his adherence to school rules. obedience
The drug was administerd to the patient through his IV.

The administration of the university was praised for the effective use of the funds. management
Recent advances in medicine allowed her father to survive the disease. progress
During the Industrial revolution, there were many advances in textiles and
manufacturing. progress
The advantages outweighed the disadvantages, so they decided to go ahead
with the surgery.
Life in American was transformed by the advent of automibles.

They had some exciting adventures on their vacation.

The two lawyers were on adversarial sides of the case.

The benefits of the drug out weighed the adverse effects.

The advisee was not very thrilled with the suggestion.
He was part of the advisory committee that made decisions on the spending of
the money.
Mother Theresa was an advocate for the poor. suppoter
She conducted seminars advocating the rights of children.

She was very impressed by the aesthetic presentation of Japanese food.

She had several afflications which prevented her from being able to participate
classroom activities.
Egyptians were often buried with their possessions for the afterlife.

The social service agencies offer aide to hurricane victims.

We had to contact the agent to find out what happened to our luggage.

The government agents decided to purchase new vehicals for the department. representative
The father was arrested because he continued to show too much aggression
against his children.
The politician was disliked for always agitating the crowd into a frenzy. arouse
He was very agreeable and always did whatever his teachers told him. amenable
With the development of new buildings, the agricultural land is shrinking rapidly.
The region depends on agriculture for its income.

Alchemists were popular during the middle ages.

He alienated his family by gambling too much. estrange
To make sure the bookcase did not fall forward, we had to allign one of the sides
against the wall. adjust

He formed ne alignments at work in hopes of getting promoted.

Allergories are usually used to teach a moral.

The drugs did not alleviate her pain; in fact, it made them worse.

He married the daughter of the Spanish king in order to build alliance with Spain.

The three companies formed an alliance to develop a new drug.

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper.

The church alterpiece had a painting of the last supper.

When they edited the movie, they had altered the writer's orignal theme. modify
There must be an alternative to children eating junk food all the time.
The accident was caused by the plane flying at a very low altitude.

It is difficult to breathe in higher altitudes; oxygen masks are highly recommend.

Silver amalgam that was used as a dental filling is no longer widely prescribed by
dentists.

Small variations in amplitude indicate weak or quiet sounds.

The teacher's analysis of the student's academic skills was inaccurate.

The little girl learned all the names of her body parts by looking at the anatomical
chart.
Many anatomist work in universities teaching anatomy.
In biology class, we have been studying the anatomy of a leaf.
It is crucial that all patients discuss their medical conditions with their
anesthesiologist prior to surgery.

Because of his extreme fear, the dentist had to use anesthetics to clean his teeth.
Due to her extreme fear of dentists, the doctor gave her an anesthetics before he
cleaned her teeth.

The bomb had completely annihilated the village.

I had to take an antibiotic for my ear infection.

She was on antibiotics for two weeks before her symptoms started to get better.

Young mothers are encouraged to breast feed their babies because the
antibodies found in breast milk protect newborn babies against infection.
My friend suffers from a blood clotting disease for which she takes an
anticoagulant medicine.
The doctor prescribed an antifungal cream for the fungi that was growing on her
toe.
In antiquity the Roman civilization was very powerful.
When her daughter scraped her knee, the mother used an antiseptic to sterilize
the wound.
She used an antiseptic pad to clean the infected area before applying an
ointment.

Antiseptis are used to clean the area before blood is withdrawn.

The United States' antitrust laws have kept energy rates down. monoply
The jews were kept in the most appalling concentration camps.
Before the rescue workers dove into the ocean, they checked their breathing
apparatuses.

Most apartments in the United States are supplied with appliances.

After several applications of the ointment, the wound finally healed.

Scientific discoveries have many applications in everyday life.

Math has practical applications in real life. relevance

He received his appointment as the university's new president on Monday.

The parents were filled with apprenhension at the thought of their daughter
starting shool.

Ranofer is an apprentice at the goldsmiths.

The bear was very big and aptly named "Big Bear."

The Roman queducts are among the greatest achievements in the ancient world.
The students mixed the chemical into the aqueous solution. watery
Archaeologists uncovered the ancient city of pompeii; the town was in almost the
same condition as it had been years ago.

Frank Lloyed Wright was a famous architect.

She studied architecture in college.

As the hot-air balloon descended behind our house, it made a colorful arc right
above the roof.
She argued her case before the judges.
It was diffiult to follow the lawyer's arguments.
Much of the aristocracy fled during the war. nobility
The orphan turned out to be an aristocrat from an old family. nobel

A solid understanding of arithmetic is crucial for studying algebra. math

The parliament Great Britain is composed of the House of Commons and the
House of Lords.
The Spanish Armada's task was to overthrow protestant England.
She always made the flower arrangements for church.
Articulatory phonetics deals with how different structures of the vocal tract interact
to create specific sounds.

The museum contained many artifacts from the Ming Dynasty.

Most mushrooms sold in supermarkets have been grown artificially in manure. man-made
The boy had many food allergies, and his mother does not buy any food that is
artifically flavored.
The artillery designs were untraditional and although they looked great, they were
ineffictive.
The chest was built by an artisan in India. a craftsperson
What aspect of her personality do you like? element
After the president was assassinated, the country faced great confusion.
His uncle was an important figure in the ruling assembly of their country.

The financial aid was based on her parent's assets.

Assimilating the refugees into the new culture involved much training and
educating.
The assimilation of the refugees in their host country was aided by a creative
training program. acclimatization

Word association games helps people improve their memories.

After his wife left, he assumed the role of both mother and father to his children. adopt
When her mother visits, she assumes the responsibility of taking care of her
grand children. adopts

The astronomer slept during the day and worked at night, when the stars are out.
After studying astronomy in her science class, she was facinated with watching
the starts at night.

In science, there seems to be asymmetry in the way boys and girls are trained.
The Earth's athmosphere protects life on Earth.
The doctor gave up his prestigious job and decided to go work in the slums with
at-risk children.

There was a strong attraction between the two people.

Public speaking skills and honesty are attributes that a presidentail candidate
must have.
He attributed his success to the moral values his mother had taught him. credit
He attributed his longetivity to smoking a cigar every day.
She was an auditory learner and often memorized while listening to music.

In an authoritarian form of government, citizens have very limited rights.

She had complete authrority over her servants. power
Establishing the authorship of ancient manuscripts is a daunting task.
The auxilliary unit her husband belonged to was deployed to Irag. additonal
During the 1930s, America recaptured the technological lead in aviation.
Students are banned from bringing fire arms to school. forbid
She decided not to marry John because she felt he was too barbaric. barbarous
She lived simply by only purchasing the bare necessities. mere

In chemistry, a base is a substance that can accept protons.

There is much debate about when the bible was written, but some scholars
believe that the current first five books continued to be edited until about 800
BCE.
Her belief that she would be rewaded in heaven allowed her to live a very
sacrificial life.
The increase in sales was benefical to the company, who was on the verge of
bankrupcy. advantageous
The mother's comments were not beneficial when she presented her arguments
for buying a car to her father.
The new department store brough many benefits to the city.
After taking a sculpting class, she discovered her artistic bent. tendency
The queen bestowed a medal to the soldier for his bravery.
In biblical times, people often lived for a very long time.
Binocular vision is vision in which both eyes are used together.

In biology, binomial nomenclature is how species are called.

She wanted to be a doctor and decided on biochemistry oas her major.

I would not be surprised if they made a biographical movie about Mother Theresa.
Three of her children were biological and three were adopted.
Many people regard New York as the birthplace of pizza.

She blatantly told lies, to get her way.

The blending of the two families was not easy at first. mix
The word 'clash' is a blending of two words: clang and crash.

There are some foods that can cause blood poisoning in pregnant women.

The blood vessels transport blood throughout the body.

There was muh bloodshed after the battle.

It was too late to save the girl; the poison had entered her bloodstream.
After the impact of the accident, her surroundings began to blur.
The student body decided to plant trees around the campus.

A molecule is two or more atoms joined together through a chemical bond.

The government's attemt to break the bonds of poverty is making strides.

She invested her money in government bonds rather than stocks because she
didn't like to take big risks.

Frisco is the fasttest booming city in the United States. flourish

The New York Botanical Garden is one of the oldest and largest botanical
gardens in the world.
He broke up with his girlfriend because her bourgeoisie family would not allow her
to marry him.
Most American elevators have Braile to accommodate the visisually challenged
people.
The girls all admired the bravery of the new student.
After working on his invention for over 15 years, he finally had a breakthrough.

The prisoner offered a bribe to the guard so that he could break free.

Reading classic books are the building blocks to a good education.

When they opened up the safe of the king, the found boxes of gold bullion.
My friend was burdened by the fact that she now had to care for her sister's five
children.
The company contineud to lose money because of their highly bureaucratic
procedures.
By and large, there is not much to be said of the new system.

Illness is a by-product of overcrowded living conditions.

The waiter made an error in calculating the total bill. computing

One problem with pleasure ccalculus is that it is dificult to measure pleasure.

They asked a calligrapher to hand write all their wedding invitations.

The camaraderie between the brothers astonished everyone. friendship

During his presidential campaign, he promised to lower taxes.

The doctors did not realize the fibroids were cancerous until they opened up the
patient.

The way canon laws are intrepreted among churches varies.

He had remarkable capabilities and was soon promoted to the position of CEO.
When Michael Jackson had his concert in Korea, the stadium was filled to its
capacity.
Capillarity is when the surface of a liquid contacts a solid is elevated or
depressed, because of the relative attraction of the molecules of the liquid for
each other and for those of the solid.
Efficiency is important in a capitalist economy.

The tourist captured the entire bank robbery on her video camera.

She could no longer eat rice; her doctor had put her on low carbohydrate diet.

Injesting carbolilc acid can cause death.

The government found the drinking water to be carcinogenic.

Blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular system.
She made a career change when she was 50 years old.
Carroting is no longer used in the process of making felt hats.
Casting is used for making parts of complex shape that would be difficult or
uneconomical to make by other methods, such as cutting from solid material.

The king did not allow any jousting in the castle.

The librarian had to catalog the 2,000 books that were donated. record
Many people refer to catastrophic events as an act of God.
He made a categorical statement that he was telling the truth. absolute

The books are categorized by the author's last name.

No one really knows who built the great cathedrals in Europe.
Cations have a positive charge because there are more protons than electrons.
The cavalry fought wigh great intensity.
Many cities put flouride in their water to prevent cavities in children.
Many people celebrate Easter by going to church.
He was once a celebrated actor who made a lot of money. famous

Cellobiose molecule is derived from the condensation of two glucose molecules.

The city government's main goal was to centralize the education system.

The most commonly known cerebrovascular disease is stroke.

With the bad weather, it’s a certainty that the flights will be cancelled.
Her diamond ring came with certifiation of its quality and value.

She is a very motivated and intelligent person and she will rise to the challenges
of her new job.
The foundation was set up for championing family education. defending
The new Chancellor of Germany came to visit the United States.
Kimchee has a characteristic ordor that offends many westerners. distinctive

One of the characteristics of a gifted child is their ability to solve complex puzzles.
My phone went dead during a very important conversation because the battery
was not charged.
Charged particles can be positive, negative, or neutral.
The bank took a risk and chartered a branch in Africa.
Chemotherapy is effective in treating cancer.
Chicken pox is highly contagious; you need to stay indoors if you have this
disease.
He was denied the chiefdom of his tribe because of his light colored skin.
The chieftain had become a Christian and ordered his people to kill no more.

She fell in love with her husband because of his chilvary.

Sodium chloride is the chemical name for table salt.

Chlorination will remove impurities from your drinking water.

She developed an allergic reaction to the chlorine in the swimming pool.

Christianity was introduced to Korea over 100 years ago.

Police often use chromatography to identify drugs in urine and blood samples.
The ciliary body inside the eye is part of the uveal tract—the layer of tissue which
provides most of the nutrients in the eye
Cinnabar is generally found in a massive, granular or earthy form and is bright
scarlet to brick-red in color.

The news of the student's dismissal circulated throughout the school.

The newspaper company went out of business because of their lack of
circulation.
The circumstances which led to her success is awe inspiring. conditions

Oranges and lemons are citrus fruits.

Rome and Athens were two of the greatest city-states in the ancient world.

Divorce cases are coverd under civil law rather than criminal law.
The civil officers were reprimanded for criticizing their government.
The Civil War in the United States was between the north and south.

When they landed on the island, they did not see any signs of civilization.

The people were not as civilized as she thought they would be.
The couple advocates the classical roles of husband and wife.

The presidential candidates asked for advice from the clergy.

I know it's such a cliché, but I really do want you to have a nice life.

The city officials wanted to create an ethical political climate and prophited council
members from receving any gifts.
She often has big bruises beause her body is not able to clot the blood.
The many different educational ideas coalesced into one main theory.

When the military's communication system shut down, they had to use code so
that the enemy would not intercept their messages.

The Babylonians codifed the Jewish laws.

The manger worked incessently to codify the office procedures. arrange
After they pulled her out from the debris, she lacked coherence to account the
details of the accident.
Molelcules that are cohesively bonded remain fixed and in a set pattern. unified

My son had coined a new word and wanted to know how to get it into dictionaries.
The collision was unavoidable since both cars were traveling at dangerous
speeds.
Although she had studied in the United States, she was only familiar with
colloquial English.

The French colonialism inhibited the development of indigenous technology in

Africa.
The French colonization of Vietnam had its basis in economic profit.

The elements on a periodic chart that are in the same column have the same
number of electrons.

The roof of the cathedral was supported by several thick stone columns.

Hot chocolate and a good book is a perfect combination on a rainy day.

The millionaire commissioned the committee to give ten scholarships. authorize
The mayor commissioned the French aftist to paint his portrait.

The country's most valuable commodities include gold and tin.

British common law became the basis of law in the United States.
Mad Cow Disease was attributed to the communicable disease that was now
ravaging the country. contagious
His zeal and compassion more than compensates his lack of experience in the
field.
She was paid $4,000 in compensation for her work.

With the current recession, competition for jobs is intense.

The complexity of the project required several departments to work together. intricacy
There were no compliations from the surgery, so he was able to go home in two
days.

The patient died during surgery due to compliations.

The service station sells the components needed to repair the car. parts
The English course has three components: literature analysis, grammar and
writing.
Because the chemical composition of the solution was unknown, the researchers
were reluctant to mix it with any other solution.
Chemical substances are classified in terms of their structure, phase as well as
their chemical compositions.

Two elements, salt and chlorine, are combined to make a compound. mixture
Compounds are two or more elements that are bonded together.

The company offered comprehensive trainiing for all those that are hired. complete
Education is compulsory in the United States until the 12th grade. required

Most orange juice sold today is concentrated orange juice.

Corrie Ten Boom was sent to a concentration camp because she tried to help
save Jews.
Her new cosmetics had a high concentration of oil in it and made her skin sag.
Most men do not have any conception of how diffiult it is to be pregnant. an understanding
When the baby failed to thrive, ensuring her growth became the mother's major
concern.

In order to fully understand Shakespeare, you need a good concordance.

A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction in which two molecules combine

to form one single molecule.

Conditioning of sexual sterotypes begins as soon as girls are given dolls and
boys are given guns to play.
Watching too much TV is not conducive developing an intelligent mind.
The school principal conducted a school-wide survey to see if they should offer
an afterschool program.
Aluminum has a high level of conductivity.

The doctor presented his new research ideas at several medical conferences. event

Mary was a confidante to the president.

She lacked confidence to pursue a career in medicine. self-esteem
She had configured her furniture so that she could watch television from every
room.
We received confirmation the diplomat was on the plane that had crashed.

She was a connoisseur of fine chocolates.

For some people the word 'pig' has connotations of 'dirty' and 'smelly'.
William the Conqueror was an illegimate son of Duke Robert of Normandy. victor
It was discovered that Roman conqueres wore wooly socks during their conquest
of England.
After hours of deliberating, the jury failed to reach a consensus.
The parents gave their consent for the daugther to marry a foreigner. to give approval
The child was fully aware of his consequences for lying to his parents.

Consequentialism is a theory that believes the ends justify the means.

In order to increase graduation rates, the school consequentially has
implemented a rigorous academic program.
The disease had affected the entire population, consequentially there were no
doctors to assit in the hospitals. significantly
After ten months of physically theraphy, his ability to walk was considerably much
better. noteworthy

After careful consideration of his bleak situation, he decided to sell his business. deliberation
The amount of scholarship offered was the most important consideration in
choosing a university.

The color and texture was an important consideration in their decision.

In order to grow the bacteria, the temperature must be constant.
Many people who do not exercise, sit all day at work, and lack fiber in their diets
suffer from constipation.

The looked at the constituent parts of the proposal.

Many scientists have pondered what constitutes a healthy marriage. form
The constitution of the United States grants freedom of religion for its people.
The Constitution of the United states, which contain the fundamental laws of the
country, was adopted in 1789. law

Britain is an example of a constitutional monarchy.

When the econmy improved the consumption of beef by consumers also
increased.
The viral infection was vey contagious, thus she was barred from getting on the
plane. communicable
The forest fire could not be contained, and it ultimately burned down 2,000 homes
in the nearby vacinity.

Containment of crowd violence was the police's main concern.

The evidence was contaminated because so many people had touched with with
their bare hands.

She chose to live in this city because she liked the contemporary buildings. modern
She favored contemporary over classic designs. modern

Although she did not understand the word, she was guess the meaning from the
context.

The news forcasted tomorrow's weather to be a continuation of today's.

The continuation of her business was not affected by the riot.
Keeping physically fit and eating well prevented the surgeon from contracting the
flu.

The contraction of certain muscles in our body enable our arms and legs to move.

He was an inventor and always had strange contraptions in his garage.

If you contrast the personalities of the two brothers, you will see which one took
after the mother.
During Christmas, citizens are urged to contribute something for the needy.
The church members contributed generously to the hurricane victims.
Abstinance is a very controversial subject among educators. debatable

Major controversy regarding his service records surrounds the new presidentail
candidate. strife

Guests should always follow conventions at parties by always thanking the host. rule

The national convention had the task of rebuilding after the government.
All the various roads converge at the main gate.
Her conversion of faith surprised the entire family.

The tourists converted their American dollars into Euros.

The human body converts the food we eat into energy that we can use. tranform

I was not able to convey all of my thoughts in the two minute speech.
The president's convictions about the war was unwavering.

In kindergarten, one of the learning goals for children is cooperation.

Equal rights for women was at the core of her arguments. essence
The cornea covers the iris and the pupil.
After dissecting several corpses, she decided to drop out of medical school; it
was too much stress for her. a cadaver
There was no identifying mark on the corpse.
Household bleach is a strong corrosive that can burn or irritate the skin.

She is very concerned about her beauty and spends a lot of money on cosmetics.

His gambling addition cost him everything--his family, his career, and his status.
Automakers are competing to develop the most cost-efficient automobile.

After a long deliberation, the council decided to free the hostages.

His wife provided wise counsel to her husband.

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.

She coveted her neighbor's lifestyle.

The Amish craftsmen are gifted in producing simple yet elegant furniture designs.

The actor was credited with starting a movement in promoting foreign adoption.
The crimial charges against Jack were dropped.

Murder cases are covered under criminal law.

Low test scores is a crippling problem that is plaguing the school district.
She was a film critic for the daily newspaper.

Crop rotation replenishes the soil with nutrients.

He recently broke up with his girlfriend, and her name keeps cropping up during
conversations.

The student population represented a well represented cross-section of the city. sample
After his brave battle, he was crowned as knight.
The world's top five crude oil producing countries are: Saudi Arabia, Russia,
United States, Iran and China.

The prisoner of war suffered cruel treatment during his captivity. vicious
My brother is allergic to crustaceans; he ate a clam once and developed a rash
all over his body.
When a diamond is crystallized, it has definite and characteristic angles.
X-ray crystallography is the science of determining the arrangement of atoms
within a crystal.
We could not figure out who was eating all the cookies; the culprit turned out to
be their puppy. offender
The cultivation of his musical skills allowed him to tour the world with the
symphony. foster
The earliest cuneiform inscriptions were composed of pictographs.
The little girl showed great curiosity in music.

The euro is the currency of thirteen European countries.

The currency of that country does not contain any coins.

A cursory examination of the water revealed that it was contaminated.

She can not eat cheese because she is allergic to all dairy products.

The city had the daunting task of rebuilding after the fire.

After the war, many firearm factories were deactivated.

The toys were recalled because it had been painted with a deadly substance. destructive

The debate about mandatory school uniforms still continues today. deliberation
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a very debilitating disease requiring the patient to
rest for long periods of time.
Too much sugar in a child's diet can cause teeth decay.
Five of the deceased were students.
Most drivers instinctively decelerate when they see a police car.

Her training in the military allowed her to decipher the enemy's code. decode
Gold increases in value over time, however, appliances declines in value. decrease

The teacher had great dedication to her students.

The father deemed it was time the son left and lived independently. judge
The defeated army returned home full of shame.
The defenders of the city gave up when they were outnumbered by the besieging
army.
The defense presented an effecive argument to the judge.
She showed deference to her husband in planning their vacation. concern
Pregnant woman often suffer from iron deficiency. lacking
The baby did not grow because her diet was deficient in calcium. insufficient
There was a shart deflation in automobile prices.
Because he likes to control everything, he does not delegate any responsibilities
to his subordinates. authorize

The demand for the talking doll was high during the Christmas holiday.
Bob's boss was very demanding.
The house was completey demolished during the earthquake.
Children can demonstrate our love for our parents by obeying them. show
The density of a bowling ball is higher than a basketball.

Deontologists believe that ethical rules "bind you to your duty."

The country's natural resources are rapidly being depleted.

He he dove into the swimming pool, he did not realize the depth of it. deepness

The mother derived great pleasure from watching her twins play.
She derived great pleasure from watching her grandchildren sing.
She is a desdendant of Thomas Jefferson. heir
The mother designated her best friend as the baby's guardian in the event
anything should happen to her. specify
The disirability of wanting a new car grew in his heart as he saw his friends all
aquiring new automobiles.
Ivan the Terrible was a Russian despot who ruled for over 30 years. autocrat

It was destiny and not an accident that brought lovers together. fate
The mother had not seen her while she was in prison, and she felt very detached
from them.
Her detatchment from her children was the only option available to her since
losing custody of them. aloofness
The host didn't want the family to get lost, so she gave a very detailed map to her
house.
The children were not able to detect the posion in the hamburger, which
ultimately led to their death.
Ecnomic Determinism explains a social structure and culture as a product of the
social and technical organization of economic life.
The flood was detrimental to the farmers that were counting on their crop for
survival.
Her poor study habits proved to be detrimental in her ability to get into a good
college. harmful
The devasted village took twenty years to rebuild. ravaged
The devastating news caused her mother to have a heart attack.
The hurricane was devastating because it affected the entire village.
The soldiers were praised for their devotion to their country. loyalty

Diabetes is occuring more often in children who are obese.

The diagnoses of her condition was not favorable; she had cancer.
The physican had difficulty diagnosing her medical condition beause of the
unclear symptoms.

Some experts estimate that there are over 8,000 dialects spoken in China.

There is a dichotomy of what the mother says and she does.

The government dictates how families must educate their children. to command

Germany under the leadership of Hitler became a dictatorship.

Yogurt helps the digestion process to move along smoothly.

The priest was a man of great dignity. worthiness

The word "boil" is an example of a dipthong.

The purpose of the directive was to outline the procedures for releasing
government records to the public.
The universities diretory included two former presidents.
The disease had left my sister disabled, and she was no longer able to use her
legs.

Sucrose, table sugar, is a disaccharides.

Atheletes who are not physically fit have many disadvantages during a
tournament.
The policeman disarmed the thief's weapons.
After the surgery, his speech was not discernible at all; he had to write everything
down. distinguishable
Jesus had 12 orginal disciples.
In order for students to do well in school, they need self discipline.
There was a discrepancy between the price on the price tag and what she was
actually charged. inconsistency

The disease was passed down through three generations. sickness

The actress looked completely different after she had applied disfiguring make up
on. deform
Periodically disinfecting the home is crucial for families with small children. sterilize
Disinfection is an important step in ensuring that water is safe to drink. sterilization
The discovery of diamonds in the country caused a greater disparity between the
rich and poor.
There is a big disparity between the rich and poor. inequality

There were no traces of the culture because it had dispersed completely. dispeled
Dispersion is the quality in a diamond that produces sparkles of color in an
otherwise colorless stone.
The dispersion of Israelites out of Israel is known as the Jewish Disapora.
When people have a picnic, they prefer to use disposable plates.
His theory of life on the sun was disproved by scientific evidence. refute
The landlord and the tenant have a dispute over the rent. court case

The church building was in a condition of disrepair after the earthquake.

They had to remove the little boy from the classroom because his behavior was
very disrupting.
The neighbors barged into the house, disrupting the family's quiet dinner. disturb
When the new manager arrived, there was much dissatisfaction among the
workers. discontent
When they had dissected the plan, they realized it did not have a solid
foundation.
Many high school biology students look forward to the dissection of the frog.
It is easier to dissolve salt in hot water than it is in cold water.
After the scandal of the president, the company dissolved.
To make a distillate, wine is heated in an enclosed copper pot until it boils and the
alcohol evaporates.

She is color blind and is not able to distinguish between red and green colors.
The children's singing was a huge distraction for him.
The church distributes free dinners on Thanksgiving Day.
San Francisco has a very diverse population. varied

Dams are used as river diversions.

The divide between the rich and poor increased after the new tax laws were
implemented.

The Christian advocates the imortance of the nuclear family.

He could not cross the border because he did not have correct documentation.

They domesticated the wolf and now he is considered to be a part of the family.

Healthcare was a dominant issue during the presidential debate.

The primary donor of the museum wanted to remain annonymous. giver

It is very important that you take the correct dosage of the medicine.
Rampant corruption was the cause of the downfall of the empire.

His downfall was caused by his empty promises.

San Francisco is one of the most beautiful cities in the world; the downside,
however, is that it is very expensive to live there. disadvantage

He spent the night drafting his argument for his case.

When the normal disciplinary methods were not effective, the teacher had to take
drastic measures.
After the allergic reaction to peanut butter, the family had to drastically alter their
eating habits. severly
The benefits of the new project are apparent, but we also need to consider any
drawbacks. disadvantage
Large droplets of rain fall faster than smaller droplets.
Gold and aluminum are metals that have high ductility.

Durable items in the house inclue such items as appliances and furniture. strong
She used several bright dyes to give her fabric a very refreshing feel.
The dynamics between the teacher and student was not a positive one.

The Han dynasty ruled for over 400 years.

In terms of education, she had an edge over the other applicants.

Many merchants are ignoring the governments edits about selling alcohol on
Sundays.
The school teaches strategies for using your memory effectively.
The teacher made an egregious mistake, and the students had to take the test
over. flagrant

The stained glass windows had elaborate designs. detailed

The elaborate wedding would require 300 servers. detailed
Natural gut tennis strings offer more elasticity than synthethic strings.
The American president is elected for a four year term.

A battery has two electrodes, a cathode (positive electric current) and an anode
(negative electric current).
Electrolysis involves separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by
passing an electric current through them.
When you exercise you lose much electrolytes through your sweat.
Electromagnetic radiation is classified into types according to the frequency of the
wave: these types include, in order of increasing frequency, radio waves,
microwaves, terahertz radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet
radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
Electrons spin around outside the nucleus.

The electron microscope has a higher magnification than an optical microscope

which allows for greater obeservation of small objects.
Atoms that are more electronegative attract more electrons.

Electrons circle the nucleus of an atom.

An element has the same number of protons as electrons.

In a hydron atom, there is an electrostatic attraction between the proton and the
electron.
The princess was known for her elegance and charm.

As of 2006, scientist know of 117 elements.

Through the use of effective vaccines, polio has been eliminated from the United
States since the 1970s. remove
We eliminated all meat from our diet. abolish
The new cleaning solution promises to eliminate all household ordors. remove
Factors affecting effective cooperation of the team members are perceptions
emanating from the failure of past projects. emit
In order to understand the Egyptian culture, our science class embalmed a
chicken.

The United States placed an embargo on imports from Canada.

The emergene of fast food threatened the physical well being of children.
Automobile emissions contribute to environmental problems such as smog. discharge
Our broken television emits a rattling sound from the speakers.

The British empire was one of the largest empires in history.

The last famous empiricist is David Hume (1711-1776) a Scottish philosopher.

He was laid off from his job and is not looking for employment. job
The army's method of encoding was inadequate which allowed the enemy to
figure out their plans.
The International Studies major encompasses many different disciplines.
She grew up in a very sheltered environment and had never encountered any
rude people.

My teacher always encourages me to do my best.

Her endeavor to become a doctor was finally realized when she received a
scholarship for medical school. effort

The CEO gave his endorsement to the republican candidate.

The senator won the endorsement of the president. approval

In mythology, the gods are endowed as having human traits.

The dynasty endured several invasions from its neighbors. existed
I will have many enduring memories of my time in Africa.
My brother was a civil engineering student in college; he hoped to build briges
one day.

She studied civil engineering because she wanted to build bridges.

When James woke up from his nap, he was surprised to find an enormous teddy
bear sitting on his bed. huge
The little boy entertained himself by watching TV. amuse
I have never read the book in its entirety. whole

Although the organizations work together, they are all separate entities.
A typical dictionary entry contains the part of speech, defination, and the number
of syllables.
Many schools are teaching their students to become more aware of
environmental issues.
While she was growing up, she never envisioned herself getting married.

Homer's Illiad and Odyssey are considered epics.

Many researchers are trying to find a cure for the AIDS epidemic. outbreak

Every winter, there is an epidemics of the flu in most communities.

The avian flu epidemic scared the entire country.
Epistemology is mainly concerned with analyzing the nature of knowledge and
how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification.
Wisdom and knowledge cannot be equated.
There needs to be euity in education for all children regardless of their sex, race
or religion. justice
The government concentrated all their efforts to eradicate corruption. remove
Coca eradication is a controversial strategy strongly promoted by the United
States government as part of its "War on Drugs" to eliminate the cultivation of
cocaine.
Eradication of polio was possible with the discovery of a vaccine. destroy
She espouses the view that women should have equal rights as men.
Her speech was very clear on her stance espousing women's rights.
A sense of humor, love, and respect are essential for a good marriage. necessary
Water is essential to human survival. indispensable
There is much debate around the ethics of human cloning.
The ethics of journalism is much debated.
As a linguist, she always carried an etymological dictionary incase she
encountered a new word.
The sun evaporated the bowl of water that was sitting outside.

Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves.
Evaporation is the process in which water is transformed from its liquid state to
vapor state.
With the evolution of personal computers, people are able to communicate much
more effectively.
The seriousness of the situation had been exaggerated and did not require 20 fire
trucks.
Her son excelled in math in school.
The exceptional violinist started playing her instrument at the age of three. superior

The company has exclusive rights to sell the cell phones in Latin America.
This book is offered exclusively through the internet.
The button the little boy had swallowed came out of his body excrementally.
The execution of the plan will require the entire team. doing

The president is the chief of the executive branch of the American government.
He was an exemplary student, and the teacher wished more students were like
him.

The two novels exemplied the poor circumstances in which he was raised.
After the terrorist attack, there was a mass exodus of people from the city.

Humans have used armors an artifical exoskeleton.

The rapid expansion of the telecommunications industry led the inventors to
become wealthy very quickly.

Many American artists live as expatriates in Europe.

She did not have much expectations from the blind date.
She did not live up to her mother's expectations.

On his first trip, Columbus led an expedition with three ships.

Her expertise in psychology swayed the jury to a guilty verdict.

The mother explicitly told her children to clean their room, but they did not obey.
Some textile factories exploit children and make them work under deplorable
conditions.
The company went out of business because of their exploitation of minors in their
factories abroad.
The exploitation of the companys resources was crucial in order for the company
to make a profit.

Christopher Columbus was a famous explorer.

The terrorists hid the explosives inside toy dolls.

He uses his blog to expound his views on same-sex marriage.
The details on the stained glass window were exquisite. perfect

The extension of our math knowledge was limited to algebra. extent

His new phone did not cover an extensive range and could only be used in the
city.
The extent of the damage caused by the fire was not known.
Due to cavities, the dentist had to extract 10 teeth. pull out
Because of the cavity, the tooth was extracted.
The judge got tired of the lawyer's extraneous arguments. irrelavent
Her extraordinarily beauty captivated every man that entered her office.

Extrusion produces items such as adhesive tape and wire insulation.

The diamond cutter carefully made facets on the diamond.

There were several factions that fought for control of the country.
One of the greatest factors in the singer's decision to perform in Europe was that
her mother had grown up there.
The prolonged war caused a famine in the entire country.
The court verdict had far-reaching effects on the way children are educated.
The tour offered a facinating view of the city's history.
I find Asian cultures facinating. absorbing
Taking the wrong drugs can be fatal.
Her brother won the critic's award for his feature-length docomentary on the
holocaust.
When the suspect swallowed the evidence, the police had to wait until it came out
through the fecal matter.
In theory, they were brothers; however, jealousy, envy and hatred existed with the
fellowship of the Round Table.

Kimchee ferments faster in warmer temperature.

It is important that you purchase the correct fertilizers for your plants.

The feudal system lasted for over six centuries in Europe.

Feudalism was common during the middle ages.

The thieves were caught because the police was able to trace the cloth fibers
found at the scene of the crime.

Land in medieval times was broken up into fiefs.

The rich father refused to finance any of his son's adventures since all proved to
be unsuccessful.
After financing the medical project for years, the people decided to end their
support because they did not see any results.

The chocolate chip cookie tasted awful because she forgot to put in vanilla
flavoring.

The military had an impressive fleet of sailing ships.

We had to stop watching TV because there was too much flicker; we need to get
the TV fixed. move
The orphan flourished in her new environment. developed
Because of his fluctuating grades, his parents decided to homeschool him so that
he could get more individulized help. to shift
The story lacked coherence and fluidity.
Some studies have shown flourescent lights can increase intelligence.

I am amazed at his foolhardiness of going after all 10 gang members by himself.

The husband announced he had found a foolproof way for a successful marriage:
always wash the dishes.
Smoking is forbidden inside any buildings.
After graduating from college, she visited over 30 foreign countries.

He was part of the forensics team in high school.

The students admired the beautiful cloud formations. design
She had lost the formula for her secret ointment.
When the initial project failed, the team formulated a new plan to present to the
CEO.
The soldiers fortified the building by buidling an outer wall.

The enemy first attacked the fort.

The teacher fostered a love of reading in her students. nurture
The parents commitment to reading to their daughter each night built a solid
foundation for her education. base
The university was founded in 1922. to establish
The university was founded by his great-grandfather.
The founding fathers of America envisioned a country that would grant religious
freedom for all individuals.
When crude oil is refined, the lighter fractions (gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.)
are removed by distillation.
He belongs to the fraternity of medical doctors. alliance
The massive accident at sea was caused by the free-floating boats that had
drifted to sea during the typhoon.
In order to promote creativity, students are allowed to participate in free-floating
experiments.

The freezing point of water is zero degrees Celcius.

When she learned of her mother's death, she went into a frenzy. hysteria
Michelangelo's The Last Judgement was painted on the wall of the Sistine
Chapel in Rome.

Consuming too much fructose at once can be bad for you. fruit sugar
Her desire to help the poor was fueld by her religious convictions. intensify

His success if s function of hard work and endurance.

It is important to teach children the fundamentals of math. restrictions
The funding for the school building project was not sufficient, so project had to be
halted.

Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are examples of fungi.

The trip was canceled until further notice. more
Galactose is less sweet than glucose and considered a nutritive sweetener
because it has food energy.
The hunter captured wild game for fun.
Jupiter is a gaseous planet composed primarily of the gases hydrogen and
helium.

Jupiter is a gaseous planet and has no solid surface.

A poll was conducted to gauge the people's interest in the new product.
The queen keeps her gems, mostly diamonds and rubies in a safe deposit box at
the bank.
In order to check the generality of creativeness, a study was conducted with both
girls and boys.
The 2002 World Cup generated a lot of enthusiasm among the fans.
Her big nose was a family trait that was passed down from one generation to the
next.
The disease skips a generation and then appears in males in the following
generation.
When there was a blackout, we had to use the back up generator to keep the
lights.
He was overwhelmed by the generosity of the church. giving
Genetics played a crucial role in their decision not to have any children.
From the time she was a todller, she showed signs of genius.
Her brother is a genius; he started to write poetry at the age of four.

The encouraged her students to read different genres in preparation for the
English test.
Many of the gentry in Boston live in mansions.
Human beings belong to the Homo Sapien genus.
The decorations are distinctive based on geographic regions.

I bought a new globe for my geography class.

There is geological evidence to show that the last ice age did happen billions of
years ago.

The greatest form of geometric patterns can be found in Islamic art.

After having writer's block for several days, he felt an idea germinating in his
head.
Roses give off a very strong fragrance. emit

I was not able to glean much information from the police.

Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells.

They were not sure what governs public opinion of the presidential candidates. guide

This book discusses good governance in democratic societies.

She lived in a government-funded housing project.
The grandeur of the Grand Canyon is beyond words.
Granule is a generic term used for a small particle or grain

Without gravity, we would all float in the air.

Her hatered towards men was grounded in her childhoold experience.
The 130 mile per hour gusts of wind destroyed the entire village.
The daughter harbored a grudge against her father for over 30 years. cling to
She shopped online because she wanted to avoid the hassle of waiting in long
lines.
Drinking too much alcohol can be hazardous to your health.
The father was not the head of the household; the mother was. leader
Because of her love for people and medicine, she decided to enter the healthcare
profession.
The construction and stability of heavy-load ships allow them to carry extremely
heavy objects
Whe was at the height of her career when she got pregnant. peak
Guggenheim Museum is shaped in a helix.
The Hellenistic period began in AD 323 with the death of Alexander the Great.
Earth is divided by the equator into Northern and Southern hemispheres.
The northern hemisphere lies on the north side of the equator.
Herbalism is traditional medicine based on the use of plants and plant extracts.
One of the reasons the distant cousins were not allowed to marry was because of
the hereditary disease in the family.

His European heritage taught him to be chivalrous.

She was hesitant about buying the dress because it was very expensive.
John works in a very hierachical company; he never has an opportunity to
express his opinions.

When they uncoverd the cave, they discovered hieroglyphics on the walls.

The Egyptian form of writing is known as hieroglyphs.

Rather than treating just the symptom, Eastern medicine takes a holistic
apporach in treating disease.

In the movie, Harrison Ford seeks after the Holy Grail.

When the doctors failed to find a cure in conventional medicine, the family turned
to homeopathic remedies.
As the ship sailed smoothly across the ocean, the people could see another ship
over the horizon.
As part of his physical therapy, he was required to lie horizontally for 20 hours a
day.

The word humanism can refer to several different thoughts or theories.

Her father wanted her to be an engineer, but she was drawn to the humanities.

Natural hydrocarbons are found in crude oil.

Hydrochloric acid must be handled with precautions because it is a highly
corrosive liquid; it can damage the skin and the eye.
Many automobile makers are turning out hydrogen-powered cars in hopes of
becoming less dependent on fossil fuel.
Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide are strong bases and are very
soluble in water.

In science the hypothesis is the possible answer you will try to prove or disprove.

Idealists believes that everything we experience is of a mental nature.

The movie had an idealized view of the Holocast.
After living in American for 30 years, she faced an identity crises when she
returned to her homeland.
The illegitimate son sued his father for his fortune.
In medical imaging, doctors create images of the human body or parts of it, to
diagnose or examine a disease.
She saved a lot of money by buying imitation purses. fake
She is an immensely talented concert pianist.

Immigration into the United States is getting more difficult.

He was deceived by the witch's promise that he would be immortal. eternal
With earlier vaccintions, there is more immunity to chicken pox then there was
sixty years ago.

Vaccination provides immunity from many debilitating diseases.

An immunodeficiency disorder may be present at birth or may develop later in life,

often as a result of another disorder.
Immunology is the branch of science that deals with the components of the
immune system, immunity from disease, and the immune response.
The students were hoping the speaker would impart some words of wisdom. bestow
Despite his speech impediments, he went on to become one of the greatest
journalists. obstacle

It is an imperative that we solve the water shortage. necessity

She is a perfectionist and cannot tolerate any imperfections in her work.
Imperial Japan annexed Korean in 1910.

Britain's imperialist activities in Africa lasted from 1869 to 1912.

The guest made implications that the host had cheated on his taxes.

She grew up in an impovershied family and had never used utensils while eating.
He was imprisoned for stealing the car. to incarcerate
The family spent their weekends working on home improvements. betterment
After watching the movie, I had an impulse to suddenly run away to a secluded
island.
The impurities in the blood made it unsuitable for use in the blood transfusion.
After the flood, the citizens were warned not to drink the water because of
impurities.
The oval office is inaccessible to the general public; you can only visit when you
are invited by the president.
The woman was incarcerated for bank robbery. to imprison
Since its inception, the university has been the forerunner in producing highly
trained engineers.
The little girl is quite intelligent and talks incessantly. constant
With the city budget cuts, there have been higher incidences of burglary.
The doctor had to make several incisions during surgery.
She has an inclination to talk too much at parties. tendency

The book incorporates all of his ideas on education. embody

The two accounting systems were incorporated into one. integrated
He incurred many expenses when starting his new business.
The children had learned to live independently when their parents were deported.
The goal of most homeschooling families is to teach their children to think
critically and independently.
Runny nose and body aches are indications of a flu. indication

His relations with his siblings is a good indicator of how he will adjust in society.
He did not want to vote because he was indifferent to what was going on in his
community. apathetic
The mother's help was indispensable in putting on the Christmas show. crucial

The indomitable Martin Luther King Jr.continued to fight for justice. unconquerable
During the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, there was an abundance of new
inventions.
Famine is no longer a problem for many industrialized nations.
No one is infallible except for God. accurate
The teacher was infamous for giving too much homework.
Tanks rode ahead of the infantry.
After treating the patient, the docter had infected the same disease for which he
was treating.
The infection had spread to all over her body; Surgery was her only option.
John was not able to leave the hospital because he was considered to be very
infectious.
They inflated the air mattress only to find out that it had a hole in it. swollen

The balloon inflates when you fill it with air.

The inflation was so bad that milk cost three times as much.

If you add the plural inflection '-s' to 'cat' you get 'cats'.

Her decision to become a doctor was influenced by her uncle.

The war damaged the country's infracture.
Household cleaning solutions can be poisonous if they are ingested.
The boy, who was allergic to peanut butter, had ingested some by accident which
caused his face to swell up.
The mother looked all over town for the ingredients to make her daughter's
favorite recipe.
The native Indians were the first people to inhavit America.

Seoul is a city with 40 million inhavitants.

It is not healthy for children to inhave smoke from cigarettes.

There are inherent danger to any sport.

There was nothing inherently wrong with his proposal. innate

The uncle left a large inheritance to his nephews and nieces.

She inherited her good looks from her mother.

In chemistry, inhibitors slow the rate of reaction.

She was sent to jail for her inhumane treatment of animals. cruel
I initiated a disussion on today's topic.
She initiated a blood drive for her school.
The World Health Organization's Global School Health Initiative seeks to
strengthen health educationat the local, national, regional and global levels.
She had severe allergies which required her to take daily injections of medicine.
Innateness Theory states that humans have a genetic predisposition to learn
language.

Personal computers were an innovation so the 1970s, but now they are common.
Many people bought her artwork because of her innovative ideas.

The word "Inoculation" refers to the placement of something to where it will grow
or reproduce,
The inquisitive child asked questions incessently. curious

The inquisitorial systems seems more economic than the American legal system.
He could not satisfy his insatiable hunger and had to eat five hamburgers.
The inscription on the ring had worn away.
Spraying insecticides around the perimeter of the house prevented the spiders
from finding their way inside the house.

His inspiration for his book came from his long walks along the beach.
The inspiration for the movie came from watching his mother deal with the
disease. motivation
The instability of the market caused the investor to worry constantly. unpredictability
The installation ceremony of the new president lasted for three weeks.

The plumber installed a new sink to replace the broken one.

The little boy instigatd his classmates to rebel against the teacher. incite
Her academic parents instilled in the girl a love for learning.
After the death of her daughter, she insituted a scholarship fund for aspiring
writers in memory of her daughter. establish

The school he founded was the first institution of its kind in the country.
The teacher gave us instructions to sing in harmony.
The child rearing seminar was very instructive.
The surgical team had to make sure all their instruments were in place before
they could peform the surgery.

She plays several musical instruments, and now she is learning to conduct.
If your home has inadequate insulation, your energy bill can be much higher in
the winter and summer.
In most modern homes, you will not see exposed wires because they have been
covered with insulators.
She has to have daily insulin injections for her diabetes.

The cost of health insurance is sky rocketing, making it unaffordable for most
people.
The family was faced with an insurmountable hospital bill.
To avoid the possibility of insurrection, the king killed all of the prisoners. revolt
There are many intangible rewards of raising children.
Kimchee is integral to the Korean diet. essential

It is important for young hildren to integrate learning while playing. mix

The school hopes to integrate the special needs students with the rest of the
student body.

Most books are procted by intellectual property law.

The seminar was attended by intellectuals in the field of genetic engineering.
He had very good intentions, but his involvement in the projected set the team
back two weeks. purpose
There was not enough interaction between the teachers and the principal.
Many students use the words "exchange student" and "foreign student"
interchangeably.

The bank charged 15% interest rate for the loan.

His interests in the arts prompted him to pursue a career in painting.

The forces that hold molecules together are generally called intermolecular
forces.
The interplay of spices gives Korean food their highly flavorful taste.

Many cultures intreprets dreams differently.

Most dentists recommend that you get your teeth cleaned at regular intervals--
usually every six months.

Lanugage acquisition and intelligence are intimately associated with each other.
His invasion of China was stopped by the cold winter.
The country was ragaved by the constant invasions from its neighbors.
She was given six weeks to recover because of the invasive nature of the
surgery.

Many people invest in real estate because they feel it is a stable market.

The inventor was able to market his product with the help of three investors.
The monster was invisible, nontheless, the little girl was still terrified of it.

People have different colored irises--some are blue, brown, and green.
The student's book report was full or irrelevant information.
When she lost her wedding ring, she was deeply sadden; it was irreplaceable.
Marriage between a man and a woman in the Catholic church become
irrevocably united. unalterable

The Egyptians built canals and dams to bring water from the Nile fro irrigation.
Due to her various ailments, it was difficult to isolate the cause of her sickness.
After being in isolation for two weeks, the prisoner was finally ready to confess.

An isotope of hydrogen called deuterium has one neutron.

The major issues of the campaign were debated extensively. concerns

Many movie stars like to wear a lot of jewelry.

The jousting between the two knights was fun to watch.

He regretted the judgements he made against the single mothers.

In the United States, the judicial branch of the government is the Supreme Court.
The Frisco police department has jurisdiction in the city of Allen as well.

The jury decided the defendant was guilty.

She commited her life to seeking justice for abused women.

The army was charged with the task of bringing justice to the villagers. impartiality
She had rejected several marriage proposals because of the bad karma she
sensed from the men.

The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses because of its motion.
In biology, living organisms are subdivided into five major kingdoms: Monera,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
The duties of a kingship include being very diplomatic.
Lactose intolerant people can not drink milk or eat ice cream.

Romeo climbed his rope ladder to reach Juliet's room.

It was difficult for her to climb the corporate ladder at work beccause she was a
woman.
Brown vs. Board of Education was a landmark case that brought an end to racial
segregation in schools.

The landscape was covered with thousands of rabbits.

Because her fibroids had grown too big in her uterus, laparoscopic surgery was
not an option.
Leonardo da Vinci created a mural painting of the last supper Jesus had with his
disciples.
The art program hopes to bring out the latent artistic talents in the children that
they may not reazlie they have.
A lattice is when a positive and negative ion combine to create an ordered,
repeating pattern.
During our field trip to the volcanos on the Big Island, we were able to see the
lava flowing.
Kim Jong Il is known for his lavish spendings despite his country's poor economic
condition. abundant

The Greeks left a rich legacy of literature and art.

After her car accident, she needed some legal advice.
Hammurabi, a Bablyonian ruler, developed legal codes that still influences us
today.
Her aunt was a legendary vaudville actress. famous

The Roman Legions at times consisted of 3,000 to 6,000. army

The French Parliament is the legislative body of the French government

The legislature makes laws to improve the life of its citizens.

A cancerous tumor is an example of a lesion.
When they first studied the African lexicon, they tried to understand the
relationship between the words.
The children were prohibited from playin on the construction site because of the
liabilities the owners can face.
The liaison between the two countries was possible after the marriage of the
pricess.

Lichens can survive in extreme environments; they can live in hot, dry places as
well as in wet rain forests.
The survival of the life forms will depend on its ability to replicate itself.
The mannequins seemed so lifelike that even the manager was surprised.

The lightning looked scarier in the country side with no tall buildings to block it.
It was difficult to see the shadows through the light-opaque windows.
There were limitations to his ability to raise his four children alone.

Living in the city has many limitations for large families.

There is a linear relationship between the number hours students sleep and their
academic progress. direct

She studied linguistics in college, and she hoped to one day become a translator.
Liguists often find jobs in research.

Liquid water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and becomes ice. fluid

She likes to buy gold because if its liquidity.

She has an interest in British literature.

Neutral litmus is purple in color.

He was hired to take care of the livestock.

Her arguments were never logical, and she always felt frustrated after their
conversations.

When the ring would not come off his finger, they used a lubricant to get it off.
Selling used cars was quite lucrative until the economy faces a recession. profitible
The new girl in class has very lustrous hair.

While working at the factory, he was injured by the machinery.

Macroeconomics deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a

national economy as a whole.

Magnetic fields surround electric currents, magnetic dipoles, and changing

electric fields.
Earth has two magnetic poles: north and south.
The magnification of the insect allowed us to see the intricate details.
Magnification of the microscopic insects allowed him to see the intricate details of
the body.
A microscope can magnify an object to show the details.

He used his magnifying glass in the garden to examine the microscopic insects.
The magnitude of the earthquake was unclear until all the debris was cleared
away.
Despite the fact the fire had ravaged their home, she maintained a sense of
normalcy for her children. continue
The majority of the school children were from single parent homes.
My computer continues to malfunction despite the fact it is only two weeks old.

Her tumor turned out to be malignant, and the doctor only gave her six months to
live.
Malleability occurs as a result of the specific type of bond found in metals; Lead
and tin are malleable metals.
The production of maltose on germinating cereals, such as barley, is an important
part of the brewing process.
The delegates were mandated to vote against the proposal.

In their election manifesto, the replublican party proposed universal healthcare.

The child knew how to manipulate the adults to get what she wanted.
The phones at the crises center is manned 24 hours a day.

Medieval manor houses were owned by Medieval England's wealthy.

Most cheap toy manufacturing companies are based in China.
She sent her 600 page manuscript to the publishers in hopes of getting her book
published.

With the arrival of the American military, the host nation's military has been
marginalized.
She had a marked taste for unusual foods. distinct
After working on his invention ofr twenty years, he finally felt that it was
marketable.

The auto market did very poorly last year due to the increase in gas prices.
They called a mason to lay the bricks for their house.
He is masterful at creating magnificent buildings. competent

Fallingwater is considered to be Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece.

She knew the answer, but she couldn't figure out the sequence mathematically.

The mathematics of the Chinese calendar is quite different than the western
calendar.
Wealthy families used to build mausoleums.

"The early bird catches the worm," is a maxim people should not be laxy.

We have taken measures to ensure this type of accident does not happen again. steps
Once the students took the clock apart, they were able to understand its
mechanisms.

Because of their hostile relationship, a mediator was required whenever the

father visited the child.
Jousting was a form of entertainment during medieval times.

She chose the medium of dance to represent her life story.

She represented the tragedy through the medium of dance.
The cell membrane plays an important role in protecting a cell and keeping
things functioning.

A cell may die because of damage to its membrane.

Jobs with the federal government require a mental health examination.

The merchant had to close his business because he continued to lose money. trader

Mercury is used in thermometers.

The goal of our meeting is to merge our differing ideas into one workable solution. combine
Basal Metabolic Rate is the number of calories you would burn if you stayed in
bed all day.
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in
the normal growth, development or reproduction of organisms.
When you have diabetes, it is important that you understand how your body
metabolizes sugar.
Most teenagers ask themselves metaphysical questions such as "What is love?"
and "What is death?"

His research methodology has been criticized by the scientific community.

The teacher used different methodologies in teaching her students.

Many people are not aware of the microbes that are living in the kitchen sponge. germ
The microbial organisms were living on the dog.
Microeconomics studies how individuals, households, and firms make decisions
to allocate limited resources.
The bugs in the house were so microscopic that they were not visible to the nake
eye. tiny
My mother worked as a milkmaid for over thirty years; I worked hard so that I
could escape this fate. dairy maid

She had a very positive mindset; she saw the good in everyone. disposition
Coal is energy that is mined from the earth.

Mineralogists from all over the world came to observe the twenty pound diamond
that was discovered.
In order to minimize the negative effects of television, all the shows the children
watch are monitored. lessen

The minstrel's song described a romance between the king and queen.

The United States Mint operates six facilities in different parts of the country.

The Christian missionaries first came to North Korea long ago.

People who live in poverty have limited opportunites for upward mobility. movement
We can not eat the bread because there is mold growing on it.
The children molded the big piece of clay into a artistic masterpiece. shape

The family had to leave their home because the mold-infested building was
causing their child to be very sick.

A water molecule is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

Glassblowing is the art of using molten glass and forming it into different shapes.
Over time, however, monarchical rule in the colonies began to weaken.
The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.

Some monasteries are open to the public.

The clay pot she found in the dumpster had great monetarily value.
During the economic crises of 1997, the International Monetary Fund had to bail
Korea out.
The parole officer moniters his every move; one bad decision and he goes back
to jail. regulate

Bhuddist monks usually shave their heads.

When two monomers are chemically bonded, they make a polymer.

With the support of the government, the company had a monolopy on the
telecommunications industry for 50 years.

Monosaccharides are also called simple sugars.

Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
As an anthropoligist, he studies the the social mores of various cultures.
Many cartoon characters are able to morph into other characters in an instant.
The mortality of children from the outbreak of the disease surpassed that of
previous years.
Since leaving her country, she had not heard anyone speaking her mother tongue
till now.
He was always very motivated and did well at Harvard.
He is a very bright student, but he lacks the motivation to succeed.
We mounted the children's drawings on bright colored paper and then placed
them on the walls. fasten
Mummification was important to the Egyptans because they believed the bodies
would live in another world.
Since radiation can cause mutations, pregnant women are discouraged from
taking x-rays.
The project will be mutually beneficial for both companies.
It was very mysterious why she would always leave the house at eight o'clock.

Some factions of mysticism believe you can use meditation to reach God.

Zeus is a mythical character.

Zeus was a very powerful mythological character.

Germs are invisible to the naked eye.

Her book was a narrative tale of a man and his search for truth.

There are 299 members in the Korean National Assembly.

His nationality was never an issue until he ran for the office of presidency.
The naturalist at the state park leads daily hikes for over 100 people a day.
Naturopathic medicine seeks to improve health and treat disease chiefly by
assisting the body's innate capacity to recover from illness and injury.
They purchased a nautical map before sailing off.
Historians have found that even ancient ships were able to navigate the large
open sea.
The negatively charged particle of an element is called the electron.
The human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons that carry messages.

The reaction between acids and bases is called neutralization.

You can figure out the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from
the mass number.

She married into nobility and has regreted the decision ever since.
There are six noble gases on the periodic table; they rarely react with other
elements.
When the nobleman was put in prision, it brought shame to his family.

In my desire to see the world, I lived a very normadic life for ten years. wandering

Martin Luther King believed in nonviolence in fighting for civil rights.

While counting the beads, he noted there were very few red ones. saw

While walking around the block, I noticed a strange car parked by the school.

With the divorce rates on the rise, the concept of nuclear family is crumbling.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
The nucleus of an atom is usually made up of protons and neutrons.
For the first six months of life, babies receive all their nutrients from the mother's
milk.

The baby receives all his nutrients from the mothers breast milk.
The baby monkey failed to thrive because he did not receive vital nutrients from
its mother.

The introduction of fast foods is the leading cause of obesity in developing

countries. overweight
Microscope objectives are typically designed to be parfocal, which means that
when one changes from one lens to another on a microscope, the sample stays
in focus.

After she was elected to the presidency, her main objective was to stay in power. goal
The Japanese tried to obliterate all traces of Korean culture.

After making several observations, the teacher gave his student critical advice. inspection
Her obsession with cats was the cause of their divorce. fixation

Japan's occupation of Korea lasted for 35 years.

The young soldier was responsible for enforcing the millitary occpuation in the
small village.
Accidents are an everyday occurances on that street corner.
An octahedron diamond has eight faces that are all equilateral triangles.
The ocular is the lense that is closest to the eye. eyepiece
Her husband does not lilke to eat fish because he doesn't want fish odor in the
house.
The mother decided to cancel her cable service beause of too many offending TV
shows.
The official language in the school was English, although the students spoke
Spanish at home.
The man's offsprings refused to talk to him. a descendant

Her mother made a special ointment that healed all types of ailments.

Australia has always been an oligarchic country.

Historically, many oligarchies gave the political power to the aristocracy.

The onset of his illness began last year.
Operating the machine effectively proved to be a challenge for the soldier due to
his lack of experience.
Jane had the opportunity to travel to Europe this summer.

The upper class oppressed the lower class by taking their lands away from them. subjugate
The daughther ran away from home because of her oppressive home
environment. tyrannical
Optical illusions are tricks that make us perceive something differently than it
actually exists.
Oracle bone is given its name because some of the objects are thought to be
used as oracles.
Because he couldn't read English, the test was administered orally.
Many consider Bill Clinto to be an expert orator; his arguments were very
convincing.
He had a very analytical mind and liked to conduct business in a very ordered
way. well-organized
In biology, order is the category between class and family.
Human organisism are different from other organisims in that they have a thought
process.

The game originated from Asia.

Charles Schulz was the orignator of the famous Peanuts comic strips.
Each ornament found on her Christmas tree had significant sentimental value. embellishment
Her Christmas ornaments were all made of glass. decorations
The outbreak of mad cow disease frightend the entire village.

Her career provided no outlet for her creative ideas.

The children outnumbered the adults at the amusement park.
As an outsider, she was able to see the dangers of the current system.
The woman took an overdose of her medication which caused her condition to
worsen.

The gunmen were finally overpowered by the police men.

Saying "comed" for the past tense of "come" is an example of over-regularization.
The girl's behavior required oversight of her activities.
The Statue of Liberty is green in color because the copper has naturally been
oxidized.
If one element in a reaction contributes oxygen, extracts hydrogen, or extracts
electrons, it is said to be an oxidizing agent.

The ozone layer protects humans from the sun's harmful radiation, however,
human activity has damaged this layer.
She ran at a steady pace. speed

Due to his poor heart condition, the doctors placed an artificial pacemaker in
hopes of improving his health.
The baby was crying uncontrollable, and the only way to pacify her was to give
her a warm bottle of milk. soothe

Panic spread through the entire building when they heard the plane crash.

The damage to the spinal cord left the patient paralyzed from the neck down.

A parasite lives in a close relationship with another organism, its host, and causes
it harm
Light waves are the only particles that we can see with our eyes.

The atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter.

A good education was his passport out of poverty.

His paternal grandfather lives in China.
There are good bateria and bad bacteria; bad bateria are called pathogenic
bateria.

A pathogen is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.

Speechpathologists work with people who cannot produce speech sounds or
cannot produce them clearly.
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions occurring
within a cell.

The princess was a patron of art and supported struggling artists.

She had reached the peak of her career and decided to start a family. height

She was much taller than her peers.

The little boy, unknowningly, shot pellets from his toy gun, which killed the bird.
He had a cramp in his pelvic area, and he had to be taken to the hospital
immediately.
The results per se are positive, but the means of achieving it are questionable. intrinsically
Her extraordinary perception of understanding human emotions was
phenomenal, given the fact that she was so young.

There is a perception in the western world that Asian people are all good at math.

Every student that studies chemistry has to become familiar with the periodic
table.
The family decided to settle permantely in the United States.
The police caught the perpetrator right after he stole the car.
With hard work and perserverance, he was able to raise her grades from F's to
A's.

All three of her children had different personalities.

The personnel at his company are highly trained; they all have a doctorate
degree. employee
Her persepctive of the situation was very different than mine.

Ammonia is a petrochemical and it is used to produce a variety of cleaning

solutions.
Petroleum is considered to be a fossil fuel because it was formed from the
remains of tiny sea plants and animals that died millions of years ago.
Egyptians believed the pharaohs to be a god.
With the population living longer, the sales of pharmaceuticals related to geriatrics
is anticipated to rise 50%.
Many pharmaceutical companies are investing a lot of moneyfor research in an
attempt to find a cure for cancer.

My uncle entered the field of pharmacology because he liked to do research.

The results of the test were phenomenal; she will no longer require surgery. great

The parting of the Red Sea is a phenomenon that can not be understood by logic.
Dr. Frank Laubach was a phonetician who claimed he could teach children to
read in three months.
She has a very photographic memory; she was able to describe the scene in
great detail.

The photon has no mass, and therefore, can travel at the speed of light.

Photosynthesis involves several complex chemical reactions.

Human beings belong to the Chordate phylum.

All the physicians agreed that surgery was unavoidable
Certain physiological traits are consistent within a culture.
Albinism is a skin pigmentation disorder which causes people to have light skin
and white or pale yellow hair.

Ann Preston was a pioneer medical doctor who founded the Woman's Hospital.
In the 14th century, the bubonic plague killed half the people in Europe.
When the plate tectonics theory was developed, it replaced the older continental
drift theory about about the Earth's motions.
The candidate ran on the platform of lowering taxes.
The woman pleaded her husband not to leave her. to appeal
The diplomats exchanged plesantries before getting down to business.
The rats were poisoned.

Not all mushrooms are edible; some are very poisonous.

When she ate the berry, she was unaware that it was poisonous.

There are many forms of poisonous mushrooms. toxic

My brother limps when he walks beause he had contracted polio as a young boy.
Until lead was found to be a harmful pollutant, it was used in paint.
The Mormon church denounced pologamy in 1890, but there are people who still
practice it. plural marriage

Polymers are consist of natural and synthetic materials which are used for a
variety of purposes.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates.

The populace of the village revolted against the king. masses

The populace of the city travel to work by public transportation.

The popularity of the new phone caused the company to expand rapidly.
The entire city was populated by refugees.
The population for the city of Norfork has increased 50% in the past 10 years.
A significant portion of his salary goes to charity.

She commissioned the artist to paint her portrait.

She portrayed her mother as a loving and gentle person.

The positively charged particle of an element is called the proton.
The positron is the counterpart of the electron

Postmodern architecture is an international style that first appeared in the 1950s. cutting-edge

Postmodernism is hard to define, because it is a concept that appears in a wide

variety of disciplines or areas of study

The Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, postulated that the Earth was at the center of
the universe.
The poverty-stricken family lived on the streets.
God is a precious metal thus gold is very expensive.
Biological research is often been a precursor to medical breakthroughs which
benefit patients. forerunner

Coyotes are natural predators of many of the small creatures.

The weather man's prediction that it would be sunny today was correct. forecast
The predominant religion in the village is Islam.
This neighborhood is predominantly comprised of people who moved here during
the 1940s.

In the word 'submarine', 'sub-' is the prefix.

Men were barbaric during prehistoric times.

Dinosaurs lived during prehistoric times.

The forefathers started with the premise that all men are created equal. assumption

Most teachers feel the school's policy on homework is too prescriptive.

Her grandmother's house was identified by the historical preservation committee
as a building that the president was born in.
Refrigeration and freezing are two food preservation methods that are commonly
used today.
In recent years, pressurized rice cookers have come in vogue; cooks prefer the
taste of rice cooked this way.
Presumption of innocence is a legal right that Americans have.
Philosophy of science is concerned with the methods of science, with its
characteristic concepts and with its presuppositions.
Physical and mental abuse is very prevalent in homes where the parents are
addicted to drugs. widespread

Christianity is probably the most prevalent religion in the world today.

She was stoned to death because the people believed she was a witch priestess.
Margaret Thatcher was the first woman and longest serving Prime Minister in
Britain.

One of the main principles of Christianity is to love others.

Johannes Gutenberg made the first printing press.

The prisoners tried to escape by running across the field.

We have a new procedure of handling students who cheat on their tests.

Legal proceedings can take a long time.
Processing the information they learn at school is crutial if students are to be
successful.
I wore the bright red button that proclaimed my choice for the presidency. declare
He proclaimed to be the new king.
He proclaimed his love for her in front of 5,000 people.

The profession of doctor requires many years of education but also compassion. career
Doctors, lawyers and engineers are all professional careers.
The professionals at the hospital were very friendly, knowledgable, and
passionate about their work.
The professionals knew what they were doing; they didn’t waste any time.

She made a big profit selling Christmas decorations.

I have had the pleasure of meeting proundly gifted children.

Several programs were implemented in order to deal with the influx of new
immigrants.

The normal progression of the disease prepared the family for his death. sequence

His healthy progressively got worse, and we finally had to put her in a rest home.
He prohibited his son from going to the party because of his poor grades.
The parents prohibited their son from marrying because he loved someone of a
different race. forbid
Prokaryotes are the smallest and original inhabitants of planet earth.
Members belonging to the proletariat class usually work in factories.
When her husband was deployed to the war zone, she tried to prolong her
goodbye as long as possible.
After years of hard work, the senator rose to prominence.
The event was held to promote world peace. encourage
The school shooting promted school officials to rethink the school's safety
measures.
The teacher had pronounced views on how children should be educated. certain
The paddle boats at the lake are manually propelled.
An element has both physical and chemical properties. characteristic
Many scientists attempted to study the properties of his mind; they were curious
to know what made him so intelligent.

The park is private property and not open to the public.

Hillary Clinton is a proponet for universal healthcare. supporter

I propose that we delay our plans to build the new complex until we have
sufficient funding. suggest
Her neighbor was prosecuted after the police found stolen cars in his garage.
The witness for the prosecution gave a convincing testimony against the
defendant.

The country's future prosperity depends on the educaiton of its children. abundance
American is a very prosperous country. affluent

There are many Protestant churches in Korea.

Protists are a diverse group of organisms that cannot be classified in any of the
other kingdoms; They are classified in their own kingdom.

The number of protons in an atom determines the atomic number of a chemical

element.
The bench under the oak tree was the perfect escape--providing shelter from the
rain.
The divorce agreement included a povision that the mother could not remarry
until the children wer 18 years old. condition

A boy can first show signs of puberty between the ages of nine and fifteen.
His favorite subject in school was public speaking.
She waited anxiously for the publication date of her book to be announced.

No one ever laughs at his jokes because he always mess up the punch line.
Vinegar has a very pungent smell. strong
Western countries have been accused of setting up puppet governments in poor
countries.
After the hurricane, the purification of the water system began immediately.
There is a big movement for teenages where they vow abstinence; they wear
purity rings to show their commitment.

In pursuit of the fox, the cat fell into the river. quest
All administrative decisions are under the purview of the principal. range

After quarries have fufilled their mining purposes, they usually fill with water to
become ponds.

She worked all night in the factory to meet the quota for the products.
She always has a positive disposition; she radiates happiness.
In cancer patiens, radiation therapy is sometimes used concurrently with
chemotherapy.

The accident had radically altered her lifestyle.

Radioisotopic labelling is a technique for tracking the passage of a sample of
substance through a system.

Metal is a radiopaque substance that will appear white on a plain X-ray.

The father decided to quit his job, and the financial ramifications reatly affected
the family consequence
Surgery was unavoidable; the cancer cells had spread rampantly. furiously
My sister is a homebody; it's a rarity to see her at an all night party. uncommon
The lawyer was not very rational when he presented his argument. sensible
There was no rationality in the way he behaved in front of the guests.
When the enemy finished ravaging the village, it lay in ruins.

The built a fence to protect the reaches of their community.

The child's parents tend to be reactive rather than proactive in responding to the
child's misbehavior.
She was expelled for her rebellion against the school authorities.
The students were expelled from the university because of their rebellion against
the government.

The soldiers recaptured the village back from the rebels. retake

The husband and wife recconciled after living apart for 20 years. to harmonize
Reconciling their differences was the key to rebuilding the marriage. make compatible
She didn't want to forget the family history, so she recorded all the important
details in a journal.
Recorded music was possible with the invention of the phonautograph by
Frenchman Leon Scott in 1857.
He recounted the accident with much details.
Christians believe Jesus redeemed mankind by dying on the cross.
After the colonist left the country, they had to work out the redisbritution of the
land.
The refinery in town was fined for not handling its waste in an appropriate
manner.
The current economic situation is reflective of the government's management of
tax dollars. thoughtful
Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation movement in 1517. an improvement
Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed.
Refrigerants are used in Air Conditioners and refrigerators.
The revolutionaries replaced the communist regime.
The temperature in the house is automatically regulated by the automatic
thermostat. control
The goal of most prisons is rehabilitating the inmates so that they can blend back
into soiety as normally functioning citizens.
The family's reign last for over a century.
Many people believe in reincarnation; many believe they will reincarnate as an
animal.
Positive reinforcement encourgaes students to work harder.
When she related the story, she left out the main points.
Happiness is relative to your attitude towards life.
Having a lot of money is all relative and not as important to having good health. comparative

The soldier was relegated to an office position because of his disobedience.

Since conventional remedies were not effective, they decided to try alternative
therapies. cure
The remedy for the solution was only a temporary one.
The remnants of the city's former glory can be seen in huge cathedrals. leftover
He didn't give a clear account of his wherabouts, rendering his allibi highly
doubtful. to make
San Francisco is renowned for its beauty. celebrated
After the bedrest, her strength was replenished.
The representative film about life after WWI won the highest award.
The reproduction of human beings occurs in the union of an egg and a sperm.
Her unhealthy lifestyle had damaged her reproductive system, and she no longer
is able to have children.
In a replublican government, the people have the freedom to elect government
officials.

She felt intense repulsion whenever she went near the man. aversion

She had a very bad reputation among her friends.

She didn't realize there was a reservoir running under her house.
My mother has been a resident of San Francisco for over 30 years.
Residual oil is oil that does not move when fluids are flowed through the rock in
normal conditions. remaining
When rubber tree is cut, resin comes out which is then used to make rubber.
The school faced resistance from parents when they tried to institute a mandatory
uniform policy.
He decided to purchase the most expensive television because it offered the
highest resolution.
Setting your camera at a higher resolution will allow you to maker bigger prints of
your pictures.
A resolution to the conflict did not seem possible.
At a large number of hospitals, physicians can now order an image of the
patient's brain, using a technique called magnetic resonance imaging
Without resonance we wouldn't have radio, television or music.
Her inspirational biography was a resounding success.

The company's resources are its hard working employees.

The two missionaries decided to go their respective ways.

The first and second prizes went to Tom and Jerry, respectively.

The lung is a main organ used during respiration.

The respiratory system is what enables us to breathe.

He is responsible for alerting the president of all possible invasions.

Due to a drought, the city restricts water usage. confine
After the recent bombing, many restrictions were placed on passengers. limitation
His future rests in the outcome of the jury's decision. rely
She has a very good memory and can retain phone numbers very easily.
In recent years, many clothing manufacturers are using flame-retarded textiles in
children's clothes due to the demands from parent groups. delay
When her initial plans failed, she had to rethink her strategy. reconsider
The retina is the most complicated part of the eye; it is like a messenger that
sends infromation to the brain.

The retrofitted computers worked perfectly in the schools. adapted

The revenue from her income property was not sufficient to cover her expenses. income

The judge ordered the jury to reverse their decision.

She purchased a lottery ticket; she hoped to reverse her luck.
The villagers revolted against their leader.

The American Revoloution took place in 1775.

Revolutionary discoveries in science is helping people to live longer lives. innovative

The Earth revolves around the sun.

Her morning routine was very ritualistic--she always ate a banana after she
brushed her teeth.
The groom kissing the bride is a ritual that is part of the American wedding
ceremony.

Rivalries exist between siblings because they compete for their parents attention. competition

Even at the age of 70, he is robuts and plays golf every day.

She wrote many romance novels.

In order to get a better view of the White House, we had to rotate the eye piece of
the telescope. revolve

He has a rudimentary knowledge of the language and is only able to order food at
restaurants.
She didn't realize one of the rungs was broken and fell off the ladder.
He is a ruthless businessman and nothing will stop him when it comes to a
business opportunity. cold blooded
The Catholic church sanctions sexual relations after marriage. to approve

Children need to be taught good sanitation habits from an early age.

The best defense against the dangers of bacteria in the kitchen is
ensuring good sanitization methods.
With most households having two or three cars, the demand for automobiles will
reach a saturation point in about 30 years.

Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales are what is used to measure temperature.

After the sex scandal, the family had to move out of their community.
Scanning the book before you read will give you a general idea of what the book
will be about.

There is a scarcity skilled workers in the counry.

Our scheduled flight was delayed for more than ten hours.
The doctor is well known for his scholarship.

Statistics is outside the scope of my math knowledge.

Sculpting utilizes clay to from objects.

The sculptor created the beautiful statue out of metal.

Some bees secrete poison.
She decided to homeschool her children because she was not satisfied with the
secular public education.
Lucy divided into three segments.
The mother did not allow her daughter to select her clothes each day. choose

The actress was very selective about the colors she wore on stage. discriminating
He was chosen through a very selectively detailed process.

The self-indulgent girl buys a new dress and shoe every week. hedonistic
The parents started to reduce their daughter's allowance in order to teach self-
reliance to their 40 year old daughter.
After the bombing, anti-American sentiments swept through the country. attitude

The ants marched in sequence from oldest to youngest.

The serf was committed to serving his master for 20 years.
Serfdom was a labor system under which most European agricultural workers
lived during the Middle Ages.

The book accounts the details of the settlement of the pilgrams in the new land.

They fell in love because of their shared interest in rock climbing.

A shell can be any seven energy levels on which an electron may exist within an
atom.
The shell of a turtle protects it from its predators.
Although she had many shortcomings as a wife, she was a devoted mother to her
children. a flaw
Despite her shortcomings, James decided to marry her. a flaw

The new fad was short-lived.

Chemotherapy is effective in treating cancer, but the side effects are what gets
the people very sick.
The significance of the new drug was not realized until they started
experimenting.
The accident victim made significant progress in his physical therapy sessions. momentous
The simplicity of the story is what captivated the children.
The amusement park provides space simulating rides.
Her mother is amazing; She is able to teach her children, take care of the farm,
and write a novel simultaneously.

The boy was very gifted and was able to learn five languages simultaneously.
The two important functions of the skeletal system is to provide the shape and
form for our bodies.
When the archeologist dug up the remains, he found the skeletons of several
kings.
Some scientists are skeptical that humans are responsible for global warming.
Her skepticism about his honesty ultimately led to their seperation.

After the snow fall, the road was very slippery and made it difficult to drive.

In socialism, the government pays for most of the education.

Sociolinguistics study the external aspects of a language and the way the
language affects the culture around it.

Too much sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart disease.
Although the concept of solar-heating have been around for thousands of years,
solar-heated homes have recently come into vogue.

The candidates went door to door to solicit votes.

When sugar dissolves and spreads throughout the water in a glass, it is
considered a solution.
A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a
solution.

Water is a solvent for sugar.

A sonogram is another word for spectrogram.

The loosening of government controll has spawned many new businesses.
Orthopedic Surgery is a specialization in medicine.
A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of producing fertile
offspring. a breed
The daughter specifically asked for a black and white puppy. precisely
He could not discuss the specifics of the investigation.
In the hospital, a specimen is usually taken from the blood or urine for further
examination.
In order to determine the cause of the child's illness, the doctor took a blood
specimine.

In a spectrogram, the horizontal line represents time and the vertical line
represents frequency.
Spectroscopy pertains to the dispersion of an object's light into its component
colors.
The spectrum of visible colors is exhibited in the rainbow.
In a rainbow we can see all the colors of the visible spectrum.

Since she never talks, we can only speculate what she is thinking. guess

The fire fighter declined to speculate on what started the fire.

The people had many speculations about why the couple had left the country. conjecture

The witch cast a spell on the prince and turned him into a frog.
The pastor attempted to understand the spirituality of people who do not go to
church.
Splinting is the technique to secure the part of the body that is injured to
decrease further damage or injury to that part of the body.

Our company sponsers a run every year to support breast cancer.

My brother is very spontaneous; he never plans out his vacations.

Everyone loved Jim because he was a lot of fun and very spontaneous.
The father had a very busy schedule and only visited his son soradically. not regular
Her spouse worked and lived in another state.
A staggering amount of money was required to rebuil the house. shocking

I arrived early at the park to stake out a picnic table.

American students take a standardized test each year to asses their academic
achievements.
The eduation system has remained static for the past 50 years.
Many people want to maintain the status quo. present situation
Statutes of limitations is a statute setting a time limit on legal action in certain
cases.

A stereoscope allows a double-image of the same picture to appear to be one

three-dimensional photograph.
All instruments used in surgery must be sterile.
The only stipulation in the marriage contract was that the wife will not receive any
money if they divorce. condition

A stock market is a market for the trading of company stock. stock exchange
Hans Christian Andersen is a famous storyteller.
Storytelling is the children's favorite time in school.
A particular strain of bacteria caused the outbreak of eye disease in the school.

There are so many strands to the story that it is difficult to figure out the ending.

She was wearing several strands of pearl necklaces.

What is in vogue these days is for teenagers to highlight their hair with different
streaks of color.
Streamlining the product approval process improved the company's sales.
As a prisoner of war, he was stripped of all his human rights.

The stroke that her mother had last year has impaired her mother's ability to
drive.

Structural linguistics believed there was a link between thought and sound.

The grammatical structure of the two languages is quite different.

Each scene must be carefully structured and rehearsed. organize
She finally had to move out because of her struggles with her mother. strife

He hated to argue with his wife becausee her arguments were always subjective.
He submerged himself in the swimming pool for 10 minutes and broke the world
record.

Germs are usually submicroscopic and can only be seen through a microscope.

The submissive wife cooked and cleaned for her husband without complaining. yielding
He was convicted of the charges and subsequently had to serve 30 years in
prison.
As the violence subsided, the police were able to interview each suspect and get
a better picture of what had happened.

Because she is a low income, single mother, the government subsidizes her rent.

What kind of substance can withstand the heat of the sun?

Hazardous and toxic substances are defined as those chemicals present in the
workplace which are capable of causing harm.
In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called
substrates.
Our company teaches westerners on the subtleties of doing business in Asia.
She was able to express her ideas succinctly.

Sucrose is table sugar.

While visiting the country she witnessed the suffering of the inhabitants.

The suffix of a word can change the function of the word.

The suggested she practice her handwriting for 30 minutes each day.
A French company was one of the first to successfully operate a supersonic
passenger airline.

There is controversy surrounding vitamin supplmentation and their effects.

His wife supplemented his income by working at the department store. augment
You can see the effects of surface tension when a child jumps into a swimming
pool.
She had to have surgery to remove cysts; the doctors were worried that they
could be cancerous.
Doctors need all their surgical instruments in order to perform successful
surgeries.
They were able to capture the bank robbers because the robbery was caught on
the surveillance camera.
Her survival in the snowstorm depended on her ability to build a snow shelter.
She had to be very careful after the surgery beause she was easily susceptible to
illnesses.
Team work and cooperation were the key to sustaining a healthy work
environment. maintaining

The symmertrical design of the cathedral makes it an esthetical beauty. balance

He used a lot of symmerty in his paintings.

There was a symposium in Europe on AIDS and HIV.

Although he complained of all the flu symptoms, the doctors had to investigate
further because he didn't get better after four weeks.

Down's Syndrome is a genetic condition in which a person is born with lower than
average mental ability.

The words catalog and record are synomyms.

Research of the two langues revealed their syntax to be very similar.

The menu contained dishes that were a synthesis of Asian and Western food.
Many of the clothes are made from synthetic materials. artificial

Synthetic tennis strings are more affordable than natural gut tennis strings.

The businessment had a tacit agreement to share all the profits from the venture. implied

The generals tactics were successful in capturing the enemy.

The effects of the teacher's new methods were not immediately tangible. real

Taoism was started by the Chinese philosopher Lao Tze in 440 BC.

Most people view taxonomy as a rather dry field of science.

The x-ray technician was very good at what he did; he was able to take an x-ray
of the crying baby.
She had learned very good techinques; now all she needed to do was execute
them. method
She is a good tennis player, but she doesn't have the techniques to be a
professional.

The normal human body temperature is 98.6 Farenheit.

The themes of his songs address the fragility and temporality of life.
Even though a pin is heavier than water, the surface tension of water holds up the
pin.
There was a terrible fire that destroyed 2,000 homes.
The queen liked the texture of silk and ordered all her blankets to be made of this
material.
As a child, she enjoyed reading all the American classics.
The deceased was taken out of the room.
The Enlightenment was characterized by by innovations in political, religious, and
education.
Billy Graham is a renowned theologian.

He decided to study theology to better understand his religious beliefs.

In order to become a pastor, most denominations require you study theology in
an academic setting.
Some educational theorists believe education is initiated by students and not
teachers. a theoretician
Thermal expansion is when matter to changes in volume due to a change in
temperature.
Thermoplastics get their name from the fact tha they can be melted and reshaped
and then frozen again.
Thermoset material is stronger than termoplastic material and, therefore, are
used in making work surfaces.
All high school students were required to purchase a thesauruse.

Plato is considered to be one of the great thinkers in history.

In order to view a three-dimensional movie, you need to wear special glasses.
Her brother is next in line to the throne.

The timeless beauty of Micelangelo's paintings delights all people. eternal

The parents were tolerant of their son's bad behavior.

In tomography is a device called tomograph is used to image section by section.

Rather than study they bible book by book, he decided to do a topical study on
forgiveness.

Tort law is a branch of civil law.

He won first place in the tennis tournament.

Many companies are dumping toxic wastes into the ocean which is killing the fish.
Tests of the candy have shown that it has a high level of toxicity.
Toxoids are used in vaccines as they induce an immune response to the original
toxin or increase the response to another antigen.

Once they settled, the pilgrams built a trading post.

Humility and gentleness were two character traits the teacher was trying to teach
her children.

The doctor prescribed a tranquilizer so that his patient can cope with his panic
attacks.

He carefully recorded his transactions in case he was investigated by the police.

Although the business was legal, most of their foreign transactions were illegal.

Some religions espouse the idea of transcending above God through meditation.
The process of transcription happens in the nucleus of the cell.
The ship was able to transmit their message safely without the enemy
intercepting them.
After the tsunami last year, aid came from transnational sources.

He didn't realize he was walking into a glass door because it was so transparent.
Transportable bathrooms are usually called port-a-potty.
Korea's subway system is a very convenient form of public transportation;
personal automobiles are not needed in Korea.

After the gunmen entered the building, the customers were trapped inside.
The climbers traversed the west side of the mountain.
The braver hikers traveserved across the United States.
The car had stalled, and they had to travel on foot through the treacherous
mountain road.

The doctor treated the wound by first washing away the dirt and blood.
They had tried various treatments for his illness, but none proved to be effective.
There was tremendous effort by the community after the neighborhood was
devastated by the fire. huge
She had the tremendous task of organizing the company's annual dinner for 500
people and their families. enormous

There were several different indian tribes in the northern part of the country.
Being in the same house as the accident triggers too many memories for her. initiate
Science was a subject that was troublesome for the youth.
In troy weight, there are 12 ounces to a pound versus 16 ounces to a pound.

Coughing is often the only initial indication of tuberculosis.

Getting married was a turning point in my life.

In preparation for her marriage, she was tutored in proper ettiquetes of a
princess.
Andy twisted the bottle cap to open it.
It's typically American culture to tip the waiters and waitress. symboli

Denim jeans are ubiquitous in the United States; everyone has a pair of jeans. everywhere

An ultrasound of her uterus showed the fetus to be normal.

Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer.
If the present trend continue unchecked, the disease will devastate the entire
town. unrestrained

While working in her garden, she uncovered an antique statue. found

The children behaved rudely because their boundaries of appropriate actions had
been undefined.
The school came under fire for its handling of the classroom shooting.
Given his risk-taking nature, he likes to explore undiscovered islands.

The emloyee was fired because of his unethical sales practices.

In order to promote uniformity in the students' thinking, the teacher recommended
they all read the same classic books. same
The union between the man and woman lasted for 50 years.
A union of a man and a wife is called a marriage.

She always stands out in class; she has a very unique voice. single

The universal healthcare proposal was rejected because it lacked credible

evidence that it would be effective.

She liked untraditional architectural designs and built a house shaped like a
donut.
The foundation was too weak to uphold the six ton statue. support
An uprising of the people occurred because of lack of food. revolt

The urbanization of Texas is mainly the result of European settlement and culture.
The son had usurped his father's kingdom and the treasures.
People of different cultures use different eating utensils; Koreans use chopsticks
and spoon, and Americans use forks, knives, and spoons.
Utilitarianism is a form of onsequentialism that believes the moral worth of an
action is determined by its outcome.
She utilized her time in prison effectively by earning a high shool degree.

Water normally vaporizes at 212 degrees Farenheit.

The solution was evasive because there were many variations of the problem.
There were many variations of the story, but they all had the same ending.

The vassal did not keep his promise to his lord. servant
To make wine, grapes are dumped together in a vat and allowed to ferment.

Her uncle was a vaudeville actor that was known internationally.

For many small businesses, the web is a new vehicle for advertising. method
The company's new venture to create a theme park in the slums was met with
harsh criticism.
The 'guilty' verdict crushed the man's family.
The Spanish that is taught in school is very different than the vernacular of the
village.

The versalitility of his techniques enabled him to create artistic masterpieces.

My sister's version of the accident is different than yours.

The vertical blinds made the house look bigger.

The artistic achievements of the Chinese bronze vessels were extremely brilliant.

The fetus could not viably survive in the mother's womb.

When you set your phone to vibrating mode and your phone does vibrate, it may
startle you initially. oscillate
Her only vice is that she drinks coffee every day.
A violation of school rules will result in detention. breach
He had a viral eye infection and could not go out doors for two weeks.
William J. Bennett wrote a children's book on virtues.
A virtuous person does not tell lies. upright
Laughter is vital for a long life.
Voice recognition is the ability of a machine or program to understand and carry
out spoken commands.
She was surprised with the total volume of powder in the bottle; the bottle looked
much bigger on the outside.
Since the CEO is very vulnerable to criticisms of any kind, the employees never
share their opinion.

The conflict between the two countries waged on for decades.

In the wake of the hurricane, the city lay in ruins.
Germ warfare is a great threat to modern countries.

Her wariness about the doctor's ability caused her to find another doctor.

Her behavior warranted extreme disciplinary measures.

The two warring countries were in conflict with each other for centuries.

The warriors invaded the castle by breaking down the wall. soldier

Waves with a longer wavelength take longer to travel than shorter waves.
The new employee came with a wealth of knowledge.
Having lived in Alaska for so long, I have no wearable clothes for the summer.
The man witnessed the accident from his office window.
Latin is an inflected language where word order is not as important as the English
language.
As a new comer to the company, she was not able to understand the inner
workings of the company culture.

The agency distributes the bible worldwide.

Her family always attended worship on Sunday mornings.