Problemas de Electronica Con Orcad Pspice

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V1 = I1 · (R1 + R3 ) − I2 · R3 ?8
−V2 = −I1 · R3 + I2 · (R2 + R3 ) ?8
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I1 = 1,6mA ?8
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A
12Vdc
R3 Rc
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R4 {RVAL}
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VR2 = IR2 · R2 = 1 · 0,44 = 0,44V ?8
VR3 = IR3 · R3 = 1,16 · 4,7 = 5,44V ?%8
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100ΩA 1kΩA 10kΩ
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VT H = VAB = I · R3 = · R3 ?8
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RT H = (R1 + R2 + R4 )||R3 = = 0,75kΩ ?8
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IRC = = ?8
(RT H + RC ) (0,75 + RC )
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I100Ω = 0,4mA ?8
I1kΩ = 0,97mA ?8
I10kΩ = 0,27mA ?8
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R2
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V1 R5
A
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12Vdc
R3 Rc
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0

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VAB = = IRC · RC ?8
(RT H + RC )
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VAB100Ω = 0,35V ?8
VAB1kΩ = 1,7V ?%8
VAB10kΩ = 2,79V ?8
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V1 12
I= = = 1,5mA ?*8
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V 1 − R3 · I1 + R3 · I2 + R2 · I2 = 0 ?8
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−9 + 1,2k · I1 + 2k · I1 − 2k · I2 = 0 ?8
6 − 2k · I1 + 2k · I2 + 1k · I2 = 0 ?8

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I1 = 2,6785mA
I2 = −0,2142mA

A

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IR1 = I1 = 2,6785mA ?8
IR2 = −I2 = 0,2142mA ?%8
IR3 = I1 − I2 = 2,8927mA ?8

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2.679mA R1 5.786V R2 214.3uA
9.000V 6.000V
1.2k 1k
V1
V2 2.893mA 6Vdc
9Vdc R3
2k
2.679mA 214.3uA

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8 VCC = 6V, Id = 10mA
8 VCC = 6V, Id = 15mA
8 VCC = 9V, Id = 10mA
8 , VCC = 6V ' R = 600ΩA Q& &

Id R
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25
R1
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R= ?8
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R = 0,49kΩ
R = 0,326kΩ
R = 0,79kΩ
-
Id
25
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ID = = = 8,16mA ?8
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R1
Vout
1k
D1
D1N4002 V3
V1 6Vdc
VOFF = 1v V2
VAMPL = 14v 12Vdc
FREQ = 1kHz D2
D1N4002

1

R1
Vout
1k
D1
Ideal V3
V1 6.63Vdc
VOFF = 1v V2
VAMPL = 14v 12.63Vdc
FREQ = 1kHz D2
Ideal

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VOU T = V1 = 14 · sen(wt) + 1 ?8

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3. 3 V1 > 12,63V
3 3. V1 < −6,63V
3. 3. +

1
C

R1
Vout
1k
2
D1 V3
V1 6.63Vdc
2
VOFF = 1v V2
1
VAMPL = 14v 12.63Vdc D2

FREQ = 1kHz
1

1
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7 2 3.A 2 3

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8
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V1 − R · I − VOU T = 0 ?8
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V3
V1 6.63Vdc
2
VOFF = 1v V2
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FREQ = 1kHz
1
0

1
1 2 3. # 2 3
R1
Vout
1k
2
D1 V3
V1 6.63Vdc
VOFF = 1v V2
1
VAMPL = 14v 12.63Vdc

FREQ = 1kHz

1
1 2 3 # 2 3.

+

20V
15V
10V
5V
0V
-5V
-10V
-15V
-20V
0s 0.25ms 0.50ms 0.75ms 1.00ms 1.25ms 1.50ms 1.75ms 2.00ms
V(V1:+) V(VOUT)
Time

1 !
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VOU T = −6,63V ?%8
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Vsin Vout
C1 10u D1
D1N4002
V1
VOFF = 0v R1
VAMPL = 9v V2 33k
FREQ = 1kHz 3Vdc

%1 45

Vsin Vout
C1 10u D1
Ideal
V1
VOFF = 0v R1
VAMPL = 9v V2 33k
FREQ = 1kHz 2.37Vdc

1 45

/

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+

Vsin Vout
C1 10u
V1
VOFF = 0v R1
VAMPL = 9v V2 33k
FREQ = 1kHz 2.37Vdc

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VSIN − VC + (V2 − VD ) = 0 siendo (V2 − VD ) = 2,37V ?8
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Vsin C1 10u Vout
2
D1
V1
VOFF = 0v R1
1
VAMPL = 9v V2 33k
FREQ = 1kHz 2.37Vdc

1 45
1 2 3
VOU T + VC − VSIN = 0 ?8
,'

( * A
1
VOU T + VM AX + (V2 − VD ) − VSIN = 0 ?8
,' VSIN VM AX sin(wt)A ' 5

VOU T 1
VOU T = −VM AX −(VBAT −VD )+VM AX sin(wt)) = VM AX (sin(wt)−1)−V2 +VD

?8
wt1
,'

wt = 0 ⇒ VOU T = −VM AX − VBAT + VD = −11,37V
wt = π2 ⇒ VOU T = −VBAT + VD = −2,37V
wt = π ⇒ VOU T = −VM AX − VBAT + VD = −11,37V
wt = 2π
3 ⇒ VOU T = −2 · VM AX − VBAT + VD = −20,37V
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5V
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-5V
-10V
V(VSIN)
0V
-5V
Transitorio
-10V
Carga Condensador
-15V
-20V
SEL>>
-25V
0s 0.25ms 0.50ms 0.75ms 1.00ms 1.25ms 1.50ms 1.75ms 2.00ms 2.25ms 2.50ms
V(VOUT)
Time

1 45
1

'

R1
Vout
vz
D1 R2
V1 D1N750
24Vdc
0 0 0

1
0
0

8

R1

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0 A

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8 "

FG

& 0 A 1
IR1 = IZ + IR2 ?8
, ICARGA = IR2 = 0A

R1

&

0 A
/

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A
IR1 = IZM AX = 27mA
"

FG-

A
1
V − IR1 · R1 − VZ = 0 ?8
25
R1 ' 'A
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1
V − VZ 24 − 4,7
R1 ≥ = = 0,7kΩ ?8
IR1 27
C
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45

24V 3

6
200ΩA

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ICARGAM AX = IR1 − IM IN = 27 − 3 = 24mA ?8
F

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0 1
VZ 4,7
RCARGAM IN = = = 0,19kΩ ?%8
ICARGAM AX 24
C
4

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200Ω

+

5.20V
5.15V
5.10V
5.05V
5.00V
4.95V
4.90V
(208.093,4.7885)
4.85V
4.80V
4.75V
4.70V
4.65V (9.0058K,4.5585)
4.60V (705.300,4.7167)
4.55V
4.50V
0 1K 2K 3K 4K 5K 6K 7K 8K 9K 10K
V(vz)
RVAL

1 ( 0 7 !
5.0V
4.5V
4.0V (190.583,4.6006)
(1.9014K,4.7121)
3.5V
3.0V
2.5V
2.0V
1.5V
1.0V
0.5V
0V
0 0.25K 0.50K 0.75K 1.00K 1.25K 1.50K 1.75K 2.00K
V(vz)
RVAL

1 ( 0 7 !

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R1
Ve Va Vs
5k
D1
D1N4148
R3
V1 = 10v R2 10k
V2 = -10v V1 5k
TD = 0.001m R4
TR = 50m 10k
TF = 50m V2
PW = 0.001m 5Vdc D2
PER = 100.002m D1N4148

1

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25
V

( A

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FGA ' '

1
V = VZ + (ICARGA + IZ ) · R1 = 4,7 + (22 + IZ ) · 0,7 ?8
2
VA
) & IZ C
)
1
IZ = IZM IN ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 3) · 0,7 = 22,2V ?*8
IZ = IZM AX ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 27) · 0,7 = 39V ?8
C

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0

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1

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6
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3 3 0v ≤ va ≤ 5v
3 3. va ≤ 0v
3. 3 va ≥ 5v
3. 3. +

1
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7 2 3A 2 3
R4 10 2
vs = ve = ve = ve ?8
R1 + R4 15 3

4
)
va = vs < 5V ⇒ ve < 7,5V ?8
vs > 0V ⇒ ve ≥ 0V ?8

1
2
0 ≤ ve ≤ 7,5V ⇒ vs = ve ?8
3
7 2 3A 2 3.
R3 ||R4 1
vs = ve = ve ?8
R1 + (R3 ||R4 ) 2

va ≤ 0V si ve ≤ 0V ?8

1
1
vs = ve ⇒ ve ≤ 0V ?%8
2
7 2 3.A 2 3

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10V
8V (8.50,5.57)
6V
4V
2V
0V (-4.00,-2.13) (5.00,3.33)
-2V
-4V
-6V
-8V
-10V
-10V -8V -6V -4V -2V 0V 2V 4V 6V 8V 10V
V(Vs)
V(VE)

1

6

vs = va ⇒ vs ≥ 5V '

(1
5k||10k
vs1 = ve 0,4ve ?8
5k + (5k||10, )
5k||10k
vs2 = 5V = 2V ?*8
5k + (5k||10k)

A

&1
vs = vs1 + vs2 = 0,4ve + 2 ?8
)
va = vs ≥ 5v ⇒ ve ≥ 7,5V ?8
C
4

6(
6

! 0 $
C
4
%

9

'

6(

+

10V
8V
6V
4V
2V
0V (100.0m,6.2)
(50.0m,-5.1)
-2V
-4V
-6V
-8V
-10V
0s 50ms 100ms 150ms 200ms
V(VE) V(Vs)
Time

%1 3

'

'(&) * C
4
A
4

6

A
' 4 2
4
6

(
6 &
,

6
&

>
?* Vrms A
* K08 '
(
6
( *1A

(

'
0

1

8 , RL = 10kΩ ' C1 = 10µF
8 , RL = 10kΩ ' C1 = 470µF
8 , RL = 100Ω ' C1 = 470µF
2
1 Vf (diodo) = 0,7V

"

(
6
( *1A

*

A

")A

(
(

'

(1
V2 N2
= ?8
V1 N1

' ,

D1
TX1
V1 Ls1 D1N4148
Lp
Vcarga
230Vac Ls2 D2 C1 RL
0
XFRM_LIN/CT-SEC
D1N4148
0 0

1
!4

25

(
V2 A ' '
1
N2 1
V2 = V1 · = 230 · = 23V ?8
N1 10

A

&

( C 1
V2
V2SEM I = = 11,5V ?8
2
C
&/
( &

( /

&/ ' 4
01
√
V2M AXSEM I = 2 · V2SEM I = 16,25V ?8
,

FG-

6

A D1
'

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V2M AXSEM I = VD1 + VRL M AX ?8

)

/

0,7V A '
(
V2M AXSEM I
>
A 5

(
&/

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VRL M AX = V2M AXSEM I − VD1 = 16,25 − 0,7 = 15,55V ?%8
C
&4

4
*

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(

4
3

6

9

100Hz ? T =
1
10ms ' F = T 8

+

20V
10V
0V
-10V
-20V
V(V1:+) V(V2:-)
20V
16V
12V
8V
4V
SEL>>
0V
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms
V(VCARGA)
Time

*1
(

4

0
A

>

A

")A

( /

( (

'

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A '

A 1
IL
Vrpp = ?8
C ·F
Vrpp
( 0

C
F

6

9

A

100Hz
")A
0
&

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' ' F1
IL
Vrp = ?*8
200 · C
,

4
A
/

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& A '

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VRL M AX
IL = ?8
RL

' ,

20V
18V
(15.1m,15.66)
16V
14V
12V
(23.5m,14.42)
10V
8V
6V
4V
2V C1: 10 uF - RL: 10 k
0V
V(VCARGA)
Time

1 (

8
,'

(

( *A 1
VRL M AX
Vrp = ?8
200 · C · RL

(

&

/

1
VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp ?8

? ' 8

RL = 10kΩ ' C = 10µF
15,55
Vrp = = 0,78V ?8
200 · 10 · 10−6 · 10 · 103
,'
0
1
VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 15,55 − 0,78 = 14,8V ?8
C &4
4

(

RL = 10kΩ ' C = 470µF

+

20V
18V
(15.5m,15.42)
16V
14V
(14.0m,15.32)
12V
10V
8V
6V
4V
2V
C1: 470 u - RL: 10 k
0V
V(VCARGA)
Time

1 (

8
15,55
Vrp = = 0,02V ?8
200 · 470 · 10−6 · 10 · 103
,'
0
1
VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 15,55 − 0,02 = 15,53V ?8
C &4
4

(

RL = 100Ω ' C = 470µF
15,55
Vrp = = 1,65V ?%8
200 · 470 · 10−6 · 100
,'
0
1
VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 13,9V ?8
C &4
4

(

4

A

'

'

A & 0
?'

& &
8 2

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6
0

'

(

%
' ,

20V
18V
(15.4m,15.17)
16V
14V
12V
(13.1m,12.96)
10V
8V
6V
4V
2V
C1: 470 u - RL: 100 ohm
0V
V(VCARGA)
Time

1 (

8

'

C

4

(

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A
A '
7
&

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4
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4

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TX1
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D1N4148
D3
50Hz D1N4148 C1 RL
230V D4
D2 D1N4148
D1N4148 0 0
0

1
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(
6
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1
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= ?*8
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25

(
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1
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V2 = V1 · = 230 · = 23V ?8
N1 10
C
A

6A
(

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√
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,

FG-

6

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D2 '

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)

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( &/

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C
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4

(
'
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40V
30V
20V
10V
0V
-10V
-20V
-30V
-40V
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms
V(VCARGA) V(V1:+)- V(V1:-)
Time

1 (
(

4
3

A
6

9

T = 10ms ' F = T1 8
100Hz ?

0

0

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(

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1
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? ' 8

RL = 1kΩ ' C = 0µF
C
0
&/ C &4
4

(

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31,1
Vrp = = 1,15V ?8
200 · 100 · 10−6 · 1 · 103
,'
0
1

+

40V
35V
(15.149m,30.755)
30V
25V
(13.706m,28.431)
20V
15V
10V
5V
0V
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms
V(VCARGA)
Time

1 (

8
VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 31,1 − 1,15 = 29,5V ?%8
C &4
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-120V -100V -80V -60V -40V -20V -0V 20V
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4.0mA
2.0mA
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0V 0.1V 0.2V 0.3V 0.4V 0.5V 0.6V 0.7V 0.8V 0.9V 1.0V
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V
RS
VIN VOUT
800
D5 D6
V1 D1N4148 D1N4148
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 16V RL
FREQ = 50Hz V2 V3 100k
8Vdc 10Vdc

1
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3. 3 VIN > 8,7V
3 3. VIN < −10,7V
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10V
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0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms
V(VIN) V(VOUT)
Time

1 (

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9

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(5.8427m,8.7118)
10V
0V
-10V
-20V
0s 5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms
V(VIN) V(VOUT)
Time

1 =

(

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PARAMETERS:
RVAL = 1k
R1
V
0.5k
VZ
V1
20Vdc D1 R2
D1N750 {RVAL}
0 0 0

1
0
0

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4
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1

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8 !

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@

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8 +
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2
1 β = 175, Rc = 1,8kΩ, Vcc = 9V, Vbe = 0,63V
8 RB = 6,5M Ω
8 RB = 500kΩ
8 RB = 100kΩ

8

+

RB RC
{RVAL} 1.8k
VCC
9Vdc
Q1
Q2N3904

1

C0

RB A

(

1
VCC = IB · RB + VBE ?8
25
IB A 1
VCC − VBE 9 − 0,63 8,37

IB = = = ?8
RB RB RB
,

0

?
IC = β · IB 81
8 RB1 = 6,5M Ω ⇒ IB1 = 1,39µA ⇒ ICQ1 = β ·IB1 = 175·1,39 = 0,22mA
8 RB2 = 500kΩ ⇒ IB2 = 16,7µA ⇒ ICQ2 = β · IB2 = 175 · 16,7 = 2,9mA
8 RB3 = 100kΩ ⇒ IB3 = 83,7µA ⇒ ICQ3 = β·IB3 = 175·83,7 = 14,64mA
.

A
A
&

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( !

A

VCE A '

5

1
2

(1
VCC = IC · RC + VCE ?8
25
VCE

@1

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5.0mA
4.5mA
4.0mA
3.5mA
3.0mA
2.5mA
2.0mA
1.5mA
1.0mA
0.5mA
0A
0 0.5M 1.0M 1.5M 2.0M 2.5M 3.0M 3.5M 4.0M 4.5M 5.0M 5.5M 6.0M 6.5M 7.0M
IC(Q1)
RVAL

1 !
IC 6
RB
VCEQ = VCC − ICQ · RC ?8
,'
1
8 VCEQ1 = VCC − ICQ1 · RC = 9 − 0,22 · 1,8 = 8,6V ⇒ (/

8 VCEQ2 = VCC − ICQ2 · RC = 9 − 2,9 · 1,8 = 3,78V ⇒ D

"

8 VCEQ3 = VCC − ICQ3 · RC = 9 − 14,6 · 1,8 = −17,3V ⇒ ,

(
C
A

(
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VCC − VCEQ3 9 − 0,2

ICQ3 = = = 4,9mA ?8
RC 1,8
C
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Q3
4.5mA
4.0mA (81.8mV,4.955mA)
3.5mA
(3.8 V,2.902mA)
3.0mA
Q2
2.5mA
2.0mA
1.5mA (8.6 V,221.09 uA)
1.0mA
0.5mA
Q1
0A
0V 9.0V
IC(Q1)
VC(Q1)- VE(Q1)

1 !

&
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Si IC = 0 ⇒ VCE = VCC = 9V ?8
VCC 9
Si VCE = 0 ⇒ IC = = = 5mA ?8
RC 1,8k
C
4

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7

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4
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RB ' RC

>

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8 !

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2
1 β = 175, V cc = 9V, V be = 0,6V

2 % RB 1 RC *
%
' ,

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VCC
9Vdc
RB
Q1
Q2N3904

1

, &
0

1
ICQ = β · IBQ ?%8
25
IBQ A 1
ICQ 2
IBQ = = = 0,0114µA ?8
β 175
"

FG-

A

(1
VCE = IB · RB + VBE ?*8
25
RB 1
VCEQ − VBE 5 − 0,6

RB = = = 385kΩ ?8
IBQ 0,0114
"

FG-

A 1
VCC = (IC + IB )RC + VCE ?8
1
IC IB ?8

/

1
VCC = IC · RC + VCE ?8

+

5.0mA
4.5mA (704.1 mV, 4.12 mA)
4.0mA
3.5mA
3.0mA
2.5mA
2.0mA
1.5mA
(8.7 V,149.13 uA)
1.0mA
0.5mA
0A
0V 0.5V 1.0V 1.5V 2.0V 2.5V 3.0V 3.5V 4.0V 4.5V 5.0V 5.5V 6.0V 6.5V 7.0V 7.5V 8.0V 8.5V
IC(Q1)
V(Q1:c)- V(Q1:e)

1 !

&
@
25
RC 1
VCC − VCEQ 9−5

RC = = = 2kΩ ?8
ICQ 2
$ 2
F

&

?
( 8A

5

" /
IC + IB ∼
= IC 1
Si IC = 0 ⇒ VCE = VCC = 9V ?8

VCC 9
Si VCE = 0 ⇒ IC = = = 4,5mA ?8
RC 2k
C
4

&4

&
A

5 @
'(&) * C
4
A

1

8 C
R1 ' RE

>

5 (VCEQ , ICQ ) = (6V, 1mA)
*
' ,

VCC
VCC RC
R1
V1
Q1
Q2N3904
12Vdc
0 R2 RE
0 0

1

8 !

&
@
2
1 β = 175, V cc = 12V, R2 = 10kΩ, RC = 3kΩ, V be = 0,63V A
IE ∼
= IC

2 % R1 1 RE *
, &
0

1
,

FG-

1
VCC − VRC − VCE − VRE = 0 ?%8
25
VRE @1
VRE = VCC − ICQ · RC − VCEQ ?8
,'
1
VRE = 12 − 1 · 3 − 6 = 3v ?*8

1

+

VCC VCC
V1
RC
3k
12Vdc
0 Q1
Rth
Q2N3904
Vth
RE
0 0

1 ,4
(
VRE 3
RE = = = 3kΩ ?8
ICQ 1

0
(
A 4

A 7

4
1
,1
VCC · R2
VT H = ?8
(R1 + R2 )
R1 · R2
RT H = R1 R2 = ?8
(R1 + R2 )
"
FG-

1
VT H = IB · RT H + VBE + IE · RE ?8
,' ' A

1
VCC · R2 R1 · R2
= IB · + VBE + IE · RE ?8
(R1 + R2 ) (R1 + R2 )
,'
1
12 · 10 1 R1 · 10
= · + 0,63 + 1 · 3 ?8
(R1 + 10) 175 (R1 + 10)

' ,

2.00mA
1.75mA
1.50mA
1.25mA
(6.00 V,994.4 uA)
1.00mA
0.75mA
0.50mA
0.25mA
0A
0V 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V 9V 10V 11V 12V
IC(Q1)
V(Q1:c)- V(Q1:e)

%1 !

&

,4
1
120 0,057 · R1
= + 3,63 ?8
(R1 + 10) R1
120 = 0,057 · R1 + 3,63 · (R1 + 10) ?%8
83,7 = 3,573 · R1 ?8
R1 = 23,4kΩ ?*8
$ 2

C
4
%

&

(A
5
'(&) * C
4
A
&

5

9

4Vpp A Vof f set = 2V ' 1kHz
6

' 5
1

8 F
9

Vs '

Ve 6?8

+

VCC VCC
V1
RC
4.7k
9Vdc
0 Q1
RB
Q2N3904
V1 = 0v Ve 120k
V2 = 4v
TD = 0
TR = 0.5ms
TF = 0.5ms
PW = 0.1ms
PER = 1ms
0 0

1

Vs
8

6
&
V e
2
1 β = 175, V cc = 9V, RB = 120kΩ, RC = 4,7kΩ, V be = 0,63V

9 Vs 1 Ve
"

FG-

1
Ve − IB · RB − VBE = 0 ?8
"

FG-

1
VCC − IC · RC − VCE = 0 ?8
,

0

?IC = β · IB 81
Ve − IB · RB − VBE = 0 ?8
VCC − β · IB · RC − VCE = 0 ?8
Vs = VCE A IB ' 5

Vs 1

' ,

4.0V 10V
1 2
9V
3.5V
8V
3.0V
7V
2.5V
6V
2.0V 5V
4V
1.5V
3V
1.0V
2V
0.5V
1V
>>
0V 0V
0s 1.0ms 2.0ms 3.0ms 4.0ms 5.0ms
1 V(Ve:+) 2 V(Q1:c)
Time

*1 ,9

'

Ve − VBE
Vs = VCC − β · IB · RC = VCC − · β · RC ?8
RB
")A '1
Ve − 0,63 1080 − Ve · 822,5 + 518,2

Vs = 9 − · 175 · 4,7 = = 13,3 − 6,85 · Ve
120 120
?8
F )

( '

(A
1
13,3 − 9
CORT E ⇒ IC = 0 → Vs ∼
= VCC = 9V ⇒ Ve = = 0,62V?8
6,85
13,3
SAT U RACION ⇒ Vs ∼= 0 ⇒ Ve = = 1,94V ?%8
6,85
C
4
*

9

'

,

(

'

* '
%
C
4

6
&
1

+

10V
9V
8V
7V
6V
5V
4V
3V
2V
1V
0V
0V 0.25V 0.50V 0.75V 1.00V 1.25V 1.50V 1.75V 2.00V 2.25V 2.50V 2.75V 3.00V 3.25V 3.50V 3.75V
V(Q1:c)
V(Ve:+)

1

6
&

'(&) * C
$B
4

5

0

6
? A

'

(8 ,

9

1,5Vpp ' 1Khz A

' 5
1

8 ,9

VS '

VE 6(
8

6
&

2
1 β = 120, VCC = 12V, RB1 = 68kΩ, RB2 = 680kΩ, RC =
6,8kΩ, VBE = 0,63V, VCEsat = 0,2V

F

RB2

0
(
A

9

,

FG

1
(VCC − VBE ) (Ve − VBE )

IB = IRB1 + IRB2 = + ?8
RB2 RB1
,'
1
(12 − 0,63) (Ve − 0,63) Ve

IB = + = 7,5 · 10−3 + ?*8
680 68 68

' ,

VCC VCC
V1
RB2 RC
12Vdc 680k 6.8k
0
Q1
Ve Q2N3904
V1 = 0.75v RB1 68k
V2 = -0.75v
TD = 0
TR = 0.5ms
TF = 0.5ms
PW = 0.1ps
PER = 1ms
0 0

1

, & 0

1
Ve
IC = β · IB = 120 · (7,5 · 10−3 + ) = 0,9 + 1,76 · Ve ?8
68
")A
(

&1
VS = VCE = VCC − IC · RC ?8
,'
1
VS = 12 − 6,8 · (0,9 + 1,76 · Ve ) = 5,88 − 11,9 · Ve ?8
, Ve = 0V A '

( A VS = 5,88V
,
&

( VS = VCEsat = 0,2v
A
'

( ' 5
Ve 1
(0,2 − 5,88)
Ve = = 0,47V ?8
−11,9
,
& A IB = 0A '
A
> &
,' IC

( 1
VS = VCE = VCC = 12v ?8
,'

( A ' 5
Ve 1

+

12V
10V
8V
6V
4V
2V
0V
-800mV -600mV -400mV -200mV 0V 200mV 400mV 600mV 800mV
V(Q1:c)
V(Ve:+)

1

6
&

(12 − 5,88)
Ve = = −0,514V ?8
−11,9
K

)

0

")A Ve > 0,47V
&

( ,
A Ve < −0,514V
&
2

A

& 0

"
0

( &4
A

&

0
) ?
/

8A

0

6
VS =
f (Ve )A
'

4
2
4

(
"

6(
6

(

6( A & &4

(

4
"

A
( (

/
&

%
' ,
'
1.0V 12V
1 2
0.8V
10V
0.6V
0.4V
8V
0.2V
-0.0V 6V
-0.2V
4V
-0.4V
-0.6V
2V
-0.8V
>>
-1.0V 0V
0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms 2.5ms 3.0ms
1 V(Ve:+) 2 V(Q1:c)
Time

1 (

6(

'(&) * !

'

0
7
4

) *+

(
C &
4

A @.*
)
C-"F ?

(8 $+3F"! ? 6
8 C '

0
5
,

4

4

?V B8 ' ?V C8

C

6

4
(
3

(

6 &
*-
C
)A

0

6

( ?

8A '

& 6

+

R2
0.5k
VC
Q1
RB
VB
VCC
VBB 100k Q2N3904 0Vdc
0Vdc

1

0
(

+
(
F

A

&4

( # ?VCE 8 6

?IC 8A

C

(A

0
(
&4

( , C

( &

A

6 V CC A 6
5 :

&4
'

A '

V BB A

A

&

A
4

& 4
(

&
,

6
0
( V CC A *
*-A
**- C

A 9A 4

? 98
C
A

0

%*
' ,
'

1 4
(

5 U ?
& IC 8

(
6
0
(
V CC

:
VCE
V CC A

(

5 :A '

)

A
6

IB A A

0
(

A

6
0
(

?V BB 8

A
4

A
(

*
* V BB
- ?4
8
A
&
A

V BB

*-A -A -A -A %- ' *-
4

'
7

9

A

0

(A >
6

%
+

1 4
(

%
' ,
'
20mA
10mA
0A
-10mA
0V 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V 9V 10V
IC(Q1)
V(VC)

%1 ; &4

4
%A

&4

0
(

F

5 A

"

6

IC −VCE

IB A

IB − VBE
2
6
A

# A '

6
&

( VBE

0
IB A

A

(

0
(
V BB '

5 :
F

(

V BB ?
8A '
V CC

( 45

4
A

*-
"
4

(
6 V BB 7

4

C

6

*
*-
**- "
(
0

( '
9

0
IB
"

&4
IB − V BB A '
A

5 :
(

# -?-$8 7 →
" $
%
+

1 4
(

%
' ,
'
15mA
10mA
5mA
0A
0V 100mV 200mV 300mV 400mV 500mV 600mV 700mV 800mV
IC(Q1)
V(VB)

*1 ; &4

A

4
*A

#
A
(

/

*- 7
4
C
&4

)

0
(

'(&) *

5

0
(

4
A

β

&
0
( ?
8

( β

F

' )
VCC = 0,7 + IB RB ?8
VCC = VCE + IC RC ?%8

(A
%
+

RB R2
VCC
100k 0.5k 10Vdc
VC 0
Q1
VB
Q2N3904

1

0
(

VCC − 0,7
IB = = 93uA ?8
RB
'

VCE = VCC − βIB RC = 2,467V ?*8

A
0
( 7 & ( & ICQ =
15,06mA ' VCEQ = 2,467V
+
(

A

(

0
(A

'
/(A

(
( ' 5

-

( & ?
+,8A '

%
' ,
'
10.00V
92.59uA 15.00mA
RB R2
VCC
100k 0.5k 10Vdc
2.501V 15.09mA
VC 0
Q1
15.00mA
VB
Q2N3904
740.8mV
92.59uA -15.09mA
0V

1 "&
0
( ? 8

0
(

0
(

4

2
?4
8

0
(

ICQ = 15,0mA ' VCEQ = 2,5V

(
C

(
β

& ( C
β

4
(A

(A '

&

0

β

5

(

& β

4
(

( β

? 5 :8

A '
0
? 5 U8

&
A β

A

0

( ,

4
A

(

(

#*
* A

%
+

1 4
(

%%
' ,
'

1 =

0

β

<
0
0

(A '

4
5 :

C

9

0

0
A '

(

C
A

0

& β
4(A
IC
β= ?8
IB
'

A
0

5

>

0
A '

(

'
6&
C
4
A

6
(

"
9

0

&4

4

A

( β

4
(
%
+

1 ; &4

(

*
' ,
'

1 4
(

(

C

4

"

β A

(

A

+, '

&

( P spice → # .A '

9
OptionsA

6

4
(

( ?Analysis8A

6

( ?4
8

(
0
(A

&
6

A 4

(

A

0(

0
(
&

0
( ? 8 , >

A
0
(

+

R4 R1
15k 2k
VC
V1 Q2
20Vdc Q2N3904
VE
R3 R2
5k 1k

1

0
(
(

'(&) *

0
(

?5
8A 6

0
(
(

A

(

IC

4

+
(
C 4 5

4
A 4
(

A '
( '

(

0
IC

(

A 0
/

5
A '

,
A

,
5 "

4 A

>

C

(

( ?4
8A

0

' ,
'
5

(

4 /(
2" A ' &

( &
'

(A
5A '

C="A

& '

,KC=" +A

0

A
'

C=C!" <!CA 4

C="#,KC=" +# C=C!" <!C2"
<
0

(A

0

(A

&

4
C

(
& 4
A
5A C="#,KC=" +# C=C!" <!C2"
C5

( '

&4
A

A
&

0

(A

A
7 F ile →
!! :% # 5
(

4

(

,
4 2"

A

( 6 ! A
9

0

(

,

0
IC (Q1) IC (Q2)A

A
&4

4
%
3

4
'

6
A Q1 ' Q2
C

0

6
IC (Q1) IC (Q2) ,
A

(

6
A 5 Q1A

0
IC (Q1) C
A

9

0
A

0

& 6) 4

>

(
7A

' 45

IC

A

6

6

=

&

A

+

20mA
15mA
10mA
5mA
0A
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 -0 10 20 30 40 50
IC(Q1) IC(Q2)
TEMP

%1 ; &4

(
IC

4

'(&) * < BC . VP = 1,5V IDSS = 20mA

!

1

8 Q&
(
R
8 QU
( VGS R
8 +
ID

VGSof f /2

)

6

8 25
6

/

6

07#
,
(
VP IDSS
VP 1,5
RDS = = = 0,075kΩ = 75Ω ?8
IDSS 20

+
!
30mA
25mA
(0.0 V,20.05 mA)
20mA
15mA
10mA
5mA
(-1.5 V,7.3 pA)
0A
-2.00V -1.75V -1.50V -1.25V -1.00V -0.75V -0.50V -0.25V 0V
ID(J2)
V_VGS

1

6

( 0
F
( &
( VP

VGSof f = −VP = −1,5V ?8
4 VGS
C
VGS A &

( 1
VGSof f −1,5
VGS = = = −0,75V ?8
2 2
2 2
VGS −0,75
ID = IDSS 1− = 20 1 − = 5mA ?8
VGSof f −1,5
8 %

F

6
&

4

'(&) * Q&
(

4
A
9

*
# ' PK0R
2
1 IDSS = 20mA; VP = 1,5V

' ,

VDD
Rd
10k
vout VDD
J1
Ven
J2N4393 V1
V1 = -3v Ven
V2 = 0v R
TD = 0 1000k 10Vdc
TR = 1ps
TF = 1ps
PW = 0.5ms 0
PER = 1ms 0 0 0

1

9

'

)

?4
81
4(A

VP
VGSof f 1
VGSof f = −VP = −1,5V ?8

A

1
, VGS = −3,3V A & 3! CA VGS < VGSof f
FA

FG-

A '

3! C
ID = 01
VDD = ID · RD + VDS ⇒ VDS = VDD = 10V ?8
, VGS = 0V A
'

(

'

)

A

VGS = 0 F

(

/ ( ?FG-

81
VDD = ID · RD + VDS ?8
F 5 &1
ID = 0 ⇒ VDS = 10V ?%8
VDS = 0 ⇒ ID = 1mA ?8

+
!
0.5V
0V
-0.5V
-1.0V
-1.5V
-2.0V
-2.5V
-3.0V
-3.5V
0s 0.5ms 1.0ms 1.5ms 2.0ms
V(Ven:+)
Time

1 ,9

20mA
18mA
16mA
14mA
12mA
10mA
8mA
6mA
4mA
2mA
0A
0V 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V 9V 10V 11V 12V 13V 14V
ID(J1)
VD(J1)- VS(J1)

1

)

BC .
%
' ,

10k
Vdd vout
10Vdc 75 Ohm

1
(
" ID = 1mA
IDSS = 20mAA

)

(

A &
0
(
A
BC

1
VP 1,5V
RDS = = = 75Ω ?*8
IDSS 20mA
") A
)
( 6

10kΩ '
75ΩA

4
A
( &1
VDD · 75Ω
VSAL = = 0,08V ∼
= 0V ?8
10kΩ + 75Ω
)

")A
9

&4

4
5

(
'(&) * C

BC
4
A

?

;8

* '
#

8 Q& &
(

R
8 QU

0( /( # /(R
2
1 RD = 10kΩ; IDSS = 20mA; VP = 1,5V ; VEN = 20mV pp

+
!
20V
16V
12V
8V
4V
0V
-4V
-8V
0s 0.25ms 0.50ms 0.75ms 1.00ms 1.25ms 1.50ms 1.75ms 2.00ms

V(VOUT)
Time

1 ,9

Rd
Ven
Vsal
Vgs
J2N4393

1

**
' ,

Rd
Ven
Vsal
75 Ohm
0
Rd
Ven
Vsal

%1 C

7

?D
E
' 8

( 0
C BC

5
0
(

&

1
VP 1,5V
RDS = = = 0,075kΩ = 75Ω ?8
IDSS 20mA
, & ( ?VGS > −1,5V 8A (
RD ' RDS A
(

1
VEN · RDS 0,075 · VEN

VSAL = = = 0,007VEN = 0,14mV pp ?8
RD + RDS 10 + 0,075
, & ?VGS > −1,5V 8A

(

&

1
VSAL = VEN = 20mV pp ?8
C
4
%

& 0
(
' A
1
,0 " 0 ; " 0
F

0( /( # /( &1
20mV pp
Rc/d = = 142,9 ∼
= 143 ?8
0,14mV pp
*
+
!
VDD
RG1 RD
J1
J2N4393
RG2 RS
0 0

1

'(&) * ,

0
BC
4
A

5 VGS = −0,5V, VDS = 5V

8
0

&

8

RD A RS A RG1 ' RG2 A
RG = RG1 ||RG2 =
100kΩ ' VG = 2V
2
1 VDD = 18V ; IDSS = 20mA; VGSof f = −1,5V

$ 2

, IG = 0
F

(

&
?

FG-

# 681
VDD − VDS = ID · (RD + RS ) ?8
Si ID = 0 ⇒ VDS = VDD = 18V ?8

VDD
Si VDS = 0 ⇒ ID = ?%8
(RD + RS )
*
' ,

2

5 ?VGSQ = −0,5V A
VDSQ = 5V 8

y

5
&4

ID A

( ?VDS > (VGS −
VGSof f )81
2 2
VGS −0,5
IDQ = IDSS · 1 − = 20 · 1 − = 8,9mA ?8
VGSof f −1,5
2

( A

)

6
?y = mx + b81
1 VDD
ID = − VDS + ?*8
RD + RS RD + RS

1
−1 IDQ
m= = = −0,68mA/V ?8
RD + RS VDSQ − VDD

A

A

5 '
5 x1
y2 − y1 IDQ
m= = ?8
x2 − x1 VDSQ − VDD
C

5

?VDS = 08
&1
VDD
ID = = −m · VDD = −(−0,68 · 18) = 12,3mA ?8
RD + RS

&

)
1
ID = −0,68VDS + 12,3 ?8
2 RD ' RS ' RG1 1 RG2

, VG = 2V ' RG = (RG1 ||RG2 ) = 100K A '

?4
*81
*
+
!
VDD
RD
J2N4393
J1
RG
VGG RS

*1

VDD
VGG = VG = · RG2 = 2V ?8
(RG1 + RG2 )
RG1 · RG2
RG = = 100kΩ ?8
(RG1 + RG2 )
2

A 1
VGG VDD VDD · RG 18 · 100k

= → RG1 = = = 900kΩ ?8
RG RG1 VGG 2
25
RG2 1
RG1 · RG 900 · 100

RG2 = = = 112,5kΩ ?%8
RG1 − RG (900 − 100)
C

A

FG- 1
VGG = VGS + ID · RS ?8
25
RS 1
(VGG − VGS ) (2 − (−0,5))

RS = = = 0,28kΩ = 280Ω ?*8
ID 8,9
*
' ,

VDD
RG1 RD
RG3
X J2N4393
RG2 RS
0 0

1

"

A
RD 1
−1 −1 −1
m= ⇒ RD = − RS = − 0,28 = 1,47 − 0,28 = 1,19kΩ
(RD + RS ) m −0,68
?8
'(&) * C
4
A

0

BC 2
1

8 -
RG1 A RG2 ' RD
8

'

5 '
&

2
1 VDD = 18V ; VDS = 8V ; Vx = 2V ; RS = 0,68kΩ; RG3 =
2M Ω; RG1 ||RG2 = 68kΩ; IDSS = 20mA; VP = 1,5V

4 RG1 ' RG2 1 RD

, IG Y *A

&1
*
+
!
VX = VGS + ID · RS ?8
25
VGS 1
VGS = VX − ID · RS = 2 − ID · 0,68 ?8
,
& 0

( ?(81

VGS 2 VGS 2
ID = IDSS 1 − = 20 1 − ?8
VGSof f −1,5

)A
(
,' ID

( A 1
2
VGS
VGS = 2 − 20 1 + · 0,68 ?8
1,5
2

'

1
2
VGS + 3,16VGS + 1,93 = 0 ?8
,

& ?#*A% - ' #A -8A &
A
(

( C

6 0
)

?−2,33V < VGSof f 8A
&

K

(
&

(1
VDS = 8V > (VGS − VGSof f ) = −0,83 + 1,5 = 0,67V ?8
, & ,

(
"

6(

ID

(1
2 2
VGS −0,83
ID = IDSS 1− = 20 1 − = 4mA ?%8
VGSof f −1,5
2

1
VDD = ID · (RD + RS ) + VDS ?8
5
RD 1
*
' ,

VDD
RD
RG3 J1
X J2N4393
Rth
RS
Vth
0 0

1

(VDD − VDS ) (18 − 8)

RD = − RS = − 0,68 = 1,82kΩ ?*8
ID 4
"

A 4
7
4
1
VDD
VT H = VX = · RG2 = 2V ?8
(RG1 + RG2 )
RT H = RG1 ||RG2 = 68kΩ ?8
2

A 1
VT H VDD VDD · RT H 18 · 68k

= ⇒ RG1 = = = 612kΩ ?8
RT H RG1 VT H 2
25
RG2

( 1
RG1 · RT H 612 · 68
RG2 = = = 76,5kΩ ?8
(RG1 − RT H ) (612 − 68)
$ 2 1 ! *

0

&

)

A &

C &
5

"

(

*
+
!
VDD
RD
RG3
J2N4393
Vgg
Vsal
RS
VSS

1

FG-

A '
*

(
A
1
VDD = ID · (RD + RS ) + VDS ?8
Si ID = 0 → VDS = VDD = 18V ?8

VDD 18
Si VDS = 0 → ID = = = 7,2mA ?8
(RS + RD ) (0,68 + 1,82)
'(&) * C
4
A
C

.A
1

8 -
VSal VGG = 0V
8 -
VSal VGG = 3V
8 -
VGG

VSal = 0V
2
1 RG = 2M Ω; RS = 6,8kΩ; VDD = 20V ; IDSS = 20mA; VSS =
−7V ; VP = 1,5V ; RD = 2,2kΩ

*%
' ,

(
&

( ,
IG = 0
4 VSal VGG = 0V
, VGG = 0A

VSal = −VGS
"

FG-

'
&

(1
VSS = VGS + ID · RS ?%8

VGS 2
ID = IDSS · 1 − ?8
VGSof f
C
ID ( 1

VGS 2
VSS = VGS + RS · IDSS · 1 − ?*8
VGSof f
,'
A

'

> A

(
1
2
VGS + 3VGS + 2,13 = 0 ?8
C

(
A #% ' # F

&

(

(
)

A
( &
#
,'

( %
ID 1

−1,15 2
ID = 20 · 1 − = 1,1mA ?8
−1,5
"
FG-

A ' '
1
VDD − ID · RD − VDS − ID · RS − VSS = 0 ?8
VDS = VDD −VSS −ID ·(RD +RS ) = 20−(−7)−1,1·(2,2+6,8) = 17,1V ?8
,
( &

(A
) VSal = −VGS = 1,15V
4 VSal VGG = 3V
,

FG-

A 1
*
+
!
VGG = 3V ⇒ VSal = −VGS + VGG ?8

ID 1
VGG − VSS = VGS + ID · RS ?8

VGS 2
ID = IDSS · 1 − ?8
VGSof f
,' ID 1
2
VGS
VGG − VSS = VGS + RS · IDSS · 1 − ?%8
VGSof f
,'
'

>
1
2
VGS + 3VGS + 2 = 0 ?8
2

(
A # ' #
F

&
7
( ?6 0
)

8
,
(

( 1
−1 2
ID = 20 · (1 − ) = 2,22mA ?*8
−1,5
2

(1
VDD − VSS = ID · (RD + RS ) + VDS ?8
25
VDS ' '
1
VDS = VDD − VSS − ID · (RD + RS ) = 20 + 7 − 2,22 · (2,2 + 6,8) = 7,02V ?8

(A
(

( ?VDS >
(VGS − VGSof f )8

A
Vsal 4
1
VSal = −VGS + VGG = 4V ?8
4 VGG ! < VSal = 0V
*
' ,

, VSal = 0A
ID &1
VSS = ID · RS ?8
25
ID

( 1
VSS 7
ID = = = 1,02mA ?8
RS 6,8
, &

(A 1
VGS 2
ID = IDSS · (1 − ) ?8
VGSof f
'
A

VGS A &
#

F
( VDS &

1
VDS = VDD − VSS − ID · (RD + RS ) = 20 + 7 − 1,02 · (2,2 + 6,8) = 17,8V ?8
F
(

F
( VGG

VS = 0 1
VGG = VGS + VSal = VGS = −1,16V ?%8
'(&) * %

0
(
=3,C

4

2
2
1 K = 3,2A/V ; Vumbral = 3,5V ; VDD = 25V ; RD = 10Ω; RG1 =
RG2 = 2,2M Ω

IG = 0A '

I

RG1 ' RG2 A
1
VDS = I · (RG1 + RG2 ) ?8
VGS = I · RG2 ?*8

+
!
RD
10
RG1 VDD
2.2MEG DC = 25V
AC = 25V
TRAN = 25V
IRF150
RG2
2.2MEG
0 0 0

1

2

1
VDS VGS
= ?8
(RG1 + RG2 ) RG2
RG1 = RG2 A

( VDS ' VGS &1
VDS
VGS = ?8
2
"

FG-

1
VDD = (I + ID ) · RD + VDS ?8
,'

( A ' I
ID 1
VDD ∼
= ID · RD + 2 · VGS ?8
,
( &

(A )
1
K
ID = · (VGS − Vumbral )2 ?8
2
,' ID

( A 4
'

1
2
VGS − 6,875 · VGS + 10,69 = 0 ?8
2

(
A '
F

(A '

' ,
'
J1 VDD
0Vdc
I
J2N3819
VGG
0Vdc

1
0
( BC

)

") A
(

,
VGS

( A '
1
3,2
ID = · (4,5 − 3,5)2 = 1,6A ?8
2

VDS A

( A
5
VDS 1
VDS = 2 · VGS = 2 · 4,5 = 9V ?%8

'(&) *

0
( BC
4
A
1

8

?ID = f (VDS )8
8

6
?ID = f (VGS )8
8

V

6

+
!
12mA
8mA
4mA
0A
0V 1V 2V 3V 4V 5V 6V 7V 8V 9V 10V
ID(J1)
V_VDD

1

BC
+
(
%
C
A
+,
(

4
A 7

BC .%A

)
C-"F ' BC
B.%
<
0 5

A

4
(

(

0

A 6

0

$B A

6

ID = f (VDS )A

VGS
A

(

4

(A 4

VDD
?
VDS 8 *
*-A *-A '

VGG *
#-A -

0

(
&4
A
9

&

0
ID A

4

C5

(
&4

4
A

VGS

*-A#-A#- ' #-

%

' ,
'
12mA
8mA
4mA
0A
-3.0V -2.5V -2.0V -1.5V -1.0V -0.5V 0V
ID(J1)
V_VGG

1

BC
F

(

0

6

?ID = f (VGS )8

0
( & BC A

4
A

45

(
VDD
*- '

VGG *
#-A
*-
F

(

4
A

IDSS "A '
(
VGSof f -
= #! %

7

(

4
6

6
BC

0
(
4
A

VGG
7

(A

#*
* F

6 VDD 45

*-
C
4
%

( IDSS

"

( IDSS

+
!
16mA
12mA
8mA
temp = -50 º
4mA temp = 50º
0A
-3.0V -2.5V -2.0V -1.5V -1.0V -0.5V 0V
ID(J1)
V_VGG

%1 C6

BC

'(&) * <
4

4,7kΩA

100ΩA ' AV O = 10000

8 ,

RL 100kΩA 47kΩA 470ΩA 100ΩA 47Ω ' 4,7ΩA

'

( AV = Vs /Ve
$
8 !

$A

(

6( RL
8 Q" >

)

&4

R Q@> ( R

0 1 !

A
( ?AV 8

?G8A 6( RL F
(

( Rs ' RL

+

" #$ $
Rs
VE+ VS+
E1
Re + RL
+
-
-
VE- VS-
Avo*([Ve+] - [Ve-])

1

Ve · RL Vs AV O · RL
Vs = AV O · → = AV = ?8
(Rs + RL ) Ve (Rs + RL )
Vs · is Re Vs 2 Re
G = AV · Ai = = · ( ) = A2V · ?8
Ve · ie RL Ve RL
> ,'

RL = 100kΩ1
10000 · 100
AV = = 9990,0 ?8
(0,1 + 100)
AV dB = 20logAV = 79,99dB ?8
Re 99902 · 4,7
G= · A2V = = 4690604,7 ?8
RL 100
GdB = 10logG = 66,7dB ?8
? ,'

RL = 47kΩ1
AV = 9978,76 ?8
AV dB = 79,98dB ?%8
G = 9957565,1 ?8
GdB = 69,98dB ?*8
@ ,'

RL = 470Ω1
%
' ,

AV = 8245,6 ?8
AV dB = 78,32dB ?8
G = 679899193,6 ?8
GdB = 88,32dB ?8
A ,'

RL = 100Ω1
AV = 5000 ?8
AV dB = 73,98dB ?8
9
G = 1,175 · 10 ?8
GdB = 90,7dB ?%8
B ,'

RL = 47Ω1
AV = 3197,3 ?8
AV dB = 70,0dB ?*8
9
G = 1,02 · 10 ?8
GdB = 90,09dB ?8
-

C ,'

RL = 4,7Ω1
AV = 448,9 ?8
AV dB = 53,04dB ?8
6
G = 2,01 · 10 ?8
GdB = 83,04dB ?8
! 0 $

F

&4

4

/

+

" #$ $
10.0V 400mW
1 2
350mW
7.5V 300mW (100.0 ohm,228.2mW) (100.0k,9.5V)
250mW
5.0V 200mW
150mW
2.5V 100mW
>> 50mW
0V 0W
1 V(VSAL) 2 W(RL)
100 100
1 2 (100.0 ohm,90.5 dB)
75
80 (100k,79.99dB)
50
25
60
SEL>>
0
100m 1.0 10 100 1.0K 10K 100K 1.0M 10M
1 DB(V(VSAL)/V(VEN)) 2 DB(W(RL)/W(V1))/2
RVAL

1 (

A

'

/

$ 6( RL
F

)
(

?AV O 8 C

A &/

RL = RS
'(&) * C/

* I $I ' $

P 10 · 10−3 W
dBW = 10 · log( ) = 10 · log( ) = −20dBW ?8
1W 1W
P 10mW
dBm = 10 · log( ) = 10 · log( ) = 10dBm ?%8
1mW 1mW
'(&) * 2
(
>
( /

'

A '

'

*
' ,

Rg Rs
Vg E1
Re + RL
+
-
-
Avo*Ve

1

A

(

S
9

A '

(

S
6

4

"
0

A

FG-1
Re
Ve = Vg · = 0,95Vg → 0,95 · Rg + 0,95Re = Re ?8
(Rg + Re )
25
Re
1
Re = 19 · Rg ?*8
C

A

5
!1
AV O · Ve · RL RL
Vs = = 0,95 · AV O · Ve → 0,95 = ?8
(Rs + RL (Rs + RL )
25
Rs
1
1
Rs = 0,052RL = · RL ?8
19
'(&) * C
4
7
4
A

6

'

9
9
1

8
&

4
1 ;

(

A

'

+

" #$ $
VDD VDD
VCC
DC = 12v
AC = 12v R1 Rc
TRAN = 12v 24.5k 2.8k
0 Cs
Vsal
Q1
Rg Ce
Vg Ven 47u
470 22u
Q2N3904
Vg
VOFF = 0v
VAMPL = 0.02v R2 Re CE RL
FREQ = 8000Hz 7k 970 100u 2.2k
AC = 5mV
0 0 0 0

1

8

9

V g = 0,02 sin(wt)V
8

'

&
' &

8
rπ
2
1 RL = 2,2kΩ; RG = 470Ω; VCC = 12V ; Ce = 22µF ; Cs =
47µF ; CE = 100µF ; R1 = 24,5kΩ; R2 = 7kΩ; RC = 2,8kΩ; RE = 970Ω; rπ =
2,3kΩ; β = 175

C

9
9
' 6

4

(A

'
6 (

2 !2# !
,7

?4
8A

(
6

6 Rg '

RL "&A

Ri '

Ro
0

(A

/ (1

' ,

Rg
vi vo
Vg R1||R2 B.ib Rc RL
Rpi
0 0 0 0 0 0

1

9
9
' 6

Rg Ro
Vi Vo
Vg
Ri Av o.Vi RL

1 C

+

" #$ $
vo
AVo = ?8
vi
F
(

/ (1
vo = −β · ib · RC ?8
,7
4
A
(

&1
vi = ib · rπ ?8
'

RL A '

>

6 Rg A

/ (1
−β · ib · RC −175 · 2,8k
AVo = = = −213,04 ?8
ib · rπ 2,3k
&1
AV odB = 20 · log | − 213| = 39,4dB ?8
F

/ (1
vi
Ri = ?%8
ii

&

Rg "

9
9

?4
81
ib · rπ
Ri = rπ +RB
= rπ ||RB = 1,61k ?8
RB ib

RB = R1 ||R2 ?*8

A

'

4 ?
8 ,
Requivalente

ib = 0A
6

A

( RC 1

' ,

Ro = RC ?8
<

6

(

>

6 Rg '

RL "

( /
1
vo
AV = ?8
vg

(

?'

8

1

Rc · RL
vo = −β · ib · ?8
Rc + RL

vg A

?4
81
vg = ig · Rg + ib · rπ ?8
rπ · ib (rπ + RB ) · ib
ig = iRB + ib = + ib = ?8
RB RB

)

vg 1
(rπ + RB ) · ib · Rg ) (rπ · (Rg + RB ) · Rg

vg = + ib · rπ = ib · ( + rπ ) =
RB RB
rπ · (Rg + RB ) + RB · Rg
= ib · ( ) ?8
RB

A

4
&1
vs −β · ib · (Rc+R
Rc·RL
L) −β(Rc · RL ) · RB
AV = = )=
vg ib · (
r π ·(Rg +RB )+RB ·Rg (Rc + RL )(rπ · (Rg + RB ) + RB · Rg )
RB
?8
,'
1
−175 · (2,8 · 2,2) · 5,5 −5929

AV = = = −72,7 ?%8
(2,8 + 2,2) · (2,3 · (0,47 + 5,5) + 5,5 · 0,47) 81,6

+

" #$ $

$1
AVdB = 20 · log| − 72,7| = 37,2dB ?8
7A 6

C &

A

'

(

?ii 8 '

?io 8
io
Ai = ?*8
ii

−vo
io = ?8
RL
vg
ii = ?8
Rg + Ri
' '

1
−vo
RL −vs Rg + Ri Rg + Ri
Ai = vg = · = −AV · ?8
Rg +Ri
vg RL RL
,'
1
0,47 + 1,6
Ai = −72,7 · = −68,4 ?8
2,2
C/

$ &1
AidB = 20 · log | − 68,4| = 36,7dB ?8

>

6
1
−vo
io RL
Ai = = vi ?8
ii Ri

& 6( vi 0 vg
C
1
−vo Ri −βib RC ||RL Ri

Ai = · = · = −68,2 ?8
vi RL ib rπ RL

' ,

! Vg = 0,02 sin(wt)V.

<
0

&

4
1 Ri A Ro '
AVo A

Vo 6
?
(
Vg '

RL 8A

(

6( vg C
(
6&

1
Ri
vi = · vg = 0,01546 sin(wt)V. ?%8
Rg + Ri

7
4
1
RL 2,2
vo = AVo · vi − io · Ro = AV vi = 213vi = 1,45 sin(wt)V.
Ro + RL o 2,8 + 2,2
?8
3
6

0

AV C
A
'
6 Rg ' RL

(

)

6
1
vo = AV · vg = 72,7 · 0,02 sin(wt) = 1,45 sin(wt)V. ?*8
$ 2# 1 2

&
A

>A

(

&

C

5

A

1 Q(Vceq , Icq ) = (4,5V, 2mA)
1
F

&
& m = − R A R =
RC ||RL ")1
2,8 · 2,2
R= = 1,23kΩ ?8
2,8 + 2,2

A
&1
−1
m= = −0,8 ?8
1,23
"

(

# 1
ic − Icq = m · (vce − Vceq ) ?8
,'
A '

1

+

" #$ $
ic = −0,8 · (vce − 4,5) + 2 ?8
F 5

&1
0,8 · 4,5 + 2
ic = 0 ⇒ vce = = 7V ?8
0,8
vce = 0 ⇒ ic = 0,8 · 4,5 + 2 = 5,6mA ?8
#! rπ
VT · β 0,026 · 175
rπ = = = 2,27kΩ ?8
Icq 2
'(&) * C
4

4
A

6

'

9
9
1

8

( ' $ '

'

A 7

4
%
8

9

vg = 0,02 sin(wt)V
2
1 gm = 11,9mA/V

C

9
9
' 6

4
A

A '

6 (

2# !

(
) ?

8
A
0

/ (1
vo −gm vgs Rd
AVo = = = −gm Rd = −21,66 ?%8
vi vgs
/

$1
%
' ,

VDD VDD
18Vdc
V1
R1 Rd
612k 1.82k
CL
Vsal
0 R3 J1
47u
Rg J2N4393
680 Ce
Ven 1MEG
47u
Vg
VOFF = 0v R2 Rs Cs RL
VAMPL = 10m 76.5k 0.68k 100u 10k
FREQ = 5kHz
0 0 0 0 0

1

Rg Ro
Vi Vo
Vg
Ri Av o.Vi RL

%1 C

Rg
Ven G D
+ Vsal
Vg R3
-
Rd RL
gm*vgs
R1 R2 S
0 0 0 0
0 0

1

9
9

+

" #$ $
200mV 10mV
1 2
0V 0V
>>
-200mV -10mV
1 V(VSAL) 2 V(VEN)
28 30
1 2
27 25
(491.93u,18.25)
26 20
25 15
SEL>> (212.4u,25.23 dB)
24 10
0s 0.2ms 0.4ms 0.6ms 0.8ms 1.0ms
1 DB(MAX(V(VSAL))/MAX(V(VEN))) 2 MAX(V(VSAL))/MAX(V(VEN))
Time

*1 -

& (

'

;

(
AV odB = 20 log | − 21,66| = 26,71dB ?8
, 6

)
1
vo −gm vgs Rd ||RL

AV = = = −gm Rd ||RL ?*8
vi vgs
,'

(
1
1,82 · 10
AV = −11,9 · = −18,3 ?8
(1,82 + 10)
-

(

5
'

'
(
' >
RL C $ )
1
AVdB = 20 log | − 18,3| = 25,26dB ?8
C
&4

4
*

&
(

9

'

,
& 6

%*

9

> 4

(

/

$
F

71
*
' ,

vi 76,5 · 612
Ri = = R3 + R1 ||R2 = 1000 + = 1068k ?8
ii 76,5 + 612
F

6 9
A '

RL

4 ?>

8A '

0

(

2

A
6 9
&

A '
vgs = 0V A

6
)
* "A A
)

A

1
Rd = 1,82kΩ ?8
7A

6(
1
−vo
io RL −vo Ri −gm vgs Rd ||RL Ri
Ai = = vi = · = · ?8
ii Ri vi RL vgs RL
'
Ri 1068
Ai = Av · = −18,3 · = 1954,4 ?8
RL 10
C/
$1
AidB = 20 · log|Ai | = 20 · log|1954,4| = 65,8dB ?8
C
&4

4

&

A '

> /

$ F
6

( '
(
&
Ig = 0A '
A

(

" ?

8
3

( ?Ig = 08
6

(
?
(
(8A

)
6

! vg = 0,02 sin(wt)V

VRL A

4

?4
%8A

0

AV 1
vRL = vo = AV · vi = −18,3 · 0,02 sin(wt)V. ?%8

+

" #$ $
20uA 20nA
1 2
0A 0A
>>
-20uA -20nA
1 I(RL) 2 I(Rg)
100 2.00K
1 2
1.75K
50 1.50K
1.25K
SEL>>
0 1.00K
0s 0.2ms 0.4ms 0.6ms 0.8ms 1.0ms
1 db(max(i(rl))/max(i(rg))) 2 max(i(rl))/max(i(rg))
Time

1 ,
(

&

'

;

3
6

>

AVo 1
vo = AVo · vi = −21,66 · 0,02 sin(wt) ?8
"
A

(

)
RL ' Ro
A
( RL &1
RL 10
vRL = · vi = · 0,02 sin(wt) = −18,3 · sin(wt)V. ?%*8
Ro + RL 1,82 + 10

'(&) *

(

( '

4
9
9

4

& β = 165

(

' ,
'
VCC
10Vdc
0
RC
R1 3.6k
10k C2
VOUT
Q1
C1
VIN 47uF
Q2N3904
RG RL
22uF
500 10k
R2 C3
VS 2.2k RE 100uF
VOFF = 0 1k
VAMPL = 2mV 0
FREQ = 10k
0 0 0 0

1
4
9
9

C

(

Av

0
(A '

6

IC

rπ

&
0
(

"

A

4

!
1
Vth = IB Rth + VBE + RE IE ?%8

IE IC ' > 6(
7
1
Rth
Vth − 0,7 = ( + RE )IC ?%8
β

IC = 1,08mA
<
0

A

rπ

9
9
1
VT β 0,025 · 165
rπ = = = 3,75kΩ ?%8
IC 1,1mA

+

" #$ $
VCC
10Vdc
0
RC
3.6k
Q1
Rth
Q2N3904
1.8k
Vth
1.8Vdc
RE
1k
0 0

1
0
(

7A
6(

(

4
( $B 7
1
Vout −βRC ||RL

Av = = = −116 ?%8
Vin rπ
2

6
A

4
(

1
Vin
Zin = = R1 ||R2 ||rπ = 1,2kΩ ?%8
Iin
+
(
"

4

(

+
(A (

A 4

(
&

9
A 4

(
*
**
&/ *

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A

6

(

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6
5 UA

A $
5 3 :

6
A

A
9

0
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9

0
?-?-3< 88 5 C
4

(
,

4
A

A

2

/

+

" #$ $

1
(

1
Vout −155,5mV
AV = = = −110 ?%8
Vin 1,41mV
C
&
(
A

&
C
A

A 0

(

(A

0
(

-?-+.8 '

+?!;8

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0
5 U

9
A
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4

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'

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'
Vin 1,41mV
Zin = = = 1,21kΩ ?%8
Iin 1,16uA

/

& (

'(&) * 2
(

(

4
6

4
1
R2 R4 R2
Si = ⇒ VS = · (V1 − V2 ) ?8
R1 R3 R1

C

A

( 7

(1
V1 · R4
V+ = ?8
(R3 + R4 )
F

R1 1
(V2 − V+ )
IR1 = ?8
R1

IR1 = IR2 A
(

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+

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R2
-VCC
11
R1 LM324
2
V-
-
1 Vsal
V2 R3 OUT
3
V+
+
V1
4
R4
+VCC
0
0

1

(V2 − V+ ) · R2 V+ · R1 − V2 · R2 + V+ · R2
VS = V+ −IR2 ·R2 = V+ − = ?8
R1 R1
,

6
7 ' ' V+ 1
R2 R2 V1 · R4 R2 R2
VS = V+ · (1 + ) − V2 · =( ) · (1 + ) − V2 · ?8
R1 R1 (R3 + R4 ) R1 R1
R
,' R4
3
= R2
R1 A ' 4

1
R2
VS = · (V1 − V2 ) ?8
R1
'(&) * C
4
A
1

8 Q@> (

* R
8 ,

±10V Y A

9

*
' ,

100n
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11
R LM324
2
V-
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10k Vsal
1
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3
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8 2

!

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8

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4

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1
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iR = = iC = C · ?8
R dt
25
dVC 1
Ve (t)
dVC = dt ?%8
R·C
+

1

Ve (t)
dVC = · dt ?8
R·C
Ve(t) = cte1

+

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0V 4.0V
1 2
(500.0u,3.0V)
3.0V
-4.0V 2.0V
1.0V
>>
-8.0V 0V
0s 100us 200us 300us 400us 500us 600us
1 V(VGINT) 2 V(VINTEG)
Time

1 ,9

'

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V− − Vs = ·t ?*8
R·C

V− = 0 25

(

A '
'

1
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Ve = −Vs · = −3 · = −6V ?8
t 0,5m

4
A

*

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A -;+.
(
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(

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#* -1
1
dVs = − · Ve (t) · dt ?8
R·C
25

m1
dVs 1
=m=− · Ve (t) ?8
dt R·C
,'
1

' ,

8.2k
-VCC
11
C LM324
Ve 2
V-
-
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1
OUT
3
V+
+
4
0 +VCC

1

dVs 1
m= =− · (±10) ?8
dt 10k · 100n
")A

6 1
Si Ve = +10V → m = −10000V /s → m = −10V /ms ?8
Si Ve = −10V → m = +10000V /s → m = +10V /ms ?8
4 R ! $ ! G4H#

K

(
1
dVs 1
=m=− · Ve (t) ?8
dt R·C
25
! ' '
1
1 1
R=− · Ve (t) = − · 10 = 12,5kΩ ?%8
m·C 8000V /s · 100 · 10−9
'(&) * ,

4

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9

+

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-VCC
11
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2
11
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3
V+
+
4
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4
0 +VCC

1

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4

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1
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Vs = −R · C · = −R · C · m ?8
dt
m
25
m1
−Vs
m= ?*8
R·C
,'
1
−4,1
m= = −50000V /s = −50V /ms ?8
10 · 10−9 · 8,2 · 103
'(&) *

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;

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;

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PARAMETERS:
RVAL = 1k
VCC
V
U1
V
vin 3 5
V+
+ OS2
V3 6 vout
VOFF = 0 OUT
VAMPL = 1V 2 1
V-
FREQ = 1k - OS1 R2 RL
uA741 4k {RVAL}
4
0 VEE
R1 0
VCC VEE 1k
V+ V-
15Vdc -15Vdc 0
0 0

1
4

4
(

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4

7
4

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5kΩA 1kΩ
A

7 6
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A

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V

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4

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10V
5V
0V
-5V
0s 0.2ms 0.4ms 0.6ms 0.8ms 1.0ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 1.6ms 1.8ms 2.0ms
V(VIN) V(VOUT)
Time

%1 5

'

%
' ,
'

1

'

6
(
4
(
1
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4

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'
A1
VIN VOUT
VG VIN VOUT +VCC -VCC
VOFF = 0 RL V2 V3
VAMPL = 1 1k 15V -15V
FREQ = 50
GND GND
0 0
Amplificador
0 0

1 C

4

4
A

6

V SIN '

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A1
VIN VOUT
VG VIN VOUT +VCC -VCC
VOFF = 0 RL V2 V3
VAMPL = 1 1k 15V -15V
FREQ = 50
0 0
Amplificador
0 0

1 C

4

9

3

4
A

uA741

?
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" &

E1 E2
VIN VIN1 VOUT1 VIN2 VOUT2 VOUT
GND GND GND GND GND GND
Etapa1 Etapa2

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1
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A

&1

+

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R2
2k
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4
R1 uA741
2 1
V-
VIN1 - OS1
1k
6
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V+
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7
R3
680 +VCC
GND GND

1

4

VOU T
A= = A1 · A2 = (−2) · (−5) = 10 ?%8
VIN

A

(

( VIN ' VOU T
A '

C
4
%

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A= = = 10 ?8
VIN 0,999

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'
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10k
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U1
4
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2 1
V-
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2k
6
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4

Problemas de Electronica Con Orcad Pspice

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 

'(&) * !     >  

          

−V2 = −I1 · R3 + I2 · (R2 + R3 ) ? 8

IR3 = I1 − I2 = 1,6 − 0,44 = 1,16mA ? 8

    !    "#     

VR1 = IR1 · R1 = 1,6 · 2,2 = 3,52V ? 8

VR2 = IR2 · R2 = 1 · 0,44 = 0,44V ? 8

VR3 = IR3 · R3 = 1,16 · 4,7 = 5,44V ? %8

'(&) *  !      

I100Ω = 0,4mA ? 8

I1kΩ = 0,97mA ? 8

I10kΩ = 0,27mA ? 8

 (  !    $

VAB100Ω = 0,35V ? 8

VAB1kΩ = 1,7V ? %8

VAB10kΩ = 2,79V ? 8

VAB = I · R3 = 1,5 · 1 = 1,5V ? 8

RT H = RAB = R5 + ((R1 + R2 + R4 )||R3 ) = 2,875kΩ ? 8

IR1 = I1 = 2,6785mA ? 8

IR2 = −I2 = 0,2142mA ? %8

IR3 = I1 − I2 = 2,8927mA ? 8

)   *+

P lace net alias 

   ), +  

-" ,   

-,+. ,   

Edit → Copy ' Edit → P asteA   

=C; 106 

    ? -!8 C  

2.679mA R1 5.786V R2 214.3uA

'(&) * @  

8 VCC = 6V, Id = 15mA

8 VCC = 9V, Id = 10mA

8 , VCC = 6V ' R = 600ΩA Q&  &  

'(&) *   

6   ( 

VAMPL = 14v 12.63Vdc D2

 7 2 3.A 2 3

VAMPL = 14v 12.63Vdc

 ! 0 #!    1  

 ( &/

VSIN − VC + (V2 − VD ) = 0 siendo (V2 − VD ) = 2,37V ? 8

  

Vsin C1 10u Vout

VOU T + VC − VSIN = 0 ? 8

VOU T + VM AX + (V2 − VD ) − VSIN = 0 ? 8

, ' VSIN  VM AX sin(wt)A '  5

VOU T = −VM AX −(VBAT −VD )+VM AX sin(wt)) = VM AX (sin(wt)−1)−V2 +VD

 ! 0 #!    1  

'(&) *  C  0    

 2       # 

IR1 = IZ + IR2 ? 8

, ICARGA = IR2 = 0A 

ICARGAM AX = IR1 − IM IN = 27 − 3 = 24mA ? 8

 /#   $ 0  V1

V = VZ + (ICARGA + IZ ) · R1 = 4,7 + (22 + IZ ) · 0,7 ? 8

IZ = IZM IN ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 3) · 0,7 = 22,2V ? *8

IZ = IZM AX ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 27) · 0,7 = 39V ? 8

'(&) *   

 %     2 

va = vs < 5V ⇒ ve < 7,5V ? 8

vs = vs1 + vs2 = 0,4ve + 2 ? 8

'(&) * ! >

−V2 = −I1 · R3 + I2 · (R2 + R3 ) ?8

IR3 = I1 − I2 = 1,6 − 0,44 = 1,16mA ?8

! "#

VR1 = IR1 · R1 = 1,6 · 2,2 = 3,52V ?8

VR2 = IR2 · R2 = 1 · 0,44 = 0,44V ?8

VR3 = IR3 · R3 = 1,16 · 4,7 = 5,44V ?%8

'(&) * !

I100Ω = 0,4mA ?8

I1kΩ = 0,97mA ?8

I10kΩ = 0,27mA ?8

( ! $

VAB100Ω = 0,35V ?8

VAB1kΩ = 1,7V ?%8

VAB10kΩ = 2,79V ?8

VAB = I · R3 = 1,5 · 1 = 1,5V ?8

RT H = RAB = R5 + ((R1 + R2 + R4 )||R3 ) = 2,875kΩ ?8

IR1 = I1 = 2,6785mA ?8

IR2 = −I2 = 0,2142mA ?%8

IR3 = I1 − I2 = 2,8927mA ?8

) *+

P lace net alias

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=C; 106

? -!8 C

'(&) * @

8 VCC = 6V, Id = 15mA

8 , VCC = 6V ' R = 600ΩA Q& &

'(&) *

6 (

7 2 3.A 2 3

! 0 #! 1

( &/

VSIN − VC + (V2 − VD ) = 0 siendo (V2 − VD ) = 2,37V ?8

VOU T + VC − VSIN = 0 ?8

VOU T + VM AX + (V2 − VD ) − VSIN = 0 ?8

,' VSIN VM AX sin(wt)A ' 5

! 0 #! 1

'(&) * C 0

2 #

IR1 = IZ + IR2 ?8

, ICARGA = IR2 = 0A

ICARGAM AX = IR1 − IM IN = 27 − 3 = 24mA ?8

/# $ 0 V1

V = VZ + (ICARGA + IZ ) · R1 = 4,7 + (22 + IZ ) · 0,7 ?8

IZ = IZM IN ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 3) · 0,7 = 22,2V ?*8

IZ = IZM AX ⇒ V = 4,7 + (22 + 27) · 0,7 = 39V ?8

'(&) *

% 2

va = vs < 5V ⇒ ve < 7,5V ?8

vs = vs1 + vs2 = 0,4ve + 2 ?8

V2M AXSEM I = VD1 + VRL M AX ?8

VRL M AX = V2M AXSEM I − VD1 = 16,25 − 0,7 = 15,55V ?%8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp ?8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 15,55 − 0,78 = 14,8V ?8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 15,55 − 0,02 = 15,53V ?8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 13,9V ?8

V2M AX = VD1 + VD2 + VRL M AX ?8

VRL M AX = V2M AX − VD1 − VD2 = 32,5 − 0,7 − 0,7 = 31,1V ?8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp ?8

VRL M ED = VRL M AX − Vrp = 31,1 − 1,15 = 29,5V ?%8

) *+

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7 2 3.A 2 3

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) *+

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8

8 RB1 = 6,5M Ω ⇒ IB1 = 1,39µA ⇒ ICQ1 = β ·IB1 = 175·1,39 = 0,22mA

8 RB2 = 500kΩ ⇒ IB2 = 16,7µA ⇒ ICQ2 = β · IB2 = 175 · 16,7 = 2,9mA