Chap 011

Chapter 11 - Ground Water
Chapter 11
Ground Water
True / False Questions
1. The amount of fresh water stored in oceans is many times greater than the amount of
ground water.
FALSE
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Topic: Water Resources
2. Groundwater is a major economic resource.

TRUE

3. Gravel has both high porosity and excellent permeability.

TRUE

4. The rate of ground water flow tends to decrease with depth because sedimentary rock pores
tend to be closed by increasing amounts of cement and the weight of the overlying rock.
TRUE
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5. The saturated zone overlies the water table.

FALSE

6. The capillary fringe is thicker in fine-grained sediments and thinner in coarse-grained

sediments.
TRUE

7. Compared to the flow of water in streams, most ground water moves relatively slowly.
TRUE

8. Water in the upper part of the saturated zone tends to move downward following the slope
of the water table.
TRUE

9. How fast groundwater flows depends, in part, on the permeability of the sediment through
which it passes.
TRUE

11-2
10. Sandstones and gravels make the only aquifers; no other rocks are useful.
FALSE

11. An unconfined aquifer is recharged rapidly, whereas a confined aquifer recharges slowly.
TRUE

12. When water is pumped from a well the water table is typically drawn down into a zone of
depression.
FALSE
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

13. The addition of new water to the saturated zone is called recharge.
TRUE

14. Artesian wells are associated with confined aquifers.

TRUE

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15. The site selected for the disposal of high level radioactive waste is the ocean.
FALSE
16. Gasoline leaked from gas station storage tanks is less dense than water and can rise to the
top of the water in an aquifer.
TRUE

17. Deposits of calcite built up in caves by dripping water are called dripstone or
speleothems.
TRUE

18. Springs may form where a perched water table intersects the surface.
TRUE

19. Petrified wood develops when buried wood is saturated or replaced with calcite.
FALSE

11-4
20. In confined aquifers the water is under pressure and rises to a level above the top of the
aquifer.
TRUE

Multiple Choice Questions
21. Shale is a common _____ because it retards the flow of ground water.
A. artesian aquifer
B. confined aquifer
C. aquifer
D. vadose rock
E. aquitard

22. The upper surface of the saturated zone is called the __.
A. water table
B. hard pan
C. saturated lid
D. recharge zone
E. head level

11-5
23. A ________ is a place where water flows naturally from rocks onto the ground surface.
A. ground-water sink
B. well
C. spring
D. capillary
E. bore

24. The amount of ground water is ____ that of all rivers and lakes combined.
A. equal to
B. very minor when compared to
C. a little less than
D. many times
E. of uncertain amount compared to

25. An _____ rock is one that does not allow water to flow through it easily.
A. atmospheric
B. indestructible
C. unfractured
D. unstable
E. impermeable

11-6
26. Most ________ and _________ are both porous and permeable.
A. mudstone; shale
B. siltstone; claystone
C. schist; quartzite
D. granite; gabbro
E. sandstone; conglomerate

27. A(n) _________ aquifer is completely filled with water under pressure and is separated
from the surface by an aquitard.
A. non-economic
B. non-productive
C. confined
D. blind or buried
E. underpressured

28. ________ refers to the ability of a rock to transmit fluids.

A. Porosity
B. Hydraulic head
C. Viscosity
D. Permeability
E. Void

11-7
29. A _______ is a type of hot spring that erupts hot water and steam.
A. geyser
B. mud volcano
C. travertine
D. magma
E. lahar

30. ______ streams receive water from the saturated zone.

A. Spring loaded
B. Losing or influent
C. Gaining or effluent
D. Ephemeral
E. Persistent

31. When water is pumped out of an unconfined aquifer through a well, a ___ often develops
in the water table.
A. cone of depression
B. thin film of pollution
C. ground-water mound
D. piercement structure
E. deflation structure

11-8
32. The _____ is the zone above the water table.

A. replenishment zone
B. saturated zone
C. vadose zone
D. discharge zone
E. permeable zone

33. A(n) _______ is a body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move
easily.
A. sediment
B. evaporite
C. caprock
D. aquifer
E. aquiclude

34. ___ is the percentage of a rock or sediment that consists of void space.
A. Vugosity
B. Void index
C. Permeability
D. Porosity
E. Holiness

11-9
35. A _____ is a deep, cylindrical hole that is dug or drilled into the ground to penetrate an
aquifer within the saturated zone.
A. pump
B. well
C. deep aquifer
D. cone of depression
E. water hole

36. An area with many sinkholes and caves is said to have ___ topography.
A. karst
B. decalcified
C. a subsidence-dominated
D. a wadi
E. cratered

37. ___ is becoming a serious problem as demand for drinking water increases in coastal
cities.
A. Pollution of the ocean's water
B. Decrease in seawater salinity
C. Development of fresh-water springs on the seabed
D. Salt-water intrusion into wells

11-10
38. Heavy use of ground water can cause a region's water table to ____.
A. flow faster
B. disappear
C. increase in thickness
D. rise toward the ground surface
E. drop to deeper depths

39. Local lowering of the water table, called ____, tends to change the direction of
groundwater flow by changing the slope of the water table.
A. drawdown
B. depressing
C. porosity
D. artesian
E. invasion

40. A deposit of loose sand may have a porosity of _____ percent.

A. 30-50
B. 20-30
C. less than 20
D. 40-50
E. more than 50

11-11
41. ______ are icicle-like pendants of calcite hanging from cave ceilings.
A. Stalagmites
B. Flowstone
C. Straws
D. Stalactites
E. Concretions

42. _____ form when slightly acidic ground water dissolves limestone along joints and
bedding planes.
A. Pores
B. Caves
C. Flowstones
D. Concretions
E. Stalagmites

43. ____ are closed depressions found where land surfaces are underlain by limestone
bedrock.
A. Cirque valleys
B. Craters
C. Kettle holes
D. Sinkholes
E. Inversions

11-12
44. In parts of Texas and New Mexico the pumping of ground water has caused the water
table of the Ogallala Reservoir to drop ____.
A. 30 centimeters
B. 1 meter
C. 3 meters
D. 10 meters
E. 30 meters

45. The water table ______ in humid regions.

A. is kilometers deep
B. roughly parallels the land surface
C. reaches the ground surface at the top of hills
D. is at a fixed depth regardless of topography

46. Heavily pumped wells near a coast can be contaminated by ____.

A. saltwater intrusion
B. radioactive waste
C. hard water
D. soft water
E. high iron water

11-13
47. Gasoline leaking from an underground storage tank will __.

A. evaporate entirely to the atmosphere
B. sink past the water table to mix with ground water
C. infiltrate to the top of the water table, on which it will float
D. sink to the bottom of the saturated zone without mixing
E. remain trapped in the soils around the tank

48. ____ water is water that contains relatively large amounts of dissolved calcium and
magnesium.
A. Hard
B. Branch
C. Mineral
D. Soda
E. Soft

49. Most caves are probably formed by ground water circulating ___ the water table.
A. at
B. below
C. above
D. with an uncertain relation to

11-14
50. ___ states that the velocity of ground water equals permeability multiplied by hydraulic
gradient.
A. Darcy's law
B. Einstein's equation
C. Newton's Law
D. Steno's principle

51. Given all other conditions are the same, ground water flows faster if __.
A. it is flowing through finer-grained materials
B. it is flowing in response to a greater hydraulic gradient
C. it is flowing through deeply buried material
D. it is colder
E. it is saturated with dissolved solids
52. In unconfined aquifers water in shallow wells __.

A. will rise to the ground surface and flow freely at the surface
B. will rise just to the ground surface, but will not flow
C. will rise to the level of the water table
D. will not rise beyond the base of the well
E. There is not enough information to answer this question.

11-15
53. Groundwater is important in the preservation of _____ which develops when porous
buried wood is either filled in or replaced by inorganic silica carried in by ground water.
A. preserved wood
B. petrified wood
C. petrified material
D. preserved material

54. The hydraulic head is defined as __.

A. the elevation of the water table
B. the pore fluid pressure
C. the velocity of water flow
D. the slope of the water table
E. elevation plus pore fluid pressure at a given point

55. The unsaturated zone is __.

A. a zone of high biological activity located along the water table
B. the zone of capillary action adjacent to the water table
C. the zone of mixing at the water table
D. the zone above the water table
E. the zone at the ground surface that includes the soil profile

11-16
56. A(n) ____ is a body of ground water separated from the main water table by a zone that is
not saturated.
A. confined aquifer
B. perched water table
C. aquiclude
D. free aquifer
E. vadose zone

57. ______ is a deposit of calcite that forms around hot springs.

A. Hematite
B. Quartz
C. Travertine
D. Stalactite
E. Sinter

58. In very dry climates such as deserts, rivers tend to be __.

A. gaining streams
B. subsequent streams
C. meandering streams
D. losing streams
E. consequent streams

11-17
59. Shales can have substantial porosity but have low _____.
A. cement
B. permeability
C. void space
D. pore space
E. conductivity

60. In a(n) _____ aquifer water rises above the top of the aquifer when a drill penetrates it.
A. artesian
B. spring
C. erupting
D. dry

11-18

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Chapter 11 - Ground Water

True / False Questions

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

2. Groundwater is a major economic resource.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

3. Gravel has both high porosity and excellent permeability.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Topic: Water Resources

5. The saturated zone overlies the water table.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

6. The capillary fringe is thicker in fine-grained sediments and thinner in coarse-grained

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

14. Artesian wells are associated with confined aquifers.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Topic: Water Resources

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

28. ________ refers to the ability of a rock to transmit fluids.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

30. ______ streams receive water from the saturated zone.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

32. The _____ is the zone above the water table.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

40. A deposit of loose sand may have a porosity of _____ percent.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

45. The water table ______ in humid regions.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

46. Heavily pumped wells near a coast can be contaminated by ____.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

47. Gasoline leaking from an underground storage tank will __.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand