VALVE

 Gate valve:
o https://www.marineinsight.com/tech/types-of-valves-used-on-ships-gate-valve-part-1/
o http://www.avkvalves.eu/en/insights/gate-valves/what-is-a-gate-valve

o Locked open (LO) & Locked closed (LC): http://process-engineer-must-

know.blogspot.com/2016/02/lock-and-cso.html
The use of LO / LC valves is often safety related. This system provides a means to
ensure that some critical manual valves remain in their desired position during normal
operation and are not mistakenly operated. Maintaining such a system requires strict and
stringent procedures to manage the position of the valves and to manage their locks. In
my experience, in also takes a strong safety culture within the organisation.

An example of Locked Open (LO) valves would be on the inlet and the outlet of Pressure
Safety Valves (PSVs) or relief valves. These isolation valves on the inlet and outlet of a
PSV must indeed remain open during normal operation in order that they can protect the
equipment on which they are mounted. Maloperation / accidental closure of those valves
during normal operation could have catastrophic consequences. Hence the requirement
to lock them in their open position.

An example of a Locked Closed (LC) valve would be on a line to the maintenance closed
drains system. Ingress of flammable hydrocarbons in the maintenance closed drains
system during normal operation is hazardous, therefore the isolation valve on the drain
line must be closed during normal operation. Hence the requirement to lock them in their
closed position.
o Fail Close and Fail Open: https://duniakarya.wordpress.com/2012/12/24/cara-setting-
control-valve-tipe-fail-close-fail-open-di-ao-block-deltav/
 Check valve:
o How do it works?: http://www.cpvmfg.com/blog/what-is-a-check-valve/

o
 o Why use check valve instead of others? : http://empoweringvalves.com/check-valves-
function-selected-valves-types/
 Instrument Identification Symbols
o http://www.oilngasseparator.info/oil-handling-surfacefacilities/production-
process/separator-level-control.html
o https://kentintrol.com/severe-service-valves/separator-level-control/
o http://www.instrumentasi.info/2015/02/level-permukaan-cairan-pada-process-control-
system-separator.html
o