Chapters 22-24

KINGDOM PLANTAE
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Cell type

• Cell organization

• MoN

• Mostly terrestrial, some aquatic

• Cell walls made of

WHAT PLANTS NEED TO SURVIVE

• •

•gas exchange, and movement of water

WHICH GROUP DO SCIENTISTS BELIEVE PLANTS
EVOLVED FROM?

A. Fungi
B. Protozoans
C. Algae
D. Bacteria
 Evolution of Plants

Flowering
plants
Cone-bearing
plants

Ferns and
their relatives Flowers; Seeds
Mosses and Enclosed in Fruit
their relatives

Seeds

Water-Conducting
(Vascular) Tissue

Green algae
ancestor
MOSSES
• low-growing (“carpet-like”), found in moist areas
• No seeds
• No vascular tissue
FERNS

 No seeds
 Have vascular tissue – specialized tissues to
transport water, minerals, and nutrients
 Xylem – transports water from roots to leaves
 Phloem – transports nutrients from leaves to roots

 Allowed the formation of ROOT, STEMS, and LEAVES

 Allows plants to grow TALLER!

ROOTS
 absorbs water and minerals from soil
 anchors plant into ground.
STEMS
 structural support for upright growth
LEAF
 carries out most photosynthesis
FERNS
 reproduce by forming spores on underside of
leaves
 Reproduction is dependent on water – sperm
must swim to the egg
GYMNOSPERMS & ANGIOSPERMS

 Contain adaptations that allow plants to

reproduce without water: Flowers or cones
(gametes grow within these), transfer of sperm by
pollen, seeds that house embryo
 POLLEN
 produce pollen - contains the male gamete (sperm)
 Pollination – pollen grain is carried to egg
SEEDS
 Contains zygote or embryo, food supply and
protective coat (seed coat) to prevent drying out

Seed coat

embryo

Food supply
SEEDS (CONT)

 Seeds allow offspring of plants to be dispersed

to new locations by wind, water, and animals
 increases BIODIVERSITY!
GYMNOSPERMS

 Gymnos = naked sperma = seed

 ex-cedar, cypress, pine, & spruce
POLLINATION IN GYMNOSPERMS

 female
&
male
cones—
most are wind
pollinated where
pollen is carried by
wind from male
cone to female
cone
ANGIOSPERMS (“ENCLOSED SEEDS”)
 Have flowers – reproductive structure brightly
colored or heavily scented to attract pollinators
 Pollination occurs through animals
 Flower Parts
male flower part - Stamen
stigma Carpel/pistil - female
style flower part

Anther-
produces pollen

Filament

Petal

ovary

Pg. 612 Ovule Sepals-modified leaves

(egg)
ANGIOSPERMS (CONT.)
 Have fruit
 Afterfertilization, the ovary of the
flower develops into the fruit
 Purpose is seed dispersal – when
animals eat fruit and then defecate,
seeds are passed. THIS IS THE
REASON FRUITS EXIST!
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A FRUIT?

A. kiwi

B. lettuce

C. tomato

D. pumpkin

E. strawberry
 Figure 22–25 Comparison of
Monocots and Dicots
Section 22-5

Monocots Dicots

Single Two
Seeds
cotyledon cotyledons

Leaves Parallel Branched

veins veins

Floral parts Floral parts often

Flowers often in in multiples
multiples of 3 of 4 or 5

Vascular Vascular
bundles bundles
Stems scattered arranged in
throughout stem a ring

Roots Fibrous roots Taproot

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