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Sleeper pads offer the following Highly elastic sleeper pads can also
advantages: represent an economical alternative to
Under Ballast Mats as a vibration-iso-
— Reduction of maintenance expenses lating measure.
— Lengthening of the service life of the
track structure Getzner has produced sleeper pads
— Reduction of disruptive vibrations since 1990. Today, they are used
successfully around the world on all
Sleeper pads offer operators the types of railway lines, from high-speed
opportunity to significantly reduce the networks to regional transport.
annual maintenance costs for tracks
and switches.
3
2 Functioning
Principle
Load distribution
with sleeper pads
Load distribution
without sleeper pads
4
Padded sleepers
The elastic properties of the The unique properties of the Sleeper pads from Getzner
sleeper pads lengthen the polyurethane material from reduce the direct dynamic load
bending line of the rails. The load Getzner result in an ideal embed- on the ballast. They reduce
from the train is distributed over ding of the ballast in the surface shifting of the ballast as well as
a larger number of sleepers and of the sleeper pads, stabilizing settling of the track.
therefore over a larger area. This the top-most ballast layer. This
reduced average compression yields an increase in the contact
also reduces the load on the surface between sleeper and
ballast. ballast from about 8 % (without
padding) to up to 35 % (with
padding).
5
3 Applications
Improvement in the
long-term behavior of
ballasted track
The effective use of sleeper pads from shown that the length of tamping
Getzner results in a reduced load on intervals can be at least doubled with
the ballast. This in turn reduces this procedure. The positive effect of
ballast break-up and abrasion. sleeper padding becomes clear particu-
larly quickly in areas subject to heavy
he ballast is optimally embedded loads, such as switches, structures or
T thanks to the plastic properties of
the pad, resulting in decreased ballast
track sections with very small curve
radii.
shifting. This method directly helps
preserve the ballast bed and slows The advantages of padded sleepers are
the settling of the track considerably. particularly impressive on heavy-laden
Experiences in recent years have sections with up to 37 tons of axle load.
Insufficient
Changes in track geometry
Intervention threshold quality on a test stretch in
Sufficient Austria since 2001.
Straight track section 1 (unpadded) Track section radius 425 m with padded sleeper
6
Vibration protection and
reduction of secondary
air-borne sound
Highly elastic pads offer a simple No significant changes to the directly vibration-isolating characteristics are a
method for reducing vibrations on emitted air-borne noise have yet been very effective measure for reducing
railway lines that is cost-effective in identified. secondary air-borne noise.
comparison with Under Ballast Mats.
In addition, they exhibit all the Secondary air-borne noise arises due
positive properties of elastoplastic to the sound emission of a structure
padding. that is stimulated to vibrate, for
example (e.g.) by a passing train.
epending on the maximum per-
D missible rail deflection, padded
sleepers achieve insertion losses on the
This applies in particular to metal
structures, such as steel bridges and
order of 10 dB(v) to 15 dB(v) (at 63 Hz). viaducts. Elastic sleeper pads with
30
20
Reduction
10 The vibrations are reduced in the
critical frequency range, which
also reduces the emissions to the
0 neighboring environment.
Amplification Source: Köstli K.; Sleeper Padding for Reduction of Structure-
Borne Noise Immissions; p. 10; conference articles, 10th
Symposium on Structural Dynamics and Vibration Measurements,
Ziegler Consultants 2007.
-10
5 6,8 8 10 12,5 16 20 25 31,5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250
Frequency (Hz)
7
Reduction of short pitch Speciically deined elas-
rail corrugation ticity for padded switches
Short rail corrugations are periodic The bedding stiffness varies over the reduces passenger comfort. In addition,
bumps in the track surface. course of a switch. This is due to the vibrations are transmitted to nearby
different sleeper lengths and stiffen- buildings via the subsoil.
everal years of research have
S shown that sleeper pads signifi-
cantly slow the occurrence of such
ing components, such as the frog,
check rails or wing rails. Getzner offers a combination of
different sleeper pads (stiffnesses)
track damage. This is particularly he different bedding stiffness specifically for switches. The load
noticeable on narrow track bends that
are susceptible to short rail corrugation.
T values result in a dynamic load
when a train passes. This leads to a
transmission to the superstructure can
be homogenized with these pads.
rapid wearing of the track, which Differences in deflection are minimized,
increases maintenance costs and resulting in smoothing of the switch.
0.20 25 million t*
Without
(Track bend radius: 230 m) sleeper pad
20 million t*
0.15
8
An even load pattern is also produced, — Smoothing of deflection during train
which helps preserve the ballast. passes
— Increased passenger comfort
Sleeper pads from Getzner also — Preservation of the ballast
contribute here to lengthening the — Reduction of disruptive vibrations
intervals between tamping and — Reduction of life cycle costs (LCC)
maintenance work. Increased passen-
ger comfort and lower life cycle costs The deflection during train passes can
make sleeper pads from Getzner a be simulated with a specially developed
popular solution among railway computer model and optimized through
managers. the effective use of Getzner pads.
Adaptation of track
stiffness at transitions
leeper padding helps to decrease
S large jumps in stiffness and
thereby deflection as well as to reduce
voids under the sleepers. These occur
primarily at transitions where super-
structures with different stiffness
values meet. The sleeper padding
Ballasted track Bridge results in a more homogenous train
passage as well as preservation of the
superstructure components.
9
4 Using Sleeper Pads
Pays Off
120 %
100
100 %
80 %
71
61
60 %
48
Statistical analysis
40 % (interest rate 0 %)
23
Annual costs
20 %
16 13 Depreciation
10
Operating complication costs
0% Maintenance costs
Conventional super- Superstructure
structure with 60E1 rails with 60E1 rails and
and concrete sleepers padded sleepers
10
5 Experience with
Sleeper Soles
Widely proven
Almost all major railway companies in Getzner pads that have been removed
Europe have successfully used sleeper for testing. In addition, measurements
pads from Getzner for over 18 years. taken on padded track sections also
verify the excellent quality of the
leeper pads are used for vibration sleeper pads.
S protection, to provide elasticity for
large bridge structures, to improve To ensure a long service life for sleepers,
track geometry quality and to reduce the durability of all types is inspected
track maintenance costs. according to BN 918 145-1. These tests
are either performed externally at a
The sleeper pads from Getzner have certified testing agency (e.g. Munich
outstanding long-term properties. This University of Technology) or internally
is demonstrated by sleepers with on Getzner’s large test bench.
11
6 Sleeper Selection – The Right
Getzner Pads for Every Application
SLB
types
Vibration
protection
Tram line
SLS 100 kN
types
Underground line
120 kN
Standard-gauge railway
250 kN
SLN
types Freight train
(heavy axle loads)
370 kN
Axle load
12
Oresund Bridge
13
7 Secure
Fastening
14
8 International
References
Getzner projects
speak for themselves
Getzner solutions can be found around Goal: Sleeper pads for vibration Goal: Elastically supported
the world – as can the Getzner team. isolation switches
etzner Werkstoffe is present in the — Metro Amsterdam East Line, — ÖBB, Austria
G most strategically important parts
of the world with its ten branch ofices.
Netherlands
— Bruchsal Tunnel, Germany
— DB, Germany
— SBB, Switzerland
The company serves practically all of — Umega Oka Line, Japan — CR, Czech Republic
the relevant markets in the world — Britomart Station, New Zealand — Pro Rail, Netherlands
through numerous sales partners. — Matstetten-Rothrist, Switzerland — Jernbaneverket, Norway
— Timelkam, Feldkirch and Hallwang,
“Sleeper Padding for Ballasted Track” Austria
reference list (excerpt):
— ÖBB, Austria
— DB, Germany
— SBB, Switzerland
— SNCF, France
— Bane Denmark, Denmark
— KR, Korea
— Jernbaneverket, Norway
— CR, Czech Republic
— Infrabel, Belgium
— ADIF, Spain
15
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