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CROP PLANTS OF INDIA

A Check-list of Scientific Names

Compiled by:

E. Roshini Nayar
Anjula Pandey
Kamala Venkateswaran .
Rita Gupta
B. S. Dhillon

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

New Delhi 110 012 , India
CROP PLANTS' OF INDIA
A Check-list of Scientific Names

Compiled by:

E. Roshiri Nay~r
Anjula Pandey
Kamala Venkateswaran
Rita Gupta
B.S. Dhillon

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

New Delhi 110012
 Agro - biodiversity No. 26
July, 2003

All rights reserved

~ 2003 Nationat Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India

Cover photo: Paddy, Kaempferia, Malabar tamarind, Jackfruit (left to right, clockwise)

Citation:
Nayar, E. Roshini, Anjula Pandey, Kamala Venkateswaran, Rita Gupta and B. S. Dhillon.
2003. Crop Plants of India: A Check-list of Scientific Names. National Bureau of Plant Genetic
Resources, New Delhi, India

Copies available from:

Director, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources
New Delhi - 110012, India

Printed by Alpha Uthographics Inc., Naraina, New Delhi, Ph: 9811199620

 Foreword

The Indian subcontinent is a region of rich diversity in crop species and is

considered to be a 'megacentre of diversity'. Important domesticated 'species of this
region include rice, pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, gourds, cucumber, mango,
banana, citrus, black pepper, long pepper, cardamom, sugarcane and jute. Other
crops, such as sorghum, finger millet, maize, amaranth, cowpea and cluster bean,
have been introduced and have developed diversity in this area. Consequently,
diversi~y in crop species that is unique to the area occurs in the subcontinent.

"Crop Plants of India: A Check-list of Scientific Names" includes information on 480

field and horticultural crop species (excludin'g ornamentals and timber yielding
species) which are under cultivation in India. It provides a reference list of crops with
their botanical, common English and local Hindi names. For less widespread crops,
names in local regional languages are also given. The Check-list can be referred to
either by botanical names or common and local names. Further, information is also
included on use of the crop taxa. The purpose of this publication is to provide ready
information to botanists and other scientists for correct and uniform usage of crop
names.

It is hoped that this publication ,shall be used by a wide spectrum of scientists and
students.

G Kalloo
18 July 2003
New Delhi Deputy Director General (Horticulture and Crop Science)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi
 Contents

Introduction 1

Crop Plants of India

Scientific Names 2
Common and Local Names, 3

Glossary of-Terms/Acronyms Used 6

in Check-list

References 8

List of Crop Plants of India

Part A: Botanical Names 11

Part B: Common and Local Names 27
\
 Crop Plants of India
A Check-list of Scientific Names

Introd uction

Scientific names of crop plants are adopted and where required modified according
to a standard set of rules. These rules are laid down for crop species by the International
Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Species (ICNCP) and by the International Code of
Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) for wild and weedy species. The Rules help to
unambiguously describe a species and refer to plant material, collected, evaluated and
utilized by various workers at different times.

Use of the correct name for a species is particularly relevant in plant genetic resource
(PGR) programmes and associated gene-banks, such as the one at the National Bureau
of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR). Plant material collected as herbarium samples,
planting materials, pollen and seeds go through various stages of handling from the time
that it is collected to the time it goes for storage, or utilization in breeding programmes.
Hence, there is the need for a 'ready reckoner' of correct names for use in such situations;
some examples of I!sts of names published for this purpose are- a check-list of 3000
names by US Department of Agriculture (Terrell et al., 1986), later updated by Wiersema
et al. (1999), and Glossary of Crop Science Terms by Crop Science Society of America
(Barnes and Beard, 1992).

Crop' Plants of India

Indian region has been considered to be a major centre of domestication and diversity
of crop plants (Arora, 1991; Chadha and Gupta, 1995; Pareek et al., 2000; Purseglove,
1968,1972; Simmonds, 1970; Singh and Arora, 1972, 1973; Vavilov, 1887-1943*; Zeven
and de Wet, 1982). A total of 16q cultivated species show build-up of diversity in the
region. These include crops which may have a secondary centre of diversity build-up (Table
1), in some cases substantiated by exploratory taxonomic and sY$tematic studies (Arora
et al., 1973; Singh and Thomas, 1978; Hymowitz, 1972). Other crops have been introduced
for cultivation and find acceptance in this region. Some native and introduced species are
in the experimental stage of cultivation and have potential for emerging as major crop
plants. The Indian gene centre, therefore, has distinctive diversity in crop plants, which
makes it relevant that we have a glossary for use in the Indian region.

*Love, D. 1992. Translated from Russian into English

 Information on the Indian crops and crop groups is available in various treatises,
books and manuals. Moreover, there has been a close link in the past between plant
introduction programmes of India (NBPGR, erstwhile Plant Introduction Division of IARI)
and their documentation. Information on nearly 5000 species of useful plants of India
(Am basta et al., 1986) is available in these records.

Taxonomic and systematic studies undertaken on various crop plant groups have
indicated that, by and large, the plant names of crop species in older floras of the Indian
region have undergone change. Identification services and other information supplied on
'crop plants to various users at the National Herbarium of Cultivated Plants (NHCP), New
Delhi over the past decade have provided a further impetus for consolidating this
information .

. Scientific Names

Naming of crop plants follows the Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al.,
1994) upto the species category and, for infraspecific categorisation, mainly follows the
Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (Trehane et al., 1995). In general, names below
variety are not included in a nomenclatural list. However, within crop species, differences
may be at the level of varieties, as in chilli, or races, for example in sorghums and different
types of cotton, or oilseed and vegetable types of Brassica campestris and B. o/eracea
(Annexure 2).

Some of the common rules of nomenclature to be followed pertain to : a) italicisation

of botanical names (genus, species and varieties), b) correct author or authorities using
recommended abbreviations (Brummitt and Powell, 1992; Stafleu and Cowan, 1976-1988),
and c) styles for depicting the names of cultivars (Jain and Rao, 1976). Changes in
nomenclatural rules have also further abbreviated the names of well-accepted authors of
plant names such as tor Linnaeus from 'Linn.' to 'L.'. Furthermore, similar endings of genus
and species names have been approved; tor example, the change in name for cluster
bean from Cyamopsis tetragon%ba to C. tetragon%bus is now the accepted norm.
Variety is an intraspecific category under ICBN and is also a synonym for cultivar (cv) of a
crop species, released for cultivation. A name belonging to the varietal category is italicised
whereas a cultivar name is generally written without italicisation and with the first letter in
capitals as in proper nouns. This has been a source of error in writing crop names when
'variety' (var.) is substituted for cultivar (cv).
Common and Local Names

Common English names provide an important link to botanical names particularly for
crop plants. These are useful when they indicate a visually observable feature- 'Giant taro'
or Giant alocasia' is A/ocasia macrorrhiza, whereas 'Taro' is A/ocasia indica and has
smaller tubers; an easily noted feature such as smell of 'Muskmallow' for Abelmoschus
moschatus; or nativity such as 'Indian belladonna' and 'Indian senna' for Atropa acuminata
and Cassia angusfifo/ia, respectively. In crops where problems of nomenclatural changes
are rampant, common and local names help in pinpointing the botanical identity; 'Upland
cottons' of northern plains and 'Cambogea cottons' of southern parts, belong to Gossypium
herb9,ceum var. /atifolium.

_ Etymology of local names, vis-a-vis names in ancient languages such as Sanskrit

and Tamil, have since long been used for determining antiquity of crops, substantiated by
evidences from other sources (de Candolle's work on origin and domestication of
crops, 1886). Consistent use of a few names ou~ of a multitude of names available in
literature (Watt, 1889-1896; With. India, 1948-1976; Ambasta et a/., 1986) has been
adopted for the check-list. Linkage of these nam'es to local names prevalent in major
agricultural regions of India is an aspect that needs to be worked out in the future.

This check-list includes 480 names of commonly available field and plantation crops
of India. Also included are some plant species, in which experimental cultivation has been
a success or cultivation on local scale is prevalent; in general, these had been gathered
from the wild and grown as backyard cUltigens (medicinally important species, and some
dye and tannin yielding plants). These have been indexed according to botanical and
common names along with. category of use for ready reference.

Category-wise grouping of t~e crop species listed in the check-list was as follows:
cereals and millets (23), grain legumes (13), fruits and nuts (86), vegetables and edible
tubers (94), oilseeds (24), spices, condiments and flavourings (50), fibres (23), medicinal
and aromatic plants (83) and others (84).

3
 Table 1. Crop Species of the Indian Gene Centre

Categories Crops

Cereals and millets Paddy (Oryza sativa), little millet (Panicum

sumafrense), kodo millet (Paspalum
scrQbiculatum), finger millet* (Eleusine coracana),
sorghum* (Sorghum bic%r), shot wheat*
(Triticum aestivum vaJ. sphaerococcum), maize*
(Zea mays), barley* (Hordeum vu/gare) ,
prosomillet* (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet*
(Setaria italica)

Pseudocereals - Ramdana* (Amaranthus caudatus), buckwheat*

(Fagopyrum spp.)

Grain legumes Black gram (Vigna mungo), moth bean

(Vigna aconitifolia), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan),
horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), local cowitch
(Mucuna utilis), sword bean (Canavalia gladiata),
cluster bean* (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba),
chickpea* (Cicer arietinum), rice bean*
(Vigna umbellata)

Edible tubers Taro (C%casia esculenta), yam

(Dioscorea spp.), elephant foot yam
(Amorphophallus campanulafus)

Vegetables Eggplant (Solanum me/ongena), ridged gourd and

smooth gourd (Luffa spp.), round gourd
(Praecitrullus fistulosus), pOinted gourd and snake
gourd (Trichosanthes spp.), mungra* (Raphanus
sativus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), ivy gourd
(Coccinia cordifolia), cowpea* (Vigna unguiculata),
okra* (Abelmoschus esculentus), pumpkin*
(Cucurbita spp.), chilli* (Capsicum spp.), leafy
amaranth* (Amaranthus spp.), bitter gourd*
(Momordica charantia), bottle gourd*
(Lagenaria siceraria)

4
 Fruits and nuts Mango (Mangifera indica), banana (Musa spp.),
iamun (Syzygium cumini), jack fruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), lime and mausambi (Citrus spp.),
karaunda (Carissa carandas), khirni (Manilkara
hexandra), phalsa (Grewia subinaeqqalis), bael
(Aeg/e marme/os), wood apple (Feronia limonia),
kokum (Garcinia indica), chilgoza (Pinus
gerardiana)

Oilseeds Rai, brown and yellow sarson (Brassica spp.),

sesame (Sesamum indicum), safflower*
(Carthamus tinctorius)

Fibres Jute (Corchorus capsularis), cottons

(Gossypium spp.), sunnhemp (Crota/aria juncea) ,
dhaincha (Sesbania cannabina), bamboos
(Bambusa spp., Sinocalamus spp.)
'-

Spices, condiments and Turmeris (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber

flavouring officina/e), cardamom (E/ettaria cardamomum) ,
Bengal cardamom (Amomum aromalicum), long
pepper and black pepper (Piperspp.), Indian
cassia lignea (Cinnamomum tamala)

Medicinal and aromatic Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina),

plants kuth (Saussurea lappa)

Miscellaneous Beverages: tea (Camellia sinensis)

Sugar: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Data taken mainly from Arora (1991) and Zeven and de Wet (1982)
*Species with secondary centre of1diversity in India; names in Hindi or regional
languages underlined.

5
 Abbreviations

(1) Languages

Assam. Assamese
Beng. Bengali
Guj. Gujarati
Kash. Kashmiri
Kum. Kumaoni
Mal. Malayalam
Mar. Marathi
Punj. Punjabi
Tam. Tamil
Tel. Telugu

(2) Category (as per use)

CfMi Cereals and millets

Et Edible tubers
Fb Fibres
Fo Fodder
FrfN Fruits and nuts
GI Grain legumes
MlApf Medicinal and aromatic/perfumery plants
Os Oilseeds
SfCfF Spices, condiments and flavouring
Pc Pseudocereals
Vg Vegetables
Ms Miscellaneous
Ms-Bv Beverages
Ms-Dt Detergents
. Ms-Gri Gums, resins and industrial oils
Ms-In Insecticides
Ms-NMt Narcotics and masticatory
Ms-Rtnd Rubber, tannins and dyes
Ms-Sgst Sugars and starches

6
 Glossary of Terms/Acronyms Used in Check-list

Backyard Cultigen: This is a cultivated plant grown and used on a local scale without
adoption of any standard procedures of sowing and harvesting.

Category: This term refers to the different ranks or levels of grouping of plants in a
hierarchical taxonomic structure (Davis & Heywood, 1963).

Crop/Crop Plant: It is grown on purpose for a later harvest and includes plants that have
been domesticated or are in the process of alteration from the wild state (Harlan, 1975).

Crop Genetic Resources: Reproductive or vegetative/ propagative material of the

following categories of plants- (i) cultivated varieties (cultivars) in current use and newly
developed varieties; (ii) obsolete cultivars; (iii) primitive cultivars (Iandraces).; (iv) special
genetic stocks including elite and current breeders' lines and mutants (International
Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Article 2, FAO, 1996).

Crop Group: This is a major taxonomic group cqntaining two or more crop species.

Cultigen: A synonym for 'cultivated plants'. This refers to a plant or group known only in
cultivation (Lawrence, 1951).

Cultivar (sing. cv pl. cvs): This is a variety or a race that has originated or developed
and persists under cultivation (Lawrence, 1951).

Experimental CUltivation: This is the process in which a plant species is grown and
harvested for determining the potential for domestication, or for developing a package of
practices.

Form (or Forma): It is a sporadic variant distinguished by a single or a few linked

characters, and without a distinct distributional range.
i

\
ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature): This Code deals with the rufes
for naming all plants (Greuter et al., 1988; Spencer, 2000).

ICNCP (International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants): The Cultivated

Plant Code deals with the naming of plants "in terms of additional names" (over and above
those defined by the Botanical Code) ''whose origin or selection is primarily due to human
intentions" (Trehane et al., 1995; Spencer, 2000).

Nomenclature: Botanical nomenclature is the application of distinctive technical names

to taxa in accordance with a set of international rules (ICBN andICNCP).

7
 Race: This is a category between subspecies and variety, which is intermediate in scale
between the regional scale for the former and localized scale for the latter
(Interpreted from Davis and Heywood, 1963).
\

Species (sing. sp., pl. spp.): Variation in living organisms which "do not vary continuously
over the whole range" of distribution, but "fall into more or less well defined groups," -"are
commonly called species". Species is the rank or level at which we place these groups
1Davis and Heywood, 1963). .

Subspecies (sing. subsp., pl. subspp.): This is widely accepted as a considerable

segment of a species with a distinct area of distribution (generally on a large-scale or
reg~onal basis) and more or less distinct morphology, often showing some intergradation
in the area of overlapping distribution with other subspecies (Davis and Heywood, 1963).

Systematics: This is the term that refers to scientific study of the kinds and diversity of
organisms
.
and of any and all relationships between them (Davis and Heywood, 1963).
(

Taxon (pl. taxa): This is a general term applied to any taxonomic group, irrespective of its
classification level or rank. For example, Poaceae members (among families) and Triticum
(among genera), are both referred to as taxa (Davis and Heywood, 1963; Lawrence, 1951).

Taxonomy: This is the science dealing with the study of classification of diversity, including
its bases, principles, procedures and rules. The term was first coined by de Cando lie
(Davis and Heywood, 1963).

Variety: (a) Taxonomic Variety: This is a morphologically distinct variant of a species,

occupying a restricted geographical area within the overall distributional raoge of the
species (Davis and Heywood, 1963). (b) Crop Plilnt Variety: This is a plant grouping
within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which can be (i) defined by the
expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of
genotypes; (ii) distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least
one of the said characteristics; and (iii) considered as a unit with regard to its suitability for
being propagated unchanged (International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties
of Plants, Article 1, FAO, 1996).

8
 References

Ambasta, S. P., Ramachandran, K., Kashyapa, K. and Ramesh Chand. (eds.}.1986.

The Useful Plants of India. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi,
India. 918 p.

Arora, R. K. 1991. Plant diversity in the Indian gene centre. p. 25-54. In, Plant Genetic
Resources, Conservation and Management- Concepts and Approaches. Parada, R. S.
and Arora, R. K. (eds.). IBPGR Regional Office for South and Southeast Asia, New Delhi,
India. 392 p.

Arora, R. K., Chandel, K. P. S. and Joshi, B. S. 1973. Morphological diversity in

Phaseo/us sub/obatus Roxb. Current Science, 42: 359-361.

Barnes, R. F. and Beard, J. B. (eds.). 1992. Glossary of Crop Science Terms.

Crop Science Society of America, Wisconsin, USA. 88 p.

Brummitt, R. K. arid Powell, C. E. 1992. Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, London, UK. 732 p.

Chadha, K. L. and Gupta, R. 1995. Advances in Horticulture, Vol. 11. Malhotra Publishing
House, New Delhi, India. 932 p. '

Davis, P. H. and Heywood, V. H. 1963. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Oliver and

Boyd, UK. 556 p.

de Candolle, A. P. 1886. Origin of Cultivated Plants. Second ed., Hafner Publ. Co., New
York, USA, 1964. 468 p.

FAO. 1996. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome,
Italy.

Greuter, W., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., ChalOner, W. G., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth,
D. L., Jorgenson, P. M., Nicolson, D. H., Silva, P. C., Trehane, P. and McNeill, J.
1994. International Code of Bota~ical Nomenclature, Regnum Vegetabile 131, Koeltz
Scientic Books, Konigstein, Germany. 389 p.

Hymowitz, T. 1972. The transdomestication concept as applied to guar. Econ.

Bot. 26: 49-80.

Jain, S. K. and Rao, R. R. 1976. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. Today &
Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, New Delhi, India. 157 p.

lawrence, G. H. M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Indian ed., 1964, Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co., Calcutta, India. 323 p.

9
Pareek, S. K., Bisht, I. S., Bhatt, K. C., Ashok Kumar, Koppar, M. N., Gupta, P. N.,
Mithal, S. K. and Singh, Rakesh. 2000. Jai Vigyan National Science and Technology
Mission on Conservation of Agro-biodiversity (Plant Genetic Resources). Manual on
Exploration and Collection of Plant Genetic Resources and Related Indigenous Knowledge.
Agrobiodiversity (PGR-5), NBPGR, New Delhi, India. 63 p.

Purseglove, J. W.1968. Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons. Longman Group Ltd., UK. 719 p.

Purseglove, J. W. 1972. Tropical Crops. Monocotyledons. Longman Group Ltd., UK.

607 p.

Simmonds, N. W.1970. Evolution of Crop Plants. Longman Group Ltd., UK. 339 p.

Singh, H. B. and Arora, R. K. 1972. Raishan, Digitaria sp.- Minor millet of the Khasi hills,
India. Econ. Bot. 26: 376-380.

Singh, H. B. and Arora, R. K. 1973. Soh-phlong, Moghania vestita, a leguminous root

crop of India. Eoon. Bot. 27: 322-332.

Singh, H. B. and Thomas, T. A. 1978. Grain Amaranths, Buckwheat and Chenopods.

Revised ed., ICAR, New Delhi, India. 70 p.

Stafleu, F. A. and Cowan, R. S. 1976-1988. Taxonomic Literature. 7 vols., Second ed.,

Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Terrell, E. E., Hill, S. R., Wiersema, J. H. and Rice, W. E. 1986. A Checklist of Names
for 3000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance. Second ed., USDA-ARS Agric. Handb.
505, Washington, D. C., USA. 241 p.

Trehane, P., Brickell, C. D., Baum, B. R., Hetterscheid, W. L. A., Leslie, A. C., McNeill,
J., Spongberg, S. A. and Vrugtman, F. 1995. The International Code of Nomenclature
for Cultivated Plants-1995. Regnum Vegetabile 133, Quarterjack Publishing, Wimborne,
UK.175 p.

Vavilov, N.t 1887-1943. Origin and Geography of Cultivated Plants. English ed.: Translated
by Love, D. 1992. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 498 p.

Watt, G. 1889-1896. A Dictionary of Economic Products of India. 7 vols., Repr. 1972,

Calcutta, India.

Wiersema, J. H. and Loen, B. 1999. World Economic Plants. A Standard Reference.

CRC Press, Washington, D. C., USA. 749 p.

With India. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India- Raw Materials. 11 Vols. & 2 Supplements.
Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, India.

Zeven, A. C. and de Wet, J. M. J. 1982. Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions
of Diversity. Wageningen, The Netherlands. 263 p.

10
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26
PART B: Common and Local Names

1. English and Hindi/ local names (from Part A) have been listed alphabetically;
2. Botanical names (from Part A) are listed without author names.

English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Ach Morinda citrifolia

Adlay Coix lacryma-jobi
Adr:ak Zingiber officinale
Adu Prunus persica
Adzuki bean Vigna angularis
Afim Papaver somniferum
African ollpalm Elaeis guineensis
Aginghas Cymbopogon citratus
Ajmod Apium graveolens
Ajmod Apium graveolens var. dulce
Ajmod Trachyspermum roxburghianum
Ajwain Trachyspermum ammi
Akhrot Juglans regia
AI Morinda cifrifolia
Alfalfa Medicago sativa
Allspice Pimenta dioica
Almond Prunus amygdalus
Aisi Unum usitatissimum
Alu Solanum tuberosum
Alubalu Prunus cerasus
Alubukhara Prunus domestica
Am Mangifera indica
Am-haldi Curcuma amada
Amaranth Amaranthus caudatus
Amaranth Amaranthus hybridus
Amla Emb/ica officinalis
Ammi Ammi visnaga
Amra Spondias pinnata
Amrita Tinospora cordifolia
Amrud Psidium guajava
Ananas Ananas comosus
Anantmul (Beng.) Amaranthus caudatus
Anar Punica granatum
Angur Vitis vinifera
Anise Pimpinella anisum
Aniseed Pimpinella anisum
Anjan Cenchrus ciliaris
Anjir Ficus carica
Ankra Vicia sativa
Annatto Bixa orellana
Aparajit C/itona ternacea
Apple Malus pumila
Apricot (Common apricot) Prunus armeniaca

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

27
 English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Araar Juniperus communis

Arabian coffee Coffea arabica
Aramina fibre plant Urena lobata subsp. lobata
Arandi Ricinus communis
Archu (Kum.) Rheumemodi
Areca nut Areca catechu
Arhar Cajanus cajan
Aru (Assam.) Derris ferruginea
Arvi Colocasia esculenta
Asal rai Brassica juncea
Ash gourd Benincasa hispida
. Asho (Beng.) Morinda angustifolia
Ashphal Euphoria longan
Ashvaganda (Beng.) Withania somnifera •
Asiatic cotton Gossypium arboreum
Asiatic cotton Gossypium herbaceum
Asiatic yam Dioscorea alata
Asmania (Punj.) Ephedra gerardiana
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Australian pea Lablab purpureus vaL lignosus
Avarai (Tam.) Lablab purpureus
Avocado Persea americana

Babchi Psoralea corylifolia

Babul Acacia jacquemontii
Babuna (Punj.) Matricaria chamomilla
Bach Acorus· calamus
Bachita Urena lobata subsp. lobata
Bada nimbu Citrus medica
Bada nimbu Citrus limon
Badam Prunus amygdalus
Badhal Artocarpus lakoocha
Badi elaichi Amomum subulatum
Bael tree Aegle marmelos
Bagugosha Pyrus communis
Baheda Terminalia bellirica
Baingan Solanum melongena
Bajra Pennisetum glaucum
Bakla Vicia faba
Bakla Vicia sativa
Ballar Lablab purpureus var. lignosus
Balsam Impatiens balsamina
Ban adarak Zingiber zerumbet
Ban kakri Podophyllum hexandrum
Banana Musa acuminata X M. balbisiana
Banana Musa balbisiana
Banarasi rai Brassica nigra
Bandhgobhi BrasSica oleracea var. capitata

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

28
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Banmethi Me/ilotus indica

Bans keora Agave americana
Bara ritha (Beng.) Sapindus trifoliatus
Bara sem Canavalia ensiformis
Bara sem Canavalia g/adiata
Barbados aloe Aloe barbadensis
Bari kantkari Solanum viarum
Barley Hordeum vulgare
Barnyard millet Echinochloa crus-galli
Bathua Chenopodium album
Bhui (Punj.) Kochia indica
Bel Aegle marmelos
Bell pepper Capsicum frutescens var. grossum
Bellary grass Heteropogon contortus
Belleric myrobalan Terminalia bel/irica
Bengal cardamom Amomum aromaticum
Bengal quince Aegle marme/os
Ber Ziziphus mauritiana
Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon
Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum
Betel nut Areca catechu
Betel vine Piperbetle
Bethu sag Chenopodium album
Bhang Cannabis sativa
Bhanjira Perilla frutescens
Bhindi Abelmoschus esculentus
Bihi Cydonia oblonga
Bilimbi Averrhoa bilimbi
Bilin Feronia limonia
Birmi Taxus baccata
Bitter apple Citrullus colocynthis
Bitter gourd Momordica charantia
Bitter gourd Momordica charantia var. muricata
Bitter orange Citrus aurantium
Black cumin Nigella sativa
Black gram Vignamungo
Black mulberry Morusnigra
Black mustard Brassica nigra
Black pepper Piper nigrum
Black wattle Acacia meamsii
Black zedoary Curcuma caesia
Blue panic grass \ Panicum antidota/e
Boro Mankachu (Assam.) Alocasia macrorrhiza
Bottle gourd Lagenaria sicerana
Box myrtle Myricanagi
Bread fruit Artocarpus a/titis
Bread wheat Triticum aestivum
Brinjal Solanum me/ongena

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

29
English name/Hindi or Local name Botanical name

Broad bean Vicia faba

Broccoli Brassica oleracea var. italica
Brussels sprouts Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum
Buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum
Buffalo grass Brachiaria mutica
Bunch grass Cenchrus ciliaris
Butter tree Madhuca indica

Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Cabbage-leaved mustard Brassica juncea subspp. integrifolia
var. rugosa
Camel's foot Bauhinia purpurea
Camphor basil Ocimum kilimandscharicum
Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphorum
Candle-nut tree Aleurites moluccana
Cannabis Cannabis sativa
Cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana
Carambola Averrhoa carambola
Caraway Carumcarvi
Carrot Oaucus carota var. sativa-
Carum Trachyspermum ammi
Cashew nut Anacardium occidentale
Cassava Manihot esculentum
Castor Ricinus communis
Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Cedarwood Cedrus deodara
Celery Apium graveolens
Celery Apium graveolensvar. dulce
Century plant Agave americana
Ceylon cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Ceylon gooseberry Oovyalis hebecarpa
Chai Camellia sinensis
Chakotra Citrus maxima .
Chameli Jasminum officinale forma
grandiflorum
Champa Michelia champaca
Chana Cicer arietinum
Chandan Santalum album
Chandramula Kaempferia galanga
Charas Cannabis sativa
Chaulmugra Hydnocarpus kurzii
Chavakku (Tam.) Acacia meamsii
Chebulic myrobalan Terminafia chebu/a .
Cheena Panicum miliaceum
Cherimoyer Annona cherimola
Cherry Prunus avium
Cherukiyanga (Mal.) Oioscorea esculenta
Chichinda Trichosanthes anguina

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

30
EngliSh name/Hindi or Local name Botanical name

Chickling vetch Lathyrus sativus

Chickpea Cicer arietinum
Chicory Cichorium intybus
Chikku . Achras sapota
Chil Pinus roxburghii
Chilgoza Pinus gerardiana
Chilgoza pine Pinus gerardiana
Chilli Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum
Chilli Capsicum frutescens
China grass Boehmeria nivea
Chinese gooseberry Actinidia chinensis
Chinese mustard Brassica juncea
Chir Pinus roxburghii .
Chirpine Pinus roxburghii
Chirata Swertia chirayita
Chiretta Swertia chirayita
Chironji Buchanania lanzan
Chitrak Plumbago indica
Chitrak Plumbago zeylanica
Chives Allium schoenoprasum
Choti elaichi Elettaria cardamomum
Chowchow Sechium edule
Chrysopogon Chrysopogon fulvus
Chukandar Beta vulgaris
Chulai Amaranthus blitum var. oleracea
Chulai Amaranthus paniculatus
Chulai sag Amaranthus gangeticus
Cinchona Cinchona ofticinalis
Citron Citrus medica
Citronella grass Cymbopogon nardus
Clove tree Syzygium aromaticum
Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonolobus
Cocoa, Cocoa Theobroma cacao
Coconut palm Cocos nucifera
Colocynth Citrul/us colocynthi$
Common cowitch Mucuna prurita
Common millet Panicum miliaceum
Common purslane Portulaca oleracea
Common sesban Sesbania sesban
Common vetch Vicia sativa
Congo coffee Coftea robusta
Congo jute plant Urena lobata subsp. lobata
Coriander Coriandrum sativum
Costus Saussurea lappa
Cotton Gossypium arboreum
Cotton Gossypium barbadense
Cotton Gossypium herbaceum
Cotton Gossypium hirsutum var. latifolium

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

31
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Country borage Coleus amboinieus

Country potato Coleus parviflorus
Cowa Gareinia cowa
Cowhage Mucuna prurita
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata
Creat Andrographis paniculata
Crook-necked squash Cucurbita moschata
Cucumber Cueumis sativus
Cultivated emmer Triticum dicoccum
Cumin Cuminum cyminum
Curry leaf tree Murraya koenigii
Custard apple Annona squamosa
Cutch Acacia catechu

Daisee Corchorus o/itorius

Dalchini Cinnamomum zey/anicum
Damask rose Rosa X damascena
Daran (Punj.) Fagopyrum escu/entum
Dasheen C%casia escu/enta
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera
Davana Artemisia pallens
Deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna
Deccan hemp Hibiscus cannabinus
Deodar Cedrus deodara
Dhaincha Sesbania cannabina
Dhan Oryza sativa
Dhania Coriandrum sativum
Dhawalu Chrysopogon fu/vus
Dhunchi Sesbania cannabina
Dill Ammi visnaga
Dioscorea Dioscorea floribunda
Doob Cynodon dacty/on
Doona {Kum.} Allium victorialis
Drumstick tree Moringa oleifera
Durumwheat Triticum durum

East Indian arrowroot Curcuma angustifo/ia

East Indian lemon grass Cymbopogon f1exuosus
Eddo C%easia escu/enta var. antiquorum
Eggplant So/anumme/ongena
Egyptian clover Trifolium a/exqndrinum
Egyptian cotton Gossypium barbadense
Egyptian henbane Hyoscyamus muticus
Egyptian senna Cassia acutifo/ia
Elephant ear yam C%casia escu/enta var. antiquorum
Elephant foot yam Amorphophallus eampanu/atus
Elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum
Emblic myrobalan Embliea officinalis
Ephedra Ephedra gerardiana

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

32
English nameIHindi or Local name Botanical name

European dill Anethum graveolens

European pear Pyrus communis

Fasali gulab Rosa X damascena

Fennel Foeniculum vulgare -
Fenugreek Trigonel/a comiculata
Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum
Ferula Ferula assafoetida
Field bean Lablab purpureus var. Jignosus
Field mint Mentha arvensis
Field pea Pisum sativum var. arvense
Reid pumpkin Cucurbita pepo
Fig (Common fig) Ficus carica
Finger millet Eleusine coracana
Fish-tail palm Caryota urens
Fleshy pod bean Mucuna pachylobia
Florida velvet bean Mucuna deeringiana
Foxglove (Common foxglove) Digitalis purpurea .
Foxnut Euryale ferox
Foxtail millet Setaria itaJica
French bean Phaseolus vulgaris.

Gaddanelli (Tel.) Girardinia pa/mata

Gajar Daucus carota var. sativa
Galgal Citrus limon
Gand bel Cymbopogon martinii
Gandhana Allium ascalonicum
Ganth gobhi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
Ganja Cannabis sativa
Ganjni Cymbopogonnantus
Ganna Saccharum officinarum
Garden cress LepidiunJ sativum
Garden endive Cichorium endivia
Garden lettuce Lactuca sativa
Garden pea Pisum sativum
Garden rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum
Garlic Allium sativum
Gehun Triticum aestivum .,
Gehun Triticum aestivum subsp.
sphaerococcum
German chamomile Matricaria chamomilla
Ghee Kunvar Aloe barbadensis
Ghia Lagenariasiceraria
Ghiabati Ipomoea pes-tigridis
Ghia-tori Luffa cyJindrica
Ghugaru (Guj.) Crota/aria burhia
Ghurush Vigna umbel/ata
Giant alocasia Alocasia macrorrhiza
Giant panic grass Panicul1J antidota/e
Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

33
English name/Hindi or Local name Botanical nama

Giant taro A/ocasia cucullata

Giant taro A/ocasia macrorrhiza
Gilas (Punj.) Prunus cerasus
Giloe Tinospora cordifolia
Gingelly Sesamum indicum
Ginger Zingiber otticinale
Goatnut Simmondsia chinensis
Gal kakra Momordica cochinchinensis
Gold thread Coptis teeta
Gram Cieer arietinum
Gram pasand Stylosanthes guyanensis
Grape (Common grape) Vitis vinifera
Grapefruit Citrus paradisi
Grass pea Lathyrus sativus
Greater ammi Ammi majus
Greater cardamom Amomum subulatum
Greater galangal Alpinia galanga
Greater¥am Dioscorea alata
Green gram Vigna radiata
Groundnut Arachis hypogaea
Guar· Cyamopsis tetragonolobus
Guava Psidium guajava
Guggal Commiphora wightii
Guinea grass Panicum maximum
Guiur Pastinaca sativa
Gulabjamb (Beng.) Syzygium jambos
Gulancha tinospora Tinospora cordifolia
Gul-mehendi Impatiens balsamina
Gulur (Beng.) Hodgsonia heteroc/ita
Gum guaiacum Guaiacum officinale
Gummi-gutta Gareinia gummi-gutta
Gunara Panicum antidotale
Gur-mar Gymnema sylvestre

Haldi Curcuma domestica

Halim Lepidiurn sativum
Halwa tendu Diospyros kaki
Halyun Asparagus officinalis
Hanumanphal (Kan.) Annona cherimola
Harda Terminalia chebula
Hatichuk He/ianthus tuberosus
Hedge leceia Desmanthus virgatus
Henna Lawsonia inermis
Hill lemon Citrus limon
Himalayan chestnut Aesculus indicus
Himalayan mulberry Morus serrata
Himalayan rhubarb Rheumemodi
Hing Ferula assafoetida
Hog plum Spondias pinnata

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

34
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

HoPS Humulus lupulus

Horse gram Macrotyloma uniflorum
Hyacinth bean Lablab purpureus

Imli Tamarindus indica

Indian bdellium tree Commiphora wightil
Indian belladonna Atropa acuminata
Indian cassia lignae Cinnamomum tamala
Indian cherry Cordia dichotoma
Indian chestnut Aesculus indicus
Indian crab apple Docynia indica
Indian dill Anethum sowa
Indian dwarf wheat Triticum aestivum subsp.
sphaerococcum
Indian gooseberry Emblica officinalis
Indian henbane Hyoscyamus niger
Indian jujube Ziziphus mauritiana
Indian long pepper Piper longum
Indian madder Rubia cordifolia
Indian mulberry Morinda citrifolia
Indian mustard Brassica juncea
Indian nard Nardostachys jatamansi
Indian oats Avena sterilis
Indian olive Olea ferruginea
Indian podophyllum Podophyllum hexandrum
Indian rose chestnut Mesua ferrea
Indian senna Cassia angustifolia
Indian spinach Basella alba
Indian spinach Beta vulgaris
Indian valerian Valeriana jatamansi
Indigo Indigofera tinctoria
Indrayan Citrullus colocynthis
1n1i (Tam.) Zingiber officinale
Ipecac Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Iron tree Mesua ferrea
Isabgol Plantago ovata
Italian millet Setaria italica
Ivy gourd Coccinia cordifolia

Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus

Jai A vena sativa
Jainti Sesbania sesban
Jaiphal Myristica fragrans
Jait Sesbania sesban
Jamalgota Croton tig/ium
Jambira Citrus limon
Jambu (Kum.) Allium stracheyi
Jamun Syzygium cuminii
Jangal jalebi Pithecellobium dulce

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

35
English namelHlndi or Local name Botanical name

Jangli akhrot Aleurites mofuccana

Jangli bhendi (Mar.) Abe/moschus manihot
Jangli bhindi Azanza lampas
Jangli toot Broussonetia papyrifera
Japanese barnyard millet Echinochloa frumentacea
Japanese peppermint Mentha arvensis subsp. hap/oca/yxvar.
piperascens
Japanese plum Eriobotrya japonica
Jasmine (Common jasmine) Jasminum officinale forma
grandiflorum
Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi
Jatiphal Myristica fragrans
Jau Hordeum vulgare
Java plum Syzygium cuminii
Javi A vena sterilis
Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus
Jew's mallow Corchorus olitorius
Jhinga-tori Luffa acutangula
Jimikand Amorphopha/lus campanu/atus
Jira Cuminum cyminum
Job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi
Jojoba, Jojoba Simmondsia chinensis
Jowar Sorghum bicolor
Juhi Jasminum auricu/atum
Juniper Juniperus communis

Kaavathu (Mal.) Dioscorea alata

, Kachalu C%casia esculenta
Kaddu Cucurbita moschata
Kagzi nimbu Citrus aurantifolia
Kahu Olea ferruginea
Kahu Lactuca sativa
Kaiphal Myricanagi
Kait Feronia limonia
Kajra Strychnos nux-vomica
Kaju Anacardium occidentale
Kakadi Cucumis melo var. utilissimus
Kaki persimmon Diospyros kaki
Kakrole Momordica dioica
Kala anjan Cenchrus setigerus
Kala jira Nigella sativa
Kala kangni Setaria italica
Kalatil Guizotia abyssinica
Kali mirch (Gol mirch) Piper nigrum
Kali tulsi Ocimum basilicum
Kalmisag Ipomoea aquatica
Kalonji Nige/la sativa
Kamal Nelumbo nucifera
Kamrakh Averrhoa carambola

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

36
English name/Hindi or Local name Botanical name

Kanak Triticum aestivum

Kankura (Beng.) Boehmeria nivea
Kapas Gossypium arboreum
Kapas Gossypium barbadense
Kapas Gossypium herbaceum
Kapas Gossypium hirsutum var. latitolium
Kapok Ceiba pentandra
Kappa (Mal.) Manihot esculentum
Kapur Cinnamomum camphorum
Kapurtulsi Ocimum kilimandscharicum
Karanj Pongamia pinnata
Karaunda Carissa carandas
Karela Momordica charantia
Karihari Gloriosa superba
Kariveppila (Mal.) Clausena dentata
Kariveppilei (Tam.) Murraya koenigii
Karonda Carissa carandas
Karpura tree Eucalyptus globulus
Karu Gentiana kurroo
Kasni Cichorium endivia
Kasni Cichorium intybus
Kaspat Fagopyrum tataricum
Kasturi-bhinda (Mar.) Abelmoschus moschatus
Kasuri methi Trigonella corniculata
Kataili chulai Amaranthus spinosus
Kataphal Baccaurea ramitlora
Katha Acacia catechu
Kathal At10carpus heterophyllus
Kela Musa balbisiana
Kela Musa acuminata X M. balbisiana
Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus
Kesar Crocus sativus
Keu Costus speciosus
Keura Pandanusodoraffssimus
Kewda Pandanus odoratissimus
Khada sag (Oriya) Amaranthus dubius
Khairwal Bauhinia purpurea
Khajur Phoenix dactylitera .
Khamalu Oioscorea alata
Kharbuja Cucumis melo var. melo
Khasi-kateri Solanum viarum
Khasikollu (Tam.) Phaseolus lunatus
Khatta Citrus aurantium
Khejra Prosopis cineraria
Kher Heteropogon contot1us
Khesari Lathyrus sativus
Khira Cucumis sativus
Khirni Manilkara hexandra

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

37
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Khorial (Assam.) Parkia roxburghii

Khubani Prunus armeniaca
Khursani-ajvain Hyoscyamus niger
Khas-khas, Khus-Khus Vetiveria zizanioides
Kash-Kash Papaver somniferum
Kichili-panai (Tam.) Arenga pinnata
Kidney bean Phaseo/us vulgaris
Kikar Acacia jacquemontii
Kimu Morus serrata
Kirayat Andrographis panicu/ata
Kittul Caryota urens
Kiwach Mucuna prurita
Kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis
Knol-khol Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
Kodakkapuli (Tam.) Garcinia gummi-gutta
Kodo Paspalum scrobiculatum
Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum
Kokum Garcinia indica
Kokum butter tree Garcinia indica
Kong (Kash.) Crocus sativus
Koni Setaria italica
Koorkan kizhangu (Tam.) Coleus parviflorus
Kotu Fagopyrum esculentum .
Kuchla Strychnos nux-vomica
Kudzu vine, Pueraria lobata
Kulanjan Alpinia galanga
Kulfa Portulaca oleracea
Kulthi Macrotyloma unitlorum
Kumra Cucurbita pepo
Kundru Coccinia cordifolia
Kurchi Holarrhena antidysenterica
Kuru Picrorhiza kurrooa
Kusum Carthamus tinctorius
Kut Saussurea lappa
Kuth Saussurea lappa
Kutki Gentiana kurroo
Kutki Panicum sumatrense
Kutki Picrorhiza kurrooa

Lady's finger Abe/moschus esculentus

Laha Brassica juncea
Lahan marvel Dichanthium annu/atum
Lahsoon Allium sativum
Lakar sem (Beng.) Psophocarpus tetragon%bus
Lal berela Sida rhombifolia
Lal kadsumbal CanavaJia gladiata
Lal mirch Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum
Lal mirch Capsicum.frutescens

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

38
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Lalsag Amaranthus gangeticus

Lal ambari Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima
Lamb's quarters Chenopodium album
Lapha (Beng.) Malva verticil/ata
Lasiurus Lasiurus indicus
Lasora Cordia dochotoma
Latkan Bixa orel/ana
Lauki Lagenaria siceraria
Laung Syzygium aromaticum
Lavender (True lavender) Lavandula angustifolia
Leechi Litchi chinensis
Lemon Citrus limon
Lemon grass Cymbopogon flexuosus
Lemon-scented eucalypt Eucalyptus citriodora
Lentil Lens culinaris
Lesser cardamom Elettaria cardamomum
Lesser yam Dioscorea esculenta
Levant cotton Gossypium herbaceum
Light galangal Alpinia zerumbet
Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus
Lime (Common lime) Citrus aurantifolia
Linseed Linum usitatissimum
Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra
Litchi Litchi chinensis
Little millet Panicum sumatrense
Lobia . Vigna unguiculata
Lokat Eriobotrya japonica
Longan Euphoria longan
Loose-skinned orange Citrus reticulata
Lotus Nelumbo nucifera
Luceme Medicago sativa
Lutco Baccaurea ramiflora

Macadamia nut Macadamia ternifolia

Macaroni wheat Triticum durum
Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus
Maha nimbu Citrus maxima
Mahua Madhuca indica
Mahua Madhuca /ongifolia
Maize Zeamays
Majith Rubia cordifolia
Makhana Eurya/e ferox
Makhmali sem (Punj.) Mucuna deeringiana
Makka Zeamays
Malabar glory lily Gloriosa superba
Mamira Coptis teeta
Mandarin Citrus sinensis
Mango Mangifera indica
Mango ginger Curcuma amada

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

39
English name/Hindi or Local name BotanicQ! n::lm3

Mangosteen ' Gareinfa mEin;;ostana

Mangustan Garein:a mangostana
Manila tamarind Pithecef!obium dulce
Manioc Manihot eseulentum
Maniit Rubia cordito/ia
Mankachu (Beng.) Alocasia eueullata
Mankachu (Beng.) A/oeasia indica
Mankanda Afocasia cucullata
Mankanda A/oeasia indica
Margosa Azadirachta indica
Mari Caf}'ota urens
Marshmallow Althaea officinalis
Marvel Dichanthium caricosum
Masur Lens culinaris
Matar Pisum sativum
Matar Pisum sativum var. arvense
Matka-imli Garcinia gummi-gutta
Maulsri Mimusops e/engi
Mausambi Citrus sinensis
Meetha karela Cye/anthera pedata
Meetha kumra Cucurbita maxima
Meetha nimbu Citrus /imettioides
Mehendi Lawsonia inermis
Mehul (Nepal) Docynia indica
Menthol Mentha arvensis subsp. hap/oca/yxvar.
piperascens
Merasingi Gymnema sylvestre
Mesta Hibiscus cannabinus
Methi Trigonella foenum-graecum
Mitha alu Ipomoea batatas
Mitha neem Murraya koenigii
Monkey-jack Artocarpus lakoocha
Morang elaichi Amomum aromaticum
Moth Vigna aconitifo/ia
Mothbean Vigna aconitifolia
Mowra butter tree Madhuca longifolia
Mugam Vigna tri/obata
Mulbeny Morusalba
Mulhatti G/ycyrrhiza glabra
MuJi
Raphanus sativu5
Mung Vigna radiata
Mungbean Vigna radiata
Mungphali Arachis hypogaea
Mungra Raphanus sativus var. mougri
Murwa Majorana hortensis
Mushan Iseifema /axum
Mushel Isei/ema /axum
Mushk-bala Valeriana jatamansi
Mushti (Tel.) Stf}'chnos nux-vomica
Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

40
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Muskdana Abelmoschus moschatus

Muskmallow Abelmoschus moschatus
Muskmelon Cucumis meta var. melo
Mustard Brassica campestris
Mustard cabbage Brassica juncea subspp. integrifolia

Naga-Ieechi (Assam.) Euphoria longan

Nag-down Asparagus officinalis
Nagkesar Mesua ferrea
Napier grass Pennisetum purpureum
Narangam (Tam.) Citrus aurantium
Narcha Corchorus capsularis
Nardul (Beng.) Brachiaria mutica
Narial Cocos nucifera
Nar-kachura Curcuma caesia
Nashpati Pyrus pyrifo/ia var. culta
Nectarine Prunus persica
Neel Indigofera tinctoria
Neem, Neem Azadirachta indica
Nepal cardamom. Amomum subulatum
Nepal hemp Maoutia puya
Ner Skimmia arborescens
New World cotton Gossypium hirsutum var. latifo/ium
Niger Guizotia abyssinica
Nilgiri nettle Girardinia palmata
Noble cane Saccharum officinarum
North Indian cane Saccharum sinense
Nutmeg Myristica fragrans
Nux-vomica Strychnos nux-vomica

Oats Avena sativa

Oilseed radish Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis
Olive (Common olive) Olea europaea
Onion Allium cepa
Opium poppy Papaver somniferum
Oshkar Inula racemosa

Paddy Oryza sativa

Pahadi podina Mentha spicata
Pahadi rai Brassica juncea subspp. integrifolia
var. rugosa
Palak Spinacia oleracea
Palmarosa grass Cymbopogon martinii
Palmyra palm Borassus f1abellifer
Pamukh (Punj.) Verbena officinalis
Pan Piperbetle
Panasa (Tel.) Artocarpus heterophyllus
Pangar Aesculus indicus
Pansahi Saccharum sinense

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

41
English name/Hindi or Local name Botanical name

Papaya Carica papaya

Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera
Papita Carica papaya
Papri Podophyllum hexandrum
Para grass 8rachiaria mutica
Para rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis
Parsley Petroselinum crispum
Parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Parwal Trichosanthes dioica
Passion truit Passiflora edu/is
Patchouli Pogostemon cablin
Pathorchur Coleus amboinicus
Peach' Prunus persica
Pear, . Pyrus communis
Pear Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta
Pearl millet. Pennisetum gJaucum
Pecan nut Carya iJlinoensis
Peeli chameli Jasminum humile
Peppermint Mentha piperita
Petha Benincasa hispida
Phalsa Grewia subinaequalis
Pti'oolgobhi Brassiea oleracea var. botrytis
Cucumis melD var. momordica
Phut
Pigeon pea Gajanus cajan
Pillipesara {TeL} Vigna tri/obata
Pineapple Ananas comosus
Pineapple guava Feijoa se/{owiana
Pipali Piper longum
Pista Pistacia vera
Pistachio Pistaeia vera
Pitni-ber I Ziziphus jujuba
Piyaz Allium cepa
Musa acuminata X M. bafbisiana
Plantain
Plum (Common plum) Prunus domestica
cPodina Mentha arvensis
Poi Basella alba
Poi Maoutia puya
Pointed gourd Trichosanthes dioica
Pomegranate Punica granatum
Pongam oil tree Pongamia pinnata
Post Papaver somniferum
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Potato yam Dioscorea bulbifera
Prickly amaranth Amaranthus spinosus
Prickly sesban Sesbania cannabina
Primrose jasmine Jasminum mesnyi
Proso millet Panicum miJiaceum
Prostrate amaranth Amaranthus graecizans

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

42
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Psyllium Plantago ovata

Pummelo Citrus maxima
Punir Withania somnifera
Pun nag-champa (Ben g.) Alpinia zerumbet
Purging croton Croton tiglium
Puya Maoutia puya
Pyrethrum Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium

Quail grass Celosia argentea

Quamachil Pithecellobium dulce
Queensland hemp Sida rhombifolia
Quince Cydonia oblonga

Radish Raphanus sativus

Ragi Eleusine coracana
Rai Brassica juncea subspp. integrifolia
Rai Brassica nigra
Raishan (Khasi) Digitaria cruciata var. escu/enta
Rajmah Phaseo/us vulgaris
Rakhalkalai Vigna trilobata
Ramtulsi Ocimum gratissimum
Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum
Ramdana Amaranthus caudatus
Ramdana Amaranthus hybridus
Ramie Boehmeria nivea
Ramphal Annona reticulata
Ramtil Guizotia abyssinica
Rape Brassica napus
Rasbhari Physalis peruviana
Raspberry (European raspberry) Rubus idaeus
Ratalu Dioscorea bu/bifera
Red sorrel Hibiscus sabdariffa var. a/tissima
Red-tail radish Raphanus sativus var. mougri
Reetha Sapindus trifoliatus
Rice bean Vigna umbel/ata
Ridged gourd Luffa acutangula
Ritha Acacia concinna
Riyong (Beng.) Marsdenia tinctoria
Rocket salad Eruca sativa
Rose apple Syzygium jambos
Rose geranium Pe/argonium graveolens
Roselle, Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa
Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
Roshaghas Cymbopogon martinii
Roshagrass Cymbopogon martinii
Ruphang-doukha (Assam.) Derris ferruginea
Rusmari Rosmarinus officinalis
Rye, Rye Secale cerea/e

Hindi names ir. bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

43
English name/Hindi or Local name Botanical name

Sacred basil Ocimum sanctum

Sadabahar Catharanthus roseus
Sated chandan Santa/um album
Sated musli Chlorophytum arundinaceum
Sated sima I Ceiba pentandra
Safflower Carthamus tinctorius
Saffron Crocus sativus
Sag-angur Atropa acuminata
Sainjna Moringa o/eifera
Salad Lactuca sativa
Samak Echinochloa crus-galli
Samania. Samanea saman
Samba (Tam.) Triticum dicoccum
Sanai Crota/aria juncea
'Sandpear pyrus pyrifofia var. cu/ta
Sandal tree Santa/urn a/bum
Sankalu Pachyrrhizus erosus
Sankru Coix /acryma-jobi
Sanna Cassia angustifo/ia
Santara Citrus reticu/ata
Sapota Achras sapota
Saretha Saccharum barberi
Sarpagandha Rauvolfia serpentina
Sarson Brassiea campestris
Saunf Foeniculum vulgare
Savory plant Majorana hortensis
Sawa
Echinoch/oa frumentacea
Sawank Echinochloa c%num
Screw-pine Pandanus odoratissimus
Sea Island cotton Gossypium barbadense.
Seb Malus pumi/a
Sem Lab/ab purpureus
Sem Phaseo/us lunatus
Semul Bombax ceiba
Semul Bombax insigne
Seoha Eruca sativa
Serpentina root Rauvolfia serpentina
Sesame $esamum indicum
Shaddock Citrus maxima
Shaftalu Prunus persica
Shahtut Morusa/ba
Shahtut Morus nigra
Shalari Apium graveo/ens var. dulce
Shaljam Brassica rapa
Shallot Allium asca/onicum
Sharifs Annona squamosa
Shavan Panicum sumatrense
Shia-jira Carumcarvi

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

44
English namelHindi or Local name Botanical name

Shikakai (Mar.) Acacia concinna

Shimla mirch Capsicum frufescens vaT. grossum
Shot wheat Triticum aestivum subsp.
sphaerococcum
Silk cotton Bombax ceiba
Simal alu (Assam.) Manihot escu/entum
Singhara Trapa natans vaT. bispinosa
Siran Albizia stipu/ata
Siratro Phaseo/us atropurpureus
Sisal, Sisal Agave sisa/ana
Smallfenhel Nigella sativa
Snake cucumber Cucumis me/o var. utilissimus
Snake gourd Trichosanthes anguina
Snake-wood Strychnos nux-vomica
Snapmelon Cucumis me/o var. momordica
Soapnut tree of south India Sapindus trifoliatus
Soh-phlong (Khasi) Moghania vestita
Somlata Ephedra gerardiana
Sorghum Sorghum bicolor
Sour cherry Prunus cerasus
Sour orange Citrus aurantium
Sowa Anethum graveolens
Sowa Anethum sowa
Soybean, Soybean G/ycinemax
Speargrass Heteropogon contortus
Spikenard Nardostachys jatamansi
Spinach Spinacea o/eracea
Sponge gourd Luffa cylindrica
Squash melon Praecitrullus fistulosus
Strawberry Fragaria chiloensis
Strychninetree Strychnos nux-vomica
Stylo Sty/osanthes guyanensis
Subabul Leucaenaleucocephala
Sufaid murga Celosia argentea
Sufed kadsumbal Canavalia ensiforrnis
Sugandha-bala Pavonia odorata
Sugandh-bala Valeriana jatamansi
Sugar palm Arenga pinnata
Sugarcane Saccharum barberi
Sugarcane Saccharum officina rum
Sugarcane Saccharum sinense
Summer savory Satureja hortensis
Sunflower He/ianthus annuus
Sunnhemp Crota/aria juncea
Supari Areca catechu
Sura Heteropogon confortus
Surajmukhi Helianthus annuus
Swamp cabbage Ipomoea aquatica

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

45
English namelHindl or Local name Botanical name

Sweet basil Ocimum basilicum

Sweet basil Ocimum gratissimum
Sweet cherry Prunus avium
Sweet flag Acarus calamus
Sweet gourd Momordica cochinchinensis
Sweet lime Citrus limettioides
Sweet majorana. Majorana hortensis
Sweet orange Citrus sinensis
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas
Sword bean Canavalia g/adiata

Tamarind Tamarindus indica

Tamatar Lyeopersicon esculentum
Tambaku Nicotiana tabacum
Tapioca Manihot esculentum
Taramira Eruca sativa
Tarbuz CitrulJus Janatus
Taro A/ocBsia indica
Taro C%easia esculenta
Tasmanian blue-gum eucalypt Eucalyptus globulus
Tavakhira Curcuma angustifolia
Tea Camellia sinensis
Tejpat Cinnamomum tamala
Thin cane Saccharum sinense
Thin Napier grass Pennisetum polystachyon
Tikhor Maranta arundinaeea
Tikhur Curcuma angustifo/ia
Til Sesamum indicum
Timla Fieus auriculata
Tinda Praecitru/lus fistulosus
Tobacco Nicotiana rustica
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum
Toddy palm Caryota urens
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum
Toria 8rassica napus
Tossa Corchorus olitorius
Tree sorrel A verrhoa bilimbi
Tree tomato Cyphomandra betacea
Tropical lucerne Stylosanthes guyanensis
True hemp Cannabis sativa
Tulsi Ocimum sanctum
Tur . Cajanus cajan
Tunneric Curcuma domestica
Turnip Brassica rapa

Uchchhe Momordica charantia var. muricata

Ugal (Punj.) Fagopyrum tataricum
Upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum var. latifolium

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

46
English namelHlndi or Local name Botanical name

Urd Vignamungo
Urdbean Vigna mungo·

Valerian (Common valerian) Va/eriana officina/is

Vallari (Tel.) Ma/pighia punicifolia
Vanilla Vanilla p/anifo/ia
Vazhai (Tam.) Musa acuminata X M. ba/bisiana
Velvet bean Mucuna uti/is
Vervain Verbena officina/is
Vetiver grass Vetiveria zizanioides
Vilayati babul Pithecellobium dulce
Vilayati imli Pithecellobium dulce
Vilayati phanas (Mar.) Artocarpus a/ti/is
Vilayati podina Mentha piperita
Vilayati tambaku Nicotiana rustica
Vilayti-gawuth Medicago sativa

Walnut Jug/ans regia

Water chestnut Trapa natans var. bispinosa
Watermelon Citrullus /anatus
Watery rose apple Syzygium aqueum
West Indian arrowroot Maranta arundinacea
West Indian cherry Ma/pighia punicifo/ia
West Indian custard apple Annona reticu/ata
West Indian lemon grass Cymbopogon citratus
White jute Corchorus capsu/aris
White popinac Leucaena/eucocephala
White sweet clover Me/Hotus alba
Winged bean Psophocarpus tetragona/obus
Winter leek Allium porrum
Winter savory Satureja montana
Winter squash Cucurbita maxima
Wood apple Feronia /imonia
Wood oil tree Aleurites montana

Yam bean Pachyrrhizus erosus

Yeburi (Beng.) Atropa acuminata
Yellow jasmine Jasminum humile
Yellow sweet clover Melilotus indica
Yew (Commo,", yew) Taxus baccata

Zafran Crocus sativus

Zarga Chrysopogon fu/vus
Zinjoo Dichanthium annulatum
Zira Carumcarvi
Zongta (Assam.) Parkia roxburghii

Hindi names in bold letters; names in regional languages underlined

47
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