Psychoanalysis

Abines, Gonzaga, Fuentes, Ebarrita, Lazo, Caguindangan,

Gatuteo, Dumagan, Julia
 Psychoanalytic
Theory

Theory of personality organization

and the dynamics of personality
development that
guides psychoanalysis, a clinical
method for treating psychopathology
 Psychoanalytic
Theory
A therapeutic method, originated by
Sigmund Freud, for treating mental
disorders by investigating the interaction
of conscious and unconscious elements
in the patient's mind and bringing
repressed fears and conflicts into the
conscious mind, using techniques such as
dream interpretation and free association
 Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Oldest of 8 Children

Married with 3 girls and

3 boys

Physician - Neurologist

Based theory on
personal experiences

Died of cancer of jaw

and mouth - lifelong
cigar and chain-smoker
 Fundamental Assumptions of
Psychoanalytic Approach
Unconscious factors motivate our behaviour

Experiences or events of first 6 years of life are determinants of later

development of personality (attention is given to those experiences)

Unconscious motivates and conflicts are central

Later personality problems will have its roots on early repressed

childhood conflicts
 Through the scope of a
psychoanalytic lens, humans are
described as having sexual and
aggressive drives.
Psychoanalytic theorists believe that human
behavior is deterministic. It is governed by
irrational forces, and the unconscious, as
well instinctual and biological drives. Due
to this deterministic nature, psychoanalytic
theorists do not believe in free will.
Deterministic: Our behaviour
is determined by irrational
forces, unconscious
motivations, and biological
and instinctual drives as
these evolve through key
psychosexual stages in the
first six years of life

One can liberate from these

- unconscious becomes
conscious
Freud first began his studies on psychoanalysis
and in collaboration with Dr. Josef Breuer

“Anna O. study”

subject to both physical and psychological

disturbances, such as not being able to drink
out of fear

Breuer and Freud both found that hypnosis was

a great help in discovering more about Anna
O. and her treatment

Research and ideas behind the study on Anna O.

was highly referenced in Freud's lectures on the
origin and development of psychoanalysis
These observations led Freud to theorize
that the problems faced by hysterical
patients could be associated to painful
childhood experiences that could not be
recalled

- influence of these lost memories

shaped the feelings, thoughts and
behaviours of patients

These studies contributed to the

development of the psychoanalytic theory
Structure
ID
Id is the part of the personality that is
driven by pleasure regardless of morality
and social norms
The Id is composed of

Emotions
Instincts
Physical needs
Sexual needs
Aggressiveness
All other sorts of desires
The Id also contains the
Libido
Libido is defined as sexual energy.

Id is regarded as, “the great reservoir of

libido.”
The Id has 2 basic instincts
EROS

The Life Instinct

It is expressed by the
desire to “create life”
THANATOS

The Death Instinct

It is expressed by
aggression and a desire to
send organic life back to
death
Pleasure Principle

The driving force behind Id.

It seeks to minimize/avoid
pain and maximize pleasure.
Animals and young infants are believed
to be driven purely by Id.
No grown up acts purely on Id. 

Otherwise we would be no better than animals.
 Ego
The ego is the component of personality
that is responsible for dealing with reality.

According to Freud, the ego develops from

the id and ensures that the impulses of the
id can be expressed in a manner
acceptable in the real world.

The ego functions in both the conscious,

preconscious, and unconscious mind.
The ego operates based on the
reality principle

The reality principle weighs the costs

and benefits of an action before
deciding to act upon or abandon
impulses.
In many cases, the id's impulses can be
satisfied through a process of delayed
gratification--the ego will eventually allow
the behavior, but only in the appropriate
time and place.

The ego also discharges tension created by

unmet impulses through the secondary
process, in which the ego tries to find an
object in the real world that matches the
mental image created by the id's primary
process.
 The Superego

The superego is the ethical

component of the personality and
provides the moral standards by
which the ego operates. 

It develops around the age of 3 – 5

during the phallic stage
of psychosexual development.
Functions
Control the id's impulses, especially those
which society forbids, such as sex and
aggression.

Persuades the ego to turn to moralistic

goals rather than simply realistic ones and
to strive for perfection.
 Two Systems

Conscience & Ideal Self

The conscience can punish the ego through

causing feelings of guilt.

The ideal self is an imaginary picture of

how you ought to be, and represents career
aspirations, how to treat other people, and
how to behave as a member of society.
Sources:)
h+ps://www.britannica.com/topic/superego)
h+p://www.simplypsychology.org/psyche.html)
 Defense
Mechanisms
 What is Defense
Mehanism?
coping style

unconscious protective processes that

keep primitive emotions associated
with conflicts in check so that the ego
can continue its coordinating function.

a procedure that ward off anxiety and

prevents its conscious perception.
 Features

unconscious level

deny or distort reality to make it

less threatening with the ego
Severe internal conflicts that produce more
anxiety trigger self-defeating defensive
symptoms

e.g. Phobic and obsessive symptoms

Shown to have great importance in the study of

psychopathology

Not necessarily maladaptive, we cannot survive

without them
 It’s not denial

I’m just very selective about

the reality I accept
 Projection
Refers to the unconscious attribution of an
impulse, attitude, or behavior onto someone
or something else in the environment.

Defending ourselves against our own

unconscious qualities by denying its
existence in ourselves while attributing it to
others.
Reduces anxiety by placing its
source in the external world, which
make it seem easier to handle.

It permits us to defend ourselves

aggressively against our opponent
and thereby indirectly express our
impulses.
 Displacement
When the object that satisfies the
impulse of the id is unavailable, we
shift our impulse to another object
that is available.

Satisfying an impulse with a substitute

object.
The substitute object is less
satisfying than the original object.

Displacement does not bring

complete satisfaction but leads to
buildup of undischarged tension.
 Rationalization

Making explanations for things you can’t accept


Example:

SO broke up with you for no reason

You rationalize by saying “wa man jud to siyay

ayo” or convincing yourself that you were
never really happy in the relationship even
though you were. You do this so it hurts a little
less.
 Reaction Formation

Acting completely opposite from what you think or

believe in

Example:

“Palugit effect”

An attractive person is flirting with you. You like

this person but what you do instead is act as if
you don’t. You do this to mask your true feelings
towards this person.
 Repression

The unconscious blocking of

unacceptable thoughts, feelings and
impulses.

Example:

You cant remember your Father’s

funeral.
 Sublimation

Satisfying an impulse (e.g. aggression) with a

substitute object in a socially acceptable
way.

Example:

Intense rage redirected in the form of

participation in sorts such as boxing or
football