Auto–Varied Aerial Tracking through Animated Radar

S . Sri Harsha & Shaik Shama Farzaana

Department of ECE, P.V.P.Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Kanuru, Vijayawada.
The Auto – Varied Aerial Tracking Animated Radar, which is unique of its kind, is precisely a sensing,
tracking and a locating technology , that is capable of recognizing anything we may intend to search
for. As far as this technology is concerned, we propose the structural design and use of GPS
amalgamated with Remote Sensing and other detection techniques , to give us a profound idea of how
and whereabouts of our search target. Properties such as chemical patterns composition, colour, odour,
size, dimensions, shape, temperature etc., become the principle criterion to initiate the search. Any
minute data when given to the Principle analyzer of the system starts a comparison with the help of an
Aerial Vehicle set up at a suitable height that facilitates easy searching. Goggling round the earth, we
would be presented with all the different and nearest possibilities that match our requirements. From
then, it is easy for us to eliminate the rest and lay hands upon our targeted option. This highly resolute
and defined methodology makes it just-a-second or a maximum minute‟s task to find whatever we may
truly believe to exist on this earth . Eventually , on applicative grounds , crime investigations turn easy,
a disease detection and cure are done within no time, even a person identity reveal is just a few
keyboard clicks away. Hence this emerges to claim itself as the highly robust detection technology that
man has ever developed.

Multiple Beam Smart Antenna Array for Mobile Communication Applications

Ch.Shamili & R.Sandhya Rani
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla
The Multiple Antenna is a revolutionary design which is able to access a large number of users in
cellular communication systems. The number of users is increasing very rapidly day by day so that the
communication systems are becoming more complex. This complexity can be reduced to some extent
by the multiple beam smart antennas .multiple beam smart antenna system covers a number of users at
the same time. The antennas which are used for receiving information from more than one direction are
called as Smart antennas. The main aim of this paper is to design and develop a multiple beam antenna
producing eight orthogonal beams simultaneously at the frequency of 2GHz, For this, eight element
dipole antenna array is designed which is fed by Butler matrix. Specifications: frequency: 2GHz,
relative permittivity εr: 6.15 characteristic impedance Z: 50Ω (thickness of the substrate): 1.27mm.

Intellicell -A Fully Adaptive Approach to Smart Antennas

Preethi.Ch & Sushmita.D
Department of ECE, Vijaya Institute of Technology for Women, Enikepadu
Cellular communications has reached mass-market status over the past decade with the emergence of
two very successful standards: CDMA and GSM. Over this same decade, an important enabling
technology, “smart antennas,” has also matured. Combined with today‟s powerful, low-cost processors,
advanced smart antenna technology is destined to become an important part of the cellular landscape
over the next decade. Smart antenna systems utilize multiple antennas at base stations or handsets to
better pinpoint or focus radio energy and thereby improve signal quality. Since cellular
communications systems employ radio signals that interact with the environment and each other, these
improvements in signal quality lead to system-wide benefits with respect to coverage, service quality
and, ultimately, the economics of cellular service. To some extent, the phrase “smart antennas” is
misleading. There is nothing smart about the antennas themselves. What‟s smart is the sophisticated
signal processing applied to simultaneous signals from an array or collection of multiple antennas. For
nearly a decade, Array Communication has been at the forefront of developing smart antenna
techniques and intellectual property for commercial cellular systems. IntelliCell is the name for these
techniques and intellectual property. Thru eight years of practical and field implementation, IntelliCell
has been perfected to make smart antennas practical and cost effective in actual commercial cellular
systems. Today, IntelliCell technology is deployed in more than 90,000 commercial base station
deployments worldwide.

Wireless Power Transmission – Development and Possibility

G. Chaitanya Kumar
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
Suddenly you come to see that one fine day the employees of power supply department are busy in
mounting towers in your locality and are removing the wires that supply your household power. Asking
them, they answered instead of wires entering your house; we will mount a wireless device that will
acquire power from base station and will help for efficient functioning of household appliances. Its
sound unbelievable to you!!! Isn‟t it? But it is possible. Latest science and technological developments
are turning this dream into reality. And Tesla Coil is the name behind it. Imagine a future in which
wireless power transfer is feasible: cell phones, household robots, mp3 players, laptop computers and
other portable electronics capable of charging themselves without ever being plugged in, freeing us
from that final, ubiquitous power wire. Some of these devices might not even need their bulky batteries
to operate. In the present paper the various technologies available so far for wireless power
transmission and the need for a Wireless System of Energy Transmission is being discussed to find its
possibility in actual practices, their advantages, disadvantages and economical consideration. This
paper is mainly concentrated on the most popular concept known as Tesla Theory, The microwave
power transmission (MPT) called Solar power satellite, and The highly efficient fibre lasers for
wireless power transmission

Broadband Wireless Communication in Vehicles

Ch .Uma Mahesh
Department of ECE, Sri Sarathi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nuzvid.
Today our society is struggling more and more with environmental and economic problems related to
the ever-increasing traffic on our highways and in our cities. The resulting traffic jams give rise to
waste of time and money and are polluting our environment at a rapid pace. As a result, carpooling and
public transport will be strongly encouraged by governments and industry. In order to make this more
attractive to the frequent commuter, novel technologies for providing virtual offices or virtual homes in
vehicles need to be developed. In order to provide high-bit-rate interactive multimedia services to fast-
moving mobile users, one has to reuse the limited radio spectrum as efficiently as possible. This is
made possible by using a cellular network with very small cells resulting in a high reuse factor of the
frequency spectrum. This will result however in frequent handovers (typically every few seconds)
because mobile devices may move very fast, crossing many cell boundaries. This paper discusses the
major issues related to broadband wireless communication in vehicles, with special emphasis on the
handover protocols and smart antennas and their influence on the quality of services of (QOS) of
offered services

Border Security using Wireless Integrated Network Sensors

M.Kavitha Chowdary & M.Venkata Sushma
Department of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru.
Wireless Integrated Network Sensors (WINS) now provide a new monitoring and control capability for
monitoring the borders of the country. Using this concept we can easily identify a stranger or some
terrorists entering the border. The border area is divided into number of nodes. Each node is in contact
with each other and with the main node. The noise produced by the foot-steps of the stranger is
collected using the sensor. This sensed signal is then converted into power spectral density and the
compared with reference value of our convenience. Accordingly the compared value is processed using
a microprocessor, which sends appropriate signals to the main node. Thus the stranger is identified at
the main node. A series of interface, signal processing, and communication systems have been
implemented in micro power CMOS circuits. A micro power spectrum analyzer has been developed to
enable low power operation of the entire WINS system. Thus WINS require a Microwatt of power. But
it is very cheaper when compared to other security systems such as RADAR under use. It is even used
for short distance communication less than 1 Km. It produces a less amount of delay. Hence it is
reasonably faster. On a global scale, WINS will permit monitoring of land, water, and air resources for
environmental monitoring. On a national scale, transportation systems, and borders will be monitored
for efficiency, safety, and security.

The Eye-Gaze Communication System

R.Divya Sri & M.Deepthi
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
The Eye-gaze system is a communication and control system with complex physical disabilities. You
run the system with your eyes. By looking at control keys displayed on a screen, a person can
synthesize speech, control his environment (lights, appliances, etc.), type, operate a telephone, run
computer software, operate a computer mouse, and access the Internet and e-mail. Eye-gaze Systems
are being used to write books, attend school and enhance the quality of life of people with disabilities
all over the world.

Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture

M.Leela Naga Sai & P.Sai Krishna
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
Recent advances in communication technology and wireless sensor networks made new trends to
emerge in agriculture sector. One such new trend is Precision Agriculture. In this paper we are giving
brief outline of using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in energy efficient way for Precision
Agriculture. Instrumented with wireless sensors, it will become available to monitor the plants in real
time, such as air temperature, soil water content, and nutrition stress. The real time information of the
fields will provide a solid base for farmers to adjust strategies at any time. WSN will revolutionize the
data collection in agricultural research. We are considering a topology under control Wireless Sensor
Network with stationary sensor nodes and mobile base station, in order to have fruitful results in
precision agriculture.

Automation of Cars
K.Bhargav Kumar & G. Anudeep
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
The technical brilliance and developments in different fields has led to a drastic change especially in
the communication field. Devices with intelligence, rule the world. Imbibing intelligence to these
devices is through a system called “Embedded Systems”. It is the evolution or further development of
the computing system. Its applications provide marvelous opportunities for ingenious use of computer
technology. Almost every new system introduced is an example of Embedded System. Recent
development of this technology is Automation of Cars. There are many paradigm shifts taking place
due to information explosion and the concept of autonomous vehicle is one shift. The car, which is
embedded, can simulate the human driver completely and direct the vehicle on the road. Autonomous
vehicle is the drastic change in technical brilliance and developments in different fields with Embedded
System as pioneer. The vehicle is required to blend its environmental perception capabilities with its
intelligent controls in order to affect optimal path-planning strategies that not only avoid obstacles but
also minimize criteria such as time of travel, fuel consumption, exposure to pollution/danger, etc.
however basic driving functions consists of lane-keeping, safe distance maintenance, timely lane
changing and overtaking. The key to all these driving tasks is collision avoidance. For designing of
autonomous car the positioning information is required, for this we use Global Positioning System and
various techniques like pulse code modulation technique and learning adaptive system etc.
 Embedded System in a Shadow Activated Robot
K.Gopisudha & J.L.N.Swathi
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
The term embedded means „built in‟, while the term „system‟ refers to the combination of hardware
and software, which are necessary to run a unit and are available within the unit itself. In general a
robot must be able to move, it must be able to sense, and it should be intelligent enough to take
decisions by it. To enable the robots to perform all these operations, that are control, sensing, and
decision making, generally some embedded systems are used in them. The project introduces the
simplest possible real time robot with a single sensor, a light dependent resistor (LDR) and one
actuator, a DC motor. The robot is a simple toy car with four wheels, powered by a DC motor. We will
use a sensor, embedded controller so that our robot will move and artificial intelligence (AI) can be
included in it. The robot‟s sensor LDR which is sensible to light is exposed to light. If we block this
light say by our palm, and then the robot immediately senses it and moves back and then comes
forward to the same place. If the palm is still there to block the sensor again against light, the process is
repeated. Otherwise, the robot stands still at the same position.

Positron Emission Tomography - A New Era In 3d Medical Imaging

KSS Sarma & Sujit Kumar Billa
Department of ECE, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College Of Engineering, Mylavaram
Electronics and computational techniques are increasingly being used to analyze the human body. The
paper emphasizes on the development of 3D medical imaging using PET- positron emission
tomography. It gives a brief description about how the 3-D images are generated using radioactive
isotopes with half times such as carbon-11(~20min), nitrogen-13(~10min), oxygen-15(~2min) and
Flourine-18(~110min). The positron emission tomography scanner is similar to CT (computerized
tomography) scanner where the 2D image of CT scanner is reconstructed using coincidence statistics to
generate 3D image. PET is a co-registration of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI). The image reconstruction is done by tracing the FDG (Fluoro Deoxy Glucose) which
is injected into the human body before the scanning process. The raw data collected by PET scanner
are a list of coincidence events representing the determination of annihilation of photons by a pair of
detectors. Each coincidence event represents a line in space which the positron emission is occurred.
The PET is the system which uses the photons produced by the collision of the positron-electron pair.
PET, CT and MRI are the latest technologies used for cancer diagnosis and monitoring of tumour
growth. Its applications extends to oncology which is used to treat cancer diseases, cardiology to
diagnose heart diseases and neurology to detect changes in biochemistry within certain parts of the
body, it also used in treating Alzheimer‟s diseases.

Digital Watermarking on an Audio File through Signal Processing

N.Hima Bindu & U.Durga Bhavani,
Department of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru.
Audio watermarks are special signals embedded into digital audio. These signals are extracted by
detection mechanisms and decoded. Audio watermarking schemes rely on the imperfection of the
human auditory system. However, human ear is much more sensitive than other sensory motors. Thus,
good audio watermarking schemes are difficult to design. Even though the current watermarking
techniques are far from perfect, during the last decade audio watermarking schemes have been applied
widely. These schemes are sophisticated very much in terms of robustness and imperceptibility.
Robustness and imperceptibility are important requirements of watermarking, while they conflict each
other. In general there are two types of Watermarking methods. One is Blind Watermarking which
includes Spread Spectrum, Quantization, Echo hiding, phase coding etc. , and the next is Non-blind
watermarking schemes which are theoretically interesting, but not so useful in practical use, since it
requires double storage capacity and double communication bandwidth for watermark detection. Of
course, non-blind schemes may be useful as copyright verification mechanism in a copyright dispute.
On the other hand, blind watermarking Scheme can detect and extract watermarks without use of the
un-watermarked audio. Therefore, it requires only a half storage capacity and half bandwidth compared
with the non-blind watermarking scheme. Hence, only blind audio watermarking schemes are
considered in this chapter. Needless to say, the blind watermarking methods need self detection
mechanisms for detecting watermarks without un-watermarked audio.

Nano on CMOS
R.Pravallika & R.Deepika
Department of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru.
The challenge of extending Moore‟s Law past the physical and economic barriers of present
semiconductor technologies calls for novel nano electronic solutions. Circuits composed of mixed
silicon semiconductors and nano electronics can provide a means for gradually switching technology
paradigms. We suggest a design methodology to accompany this concept. Furthermore, we explore
Design tradeoffs for a nano-scale crossbar technology that supports CMOS/nano Co-design. For
brevity, in this paper we refer to conventional silicon electronics, as “CMOS”. Likewise, we use the
term “nano” to refer to novel nano-scale electronics. While much of the analysis in this paper is
applicable to several nano technology approaches based on regularly structured circuits; in this paper
we have presented a methodology for CMOS/nano co-design. In addition, we have also considered the
logical and physical aspects of a nano crossbar technology.

VLSI for Neural Networks and their Applications

K.Sabarish & K.H.S Praveen
Department of ECE, Rama Chandra College of Engineering, Valturu, Eluru
Most of the students of Electronics Engineering are exposed to Integrated Circuits (ICs) at a very basic
level, involving SSI (small scale integration) circuits like logic gates (or) MSI (medium scale
integration) circuits like multiplexers, parity encoders etc.,. But there is a lot bigger world out there
involving miniaturization at levels so great, that a micrometer and a microsecond are literally
considered huge! This is the world of VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration. Neural networks are a new
method of programming computers. They are exceptionally good at performing pattern recognition and
other tasks that are very difficult to program using conventional techniques. Programs that employ
neural nets are also capable of learning on their own and adapting to changing conditions. According
to a simplified account, the human brain consists of about ten billion neurons and a neuron is, on
average, connected to several thousand other neurons. By way of these connections, neurons both send
and receive varying quantities of energy. One very important feature of neurons is that they don't react
immediately to the reception of energy. Instead, they sum their received energies, and they send their
own quantities of energy to other neurons only when this sum has reached a certain critical threshold.
The brain learns by adjusting the number and strength of these connections. The brain's network of
neurons forms a massively parallel information processing system.

Carbon Nanotube Cables for Realizing Space Elevator

Manikanta.V & Ashok.R
Department of ECE, NRI Institute of Technology, Pothavarappadu(V), Agiripalli.
Mankind has always yearned to reach the star-embedded sphere of space that seems to lie so
tantalizingly close overhead. Today, we all know that the once- scorned rocket became the way to
achieve space travel. In fact, rockets have been so successful that other methods to reach the heavens
have been nearly forgotten. A space elevator is a physical connection from the surface of the Earth to a
geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) above the Earth at approximately 35,786 km in altitude. Its center of
mass is at the geostationary point such that it has a 24-hr orbit and stays over the same point above the
equator as the Earth rotates on its axis. The vision is that a space elevator would be utilized as a
transportation and utility system for moving people, payloads, power, and gases between the surface of
the Earth and space. It makes the physical connection from Earth to space in the same way a bridge
connects two cities across a body of water. In this paper, we propose and justify that Carbon Nanotube
Cables is the best-known material to be the dream of building – „A Space Elevator‟. In this paper, we
also suggest one more way of installing Space elevator, other than conventional Brad Edward‟s
method.
 A Coherent Analog Communication System for Optical Inter-satellite Links
Ch.V.Divya & K.Kalyani
Department of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science, Kavali.
Most optical cross links between satellites have been developed for digital signal transmission
between digital (regenerative) payloads using a dedicated digital data format. Target applications
were LEO, MEO and GEO constellations consisting of several more or less identical satellites which
used the same optical terminals to communicate between them and a few inter orbit link applications.
It was common to all these systems that their architecture was closed and no ISL traffic had to be
routed outside the constellation. As there was no demand for interoperability between different
satellite systems no standardization of the cross links was necessary and each system used its own
(optical) communications technique. During that time we have introduced the coherent Sync-bit data
transmission technology for high performance digital data transmission. Sync-bit BPSK
modulation provides the best receiver sensitivity which in turn allows to keep the optical output power
of the transmitter to an minimum. As a consequence, DC power consumption from the host
spacecraft-a precious resource - can be kept to a minimum. Evolution towards digital satellite
networks slowed down. However, direct interconnect of satellites is still an issue. Satellites systems of
today use bent-pipe satellite technology. Consequently, there is a demand for optical terminals which
can handle analog transparent communications channels. Taking advantage of the phase modulation
technique from the digital communication system, we have developed an analog transmission system
which allows transmitting analog channels between standard bent-pipe satellites.
The communication system is designed such, that for analog transmission the same
electro-optical signal chain (transmitter- laser, modulator, booster amplifier and optical receiver
frontend) as for digital transmission can be used. This paper describes the principle of this
transmission scheme, the realization and it reports on the performance obtained. In addition, the
accommodation of such equipment on the satellite payload will be presented.

An Efficient Self Key Establishment Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Ishaq Ahmed & H.Abdul Wasay
Department of ECE, G.Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool.
Since wireless sensor networks continue to grow in usage and many sensor-based systems reside in
adversarial environments, security consideration is really vital for these systems. But one of the main
challenges for the efficient distribution of security keys in wireless sensor networks is the resource
scarcity. This paper presents an efficient Self Key Establishment protocol for Wireless sensor
networks, nicknamed SKEW, in support of in-network processing. We show that SKEW manages keys
with less storage, communication, key transmission frequency, and computational overheads in
comparison with similar protocols for the same purpose. All of these benefits are attained by usage of
a very few number of messages for key distribution. Since SKEW preserves the network security even
before start up time, it can well serve as a base security protocol for all types of security protocols in
wireless sensor networks. In this protocol, none of the sensors in the network can send any packets
without encryption. It also uses a key refreshing mechanism that prolongs the network security. Smart
dust networks and pervasive computing environments can particularly benefit from the proposed
protocol.

Intelligent Wireless Video Camera using Computer

Ch.Mahesh & D.V. Sukumar
Department of ECE, Sasi Institute of Technology and Engineering, Tadepalligudem.
The intelligent wireless video camera described in this paper is designed using wireless video
monitoring system, for detecting the presence of a person who is inside the restricted zone. This type
of automatic wireless video monitors is quite suitable for the isolated restricted zones, where the tight
security is required. The principle of remote sensing is utilized in this, to detect the presence of any
person who is very near to reference point within the zone. A video camera collects the images from
the reference points and then converts into electronic signals. The collected images are converted from
visible light into invisible electronic signals inside a solid-state imager. These signals are transmitted
to the monitor, In this paper for the demonstration purpose three reference points are taken. Each
reference point is arranged with two infrared LED‟s and one lamp. This arrangement is made to detect
the presence of a person who is near the reference point. The reference point is nothing but restricted
area, when any person comes near to any reference point, then immediately that particular reference
point output will become high and this high signal is fed to the computer. Now the computer
energizes that particular reference point lamp and rotates the video camera towards that reference point
for collecting the images at that particular reference point. To rotate the video camera towards
interrupted reference point, stepper motor is used. The present wireless video camera described in this
is designed using wireless video monitoring system, for detecting the presence of a person who is
inside the restricted zone. This type of automatic wireless video monitors is quite suitable for the
isolated restricted zones, where the tight security is required.

Palm Vein Technology

S. Visakha & Ch.Karthika
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
With the increase in technology, threat to personal data and national security has also increased .The
methods that were developed to secure important information from outside intervention were not up to
safe mark .There was a need to introduce a technology that secures our data more efficiently from
unlawful intervention. Fujitsu has developed a palm vein pattern authentication technology that uses
vascular patterns as personal identification data .Vein recognition technology is secure because the
authentication data exists inside the body and is therefore very difficult to forge. It is highly accurate.
This technology can be used in various fields like banking, hospitals, government offices, in passport
issuing etc. Business growth will be achieved with these solutions by reducing the size of the palm vein
sensor and shortening the authentication time. This paper is about the palm vein technology, its
applications, how this technology is applied in real time applications and the advantages of using this
technology.

Transient Charge Feed forward Driver for Active -Matrix OLED Displays
Raghunandan. G. H
Department of Telecommunication Engg, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore
A transient charge feed forward driver (TCFD) is introduced here for high-speed data driving in
AMOLED displays. In this paper, a transient charge feed forward driver (TCFD) that remarkably
reduces the data driving time by feeding forward the transient charging current generated from an
adjacent column line is presented. In order to provide charging current for the parasitic capacitance of a
column line, TCFD generates the required charging current by taking advantage of the parasitic
capacitance of another adjacent Column line. The generation of the required charging current and the
summing operation are realized by the simultaneous operation of negative and positive feedback loops
in the circuit. By applying the TCFD, a 7 μs driving speed is achieved for 20 nA of data current. The
driving speeds are almost constant for column line conditions up to 6 kΩ and 40 pF. The TCFD is
fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm using CMOS process and finally the performance of the TCFD is
evaluated.

ANTI- HIV USING NANOROBOTS

G. Gautam Chandra & M. Sai Praveen.
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human
body against pathogens. Nano is one billionth of one. Nanotechnology is the technology in which the
operations are performed on nanometrics. It is the application of different technologies primarily
interested in the reduction of size. The credential part of this paper gives the theoretical application of
nanodevices in the treatment of AIDS. There is no technology for the treatment of AIDS. Some of the
drugs of specific composition are given to the patients depending on the intensity of the disease. The
drugs using nowadays are able to increase the lifetime to a few years only. To make the treatment more
specific, we use the nanodevices that use nanosensors to sense the AIDS infected WBC‟s. In this we
are using nanorobots to get back the HIV infected WBC‟s. By doing so, constant levels of WBC‟s are
maintained in the blood stream. Thus the AIDS patient is provided with the immune system so that he
can defend himself from diseases. In this paper only a theoretical analysis is given and all the
information provided are specifically organized by us .In India more than 50 lakhs of people are
infected by this dreaded disease and it constitutes 10% of the total infected. We are doing research on
this paper and we hope that this theoretical approach can be made practical in the near future, so that
the killer disease AIDS could also be made in control on the hands of Human with the emerging new
technology like Nano-techonology which has a Bio-medical Application.

Development and Evaluation of DSP - Based Drive for Tracking Antenna

Ch.Madhav & K.Mohan Krishna
Department of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science, Kavali.
A motion control module used to track the launch vehicle has been analyzed for development. The
motion control module includes the three-phase brushless motor and digital drive. The launch vehicle
tracking system is totally computer integrated. The key approach of this digital control system is to
achieve precise positioning of antenna for range safety requirement. As per the analysis, the
performance of the digital control system can be predicted. The digital drive system has an ADSP-
21xx processor with interfaces to the power inverter, motor and the user. The signal chain elements in
the digital drive system include an analog to digital converter to capture the motor current signals and
other system variables. Resolver to digital converter is used to capture the rotor position, and a digital
PWM timing block to generate the inverter switching signals. This control and interface elements in
this system are available as discrete devices.

A Novel Architecture for Low-Power Design of Parallel Multipliers

K.Ramana Reddy
Department of ECE
Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy Institute of Technology and Science, Udayagiri, Nellore.
In this paper, a new architecture for low-power design of parallel multipliers is proposed. Reduction of
power consumption is achieved by reducing the Circuit activity at the architecture level by dividing the
multiplication circuit into clusters of smaller multipliers. By applying clock gating techniques and
preprocessing operations on the input pattern using simple logic functions, some of these clusters
that are producing a zero result can be disabled and hence saving the switching power
component that could be consumed by these clusters, The amount of power savings is dependent on
the nature of the input pattern, which varies according lo the application. Analysis of the input
pattern is performed. For testing purposes, A 8-bit multiplier prototype is constructed in 0.35 micron
double metal CMOS technology using Cadence development tools. For the average case when all
the input combinations have an equal probability of occurrence, HSPICE simulation results at 3.3 V
and 500 MHz frequency show that the proposed architecture results in 13.4% power savings.

A Real-Time Face Recognition System using Custom VLSI Hardware

P.Manjusha & M.L.P.Rupa
Department of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology and Science, Kavali.
A real-time face recognition system can be implemented on an IBM compatible personal computer
with a video camera, image digitizer, and custom VLSI image correlator chip. With a single frontal
facial image under semi-controlled lighting conditions, the system performs image pre-processing and
template extraction, template correlation with a database of 173 images, and post-processing of
correlation results to identify the user. System performance issues including image preprocessing, face
recognition algorithm, software development, and VLSI hardware implementation are addressed. In
particular, the parallel, fully pipelined VLSI image correlator is able to perform 340 Mop/second and
achieve a speed up of 20 over optimized assembly code on an 80486/66DX2. The complete system is
able to identify a user from a database of 173 images of 34 persons in approximately 2 to 3 seconds.
While the recognition performance of the system is difficult to quantify simply, the system achieves a
very conservative 88% recognition rate using cross-validation on the moderately varied database.

Adaptive Missile Guidance Using GPS

S. Hari Babu & K.Muralee Krishna
Department of ECE
Sri Sai Institue of Technology and Science, Masapeta, Rayachoti, Kadapa Dist.
In the modern day theatre of combat, the need to be able to strike at targets that are on the opposite side
of the globe has strongly presented itself. This had led to the development of various types of guided
missiles. These guided missiles are self-guiding weapons intended to maximize damage to the target
while minimizing collateral damage. The buzzwords in modern day combat are fire and forget. GPS
guided missiles, using the exceptional navigational and surveying abilities of GPS, after being
launched, could deliver a warhead to any part of the globe via the interface of the onboard computer in
the missile with the GPS satellite system.

Environmental Monitoring using Radar with Special Reference to High

Resolution Radar
M.Yogendra Rao & G.Venkanna
Department of ECE, Dr. Paul Raj Engineering College, Bhadrachalam
A major threat to global community is the climate change. The result of climate are very serious such
as, extremes of heat and drought, storms, wind, rain and more intense cold and increase in sea level and
melting of icebergs, earthquakes etc. Temperature rises are likely to be non-uniform across the globe.
This is due to the destruction of forests, high green house gas emissions, increase of population etc.
This kind of unpredictable environmental behaviour leads to uncertainty of the impact is incorporated
into long-term national and international decision-making to take the preventive actions better
understanding of the complex interaction between the Earth‟s surface and atmosphere is essential.
Accurate descriptions of local and regional surface features and associated phenomena with timely
monitoring are vital. There wide range of survey methods to do this monitoring. There are broadly
classified into two types i.e., surface based (Manual and automatic flow monitoring) and airborne
(LIDAR, Real-beam mapping radar, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), High resolution RADAR). In
this communication, the discussion is made in detail about the various monitoring techniques and their
advantages and disadvantages, detailed description about the radar technique and applications of high
resolution radar in environmental applications are discussed.

Wireless Charging of Mobile Phones using Microwaves

Y.Himabindu & Padma
Department of ECE, Dr. Paul Raj Engineering College, Bhadrachalam
With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has always
been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery standby according to their
manufacturer and batteries. All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and batteries have to be put
to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of this current proposal is to make the
recharging of the mobile phones independent of their manufacturer and battery make. In this paper a new
proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you
talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves. The microwave signal is transmitted from
the transmitter along with the message signal using special kind of antennas called slotted wave guide
antenna at a frequency is 2.45 GHz. There are minimal additions, which have to be made in the mobile
handsets, which are the addition of a sensor, a Rectenna, and a filter. With the above setup, the need for
separate chargers for mobile phones is eliminated and makes charging universal. Thus the more you talk,
the more is your mobile phone charged. With this proposal the manufacturers would be able to remove the
talk time and battery standby from their phone specifications.

Digital Image Processing Application for Abnormal Incident Detection

Kalyani.M & Deepthi.K
Department of ECE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla.
Intelligent vision systems (IVS) represent an exciting part of modern sensing, computing, and
engineering systems. The principal information source in IVS is the image, a two dimensional
representation of a three dimensional scene. The main advantage of using IVS systems is that the
information is in a form that can be interpreted by humans. Our paper is an image process application
for abnormal incident detection, which can be used in high security installation, subways, etc. In our
work, motion cues are used to classify dynamic scenes and subsequently allow the detection of
abnormal movements, which may be related critical situations. Successive frames are extracted from
the video stream and compared. By subtracting the second image from the first, the difference image is
obtained. This is then segmented to aid error measurement and thresholding. If the threshold is
exceeded, the human operator is alerted so that he / she may take remedial action. Thus by processing
the input image suitably, our system alerts operators to any abnormal incidents, which might lead to
critical situations.