A presentation on

Flexural & Shear Design of

Deep Beam

Presented by

Pragya N R
P Roy (P
(Peter)
t )
Structural Engineer
 Contents

• What is Deep Beam

• Behavior of Deep Beam

• Flexural Design of Deep Beam

• Shear Design
g of Deep
p Beam

• Examples
p
 What is Deep Beam
• Large depth/thickness ratio
• And shear span depth ratio
less than
2.5 for concentrated load
and
less than 5.0 for distributed
load.
• Where the shear span is the
clear span of the beam for
distributed load
 Application

• Pile Cap
Cap.
• Bridge Girder.
• W ll slabs
Wall l b under
d vertical
ti l lloads.
d
• Floors slabs under horizontal loads.
• Some shear walls.
 Behavior of Deep beam
• Two-Dimensional Action.
• Plane Section Do Not Remain Plane, in the deep
beam design.
• The strain distribution is no longer linear.
• The shear deformation cannot be neglected as in
the ordinary beam.
• The stress distribution is not linear even in the
elastic stage.
• At the ultimate limit state the shape of concrete
compressivei stress blblock
k iis not parabolic
b li shape
h
again.
 Behavior of Deep beam
• The distribution of tensile stress at bottom
fiber is constant over the span.
• Tensile stress in the bottom fiber at support
and at mid span is almost the same.
• The tension reinforcement must be extended
to the end of support.
• The
Th maximum i ttensile
il stress
t att th
the b
bottom
tt
fiber is far exceed the magnitude of
compressive i stress.
t
 Design Criteria for flexure in deep
Beams
Simply Supported beams:
• The ACI code does not specify a simplified
g pprocedure
design
• ACI procedure for flexural analysis and
design of deep beams follows rigorous non
linear approach
• The simplified provisions presented in this
section are based on the recommendations of
the Euro
Euro-International
International Concrete Committee
(CEB).
 Design Criteria for flexure in deep
Beams
• A schematic stress
distribution in a
homogeneous deep beam
having a span/depth ratio
Ln/h = 1.0
10
• It was experimentally
observed that the moment
lever arm does not change
significantly even after initial
cracking
 Design Criteria for flexure in deep
Beams
Nominal Resisting Moment,
Mn = Asfy (moment arm jd)
The reinforcement area ‘As’ for flexure is
As = Mu/φfyjd ≥ 3√fc
3√fcӘ bd/fy ≥ 200bd/fy

The lever arm as recommended by CEB

j 0.2(l+2h)
jd= f 1 ≤ l/h <2
0 2( 2 ) for 2
jd=0.6l for l/h <1
l= Effective span measured from c/c.

The tension reinforcement has to be placed in the

lower segment
g of beam height
g such that the
segment height is Y=0.25h-0.05l < 0.20h
Design Criteria for flexure in deep
Beams
 SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM
• The shear design of deep beam is similar as shear
design
g of ordinary y beam.
• The difference is the concrete shear strength.
• Limitation of ultimate shear force.
• Horizontal and vertical stirrups distribution.

BASIC DESIGN EQUATION

φVn ≥ Vu
• Vn = nominal shear strength
• φVn = design shear strength
• φ = strength
g reduction factor (0.85)
( )
• Vu = ultimate shear force, factored shear force
 SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM
• As shear design of ordinary beam, the shear force is
resisted by the concrete component and by the
shear reinforcement component, as follows :
Vn = Vc + Vs
where :
• Vn = Nominal shear strength
• Vc = Concrete shear strength without shear
reinforcement
• Vs = shear reinforcement ((stirrup)
p) shear strength
g
 CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH

The concrete Shear strength of deep beam is taken as

where :
Vc = concrete shear strength (N)
Mu = ultimate
lti t flflexure momentt (N
(Nmm))
Vu = ultimate shear force (N)
f’c = concrete cylinder strength (MPa)
p
d = effective depth
bw = width of beam web
ρw = longitudinal reinforcement ratio
 CONCRETE SHEAR
STRENGTH
Or ,the concrete shear strength can be determined
as :

The maximum limit of concrete shear strength

is
s:
 CONCRETE SHEAR
STRENGTH
The section must be enlarged if the ultimate shear force does not
follow the condition below :

Or,
 STIRRUP SHEAR STRENGTH
The
e st
strength
e gt oof horizontal
o o ta a and
d vertical
e t ca sshear
ea
reinforcements is :
 LIMITS OF SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
The minimum shear reinforcement area is :
Av−min = 0.0015 (bsv)

Avh−min = 0.0025 (b sh)

where :
Av-min = minimum vertical stirrups
Avh-min
h i = minimum horizontal stirrups

b = width of beam
sv = spacing
i off vertical
ti l stirrups
ti
sh = spacing of horizontal stirrups
 MAXIMUM SPACING OF SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
The maximum spacing
p g of shear reinforcement is :
 CRITICAL SECTION IN DEEP BEAM

The critical section to determines the ultimate shear force

in the deep beam is :
 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE
The followings are the step – by – step procedure used in the shear
design for deep beam, as follows :

 Determine the critical section to calculate the ultimate shear force

Vu.
 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE

 Check the ultimate shear force, enlarge the section if

the condition is not achieved.
 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE

Calculate the concrete shear strength Vc:

 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE
 If Vu < 0.5φVc then no shear reinforcements needed, but for
practical
ti l reason provide
id minimum
i i shear
h reinforcement:
i f t

 If Vu > φVc then provide the shear reinforcements.

 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE

 Calculate the ultimate shear force carried by the stirrups Vs.

 Choose the
Ch th vertical
ti l and
d horizontal
h i t l stirrups
ti until
til the
th condition
diti
achieved.
 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE

 Check the spacing of shear reinforcement sv and sh.

 If necessary check the chosen shear reinforcements for the basic

design equation for shear design.
 STEP – BY – STEP PROCEDURE

 The design procedure above is repeats until the basic design

equation for shear design is achieved
 Example: Design Problem

Flexural Design of a
Simply Supported
Beam
 Example: Design Problem

• MATERIAL • DIMENSION
• Concrete strength = K • b = 500 mm
– 300 • h = 2750 mm
• Steel grade = Grade • Concrete cover = 50
400 mm
• Concrete cylinder • d = 2700 mm
strength = f'c = 0.83×
30 = 24.9 MPa
• β1 = 0.85
 Example: Design Problem

• Design Force
Mu=1.4((1/8)*qL^2
= 1.4((1/8)*6000*5^2
1 4((1/8)*6000*5^2
=26250 kgm
Deep Beam Checking
Ln/d = 4700/2700
4700/2700=1 1.74
74
Where, 1.0 ≤ 1.74 ≤ 5.0 Deep beam action
 Example: Design Problem

• Lever Arm
jd = 0.2(L + 2h)= 0.2(5000 + 2(2750))
=2100mm
Positive Reinforcement
Mu = 262500000Nmm
Example: Design Problem
 Example: Design Problem

• SHEAR DESIGN OF
SIMPLY SUPPORTED
DEEP BEAM
 Example: Design Problem

• MATERIAL • DIMENSION
• Concrete strength = K • b = 500 mm
– 300 • h = 2750 mm
• Steel grade = Grade • Concrete cover = 50
240 mm
• Concrete cylinder • d = 2700 mm
strength = f'c = 0.83×
30 = 24.9 MPa
• β1 = 0.85
 Example: Design Problem

• Design Force
X =1.5Ln=0.15x4700 =705mm
Vu =1.4(10770)=
=1 4(10770)= 15078 kg
Limitation Checking

The Section is not enlarged.

 Example: Design Problem

• Concrete Shear Strength

 Example: Design Problem

• Design of Stirrups

Vu= 150780 < 0.5*Φ*V

0 5*Φ*Vc =872161
872161
Provide minimum web reinforcement
For horizontal and vertical stirrups we
g Φ10.
choose 2 legs
Av=2((1/4)*π Φ2 =2((1/4)* π*102 =157mm2
Example: Design Problem
 Example: Design Problem

• Reinforcement arrangement
References

• Reinforced Concrete by EE. G

G. Nawy
• http://www.asdipsoft.com/Deep-bm.htm
THANK YOU