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microstates
beda energi karena tolakan antar elektron (inter-electronic repulsions)
1
Menentukan harga L, ML, S, Ms untuk terms yang berbeda
1S
Spin multiplicity = 2S + 1
2P
Mengklasifikasikan microstates p2
3P has S = 1, L = 1
2
single e- (electronic state) Æ multi-e- (atomic state)
before we did:
p2
Terms
3P, 1D, 1S
d2
3
Remember what we’re after ? Selection rules
(determine intensities)
Laporte rule
Theory to explain electronic g → g forbidden (that is, d-d forbidden)
excitations/transitions observed for metal but g → u allowed (that is, d-p allowed)
complexes
Spin rule
Transitions between states of different multiplicities forbidden
Transitions between states of same multiplicities allowed
Free ion
term for
d2
Real complexes
4
Tanabe-Sugano diagrams d2 complex: Electronic transitions and spectra
• show correlation of
spectroscopic transitions
observed for ideal Oh
complexes with electronic
states only 2 of 3 predicted transitions
• energy axes are observed
parameterized in terms of ∆o
and the Racah parameter (B)
which measures repulsion d2
between terms of the same
multiplicity
d3
d1 d9
d2 d8
d3
The limit between
high spin and low spin
5
symmetry labels
LMCT
Ligand character
Ligand character
MLCT
Metal character
6
[Cr(NH3)6]3+
d1 d9
mixing
E (T1g→A2g) - E (T1g→T2g) = ∆o