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Amount of nitrogen
fertilizer used rose
greatly, 1950–80
Nitrate concentrations
in Midwestern rivers in
1980–98 were much
more than in 1905–07.
Creation of the hypoxic dead zone
Nitrogen input boosts phytoplankton…
• Human caused
fluxes are
smaller
seasonally, but
larger annually.
We unbalance
the carbon cycle
by taking fossil
fuels, and
burning forests,
and converting
these to CO2 in
the atmosphere.
Key facts in the carbon cycle
• This means…
Figure 6.24
Key points in the hydrologic cycle
Figure 6.24
Key points in the hydrologic cycle