Chapter 2: Forces and Motion

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that if there is no net force acting on a body, its state of motion
will be unchanged.

The inertia of the body tends to continue moving forward/tends to stay at rest due to inertia/
greater tendency to …

One kilogram is defined to be the mass of a standard cylinder of a platinum-iridium alloy

The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity

According to the principle of conservation of momentum, when two or more bodies act on each
other, their total momentum remains constant, provided that there is no external force acting on
them (closed system)

Elastic collision- the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved

In elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is not conserved/decreased (heat or sound)

Newton’s Second law of Motion states that Rate of change of momentum of an object/ system is
directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and in the direction of the force (张其言
version)

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that when an object exerts a force on a second object, the
second object exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on the first object.

Impulsive force is defined as the rate of change of momentum

The gravitational field is a region in which an object experiences a force due to the gravitational
attraction towards the centre of the Earth.

Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an object due to the pull of gravitational force.

The gravitational field of strength at a point in the gravitational field is the gravitational force acting
on a mass of 1kg placed at that point

Work is defined as the product of an applied force an the displacement of a n object in the direction
of the applied force.

1 joule is the work done when a force of newton moves through 1 metre in the direction of the force.

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion

Gravitational potential energy is the energy of an object because of its higher position in the
gravitational field.

Power is defined as the rate at which work is done.

Elasticity is a property of matter that enables an object to return to its original size and shape when
the forces that are acting on it are removed.