Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Table 1 shows three sets of experiment to study the factors affecting the rate of reaction
between calcium carbonate, CaCO3 and nitric acid, HNO3.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C
I 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 30
excess calcium carbonate chips
II 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 40
excess calcium carbonate chips
III 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 nitric acid and 40
excess calcium carbonate powder
Table 1
a) State the observation changes which can be used to measure the rate of [1]
reaction in this experiment.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
b) The following chemical equation represents the reaction in the experiment.
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
i. Calculate the number of moles of nitric acid used in Experiement III. [1]
ii. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released in Experiemnt III at room [2]
temperature.
[ 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition]
iii. Sketch the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected against time for [2]
Experiement I, II and III on the same axis.
c) iv. Compare the rate of reaction in Experiement I and Experiment II. [1]
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d) v. Explain your answer in (b) (iv) based on the collision theory. [4]
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Experiments I, II and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.
Table 2 shows the reactants and temperature used in each experiment.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C
I Excess zinc powder 30
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
II Excess zinc powder 40
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid
III Excess zinc powder 30
+
25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 sulphuric acid acid
Table 2
a) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in Experiment I. [2]
b) Based on the experiments, state two factors that affect the rate of reaction. [2]
_______________________________________________________________
c) i. Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and II. [4]
Explain the difference by using collision theory.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
d) Diagram 1 shows the curve of the graph of total volume of gas against time for [1]
Experiement I.
Sketch the curve obtained for Experiment III on the same axes.
Diagram 1
During a master chef competition, an apprentice found that a piece of meat is still [2]
not temder after cooking fr one hour.
State one method that should be taken to make the meat become tender in a shorter
time. Explain yor answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Diagram 2
a) Complete the Diagram 2 above with suitable apparatus. [1]
b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium [2]
carbonate.
Table ___ shows the results of three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the
rate of reaction. 50 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected in each experiment.
Experiment Reactants Temperature /C Time taken / s
I 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid 28 240
+
Excess marble chips
II 50 cm of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid
3
28 60
+
Excess powdered marble chips
III 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm – 3 nitric acid 40 150
+
Excess marble chips
Table ___
a) Nitric acid reacts with marble chips to produce calcium nitrate, carbon dioxide gas [5]
and water.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum
volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment I
[Relative atomi mass: C = 12; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room
conditions]
_______________________________________________________________
b) Based on Table __, compare the rate of reaction between [6]
i. Experiemnt I and Experiment II
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
i. Experiment I and Experiment III
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to collision
theory
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
c) Catcalyst can be used to increase the rate of reaction between metal and acid. By [9]
using a suitable named of metal and acid, describe an experiment to show how
catalyst affects the rate of reaction.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Diagram ___
Diagram ___ shows the set-up apparatus of an experiment to investigate the
reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. A student collect
the gas released by using a syringe. 30 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas was
collected at room condition.
a) i. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [2]
ii. Calculate the number of moles of carbn dioxide gas in the syringe. [1]
3 –1
[Molar volume = 24 dm mol at room condition]
iii. Calculate the number of molecules of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe. [1]
[ Avogadro Constant: 6.02 × 1023 ]
iv. Calculate the maximum mass of calcium carbonate needed to produce carbon [2]
dioxide gas in the syringe.
[Relative atomic mass: C =12; O = 16; Ca = 40]
a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. [1]
_______________________________________________________________
ii. The average rate of reaction during the 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 [1]
e) Give two ways to increase the rate of the reaction without changing the [2]
quantity of gas released in the experiment.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Practice 2
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of total surface area on the
rate of the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Experiment I : Excess zinc granules reacted with 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid
Experiment II : Excess zinc powder reacted with 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid
A gas is collected in both the experiments. The rate of reaction is determined by the rate
of the gas released.
ii. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurred. [2]
ii. What is the maximum volume of gas released in Experiment II? Explain [2]
your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
c) Sketch the graph of the volume of gas collected against the time taken for [2]
both the experiment on the same axes.
d) i. Referring to the graph in (c), which experiment gives a higher rate of [1]
reaction?
_____________________________________________________________
ii. Give a reason for your answer in d) (i) [1]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
e) The rate of reaction decreases as the reaction proceeds. Explain why. [1]
_______________________________________________________________
Ahmad takes part in Young Scientist Competition during Science Week at school. He
carries out an experiment to investigate rate of reaction between eggs shell and ethanoic
acid. The eggs shell contains calcium carbonate and chemical equation below shows the
chemical reaction that occurred.
2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
Table __ shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas collected at 30 second interval.
Time / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Volume of gas / cm3 0 16 30 39.0 42.5 44.0 44.0 44.0
Table ___
a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up and materials used by [2]
Ahmad to carry out the experiment.
a) Write a chemical equation to show the reaction between magnesium and [2]
hydrochloric acid.
_______________________________________________________________
c) Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced at room condition [2]
[1 mole of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room condition]
d) What is the average rate of reaction for
i. Set I
ii. Set II
e) State two factors that affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. [2]
f) i. Diagram ___ below shows the curve obtained for set I when the volume [1]
of hydogen gas liberated against time is plotted.
On the same axes, sketch the curve you would expect to obtain if the
experiment is repeated using 0.3 g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm 3 of
2.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid