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S ® Training Manual

High Definition
Television

Circuit Description and Troubleshooting

Course: DTV-01
Table of Contents
Introduction 1 POWER SUPPLY
HDTV Transmission Stream 3 Power Supply Block 55
Introduction to MPEG-2 Compression 9 Standby Power 53

Model KW-34HD1 - Normal Operation 19 Converter 2 61

Inputs 21 Overall Protection Block 67

Overall Block 25 D Board Protection Block 71

SIGNAL PROCESS Protection Circuit 1 73

Video Block 1 29 Protection Circuit 2 75

Video Process A 31 Protection Circuit 3 77

Video Process B 33 Protection Circuit 4 81

Video Block 2 35 DEFLECTION

Digital Realty Creation 37 Vertical Deflection 85

MID - Multi Image Driver 41 Horizontal Deflection Block 89


Video Process C 43 Horizontal Drive 91
Video Block 3 45 Horizontal Driver 93
Video Process D 47 Horizontal Output PWM 1 97
On Screen Display 49 Horizontal Output PWM 2 101
Video Process E 51 Pincushion Correction 105
Screen Voltage Control 53 Picture Tilt Circuit 109
Dynamic Focus Block 113
Dynamic Focus 1 - B+ Mfg. 117
Dynamic Focus 2 - Location 121
Dynamic Quadrapole Focus 125
Appendix
Set-Back Box i
Picture Size Modes iii
Board Replacement iv
Service Mode Display vi
1
Digital Transmission Formats
Introduction
There are 18 approved digital transmission formats. The first six offer HD
signals in a 16x9 aspect ratio. The remaining 12 formats are SD signals
TV Transmission Formats in progressive (p) or interlaced (i) scan. Although not high resolution, they
Standard Definition/High Definition offer significant improvements over the NTSC analog signal.
Picture resolution is commonly measured in pixels or lines. The number 18 Digital Transmission Formats
of pixels is the number of black to white brightness changes possible on
Resolution Aspect Frames Resolution Aspect Frames
the screen first in a horizontal, then in a vertical row (e.g. 960x480). CRT Ratio Ratio
manufacturing tolerances limits the number of pixels possible. This is a
common resolution specification in a computer monitor CRT. 1. 1920x1080 16:9 30 i 10. 704x 480 16:9 24 p

In a TV broadcast, the studio camera is the limitation to higher resolution. 2. “ 16:9 30 p 11. “ 4:3 60 p
The picture scanned by the camera is segmented by pixels similar to the 3. “ 16:9 24 p 12. “ 4:3 30 i
viewer’s CRT. The greater the number of pixels in the horizontal and ver- 4. 1280x 720 16:9 60 p 13. “ 4:3 30 p
tical row, the greater the resolution. This will be the current resolution
5. “ 16:9 30 p 14. “ 4:3 24 p
limitation as the USA makes the transition toward high definition digital TV.
6. “ 16:9 24 p 15. 640x 480 4:3 60 p
In a TV transmission, the ability of a signal voltage to quickly change from
low to high and to produce a dark to white transition is comparable to a 7. 704x 480 16:9 60 p 16. “ 4:3 30 i
pixel. This is not a limitation in the transmission format, but the number of 8. “ 16:9 30 i 17. “ 4:3 30 p
lines transmitted is and is used as a resolution measurement in transmis- 9. “ 16:9 30 p 18. “ 4:3 24 p
sions. The number of lines transmitted in the current USA NTSC format is
525. This is considered a standard definition (SD) transmission.
A standard definition (SD) transmission of 525 lines can be transmitted in A standard definition transmission permits space for another digital video
the analog or digital mode. A higher definition (HD) transmission can be stream to coexist on the same frequency (channel). Consequently a sta-
transmitted only in the digital (DTV) mode. tion can have more than one program stream on a digital channel. The
maximum number is not known at this time.
¨ SDTV or SD – Standard definition is the current 525 lines of resolution
transmitted, but only 480 of those lines are viewable. SD can be sent
as an NTSC analog or digital (DTV) transmission.
¨ HDTV or HD – A high-definition transmission contains 720 or more
horizontal lines. HD is transmitted only in a digital format.
¨ DTV – A digital TV transmission refers only to the digital encoding of
the picture signal that may contain either a high (HD) or low (SD) reso-
lution picture. The digital picture is not viewable on an analog TV with-
out a “decoder box”.
How to use this book for servicing Service Mode Adjustment Notes
When encountering this TV set for servicing there are several things you Because of this TV’s complexity, the following precautions should be noted
need to know. Below is a list of the necessary servicing items and where while making service adjustments for convergence, video level, size, and
to locate them: white balance or positioning:
Servicing Needs 1. The numerous service mode registers are usually grouped by ICs for
Information Location easy access. Use the remote’s #2 and #5 button to change IC groups.
Then you can move from register to register with the #1 and #4 but-
1. Hookup / Operation / Normal First document in this training tons.
Operation manual (Normal Operation)
2. Each register that controls the picture’s size, deflection and position
2. External HDTV set-back box Appendix (on pages 45-47 of the service manual) has seven sets of adjustment
indicator lights data, one for each of the seven picture size modes. These settings do
3. Location of power handling parts Service manual / visual not interact. Enter the service mode, adjust the TV during that picture
and fuses inspection of heat sinks size, and store it.
4. Standby light indication message & Service manual and Seven Picture Size Modes
board determination Protection Block document
NTSC or SD DTV HDTV
5. Shutdown troubleshooting plan Protect Circuitry 3 & 4
1. Normal 4:3 4. Wide Zoom 6. HDTV Full
6. Power Supply, Deflection, Video Circuitry in this training book. aspect ratio
Selection and Signal Flow Circuitry See table of contents.
2. Full 16:9 aspect 5. Caption 7. HDTV Twin View
7. Focus Circuitry Circuitry in this training book ratio (Top & bottom pix
8. Dynamic Convergence adjustments Service manual page 27 3. Zoom compressed)
(same as in training manual
supplement) 1. Some registers are duplicated under different groups for ease of ad-
9. Adjustments after tube replacement Notes on using the service justments. These duplicated registers have the same name. Chang-
mode follow this chart. ing the register data at one location causes the data to change at the
A list of register names are in other location as well.
the service manual. 2. Save adjustments often. Changing registers will hold the new data,
Training manual supplement but changing picture sizes (zoom, full, caption, etc) will instantly lose
any unsaved data that was just held.
3. There are separate contrast, color level, and hue adjustments for:
¨ The main picture
¨ The HDTV picture
¨ Each twin view picture
They are adjusted for equal levels as you switch modes. This is so
the picture is not brighter in one mode than another.

2
3

VSB Transmission
HDTV Transmission Data Stream
The Vestigial Sideband Transmission part of the block takes the transport
packets from the Data Multiplexer and performs the following:
Transmission Block
· Scrambles the data
The National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) was a group that · Groups the data
created the analog TV standard. The purpose of the Advanced Televi- · Adds sync
sion Systems Committee (ATSC) is to similarly set the digital TV stan- Data scrambling
dard. The primary objective was to create a transport stream in a trans-
mission scheme that would fit in the current 6 MHz bandwidth channel. The Data Randomizer block, the Reed Solomon Encoder block and the
For expansion and versatility, space in the transport stream was made for Data Interleaver block all scramble the data but in different areas.
additional service data. Using this transmission method, each station can Scrambling the data is done for reliable recovery of lost, damaged, or
broadcast more than one digital program simultaneously on the same 6 missing data. Scrambling scatters the data so it is no longer in the normal
MHz channel by compromising picture resolution. 1, 2 3, 4, 5, 6 linear sequence. For example the scrambled data may
have a packet sequence that looks like this: 3, 18, 33, 11, 4, 52, 89, 7 etc.
In order to understand how a digital picture quality signal is sent within the
6 MHz bandwidth, the block diagram of the transmission scheme is needed During the transmission if a large loss of data packets 11, 4, 52 occurred,
first, to explain the structure. The HDTV Transmission Block consists of the lost pieces are not as significant as if sequential data packets 4, 5, 6
two parts. The Transport Packet Generation part multiplexes the com- were lost. This is because at the decoder where the packets are returned
pressed video, audio, and additional digital data into a single stream. The to the linear order, data packets 11, 4, & 52 are in different places. The
VSB Transmission part scrambles the data to reduce recovery errors, large loss actually consists of smaller losses that can be interpolated from
groups the data, adds sync data, and transmits the information. the remaining adjacent data.
The Transport Packet Generation Groups the Data
When both video and audio analog signals are converted to a digital for- The Trellis Encoder works with the VSB modulator to reduce transmis-
mat, a huge bit stream is output. Without compression, this digital signal sion bandwidth. The encoder takes a stream of bits and groups them into
could not be transmitted within the 6 MHz boundary. The video bit stream 3 bit words called symbols. The purpose is to ultimately reduce the band-
reduction is accomplished using four cohesive methods within the Motion width by reducing the frequency.
Picture Experts Group (MPEG) encoder block. Audio bit reduction is per- Sync is added
formed in the Dolby Ò developed (AC-3) encoder block. Segment sync and field sync added to the transport packets in the multi-
The additional services data may contain information pertaining to the TV plexer. The Segment sync marks each transport packet. The field sync
program or unrelated data such as Internet or computer data. TV pro- identifies a group of transport packets. The multiplexer’s data output is
gram related information is in a structure called Program and System called a VSB data frame.
Information Protocol (PSIP). It contains additional sync, real time, station
ID, alternate channel number display and more.
The video and audio output from the encoders is multiplexed with addi-
tional services data into a single bit stream by the Data Multiplexer. The
data output is in groups called transport packets. They are applied to the
VSB Transmission part of the block.
SEGMENT
DATA SYNC
VIDEO MPEG
RANDOMIZER
COMPRESSION
ENCODER

FIELD RF
SYNC UP
MULTIPLEXER
REED CONVERTER
DATA (VSB DATA
AUDIO AC-3 SOLOMON
MULTIPLEXER FRAME
COMPRESSION ENCODER
CREATED)
ENCODER

DATA TRELLIS VSB


ADDITIONAL
INTERLEAVER ENCODER MODULATOR
SERVICES
DATA

TRANSPORT PACKET
GENERATION VSB TRANSMISSION

HDTV TRANSMISSION BLOCK

4
5

Data Process - Transport Packet Generation VIDEO MPEG


COMPRESSION

After MPEG and AC-3 compression, the audio and video data is multi- ENCODER

plexed with additional services data into a 188-byte transport packet. The
DATA
transport packet is output at a 19.4Mbits/sec data rate. The packet con- AUDIO AC-3
COMPRESSION
MULTIPLEXER DATA RATE DATA RATE = 188 bytes* 8bits/byte *
626segments/frame * 20.66 frames/sec
ENCODER 19.4Mbps
sists of a link header and a payload. 188 BYTES

Link Header ADDITIONAL


LINK HEADER
(4 BYTES)
PAYLOAD
(184 BYTES)
SERVICES

Each packet is preceded by a link header that contains: DATA

TRANSPORT PACKET
· Sync - Identifies the beginning of the packet and a sample of a 27Mhz
clock.
TRANSPORT PACKET GENERATION
· Continuity Counter or Error Control – Numbers each packet
· Transport Scrambling Control - Identifies if this packet is scrambled.
· Packet ID (PID) – Links related and marks duplicated (important) pack-
ets. Marks the location of the unscrambling packet (if any).
Payload
The payload consists of 184 Bytes of multiplexed audio, video and addi-
tional services data.
Data Process – VSB Transmission INPUT DATA RATE = 188 bytes* 8bits/
byte * 626segments/frame * 20.66
frames/sec
832 SYMBOLS
Data Randomizer INPUT DATA RATE NOTE : FIELD SYNC #1
19.4Mbps FRAME = (77.3us * 626
SEGMENTS) = 48.38ms
The construction of the VSB data frame begins at the Data Randomizer. 188
THEREFORE, THERE
ARE 20.66 FRAMES/S S
313
SEGMENT
This block scrambles only the payload data in a set pattern so it can be Bytes E
G
DATA + OVERHEAD S

SEGMENT M
unscrambled at the decoder. DATA
RANDOMIZER
SYNC E
N
T FIELD SYNC #2

Reed - Solomon Decoder FIELD


S
Y RF
SYNC N 313 UP
REED MULTIPLEXER SEGMENT
This decoder scrambles the entire transport packet except for the early SOLOMON
ENCODER
(VSB DATA
FRAME
C DATA + OVERHEAD S CONVERTER

(Adds 20 Bytes) CREATED)


sync in the link header. It adds 20 parity bytes for error correction to 208
Bytes 312
insure recovery. The transport packet has been increased to 208 Bytes. TRELLIS
Bytes/
segment
1 SEGMENT = 77.3us
VSB DATA FRAME
DATA VSB
ENCODER
Data Interleaver INTERLEAVER
OUTPUT DATA RATE
MODULATOR

32.28Mbps
VSB TRANSMISSION or
This block scrambles about 1/6 of a field of data (more than a single 10.76Msymbols/sec

transport packet) in accordance to a preset pattern.


The Data Interleaver basically adds no additional bits. 208 Bytes is out-
put.
Trellis Encoder
The details of the Trellis Encoder data processing scheme will be ex- 188 BYTES

plained later. To simplify the data structure understanding for now, the LINK HEADER PAYLOAD INPUT DATA RATE
OUTPUT DATA RATE = 3 bits/symbol * 832
Symbols/segment * 626segments/frame *
Trellis encoder adds additional bytes to the process and converts the (4 BYTES) (184 BYTES) 19.4Mbps
20.66 frames/sec

TRANSPORT PACKET
incoming stream to 3 bit words, which represent 1 of 8 different levels.
These 3 bit words are termed symbols. The details of the Trellis Encoder
are beyond the scope of this manual but an overview is presented later. SYNC
4 SYMBOLS
(12 BITS)
828 SYMBOLS

Multiplexer 312 BYTES = 832 SYMBOLS = SEGMENT

The Multiplexer combines the symbols with segment sync to from what is
S S S S S S
defined as a segment. Each segment contains four symbols of segment Y FIELD SYNC
N #1
Y
N
DATA
&
OVERHEAD
Y
N
DATA
&
OVERHEAD
Y FIELD SYNC
N #2
Y
N
DATA
&
OVERHEAD
Y
N
DATA
&
OVERHEAD
OUTPUT DATA
RATE
C C C C C C
sync plus 828 symbols of payload data. Therefore each segment con- FIELD = 313 SEGMENTS FIELD = 313 SEGMENTS
32.28Mbps
or
10.76Msymbol

tains the equivalent of a scrambled transport packet + sync. FRAME = 626 SEGMENTS
s/sec

312 segments represent approximately a field of digital data. The multi- DATA STRUCTURE

plexer adds an additional field sync to the beginning of the 312 segments,
making a field equal to 313 segments. Two fields equals a frame so 626
segments = a complete Vestigial Sideband (VSB) data frame. This frame
is sent to the VSB modulator for transmission.
The Data Structure diagram shows the VSB Frame information sent in
segments. Each segment contains sync, data and overhead

6
7

Trellis Encoding Scheme DATA STREAM INTO TRELLIS ENCODER


TRELLIS
ENCODER DATA STREAM OUT OF TRELLIS ENCODER

01001101110100100111100100101010101 000 111 001 001 011 000 111 010 101 111 110
The Trellis Encoder works with the VSB modulator in a scheme to reduce
DATA STREAM INTO ENCODER
bandwidth by 1/3. The encoder converts the incoming stream into 3-bit UNDERGOES CONVERTION
USING A MAPPING SCHEME TO 3
BIT WORD GROUPS CALLED
word groups. The 3 bit words are assigned in a mapping table that is SYMBOLS. THESE SYMBOLS ARE
USED BY THE VSB MODULATOR

designed to reduce transitions (bandwidth). Each 3-bit word group is


+
called a symbol. 111 +
7

110 5
VSB
The VSB modulator converts each 3-bit symbol to a corresponding DC DATA STREAM OUT OF TRELLIS ENCODER

000 111 001 001 011 000 111 010 101 111 110
MODULATOR
101
100
011
+

+
3

level for transmission. Three bit symbols can designate up to 23 = 8 ana- SINCE THE SYMBOLS ARE 3 BIT,
010
001
000
1
-1
-3
THEY CAN ONLY REPRESENT
log levels. For example at the modulator input of the Trellis Scheme ONE OF 8 POSSIBLE LEVEL
COMBINATIONS. THE VSB MOD
-5
-7
CONVERTS THE SYMBOLS TO
diagram, the data is 110, 111, 101, 010, 111, 000. That corresponds to a LEVELS.

DC level of +5, +7, +3, -3, and +7, as shown at the modulator output. By TRELLIS SCHEME

replacing the 3-bit word with a single DC voltage, the digital information
sent to the AM transmitter is reduced by 1/3.
Trellis Encoder B/W Reduction Scheme TYPICAL DATA STREAM IN A WORST CASE
SCENARIO WHERE DATA IS TRANSITIONING
BETWEEN 1 AND 0 ALL THE TIME AS OPPOSED
TO RANDOM.

To understand how the Trellis Encoder reduces bandwidth by 1/3, an 12 BITS/SEC

example using the worse case highest frequency digital signal is shown. DATA RATE = 12BITS/SEC

The worse case signal is a waveform that is alternating between digital 0 EQUATES TO 6 CYCLES/SEC FREQUENCY

and 1. Twelve of these alternating bits are shown, occurring in one sec- ONE
NET EFFECT OF THE TRELLIS ENCODER IS
REDUCTION OF TRANSMISSION FREQ BY A
CYCLE
ond (data rate = 12 bits/sec). By examining this waveform you can see FACTOR OF 3, HENCE THE 32.28Mbps DATA
RATE IS REALLY TRANSMITTED AT
TRELLIS ENCODED DATA STREAM IN A WORST 10.76Mhz
that two bits is the equivalent of one cycle. Therefore the data rate of 12 CASE SCENARIO WHERE DATA IS
TRANSITIONING BETWEEN ONLY TWO LEVELS
111 AND 000 ALL THE TIME AS OPPOSED TO
bits/sec is equivalent to 6 cycles/sec (Hz). RANDOM. DATA RATE = 12BITS/SEC

EQUATES TO 2 CYCLES/SEC FREQUENCY

The Trellis Encoder manufactures the 3 bit symbols and the VSB modula-
tor translates each symbol into a single DC level for transmission. The ONE
CYCLE

worst case transmission is also when the DC level is alternating between TRELLIS ENCODER BW REDUCTION SCHEME

low and high. However since 3 bits is represented by a single DC level


after the modulator, the input data rate of 12 bits/sec results in a transmis-
sion of only 2 cycles/sec instead of 6 cycles/sec.
This means that a data rate of 32.28Mbps is reduced by 1/3 to 10.76
Mbps using the Trellis Encoder scheme. Since two bits are the equiva-
lent of one cycle, the data rate is halved to arrive at the equivalent fre-
quency. Therefore the audio, video and additional services data will have
a maximum frequency of to 10.76 Mbps /2 = 5.38 MHz. This is within the Nyquist it ~ 10.76Mhz / 2 = 5.38 Mhz
current 6 MHz TV channel bandwidth.

5.38 MHZ

6 MHZ

SPECTRAL BANDWIDTH

8
9
Each sample we take of the video is represented by an 8 bit digital word
Introduction to MPEG-2 Compression which translates to 28 or 256 different levels of each component. There-
fore, each pixel is made up of 3 components which can represent up to
MPEG stands for Motion Picture Experts Group, named after the com- 28 (Y) X 28 (R-Y) X 28 (B-Y) = 224 (commonly known as 24 bit color)or 16
mittee that developed the standard. million colors.

Why Compress? Y B-Y R-Y


MPEG defines a compression scheme for Video which evolved from the
need to transmit digital video on existing communication channels with One PIXEL
limited bandwidth. In addition to the bandwidth issue there is an obvious
storage one as well. The resolution or picture detail we require also plays an important role in
Fastest Communication Channels Typical Bandwidth our bandwidth and storage requirement. DVD uses a 720 Horizontal by
480 Vertical resolution or 720 pixels across times 480 rows or lines.
ISDN Line 144Kbps
T1 Line 1.5 Mbps 720
T3 Line 45 Mbps
480
With a whopping 4.7 gigabytes of data capacity, DVD-Video would seem
to have more than enough room for motion pictures. Unfortunately, digital
video has an incredibly voracious appetite for storage.
In summary we need to:
Raw or uncompressed Digital Video requires an enormous 252 Mega-
- sample 3 components (Y, R-Y and B-Y) each of which is composed
bits/sec of bandwidth and approx 31 Mbytes per second of storage.
of 720 x 480 (350,000) pixels.
- Represent each one by an 8 bit word (3 X 350,000 X 8 =
720x480 (Res.) X 8bits/sample X 30frames/sec X 3 Components
8,400,000bits). Therefore, each frame is made up of 8,400,000
bits.
To understand this figure, we need to understand video in its purest form.
- Finally, we would need to display at 30 frames per second (30 X
Component Video 8,400,000 =252,000,000 bits/sec or 252 Mbits/sec Bandwidth.
In its purest form, Video is made up of 4 components.
- Luminance or Y which defines the brightness level and To calculate the storage we simply divide the Bandwidth in bits by 8 bits
- Color which is made up of 3 components called R-Y, B-Y and G-Y. per byte and we get 31.5Mbytes/sec Storage requirement.

As it works out, we can mathematically calculate the 4th component (G- As illustrated, the requirement is enormous which paves the way for com-
Y) from the others. Therefore, we only require 3 components for Video pression and MPEG.
(Y, R-Y and B-Y).
Y = (R-Y) + (B-Y) + (G-Y)
Compression Process 4:2:2
Compression of Video is accomplished via the following process. Since the eye is less perceptive to color changes than to Luminance,
1. Selective Sampling significant reduction of data can be accomplished in the Sampling
2. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) process if we sample the color components (R-Y and B-Y) half as
3. Predictive & Motion Encoding much as the Luminance component (Y). The result is a 1/3 reduction
4. Hoffman Encoding or a bandwidth of 166Mbits/sec.
Video sampled using this technique is represented by a 4:2:2 sampling
structure. Y is sampled normally with R-Y and B-Y sampled half as much.
Selective Sampling
The number of times per second that you sample a signal is called its
ONE
sampling frequency. In Audio, the sampling frequency is 44,000 samples/ PIXEL Samples taken in the Horizontal direction up to 720 per Line
sec which is approx 2 times the highest frequency in Audio (20,000 Hz).
In contrast, Video is sampled at 4 times the highest frequency (13.5Mhz).
LINE 1 Y R-Y B-Y Y Y R-Y B-Y Y
Hence the term 4 in the sampling structure 4:4:4 representing the sam-
pling ratio of Y, R-Y and B-Y respectively. LINE 2 Y R-Y B-Y Y Y R-Y B-Y Y
.
Therefore, the same number of samples are taken of Y as they are of R- .
Y and B-Y. .
.
LINE 480
Non Sampled components Illustrated as clear boxes

Signal
4:1:1
Consequently techniques such as the 4:1:1 further reduce color sam-
pling to 1/4th of the Y component and compress by ½ or reduce band-
width to 125Mbits/sec.

Time

10
11
4:2:0 The high frequency information consumes the most data real estate and
is where we focus to compress in this next stage.
DVD takes it to another level by using a modified 4:2:2 sampling struc-
ture called 4:2:0. 4:2:0 samples R-Y half as much as Y and skips B-Y
The process of eliminating the imperceptible information is called Dis-
on the 1st line. However, on the next horizontal line, B-Y is sampled half
crete Cosine Transform or DCT. The sampling process converts the
as much as Y and R-Y is skipped. This routine is repeated effectively
information into digital data as described previously. Each digital picture
reducing the color components by another half achieving ½ compres-
frame is then sectioned off into 5400 blocks each consisting of 8 pixels
sion or a 125Mbit/sec bandwidth.
wide X 8 pixels high.
Through interpolation, the 4:2:0 is reconstructed into 4:2:2 without the
extra bandwidth requirement.
1 of 5400
Blocks
ONE
PIXEL Samples taken in the Horizontal direction up to 720 per Line
Picture
Frame
LINE 1 Y R-Y Y Y R-Y Y

LINE 2 Y B-Y Y Y B-Y Y

LINE 3 Y R-Y Y Y R-Y Y

LINE 4 Y B-Y Y Y B-Y Y


.
.
. 8X8
.
Pixel
LINE 480
Non Sampled components Illustrated as clear boxes Block

DCT transforms the 8X8 group of pixel values into frequency compo-
Discrete Cosine Transform nents.
After the Selective Sampling process is complete, the next step in the
MPEG process is to remove very fine picture detail imperceptible to the Although pixel values vary randomly in the 8X8 block, DCT re-positions
human eye. It is imperceptible because it is typically masked by other low frequency components on the upper left corner and high frequency
picture content. components on the lower right of the block.
Through an additional numerical conversion process called “Quantiza-
In a Video Frame, the very fine picture details consist of high frequency
tion”, frequency component values are assigned.
information which are basically fast changing Luminance and Color
content. In contrast, low frequency information are slow changing
High freq components are identified by the zero values (lower right) and
Luminance and Color content.
low freq components by the larger values (upper left).
Temporal Redundancy
Data compression is accomplished by elimination of the high frequency
components designated by the zeros. Within Video scenes, there are many redundant frames. An example
would be an anchor person reporting the news. With the exception of
lip movement, the other portions of the frame remain unchanged over
time. This type of redundancy over time is called “Temporal Redun-
8 X 8 Pixel Block dancy”.
LFreq HFref
The first frame could be stored as the reference or non changing por-
tions while remaining frames carry the lip motion information. This would
10 5 1 0 0 0 0 0
eliminate the need to store several full frames.
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Frames using Temporal redundancy which predict information based on
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 preceding frames are called “Inter-Frames” or Motion predicted Images.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Predictive & Motion Encoding
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The next step in the MPEG process is termed “Predictive & Motion
Encoding” and it takes advantage of both Spacial and Temporal redun-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 dancy to achieve compression.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I-Pictures
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 To begin the process of using Spacial and Temporal redundancy tech-
niques in compression, we need a reference or a start frame which does
HFref
not depend on previous or preceding frames.

This start frame would make use of Spacial redundancy within itself and
is termed an I picture.
Spacial Redundancy
I pictures are Intra-Frames and have zero dependency on previous or
preceding frames. They do however provide information to preceding
Within a Frame, there are many redundant pixels. An example would
frames.
be a blue sky. This type of redundancy within the Horizotal and Vertical
plane of a frame is called “Spacial Redundancy”.
The other pictures types used by MPEG are called P-Pictures (Predic-
tive) and B-Pictures (Bi-Directional).
One pixel could be stored with information to repeat for the remaining
pixels. This would eliminate the need to store every pixel in the frame.
I Pictures carry the most amount of data content. They are 3 times the
Frames making use of this technique are called “Intra-Frames”. size of a P-Picture and 5 to 6 times the size of a B-Picture.

12
13
P-Pictures
The P-Pictures are Predictive Encoded Images also known as Inter- I or P
Frames. Picture
B-Pictures
As the name indicates, a P-Picture is a predicted Image based on Predicted
by looking P Picture
previous I or P-Picture. The P-Picture is dependent on past Images to
exist. back at
previous
I or P Pic
I or P And
Picture Future
P Picture
P-Picture
Predicted
by looking
back at
Information previous
passed to I or P Pic
generate
P Picture

B-Pictures
The B-Pictures have Bi-directional dependency and are called Bi-
Directional Predicted Images.

The B-Picture is also a predicted Image but it is based on prior I or P


Pictures and preceding P-Pictures.

B-Pictures are typically made up of motion information and carry the


least amount of data.
I, P and B picture generation process Hoffman Encoding

To clearly understand the relationship between the I, P and B pictures The last step in the MPEG process uses a statistical approach to com-
we need to understand how they are generated. press the data further.
The last process is called Hoffman Encoding. Basically, this process
1. The start of an entirely new scene would require an I-Picture or a takes a look at the string of MPEG data and replaces it with information
reference for other pictures to follow until the next I-Picture. which allows regeneration.
- The information between the I-Picture and the next reference I- The best example is a string of eight “1’s” {11111111} replaced by {1x8}
Picture is called a GOP (Group of Pictures) which consist of one I which represents; repeat the 1 eight times.
and many P and B Pictures.
- I-Pictures typically re-occur at 15 picture intervals.
1. Next, the first P-Pictures in the GOP is generated based on the I-
Picture.
2. In between the I and first P-picture, several B-Pictures are gener-
ated as necessary to convey motion information from the I to the
first P-Picture. For this reason B-Pictures are dependent on past
and future pictures.
3. Then the process repeats with the generation of second P-Picture
which is now based on the first P-picture. And so on…

I
B
Time
B

P
GOP
B

14
15

MPEG II –vs- MPEG I MPEG II additional information


The MPEG process described is common to both MPEG II and MPEG I MPEG II is a broad standard which encompasses many resolutions
thus, explaining the backward compatibility between the two. including HDTV. These variations in MPEG II are defined by Levels and
Profiles.
The main differences between MPEG II and I are:
- MPEG II used in DVD uses a 720 x 480 resolution while MPEG I DVD is just one of the many profiles and levels defined by MPEG II
used in VIDEO CDs carries a resolution of 350 x 240. This differ- called Main Profile at Main Level ( MP@ML).
ence alone accounts for a 75% reduction in data using MPEG I over
MPEG II.
- MPEG II compresses data to about 1/40 on average while MPEG I
compresses data to about 1/140 on average. Therefore 250Mbit/s
are reduced to 6.25Mbits/s on average using MPEG II.
- MPEG II uses a variable rate compression while MPEG I uses a
fixed rate.
350 x 240 = 84,000 pixels
720 x 480 = 350,000 pixels
MPEG I represents
84,000/350,000 = 25% of MPEG II.
The Bit Rate Fluctuates
For DVD, variable bit rate is a tremendous advantage. If the bit rate were
fixed, it could not accommodate the changing needs of video scenes.
Consider the fast-paced action of a football player, running for a touch-
down as the camera pans past the crowd. Full of motion, this is an ex-
tremely demanding scene, one that requires the bit rate to be very high.
Now picture the same football player after the game, sitting in a restau-
rant, talking to his girlfriend. Almost nothing in the scene moves, so the bit
rate can be quite low.
If DVD used a fixed bit rate, the system might fall short on the football
scene. And it would definitely be wasting bits on the restaurant scene.
DVD-Video accommodates both scenes by varying the bit rate. In fact,
the maximum bit rate is 9.8 megabits per second which is nearly three
times as high as the “average” rate.
If DVD used a fixed rate, it would have to be at least 7 Mbps to maintain
picture quality! At that rate, total recording time would be cut in half. So
the goal of capturing a full-length movie on a 3-3/4-inch disc could not be
realized. Variable bit rate is one of the key technologies that makes DVD
possible.
By the way, Video CD uses MPEG-1 to yield a fixed bit rate of 1.15 Mbps.
The fixed rate and low number translate into the vast quality difference
between DVD-Video and Video CD.

16
17
24 Frames-per-Second Storage
In video, what appears to be a continuously moving image is actually a
series of discrete still pictures, called frames. Every video frame consists
of two interlaced “fields”, each of which contains half the frame’s scanning
lines. A U.S.-standard video picture runs at roughly 30 frames per sec-
ond. In contrast, movie file operates at 24 frames per second. So the
movies you see on television, cable or videocassette have all had their
frame rates converted by a special machine called a “telecine”.
The telecine converts the 24 film frames into video fields. However, video
requires 30 frames or 60 fields and Film is 24. Telecine performs this
process by converting 12 film frames to 24 fields (2 Fields/Film Frame)
and another 12 film frames to 36 fields (3 Fields/Film Frame). It is kept
seamless by converting one Film Frame to 2 Fields and the next one to 3.
This cycle is repeated 2, 3, 2, 3 until the 60 fields have been completed.
This Telecine process is called 2-3 Pull Down.
To achieve maximum recording time, the DVD-Video disc is actually mas-
tered in the original 24 film frame format. This reduces the video bit rate
by 20%, even before MPEG-2 encoding. During playback, the DVD-Video
player performs the 2-3 pull down function to generate a standard 30 frames
per second video output.
NOTES

18
19

Model KW-34HD1 - Normal Operation


These are normal operating conditions for Sony’s first high Definition TV during power on/off and input selection conditions.

Power ON
Operation Initial Step Sounds Visual Conditions
Plug in AC connection Nothing Nothing Front panel Master power button off
Power ON Master power ON 1. 2 Relays click immediately 1. Front panel Standby light: AC connected.
A button pressed 2. Degaussing coil energized 2. Blinking after relay click Set formerly OFF (by remote).
(humming sound) 3. Stops blinking in about 7 seconds when the picture
3. TV audio 1 sec after relays click appears. 1.3 Amps @120Vac
4. OSD: Yellow characters “Please check DTV
receiver connections”
Power ON Power ON in 1. 2 Relays click immediately 1. Front panel Standby light: AC connected.
B remote pressed 2. Degaussing coil energized 2. Standby light starts blinking after relay click Master power button ON
(humming sound) 3. Stops blinking in 7 seconds when the picture Standby light ON
3. TV audio 1 sec after relays click appears. TV OFF
4. OSD reads in Yellow characters “Please check
DTV receiver connections”. 1.3 Amps @120Vac
TV OFF Master Power 2 relays clicks Picture goes dark
A OFF pressed TV sound mutes All lights out
TV OFF Remote power 2 relays clicks Picture goes dark
B OFF pressed TV sound mutes Standby light comes ON

When this TV is ON there is no static electricity felt at the CRT screen.


It is normal to have black left & right borders on both sides of the picture when viewing a 4:3 aspect ratio picture on a 16x9 aspect ratio TV picture tube.

TV Operation with NO Inputs connected


Selection Access Step Sounds Visual Conditions
Video input Press TV/Video button No sound when there is Video 1, 2, or 3 appears in green letters at the upper left corner of the screen. Power ON
until video 1, 2, or 3 no video input. Screen is dark with no video input. No inputs
appear on the screen
DVD, HD, input or Press TV/Video button No sound when there is DVD or HD appears in green letters at the upper left corner of the screen. Power ON
High Definition TV input until DVD or HD input no input. Screen is dark with no input. No inputs
from external box is selected.
VHF / UHF input Press the TV button on Off the air white noise OSD station number appears in green at the upper right corner of the screen Power ON
the remote from the unconnected with snow. TV channels can be entered by remote or the up/down buttons No inputs
VHF/UHF input. will work if stations were programmed during set up.
Cable Input Press the TV button on Off the air white noise OSD “C _” appears in green at the upper right corner of the screen with Power ON
the remote from the unconnected snow. Cable channels can be entered by remote or the up/down buttons will No inputs
cable input. work if cable stations were programmed during set up.
Input Selection
Input Connections Programming Steps Results
VHF / UHF VHF / UHF antenna to rear panel “VHF / 1. Power ON. 1. See previous Power ON chart.
UHF” F type connector. 2. Use the remote TV/Video button to select TV. 2. Snow or a TV station with a channel
3. The remote ANT button toggles between VHF / UHF number will appear if you are correctly in
and cable. Select VHF / UHF (channel number the TV mode.
without a C prefix). 3. Correct VHF / UHF channels will be
rd
4. From the 4 Menu icon, select & enter “Auto numbered 2-69. Cable channels are
Program: VHF / UHF”. preceded with a letter C like C78.
5. Use Channel Up/Dwn to change stations for normal 4. It takes almost 1 min. to scan through all
operation. the VHF / UHF stations. At the end it will
select the lowest active VHF station.
Cable Connect cable feed to rear panel “Cable” F type 1. Power ON. 1. See previous Power ON chart.
connector. 2. Use the remote TV/Video button to select TV. 2. Snow or a TV station with a channel
3. The remote ANT button toggles between VHF / UHF number will appear if you are correctly in
and cable. Cable station numbers are preceded with a the TV mode.
letter “C”. Select a C prefix station like C4. 3. Correct Cable channels will be displayed
rd
4. From the 4 Menu icon, select & enter “Auto as C1 to C125.
Program: Cable”. 4. It takes about 1 min. to scan through all the
5. Use Channel Up/Dwn to change stations for normal cable stations. At the end it will select the
operation. lowest number active cable station.
High Definition Connect an UHF antenna to the DTV Receiver 1. Power ON. 1. See previous Power ON chart.
TV (external set-back box) and the receiver to the 2. Use the remote TV/Video button to select TV. 2. Snow or a TV station with a channel
rear of the TV using the supplied multi-pin I/O 3. The remote ANT button toggles between VHF / UHF number will appear if you are correctly in
cable. and cable. Select VHF / UHF (without a C prefix). the TV mode.
rd
4. From the 4 Menu icon, select & enter “Auto 3. Correct VHF / UHF channels will be
Program: VHF / UHF”. This tells the set-back box numbered 2-69. Cable channels are
to auto program DTV stations too. (“DTV Auto Add” preceded with a letter C like C78.
is only used to add DTV stations after one was 4. It takes about 1 min. to scan through all the
found.). VHF/UHF stations. At the end it will select
5. Use Channel Up/Dwn to change stations for HDTV the lowest number active station.
reception.
DVD, Video 1- Connect the video and audio cables of the 1. Power ON. 1. See previous Power ON chart.
3, or HD DVD, VCR, game, or camcorder to the rear 2. Use the remote TV/Video button to select the desired 2. The OSD will show the input selected as
panel phono jacks. The video 2 input is located input. you press the TV/Video button. The input
on the front panel. sequence is: Video 1-3, DVD, HD, TV and
The HD box has component video (Y, R-Y, B- it repeats.
Y) outputs. They plug into the HD input
(phono jacks).

20
21
This scope shot is taken of a video signal that produces a blue screen.
Inputs The top waveform is composite video and contains a combined signal.
The middle waveform is the chroma signal from the S video output. It
RF Inputs contains the burst after the retrace blanking area. The bottom waveform
There are three independent RF inputs which allow the user to have cable, is the luminance signal containing the H sync pulse below the base line.
an outdoor antenna aimed for VHF and UHF stations and another an- S Video Input
tenna oriented for digital TV stations. Each RF input has a channel num-
The S input refers to Separate Video inputs consisting of independent
bers assigned to it:
luminance (Y) and chroma (C) signals and a shield wire for each. They
R F C h a n n e l N u m b e r A s s ig n m e n t are input using a 5 pin standard connector. The fifth pin serves to close a
In p u t C h a n n e l N u m b e rs switch in the jack that identifies the presence of the S video plug. The S
C a b le 1 -1 2 5 Video signal is selected instead of the composite video 1-3 when the S
VHF / UHF 2 -1 3 / 1 4 -6 9 video plug is detected.
DTV 1 -9 9
The S video’s luminance signal is the picture’s brightness level signal.
They are selected from the ANT remote control button. This Y input signal also carries both of the horizontal and vertical sync
Composite Video pulses. The chroma signal contains the color information phase refer-
enced to the burst frequency of 3.58MHz. This C input contains 8 cycles
This is a single video 1, 2, or 3 input cable that carries the combined Y of reference burst signal in the open retrace interval. The chroma signal
and C signal. The TV/Video remote control button selects it. This com- requires demodulation into individual color components such as RGB
posite signal requires the receiver to first separate the two components, before the color information can be used.
usually using a comb filter. The chroma is demodulated into individual
color components, such as RGB, before the color information can be used. Component Video
These additional processing steps reduce resolution and could add noise, Conversion
but composite video is a convenient method of transporting a video sig-
Video can be made of four components:
nal.
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS
· Luminance or Y which defines the brightness level and
ch1
· Color, which is made of three components, called R-Y, B-Y and G-Y.
We can mathematically calculate the fourth component (G-Y) from the
ch2
1
others so only three components are required for video:
ch3

Assuming R+B+G = Y, and (R-Y)+Y = R, then (G-Y) = -R-B.


2
The manufacture of the G-Y signal can be performed in an electric matrix
consisting of summing op amps for adding (+) and subtractive op amps
3
for the difference of the two signals (-). By adding the (inverted) signals,
CH1!5.00 V~

CH2!1.00 V~ L=121
the last G-Y component can be derived.
CH3! 500mV= CHP MTB10.0us- 1.08dv ch1p
SET-BACK
BOX
VHF/UHF
DIGITAL (DTV) DTV I/O
FOR USE WITH
TV DOLBY DIGITAL KW-34HD1
ANTENNA OUTPUT (DTV TV)
(OPTICAL) ONLY TV
TV/VIDEO
ANT
- VHF AND SETBACK BOX HDTV

- CABLE
RF (ANT)
FOR USE WITH
VIDEO 1
CABLE HD (1080)
INPUT ONLY
VIDEO 2
VIDEO 3
ANALOG HD DVD
TV
INPUT HD
DTV I/O
VHF/UHF FOR USE WITH
KW-34HD1
MENU
(DTV RECEIVER)
Y ONLY

PB S VIDEO
- VIDEO SETTINGS
PR VIDEO AUDIO OUT
VAR/FIX - AUDIO SETTINGS
L
L (MONO)
L
(MONO) - VERTICAL SIZE AND CENTER
AUDIO - CLOSED CAPTION/VERTICAL SHIFT/TILT
R R
R
DVD 1 3 HD
CONTROL S IN OUT

REAR PANEL
KW34HD1 REMOTE CONTROL

INPUTS
HDTV44

22
23
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

These simple matrixes are found in ICs frequently labeled as decoders or


ch1

are part of a processor. A video processor IC can contain an additional


ch2

simple electric matrix to convert the R-Y signals to their base Red signal 1

voltages by just adding the Y signal as (R-Y) + Y = R. The RGB signals ch3

output can be used to drive the CRT.


2

R-Y resistor A R signal


Y resistor B 3

CH1!5.00 V~

Identification CH2!5.00 V~ L=121

CH3!5.00 V= CHP MTB10.0us- 1.08dv ch1p

Component video is usually carried on three lines: Y, R-Y, & B-Y. They B lu e s c r e e n – w a v e fo rm Y U V
can also abbreviated differently, but are the same: N am e L o c a t io n V o lta g e / d iv
C hannel 1 Y D V D o u tp u t 7 .5 V p -p
· Y, U, V
C hannel 2 B -Y D V D o u tp u t 5 V p -p
· Y, Cr, Cb
C hannel 3 R -Y D V D o u tp u t 1 V p -p
· Y, Pr, Pb
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c / d iv
· Y, R-Y, & B-Y.
The Y, Pr, Pb version designates the progressive instead of interlaced For comparison, the following component video waveforms are of a pic-
picture scan format. This TV selects the DVD or HD component video ture on a blue screen. The Y signal contains voltages of various bright-
input from the TV/Video remote button. However, the HD signal must ness levels centered on the screen between the H. sync pulses. The B-Y
have a horizontal frequency of 31 to 34kHz or the screen will remain dark and R-Y signals contain changing color levels in the middle of the screen.
with just an “HD” OSD. Note that by looking at either color signal without the Y signal level, it is
not possible to know where the sync area is. It is therefore difficult for
Waveforms your scope to sync on the R-Y or B-Y signal alone without a reference.
The following is a scope shot of component video signals that makes up a PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

blue screen picture. In the top waveform is the Y signal. It houses the ch1

horizontal sync pulses (the vertical is not seen at this time base, but it is ch2

present in the Y signal). The line between the sync pulses represents the ch3
1

brightness level. The higher the line, the brighter the picture. Therefore,
a voltage at the sync pulse level is black. 2

The middle waveform is the B-Y signal. The area corresponding to the
3

horizontal sync pulse in the Y signal is at 0Vdc. The remainder of the CH1!10.0 V~

voltage minus the Y level is the Blue color level. Since this is a picture of CH2!5.00 V~ L=121

CH3!5.00 V= CHP MTB10.0us- 1.08dv ch1p

a blue screen, the voltage is high.


P ic tu r e c e n te r e d o n B lu e s c r e e n – w a v e f o r m Y s ig
The bottom waveform is the R-Y signal. The area corresponding to the N am e L o c a t io n V o lta g e / d iv
horizontal sync pulse in the Y signal is also at 0Vdc. The red - Y level C hannel 1 Y D V D o u tp u t 7 .5 V p -p
during a blue screen is below 0Vdc. It will be equal to 0Vdc if the Y signal C hannel 2 B -Y D V D o u tp u t 5 V p -p
is subtracted. C hannel 3 R -Y D V D o u tp u t 1 V p -p
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c /d iv
SET-BACK
BOX
VHF/UHF
DIGITAL (DTV) DTV I/O
FOR USE WITH
TV DOLBY DIGITAL KW-34HD1
ANTENNA OUTPUT (DTV TV)
(OPTICAL) ONLY TV
TV/VIDEO
ANT
- VHF AND SETBACK BOX HDTV

- CABLE
RF (ANT)
FOR USE WITH
VIDEO 1
CABLE HD (1080)
INPUT ONLY
VIDEO 2
VIDEO 3
ANALOG HD DVD
TV
INPUT HD
DTV I/O
VHF/UHF FOR USE WITH
KW-34HD1
MENU
(DTV RECEIVER)
Y ONLY

PB S VIDEO
- VIDEO SETTINGS
PR VIDEO AUDIO OUT
VAR/FIX - AUDIO SETTINGS
L
L (MONO)
L
(MONO) - VERTICAL SIZE AND CENTER
AUDIO - CLOSED CAPTION/VERTICAL SHIFT/TILT
R R
R
DVD 1 3 HD
CONTROL S IN OUT

REAR PANEL
KW34HD1 REMOTE CONTROL

INPUTS
HDTV44

24
25
VHF/UHF /Cable Analog Reception
Overall Block
Air or cable selection by the Main Micro is performed at the input antenna
switch (SW). Thereafter the signal path is the same.
There are three main sections in Sony’s model KW34HD1 first generation
High Definition Television (HDTV): VHF/UHF antenna or cable
1. Video Processing Input antenna switch (SW)
2. Deflection Main/sub tuners
3. Power Supply
Video selector
The additional circuit blocks in each section and the external box needed
to receive the off the air UHF, HDTV signals distinguish this High Definition DVD switch
TV from a conventional TV. DTV switch
Video Processing DRC
Because no one HDTV standard has been determined, this first genera- SEL
tion HDTV has the flexibility to accept any of the following inputs: Video processor
S o n y m o d e l K W 3 4 H D 1 in p u t s
RGB Driver
In p u t B lo c k L o c a t io n S ig n a l f o r m a t
V H F /U H F a n te n n a H D T V e x te rn a l b o x RF CRT cathodes
D ig it a l c h a n n e ls 1 - 9 9
Video Inputs 1 – 3
V H F /U H F a n te n n a M a in & S u b T u n e r s RF
A n a lo g c h a n n e ls 2 - 6 9 v ia a n t e n n a s w it c h Composite video from a VCR or satellite (DSB) receiver
C a b le M a in & S u b T u n e r s RF Video selector
C h a n n e ls 1 - 1 2 5 v ia a n t e n n a s w it c h
V id e o 1 – 3 V id e o S e le c t o r S w C o m p o s it e v id e o ;
DVD switch
P h o n o ja c k s L & R c h a n n e l a u d io . DTV switch
DVD D V D S w it c h Y, Pb, Pr
DRC
P h o n o ja c k s L & R c h a n n e l a u d io
HD V id e o P r o c e s s o r Y, Pb, Pr SEL
P h o n o ja c k s L & R c h a n n e l a u d io
Video processor
The signal path for these inputs is shown below: RGB Driver
Digital Input CRT cathodes
VHF/UHF antenna DVD Input
HDTV Box (accepts all 18 DTV formats) DVD switch
Video Processor Þ DTV Sw (twin view or SD picture) DTV switch
ß MID (stores both twin pictures) DRC
RGB Driver Sel (selects twin pix path)
SEL
CRT cathode Video processor Þ RGB Driver Þ CRT
26
27
Video processor Picture tilt and horizontal trapezoid correction
RGB Driver Vertical drive (VD) signals not only feed the vertical deflection stage, but
CRT cathodes also the picture tilt stage that handles trapezoid correction. A controlled
level of vertical sawtooth (VD) signal is used for trapezoid correction. This
HD Input correction signal is mixed with a DC voltage for tilt correction and applied
This input is for an external HDTV (perhaps cable) box that receives and to the N/S coil suspended about the bell of the picture tube by the yoke.
decodes the HDTV to output component video: Y, R-Y, B-Y (also called Y, Focus
Pb, Pr or Y, Cb, Cr, or Y, U, V, depending upon where you are in the world).
The component video path introduces the component video directly into There are two focus circuits used in this TV. The dynamic focus circuit
the video processor block. The scan width of this picture is a function of uses horizontal pulses to correct the left and right side picture focus caused
the horizontal frequency. by the flat screen. The dynamic correction voltage is added into the static
(DC) focus voltage that is applied to the picture tube.
Video processor
The quad focus circuit uses both H & V signals to correct spot shape at
RGB Driver the four corners of the screen. The circuit’s correction voltage is output to
CRT cathodes four “QP” coils mounted on a board surrounding the picture tube’s elec-
tron gun.
Deflection
The deflection control IC develops signals for: Power Supply
= Vertical and horizontal deflection (VD & HD) The power supply consists of:
= Horizontal pincushion (EW) = A small 60Hz standby power supply that supplies standby +5V to the
= Picture tilt & horizontal trapezoid correction (VD) Main Micro.
= Focus (V blk) = A Main Micro IC that controls the power relay as well as the deflection,
Vertical and horizontal deflection video, and audio stages.
The vertical stage is conventional, but the horizontal stage is not. Both the = A degaussing circuit.
horizontal driver and output stages have individual PWM stages that sup- = Two almost identical converter stages. Converter 2 turns on converter
ply regulated B+ voltage to them. The H. output B+ comes from the PWM 1. Different voltages are output from each converter to power the TV.
stage through the flyback. = A protection circuit to detect excessive voltage and excessive current
in various parts of the TV. The protect circuit also monitors vertical
Horizontal Pincushion drive. A failure in the detected areas causes the power ON command
The horizontal pincushion correction stage compensates for a picture that to be removed from AC relay.
is bent inward at the middle of the screen. The E/W correction signal from
the deflection controller is amplified and applied to the yoke at the horizon-
tal output transistor’s collector to correct for insufficient scan.
28
29
The main and sub (Y & C) outputs run parallel paths through similar ICs
Video Block 1 before leaving the A board. The main and sub signals are converted to
component video in Chroma Decoders IC2403 (sub path) and IC2404 (main
Input Formats path). The Y, R-y, B-Y signals are applied to switches IC2405 and IC2406
This direct view 34” model KW34HD1 High Definition TV can accept vari- to enable DVD input selection.
ous formats and present them in a single or double Twin View Ò picture. DVD Input
To perform this, each input signal must be processed into a common for- Switches IC2405 and IC2406 can now select between the processed com-
mat, then selected for viewing. The inputs are: posite video signal and the rear panel DVD input. The DVD signal must
S o n y M o d e l K W 3 4 H D 1 In p u ts also be applied to the sub input line so that it can appear as the second or
In p u t F o rm a t P r o c e s s in g
sub picture in the Twin View mode. Whatever is input on the main picture
N T S C a n a lo g RF D e m o d u la t io n in t o v id e o .
V H F /U H F path is duplicated in the sub path. Switch selection is performed using
V id e o in t o Y & C .
c h a n n e ls 2 - 6 9
Y & C in t o c o m p o n e n t v id e o ( Y ,
serial data from the Main Micro IC3251 (not shown). The switched signal
C b , C r.) is applied to the next switch in both signal paths.
C o m p o n e n t v id e o in t o R G B
DTV Input
C a b le ( a n a lo g ) RF S a m e a s a b o v e e x c e p t d if f e r e n t
c h a n n e ls 1 - 1 2 5 R F f r e q u e n c ie s a r e r e c e iv e d . Switches IC2407 and IC2408 introduce the digital TV from the external
V id e o 1 – 3 C o m p o s it e v id e o V id e o in t o Y & C . setback box. This DTV signal path is used when:
L & R a u d io Y & C in t o c o m p o n e n t v id e o ( Y ,
C b , C r.) · Viewing the HD or SD Digital TV signal as a sub picture (Twin View
C o m p o n e n t v id e o in t o R G B mode); or
DVD C om ponent C o m p o n e n t v id e o in t o R G B . · The DTV signal is of standard definition (525 lines/480 lines viewable)
v id e o
L & R a u d io
and line doubling is required.
HD S am e as above C o m p o n e n t v id e o in t o R G B
When viewing just the single HDTV picture, the DTV signal is applied di-
rectly into the video processor IC3005 (Video Block 3) and does not come
this way (except during Twin View).

Signal Flow A Board Output


The main and sub picture paths leave the A board and are passed through
RF Input
the G board into the digital processing stages on the V board. This signal
The RF signals input to the main and sub tuners are channel selected and routing through the G board is necessary because both the vertical A and
RF demodulated into composite video. The composite video from the V boards plug into the horizontal G board.
tuner is applied to the video Switch IC2006 along with composite videos 1-
3 from the rear and front panel for user selection.
Video Inputs
Video Switch IC2006 selects the video for the main and sub pictures. It
also sends the video through comb filters. The comb filters separate the Ò Sony, Trinitron, and Twin View are registered trademarks of Sony.
composite video into their luminance (Y) and chroma (C) parts.
30
31
Video Switch
Video Process A
Five composite video inputs are applied to video switch IC2006. Serial
data from Main Micro IC3251 (not shown) chooses which input signals
The external video input from the rear panel and internal video from both
take the main and sub picture signal paths. The chosen signals go to their
main and sub tuners is applied to this stage for selection and conversion
respective comb filters. The 3D filter is always kept in the main picture
to (Y, R-y, B-y) component video. The major parts in this early video pro-
path and the glass filter (FL2001) is used in the sub picture path.
cessing are listed below:
The Y & C outputs from both comb filters are returned to IC2006 and
Major Video Processing Components Shown
output again. The main picture path is from pins 31 and 35. The sub video
Name Input Output Purpose path is from switch IC2006/pins 25 and 30 and runs a parallel route to the
Video Switch 2 tuners, Main Y & C Selects main one (Video Block 1) for identical processing.
IC2006 3 video inputs Sub Y & C composite
(similar video
Y & C from 2 Component Video
comb filters processing not Routes to comb
shown) filter Then the Y signal is input the Chroma Decoder. The chroma (C) signal is
also buffered and input to Chroma Decoder IC2404/pin 32. IC2404 uses
Buffers Q2016, 1Vp-p of Y from 1Vp-p of Y to Y buffers
both the Y & C inputs for level conversion to Y, Cr, Cb (component video).
Q2420, Q2422. IC2006/pin 35 IC2406/pin 28
YUV Switch ½ 1Vp-p of Y at 2Vp-p at pin 22 6db amp
IC2406 IC2406/pin 28
Buffers Q2015, 1Vp-p of C 1Vp-p of C to C buffers
Q2421 from IC2404/pin 32
IC2006/pin 31
Chroma Main Y & C at Y = 1Vp-p; Changes Y/C
Decoder pins 34 and 32 Cr, Cb = 0.5Vp- to component
IC2404 Y=2Vp-p, p @ pins 18-20 video
C=1Vp-p
All signal levels were taken using a color bar input.
32
33
DTV Selection
Video Process B
Switch IC2407 chooses between the main and DTV signal for the main
picture path. The DTV signal is chosen only when:
Signal Flow
· Viewing the HD or SD Digital TV signal as a sub picture (Twin View
Input Selection mode) or
Main component video from the Chroma Decoder IC2406 is only one input · The DTV signal is of standard definition (525 lines/480 lines viewable)
into switch IC2406. The second input to IC2406 is DVD component video and line doubling is required.
from the rear panel phono jacks. The DTV path is chosen when IC2407/pin 9-11 is low:
The Main Micro IC3251/pin 78 and 79 sends logic level voltages into IC2406/ IC 2 4 0 7 S e le c t io n

pins 25 and 4/27 for the input selection. The chart shows the switching In p u t s e le c t e d S w s ig n a l IC 2 4 0 7 /p in 9 , 1 0 , 1 1
M a in ( R F , v id e o ) H
voltages for selecting an input:
DTV L
I C 2 4 0 6 S e le c tio n
I n p u t s e le c te d I C 2 4 0 6 /p in 2 5 I C 2 4 0 6 / p in s 4 , 2 7
M a in ( R F , v id e o ) L H The output of the DTV/Main switch IC2407 is buffered and sent through
DVD H L the G board to the V board for digital processing.

Closed Caption
The luminance passes through switch IC2406, which adds closed caption
or XDS station information as an OSD. If the user requests this feature,
this caption information enters IC2406 as an RGB signal from IC2409.
The take off or input signal for the closed caption decoder IC2409 is at the
output of this YUV switch at IC2406/pin 22.

Filtering
When high frequency analog signals are sent into a digital stage, the high
frequency component can create a secondary signal. This second signal
is called an alias component. Alias signals are eliminated by low pass
filtering (LPF) the analog input. That is the purpose of the filter networks at
the output of IC2406.
34
35
The DRC digital circuitry does more than just double the lines, though that
Video Block 2 is the primary objective. There are 525 NTSC interlaced lines input (480
viewable lines) to the DRC and 960i (i = interlaced) lines leaving. It is the
Overview manner in which the extra lines are created that makes the DRC circuit
The V board is fully shielded and contains the digital signal processing. unique. DRC and MID concept explanations are in the pages that follow.
The V board is sandwiched in-between the analog A and B boards. All The main picture signal is input to the MID IC directly. The sub picture
three of these boards plug into the horizontal G board. The V board has signal is converted to a digital signal by A/D Converter IC607 before be-
the following inputs and outputs: coming the other input for the MID IC.
V B o a r d S ig n a l P r o c e s s in g The MID digital circuitry reduces this sub and the main picture to fit on the
In p u t ( Y , C r, C b ) O u tp u t ( Y , C r, C b ) P u rp o s e screen at the same time. This coexistence feature is called Twin View.
M a in S ig n a l D R C p ro c e s s e d S im u la t e s a 9 6 0 - lin e The analog output of the MID IC is low pass filtered by filter 1 to reduce D/
C N 5 0 3 / p in s 7 , 9 , 1 1 m a in p ic t u r e o r M ID p ic tu r e fr o m a n a c t iv e
IC 5 0 6 p r o c e s s e d 4 8 0 lin e N T S C in p u t A converter noise. Filter 2 is selected in the Japanese version of this TV
S u b S ig n a l tw in v ie w p ic tu r e . s ig n a l. set when there is a computer signal input to that version. In the USA TV,
C N 5 0 3 / p in s 1 , 3 , 5 S e le c t s o n e (m a in ) o r IC519 is never toggled from the position shown.
tw o s im u lt a n e o u s ( T w in
V ie w ) p ic tu r e s . Either the main or the Twin View picture is selected by IC528 and this
resultant signal is sent to the next (B) board.

Signal Flow
The main picture signal is applied to both the DRC and MID digital circuitry
for processing:
D ig ita l C ir c u itr y
N am e P u rp o s e
D R C – D ig ita l R e a lit y C r e a t io n D o u b le s s c a n n in g lin e s a n d p ix e ls
a ft e r m a s s iv e p r e s e n t a n d p r e v io u s
lin e in f o r m a tio n a n a ly s is .
M I D – M u lti I m a g e D r iv e r A c c e p ts b o th 4 8 0 - o r /a n d 9 6 0 - lin e
c o m p o n e n t v id e o im a g e s ( m a in / s u b )
a n d c o n v e rts th e m in to a t w in
p ic tu r e .
36
37

DRC - Digital Reality Creation


Another picture quality issue has been with us since the dawn of televi- Over the years, the 480i system has worked remarkably well. But with
sion. Deeply ingrained in our television system is the question of visible only 240 lines on-screen at any one time, the scanning lines can become
scanning lines. painfully obvious, particularly when you’re sitting close to a large-screen
display.
All about scanning lines
A television picture is “painted” across the CRT screen by an electron Problem: Visual scanning lines
beam that scans on a horizontal line from left to right. Once the beam Originally, television engineers designed the NTSC system so that the
reaches the ridge edge, it shuts off and returns to the left edge to start picture would appear seamless when viewed from a distance of 8 times
another line. All told, there are some 525 scanning lines in the American the picture height. This worked well in an era when the biggest commer-
NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) television system, and cially available screens were 12 inches diagonal. But in today’s big-screen
they create a new television picture or “frame” some 30 times a second. era, viewers tend to set far closer to their televisions in order to get wrapped
up in the action. Under these conditions, the scanning lines become
blatantly visible.

One solution: Line doublers


Demanding home theater enthusiasts, videophiles and video profession-
als have long sought a cure for this problem. One solution is to double
In reality, you don’t see the full 525 lines on the screen. Over 40 lines are the number of scanning lines with a circuit called a line doubler. Sony has
consumed by the Vertical Blanking interval. This leaves roughly 480 lines been an active supplier of line doublers, particularly for professional video
for the actual picture. And you don’t even see the 480 lines all at once. projectors.
Each video frame is divided into two “fields”, which last for 1/60th of a
second. The first field is composed of all the odd-numbered lines (1, 3, 5
and so on). The second field “fills in” with the even-numbered lines. This
technique of alternating odd and even fields is called “interlacing.” The
NTSC system is often referred to as “525/60” (for 525 total scanning lines
and 60 fields per second). It is also called “480I” (for 480 net scanning
lines, interlaced).
Many line doublers attempt to de-interlace the 480i NTSC signal, display- A new solution: DRC
ing both fields simultaneously in a 480-line “progressive” scan. Progres- Sony’s new Digital Reality Creation (DRC) circuitry is an all-new approach
sive scanning combines the separate fields of odd-numbered lines and to the problem of visible scanning lines. Not only does DRC create a
even-numbered lines. Progressive scanning displays every line in a frame clearer picture by doubling the number of active scanning lines – it also
in numeric sequence – line 1, 2, 3, 4 and so on up to line 480. Progres- doubles the number of pixels on each scanning line. You get four times
sive scan plays a central role in computer displays – where it helps to the picture density of standard 480i, making this a significant step toward
make text more legible. Line doublers turn interlaced 480i signals into a the picture quality of true High Definition TV (HDTV).
progressive 480P.

This concept works perfectly for still images, because the two fields match
up completely. But on moving images, the even field is captured 1/60th
second later than the odd field. So a car traveling on the screen has
driven 1/60th second further down the street. And a baseball player has
slid 1/60th second closer to home plate. For this reason, line-doublers
require elaborate motion-detection, motion-compensation and memory
circuits. This can get expensive, with the better line doublers costing $2,500
or more.

How it works
The new DRC circuit is based upon a massive analysis of over tens of
thousands of High Definition TV picture patterns. Because there is a
fixed relationship between NTSC patterns and their HDTV equivalents,
Sony’s exclusive microprocessor can simply replace the NTSC signal with
its correct DRC counterpart. In operation, the DRC circuit accepts a digi-
tally sampled 13.5 M H z input and generates a quadrupled 54.0 MHz
digital output.

38
39
Moreover, with DRC, each field is processed separately, so there’s never What it all means
a need to compensate for motion between two fields. And while the dou- Digital Reality Creation circuitry greatly enhances the television viewing
blers typically produce a scan of 480P, the DRC circuit produces a higher experience. Now you can sit up close to the screen, immersing yourself
line rate, 960i, for even greater image density. in the magic of home entertainment – and still not be bothered by visible
scanning lines. Pictures appear denser and more seamless. And in the
coming world of Digital TV (DTV) broadcasting, televisions with Digital
Realty Creation circuitry will narrow the perceived gap among NTSC ana-
log sources, standard definition digital and full High Definition digital video.

Line doubling DRC doubles


improves vertical density both vertical and
horizontal density
NOTES

40
41

MID - Multi Image Driver

The world of NTSC has been a simple world. The 480i video cameras Sony’s solution
give their signals to 480i video recorders, 480i production switchers, 480i Sony’s new Multi-Image Driver (MID) circuitry contains a special “Twin-
broadcasting, 480i videocassettes, 480i videodiscs and ultimately 480i View” function that can display either a High Definition or a Standard Defi-
home television receivers. This world is comfortable and compatible, but nition video signal together with any VGA source. This is a proprietary
it’s already rapidly changing. integrated circuit based on company expertise in broadcast-quality Digital
Multi Effects systems. Some (but not all) Sony televisions with MID will
A blossoming range of image standards enable viewers to combine two different signal formats on the same screen.
Unlike entertainment-oriented television, computers have long used pro- MID works by converting both signals to VGA (480P) display. Supported
gressive scanning to maximize the legibility of on-screen text. For ex- signal combinations include:
ample, the popular VGA computer standard uses progressive scanning · NTSC + NTSC
640 h x 480 V pixels. In video terms, that’s 480P. · NTSC + HD
· VGA + NTSC
Digital Television (DTV) broadcasting embraces both interlace scanning · VGA + HD
and progressive scanning. A convergence technology is needed to link
the two previously separate worlds of entertainment and information.
In the digital future, the unique capabilities of the Multi-Image Driver cir- · New Favorite Channel. Automatically shows your eight favorites or
cuitry will open up unprecedented applications. You’ll use Picture-in-Pic- the last eight channels you’ve watched.
ture with High Definition, standard definition and NTSC sources. You’ll be
able to watch a movie in High Definition, while you visit a website to learn · New Freeze Mode. Lets you freeze a broadcast screen to write
more about how that movie was produced. And you’ll be able to see both down a telephone number or website URL while the program contin-
images with exceptional quality and highly advanced Picture-in-Picture ues as a side-by-side TwinView picture.
functionality.

Sony’s Multi-image Driver bridges the gap between computing and television. You can surf the
net at VGA resolution while you watch High Definition TV on the same screen.

A new generation of PIP functionality


Multi-Image Driver circuitry also delivers powerful picture-in picture ad-
vantages, such as:

· Flexible Twin-ViewTM Function. Not only can you view two images
side-by-side, but you can continuously expand either picture, up to
two times its normal size.

42
43
T w in V i e w P i c t u r e M a in S i g n a l P a t h
Video Process C C om ponent In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e
B u ffe rs M a in I C 5 0 9 / p in s : S u p p li e s s u f f ic i e n t
tr a n s is to r s com ponent 7 7 ( Y ) = 2 .3 V p - p c u r r e n t to d r iv e t h e
The V board is the second board (of four) in the video processing chain. Q 5 7 2 -Q 5 7 4 v id e o in p u t n e x t in p u t s ta g e .
7 6 (C b ) = 1 V p -p
Its purpose is to take the main component video and either reduce the C N 5 0 3 / p in s 7 ,
9, 11. 7 1 (C r) = 1 V p -p
number of scanning lines for a Twin View picture or double the number of
M u lt i Im a g e C om ponent C o m b i n e d m a in R e d u c e s m a in &
lines for a picture that will simulate that of an HDTV picture. The signal D r iv e r v id e o f r o m : a n d s u b p ic tu r e s u b p ic t u r e s iz e .
path is dependent upon whether a single or twin picture is called for. IC 5 0 6
♦ M a in p a th - in o n e S t o r e s r e m a i n in g
B u ffe r com ponent i n f o in e x t e r n a l
Single Picture tr a n s is to r s . v id e o o u t p u t –
p in s 7 1 , 7 6 , 7 7 .
m e m o r ie s .
C o m b in e s b o t h
♦ S u b P a th – p ic tu r e s in to o n e
The single picture main signal path is through the Digital Reality Creation IC 6 0 7 o u tp u t ( T w in V ie w )
circuitry. The output is component video that is selected by switch IC528 p ic tu r e .
to feed the Video Processor IC on the next (B) board. F il t e r s T w in V i e w T w in V i e w R educes
FL604- C om ponent C om ponent r e m a in i n g d ig i t a l
S in g le P ic t u r e M a in S ig n a l P a t h FL606 v id e o v id e o n o is e .
F il t e r s T w in V i e w T w in V i e w N o t u s e d in U S A
C om ponent In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e
FL608 & C om ponent C om ponent m o d e l.
DRC M a in c o m p o n e n t S in g le lin e s d o u b le d FL607 c o lo r ( C r , C b ) c o lo r ( C r , C b )
P r o c e s s in g v id e o in p u t ( m a in ) 480i to 960i S w it c h T w in V i e w T w in V i e w S w it c h r e m a in s in
C N 5 0 3 / p in s 7 , 9 , p ic t u r e lin e s IC 5 1 9 C om ponent C om ponent t h e f i x e d p o s it io n
11. v id e o p in s 1 , 5 , v id e o s h o w n (U S A
S w it c h I C 5 2 8 T w in p ic t u r e C om ponent S e le c t s s in g le 13. m o d e l) .
v id e o o r d o u b le ( t w in ) C om ponent
S in g le ( m a in )
p ic t u r e c o l o r p in s 2 ,
p ic t u r e 12.
B u ffe rs Q 5 6 4 – C o m p o n e n t v id e o C om ponent C u rre n t S w it c h T w in p ic t u r e C om ponent S e le c t s :
Q 566 v id e o a m p lif ie r s IC 5 2 8 v id e o .
S in g l e ( m a i n ) s i n g le o r d o u b le
p ic tu r e Y = .8 V p -p , ( t w in ) p i c t u r e
C r/C b = .5 V p -p
Twin View Picture
When Twin View is selected, the main picture path is through the MID IC.
This IC uses two external memories (IC501 and IC502) to hold the infor-
mation from each picture. When the information is needed, this can be
selected at the right time to produce two pictures on the screen simulta-
neously. The second picture comes from the sub picture information in-
put at IC506/pins 11-23.
44
45
RGB Video
Video Block 3
The RGB Video Processor signal outputs (pins 35, 37 and 39) are ampli-
fied and inverted by the three Video Output ICs IC9001-3. Then they are
Video Processor IC3005 Inputs applied to the picture tube’s cathodes to control electron intensity.
There are several inputs to the Video Processor IC3005. The most impor- Automatic Cathode Balance (AKB) Circuit
tant inputs are:
The purpose of the AKB circuit (also known as the IK circuit) is to adjust
= Two identical HDTV component video signals from the set-back box the level of the R, G or B drive signal to compensate for picture tube aging.
are input (# 4 and 5). The current drawn by the CRT cathodes is sampled and output pin 5 of
= The RF, DVD or Twin View video component video is input (# 1).
each output IC. The outputs are multiplexed, buffered and AC coupled
= OSD for menu or channel numbers (RGB) – OSD input.
(C3072) to the Video Processor IC3005/pin 41 for analysis. The RGB lev-
= IK signal is returned from the CRT cathodes for RGB beam current
els are adjusted to compensate for a weak cathode.
balance.
The HDTV or main line video input is selected by serial data from the Main The AKB circuit starts in IC3005 at turn on by outputting a one-line pulse to
Micro (not shown). IC3005 converts the component video selected into each cathode (from RGB, pins 35, 37 and 39). These three pulses occur
RGB. After the video is converted to RGB format, the OSD information on different lines and in the blanking area (above the picture) so they are
(also RGB format) is inserted. never seen. The three drive pulses are output when the video processor
IC3005 receives Vcc.
The closed caption is usually introduced with the OSD signal at this point.
However, in this set it is introduced earlier in the video chain (Video Pro- While the picture remains blanked, CRT drive current from these pulses
cess 1) so both twin pictures will have their own closed caption informa- produces a corresponding voltage pulse at pin 5 of each video output IC.
tion. The three pulses are combined and buffered. These pulses are called the
AKB signal and their amplitudes represent the potency of each cathode.
The three pulses are returned to IC3005/pin 41 for analysis and drive sig-
Video Processor IC3005 Outputs nal adjustment. The drive output for example will be boosted to compen-
The signal outputs are: sate for a reduced cathode output so the colors appear equal in perfor-
mance. This is why this AKB circuit is commonly called a white balance
= RGB video output signal is sent to the CRT cathodes (pins 35, 37 and
circuit.
39)
= IK pulses that output the RGB signal lines are used to white balance A loss in a picture tube cathode results in this AKB circuit’s inability to
the picture (pins 35, 37 and 39) balance. However, once the cathode emission is out of operating range,
= DTV’s component video signal (from the external set-back box) is re- the AKB circuit will not blank the picture like previous AKB circuits. The
turned to earlier stages (Video Block 1) for: front panel standby light will blink five times, pause and repeat, indicating a
· A twin View picture (pins 76-78); or white balance adjustment failure. The standby light will blink with the TV
· Line doubling if the setback box is receiving a DTV standard defini- on or off. The circuit is reset when the TV is unplugged, but the light will
tion picture of 525 lines (480 lines viewable). blink again if the problem persists.
46
47

Video Process D Automatic Cathode Balancing (AKB) Circuitry


The purpose of the AKB circuit (also known as the IK circuit) is to adjust
The B board contains the Video Processor IC3005 and the Main Micro (not the level of R, G or B drive signal to compensate for picture tube aging.
shown). The Main Micro controls the video processor, TV power and inter- The AKB circuit starts in IC3005 at turn on by outputting a one-line pulse to
faces with the user. The Video Processor: each cathode (from RGB pins 35, 37 and 39). These three pulses occur
on different lines and in the blanking area (above the picture) so they are
1. Selects component video to be input
never seen. The three drive pulses are output as long as the video pro-
2. Converts component video into RGB voltage for the picture tube
cessor IC3005 receives Vcc (supply voltage).
3. Monitors picture tube cathode current to adjust RGB drive level (IK,
AKB, or white balance circuitry) While the picture remains blanked, CRT drive current from these pulses
4. Adds on screen display (explained in another section) produces a corresponding voltage pulse at each video output IC. Although
The first two functions are part of the video processing. The third function these three AKB pulses are combined and buffered, their individual ampli-
is the automatic cathode balance circuit. It has changed dramatically in tudes represent the potency of each cathode.
this set for ease of servicing. The fourth is for user information such as The three pulses are returned to IC3005/pin 41 to charge their respective
menus. capacitors at pins 36, 38 and 40. The average charge is used for analysis
and drive signal adjustment. For example, a drive output will be boosted to
Video Processing
compensate for a reduced cathode output so the colors appear equal in
Several inputs are available for selection by the Video Processor IC3005. performance. This is why this AKB circuit is commonly called a white
The selection is based upon serial data from the Main Micro IC3251/pins balance circuit.
28 and 31 into IC3005/pins 55-56. The inputs are outlined below:
A picture tube cathode loss results in this circuit’s inability to balance.
IC3005 Input Selection However, once the cathode emission is out of operating range, the AKB
Input Operating Mode circuit will not blank the picture like previous AKB circuits. The standby
light will blink five times, pause and repeat, indicating a white balance ad-
DTV from set-back box at pins Main Micro has instructed the set-
justment failure. The standby light will blink with the TV on or off. The
13-23. back box to tune to a UHF channel
and output that channel as circuit is reset when the TV is unplugged, but the light will blink again if the
Pins 13-17 contain identical problem persists.
information as pins 19-23. component video (Y, R-Y, B-Y).
The voltages measured at the three capacitors of this sample TV repre-
Single or Twin View picture Either VHF TV, UHF TV, cable TV, sent the efficacy of the cathodes. For example, when the red cathode is
information from the V board Video, or DVD has been chosen disabled, its capacitor voltage rises (see bold).
into pins 65-69 from the remote control.
Rear panel HD (1080i) HD is selected from the TV/Video IK Capacitor Voltages
component video remote control button. IC3005/pin Normal R drive shorted CN9001/pin 1 = gnd
OSD (see the OSD diagram) When menu or display is pressed. 36. Red IK voltage 5.6V 6.8V (abnormal)
38. Green IK voltage 5.9V 4.8V
Once the input is chosen by IC3005, this video is internally matrixed into
individual RGB levels. They output IC3005/pins 35, 37 and 39 for the pic- 40. Blue IK voltage 5.6V 5.5V
ture tube (cathodes).
48
49
Character Insertion
On Screen Display
To make the display appear clean, the active video is blanked for that mo-
ment while the character is inserted into the scan. The YS signal from
OSD Components IC3251/pin 21 requests that IC3005/pin 49 perform this full blanking func-
The on screen display circuitry consist of the following major parts: tion. When YS goes high, Q3254 is turned on to place +5V into the video
O n S c r e e n D is p la y P a r t s processor IC3005/pin 49. The active video is blanked and the OSD char-
P a rts In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e acter is enabled.
IC 3 2 5 1 V e r t ic a l s y n c R ,G ,B c h a ra c te rs G e n e ra te When the menu is called for, the characters are placed on a lower ½
M a in – p in 9 5 p u ls e s fr o m p in s 3 2 - c h a r a c te r
M ic r o 34. p u ls e s . brightness mat. A wide window pulse from IC3251/pin 22 creates this
H o r iz o n t a l
s y n c – p in 9 7 Y s – F u ll b la n k in g G e n e ra te mat. The 4-volt Ym signal output is reduced to 2V at the video processor
R e m o te p u ls e c h a r a c te r input IC3005/pin 49. When this window pulse is high internally, the active
w in d o w p u ls e
c o n t r o l in p u t – Y m – ½ b la n k in g video is reduced in intensity to create the video mat, as well as enable the
p in 7 m ix in g p u ls e
OSD signals on the TV screen.
IC 3 0 0 5 RGB R , G , B d r iv e o u t p u t t o M ix o r r e p la c e
V id e o c h a r a c t e r in f o C R T c a th o d e s a c t iv e v id e o
P ro c e s s o r – p in s 5 0 - 5 2 w it h c h a r a c t e r s .

OSD Operation
Character Manufacture
The on screen display circuitry within Main Micro IC3251 places channel
numbers and menu information on the TV screen. To perform this it needs
to identify the picture tube’s beam location by using vertical and horizontal
deflection (not station sync) signals. These signals are shaped into 5Vp-
p pulses which are input to IC3251/pins 95 and 97. Without either signal
there would be no OSD.
Main Micro IC3251 provides a visual indication of the user command. To
perform this characters are output as pulses on the respective Or, Og and
Ob outputs.
50
51

Video Process E IK Output Circuitry


The picture tube’s cathode current flows through the video output ICs. A
The video output stage has only two functions: sample of that current is output from each IC at pin 5. The three IC outputs
(one for each color) are connected in parallel. This way all three IK signals
1. Amplify the video signal to sufficient levels to drive the picture tube;
can be returned to the video processor on one input at CN9001/pin 8.
and
2. Combine the IK pulses and return them to the AKB circuit on the B The three IK pulses are located in the vertical blanking area just before the
board. first scanning lines at lines 17, 18 and 19. It is difficult to determine if all
three pulses are present at CN9001/pin 8 because they are so small. You
can see them with an oscilloscope if you trigger to the larger IK drive pulse
Video Signal Amplification from the R, G or B output at CN9001/pins 1, 3 or 5. They are located in the
The chart below shows the red drive levels with a color bar signal input to vertical blanking area of the waveform after the vertical sync pulse,
video 1 jack.
R e d D r iv e S ig n a l L e v e ls
Nam e L o c a t io n V p -p *
V id e o I n p u t C N 9 0 0 1 / p in 1 2 V p -p
V id e o O u t p u t I C 9 0 0 1 / p in 8 1 7 0 V p -p
R e d IK o u tp u t I C 9 0 0 1 / p in 5 1 0 V p -p
C o m m o n IK re tu rn Q 9 0 0 1 / E m it t e r 3 V p -p
* Noise in not included in the peak to peak measurement.

D C V o lt a g e s
C N 9 0 0 1 /p in 1 b o a r d in p u t 4 .5 V
I C 9 0 0 1 /p in 3 I C in p u t 3 .6 V
I C 9 0 0 1 /p in 8 I C o u t p u t 144V
I C 9 0 0 1 /p in 5 I K o u tp u t 9 .0 5 V

The red video signal from the video processor is input to the C board and
buffered by Q9009. The output is applied to the video output IC. This
voltage amplifies the input to drive the picture tube.
52
53
G2 Path
Screen Voltage Control
The current path from CN9002/pin 1 to ground is:
In other TV sets the picture tube’s G2 screen control was either: 1. R9055, R9085, R9067, R9084
2. Q9014
1. Part of the FBT assembly where a single lead was brought to the pic-
3. Q9012
ture tube’s C board; or
4. R9081
2. There was a special high resistance, high voltage potentiometer on
Both Q9014 and Q9012 transistors are biased on, completing the current
the C board that permitted adjustment of the screen voltage.
path to ground.
In this set the screen control utilizes three transistors and a small ¼ watt
standard potentiometer for control of the final 400 to 600 volt G2 voltage. The picture tube’s G2 voltage is taken at the junction of the resistors and
The configuration is difficult to understand the way it is drawn in the ser- Q9014. Consequently, a change in the transistor’s conductance will
vice manual so it has been redrawn here for clarification. change the G2 voltage, permitting control.
Transistor Q9012 is used for G2 voltage control and regulation. Q9012’s
conduction is set by the screen control RV9002 at its base. This sets the
Circuit Operation picture tube’s screen voltage. If Q9012 conducts harder, the G2 voltage is
This stage has several major parts: reduced and the picture is darker.
Screen Control Major Components Q9012 is also used for regulation. Some of the G2 voltage is sampled by
Parts Purpose R9067 and applied to the base of Q9012. An increase in G2 voltage will
R9055, R9085, Reduce FBT source voltage and current for cause Q9012 to conduct harder, decreasing the G2 voltage to its nominal
R9067, R9084 control (series dropping resistors). Many value.
resistors are used to prevent HV arcing.
Q9014 Active resistor (biased with +12V at its base).
Q9008 Prebiases the emitter of Q9012 at 4.8 volts. Video Mute
Q9012 Active resistor and regulator. Q9012 At TV turn ON, the G2 voltage is lowered so the picture is blanked. This is
conduction is set by screen control RV9002 controlled by the main micro IC3251 and performed by Q9002. Q9002 is
and a sample of the screen voltage. also in parallel with Q9008. Therefore, when Q9002 is turned ON for three
Q9002 Turns ON mute. Remains ON for three seconds at turn ON, the G2 voltage drops to darken the screen.
seconds each time the TV is turned ON.

G2 Control Range
G2 Voltage Source
The normal effects of a misadjusted G2 control are:
The pulse from the horizontal output transistor’s collector is rectified by
D4022 so it appears at CN9002/pin 1 on the C board as approximately CW from the back = Picture reduces in brightness, but does not black out.
1000 volts DC. This voltage is applied to a voltage divider consisting of CCW from the back = In the 4:3 aspect ratio picture, left and right borders
resistors and transistors to reduce and control the voltage before it is ap- appear as the screen gets brighter. Retrace lines then appear and the TV
plied to the picture tube’s G2 grid. shuts down.
54
55

Power Supply Block


The power supply consists of several stages. Except for the standby power
supply, the Main Micro IC3251 controls the operational sequence of the
remaining stages. The stages are listed in the order of operation:
• Standby Power supply
• Power ON stage
• Picture tube Degaussing
• Converter 2 stage
Waveform PSblk - Power Sequence
• Converter 1 stage
Channel 1 - AC relay output of Main micro IC3251
• Protection stage
Channel 2 - Main relay output of Main micro IC3251
Standby Power Supply Channel 3 - DG output of Main micro IC3251 to RY5503
This stage is active as long as the TV is connected to AC. Therefore it All waveforms are 5Vp-p; time base = 2 sec/div
always supplies standby +12 volts and standby +5 volts.
This degaussing stage is powered with 60Hz AC immediately after the AC
Standby +12 volts is applied to the master power switch which is routed to relay is energized. The heavy current that passes through the two low
the AC relay’s coil when the switch is pressed (latched ON). The +5 volts resistance degaussing coils also passes through the negative tempera-
powers the Main Micro IC3251 and infrared receiver so they can detect a ture coefficient thermistors. As these thermistors heat up from the cur-
power ON command. rent flow, their resistance increases until the coil current and magnetic
Power ON field is negligible, concluding degaussing. As a precaution, the degauss-
When a power ON command is received by the Main Micro IC3251, it first ing coil relay is de-energized 9.5 seconds after being powered.
powers the AC relay RY5501. RY5501 feeds the converter 2 circuitry. It Converter 2 Stage
then powers the Degaussing coil relay RY5503 and the converter 1 stage. Converter 1 and converter 2 stages are similar. Their only differences are
It is the converter 1 stage that makes +135Vdc for high voltage develop- how they first power up and what voltages they deliver to the TV.
ment.
After the AC power relay is energized, Converter 2 gets a kick-start volt-
Picture Tube Degaussing age from Q5005. R5073 limits the amount of current through Q5005 to
Degaussing is a common method color TV manufacturers use to elimi- start converter 2’s oscillator. Once the converter is running, one output
nate residual magnetism in the picture tube. The residual magnetism in (D5037) sustains the Vdd operating voltage. The higher converter voltage
the picture tube acts as a magnet, causing the electron beam to be pulled reverse biases the kick-start diode D5014, blocking the start voltage from
away from its target. AC current applied to the degaussing coil creates an transistor Q5005.
alternating magnetic field to disorient the tube’s residual magnetism, as- Regulation for the converter 2 stage is accomplished by sampling the +5
suring proper beam landing and color purity. volt output and returning it to the oscillator. The sample voltage causes a
converter oscillator frequency change, which results in the voltage correc-
tion.
56
57

Converter 1 Stage
After the Main Micro turns on both the AC and degaussing coil relays, the
Main Relay output (ch 2) turns ON Converter 1 using switch Q5007. How-
ever, Q5007 acts like an AND gate, requiring a second input before con-
verter 1 is turned ON. This second input is a voltage that comes from
converter 2 (D5037). Therefore, converter 2 must be ON before con-
verter 1 can come to life.
Regulation is performed using a sample of the +135Vdc that is output. An
error voltage changes the converter’s oscillator frequency, which corrects
the +135Vdc.
Protection Stage
The protection stage has many inputs (see the Overall Protection Block
diagram). When a problem is detected, this circuit latches the Main Micro’s
power ON output to ground so the AC relay (and TV) shuts off. Turning off
the TV from the remote or front panel resets the latch.

The protection circuit monitors the following items and shuts the TV off if
there is a problem:
= Vertical deflection loss
= +5V OCP
= +135V OCP
= +135V OVP
= +15V OVP
= Driver supply voltage OVP
= H. Output OVP
= H. Output OCP
= FBT Output OVP
= H Centering IC4003 OCP
58
59
The standby transformer T5503 and bridge rectifier D5502 apply approxi-
Standby Power mately +23 volts to +12 and +5 volt regulators. The standby +5Vdc goes
to the infrared remote control receiver and the Main Micro IC3521.
Overview The standby +12 volts sent to the H1 board is applied to the Master Power
When this TV is plugged into AC, the standby power supply stage be- switch. As long as this power switch is latched ON, +12 volts is returned
comes active and outputs standby +12 volts and standby +5 volts. The to the high end of the AC relay coil RY5501.
+12 volts are applied to the master power switch, which is routed to the
AC relay’s coil when the switch is pressed (latched ON). The +5 volt
powers the Main Micro IC3251 and infrared receiver so they can detect a The output of standby transformer T5503 is also applied to the full wave
power ON command. rectifiers D5503 and D5504. The output is connected to the Main Micro
IC3521 to detect an AC loss. This provides enough time for the Main Micro
Circuitry to save user settings into memory and cause audio and video muting just
There are several components that condition the AC input before reaching before a complete power loss.
the 60 Hz. standby transformer T5503:
AC Line Input Parts
Number Purpose
VR5501 Suppresses incom ing narrow voltage spikes by
reducing resistance when a high voltage threshold is
reached.
T5501, T5502 Com m on m ode rejection transform ers to cancel out
of phase AC input or TV output noise.

R5518 Surge lim iting resistor .


60
61

Converter 2 Output
MOSFETs
12Vp-p drive
signals from
150Vp-p
square wave
Q5012 & IC5003/pins 1 63.4kHz @
Converter 1 and Converter 2 stages are similar. The only differences are Q5013 and 7.
how they first power up and what voltages they deliver to the TV. Q5012/Source

After the AC power relay is energized, Converter 2 receives a kick-start Transformer 286Vp-p rough Multiple Ground isolation.
T5003 sine wave @ secondary Provide various
voltage from Q5005. R5073 limits the amount of current through Q5005
T5003/pin 8 voltages TV voltages.
to start Converter 2’s oscillator. Once the converter is running, one output
voltage line (D5037) sustains the Vb operating voltage. The higher con- IC5008, +5V source Reduction of Converter 2
verter voltage reverse biases the kick-start diode D5014, blocking the kick- PH5003, from D5041. voltages at regulation using
start voltage from transistor Q5005. D5024, IC5004/pins 1 +5V output as
D5030 and 6. fdbk.
Converter Operation Sequence
There are several parts to the converter stage. They are listed in the order Kick Start
of operation: When switched AC is applied to D5514, unregulated +164V is applied to
Converter Stage Parts the converter MOSFETS Q5012 in Converter 2 and Q5005. Kick-start
transistor Q5005 regulates this voltage to +12 using zener D5018. Q5005
Name / Major Inputs Output Purpose is current limited by a low wattage R5073 at its collector. Q5005 is not
Components designed to run continuously.
Kick start Current limited +12V through Starts the IC5004
Oscillator/Driver/Output
Q5005 +164V from blocking converter
R5073 D5014 to oscillator and When IC5004 receives this start voltage at pin 12, its internal oscillator
IC5004/pin 12 supply IC5003. runs and a square wave is output to driver IC5003. IC5003 provides suffi-
Driver/Osc Vcc - pin 12 Out of phase Oscillator cient current to drive the two output MOSFETs, Q5012 and Q5013. These
Control 63.4kHz MOSFETs feed Converter 2’s T5003, which outputs various TV operating
Freq. control - Freq. control voltages.
IC5004 pin 6 square wave –
pins 9 and 10 Driver
Kick-start Cutoff
Amplifier / Logic supply Gate drive Outputs in phase One output from T5003/pin 10 is rectified and feeds +13 volts back to
Driver voltage – pin 9. output – pins 7 with inputs. power the converter logic IC5003/pins 3 and 9 and IC5004/pin 12. The
IC5003 Output supply and 1. Level shifting for higher voltage also back biases D5014, shutting off the initial kick-start
voltage – pins 3 top MOSFET supply voltage from Q5505/emitter.
and 6. Q5012. The waveforms show the input (ch 1) and outputs at Driver IC5003 (ch 2
Complementary and 3). The waveforms were taken with a scope connected to hot ground
inputs 12Vp-p – and the TV connected to an isolation transformer.
pins 10 and 12.
62
63

ch1
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

Regulation Effects
1

ch2
+5V @ IC5008/pin PH5003/pin Oscillator +5V
ch3
2
T

D5041 4 4 frequency corrective


Output
ch4

CH1!20.0 V=

CH2! 100 V=

CH3!10.0 V= STOP

CH4!50.0 V= ALT MTB5.00us- 1.06dv ch2-


4

Waveform Conv – IC5003 In/Out


Name Location Voltage/div
Effects of increased AC line voltage on Converter 2
Channel 1 Input drive IC5003/pin 10 12Vp-p
AC input PH5003/pin 4 Oscillator frequency
Channel 2 High drive Q5012/gate 160Vp-p
100V 3.2V 56.2kHz
Channel 3 Low drive Q5013/gate 12Vp-p
120V 3V 63.54kHz
Channel 4 Output Q5013/drain 150Vp-p
130V 2.91V 68.57kHz
Time base 5usec/div

Regulation Power OFF Detector


+5V is returned to the oscillator stage for regulation. The +5V output is Q5015, Q5010, Q5011 and D5021 are the major parts that comprise the
applied to error regulator IC5008/pin 1. Internally the +5V input is com- power off detector. When the AC relay is turned OFF, this circuit detects
pared to a reference and its difference (error) is output from IC5008/pin 4 a loss of +164V and grounds PH5003/pin 4. This increases the oscillator
to PH5003/pin 2. This photocoupler couples the error voltage signal from frequency, which decreases the Converter 2 output voltages during power
the cold to hot ground into IC5004/pins 1 and 6. loss. The connection to Converter 1 from this stage performs the same
function, but is not shown.
At IC5004, an increase in control voltage results in a decrease in oscillator
frequency. The oscillator signal is amplified by IC5003, Q5012, and Q5013
and is applied to a LC circuit consisting mainly of C5040/T5003. The
oscillator frequency is positioned above (higher than) the resonate fre-
quency of C5040/T5003. Therefore, an increase in the oscillating frequency
results in a reduced output from the T5003 transformer (L). Conversely, a
decrease in oscillator frequency results in a higher secondary voltage.
64
65

Troubleshooting
Possible Converter Symptoms/Causes
Symptom Cause Reason
Dead set MOSFET Output failure. Only one or both
F5001 open. converters is/are
dead.
Kick start R5073 burnt.
D5028 shorted
Conv 2 failure.
Relays click Loss of top or bottom drive Vertical stage not
and stop. signal: working because
Timer light a) No Top drive – D5026 the horizontal FBT
blinks 4 times shorted, Q5012 open, IC5003 voltages are not
(vertical Vb positive bias voltage (pin present, caused by
failure). 6) missing from D5029. insufficient voltage
from Converters 1
b) No Bottom drive – D5032, or 2.
bootstrap cap C5039 or
D5031 leaky/shorted, Q5013
open.

IC5003 Normal DC Operating Voltages @ Pins


1 5 6 7 9 10 12
+5.4V -5.8V -3.1V -5.4V +12V +5.5V +5.4V
66
67
S ta n d b y L ig h t In d ic a tio n
Overall Protection Block # tim e s S h u td o w n c a u s e / P o s s ib le d e fe c tiv e c ir c u it
lig h t S y m p to m
b lin k s
Protection 2 B + O C P / T V S h u td o w n H o riz o n ta l d riv e r, h o r iz o n ta l
The protection circuitry on the G and D boards monitor the following o u tp u t, F B T , o r P W M .
D y n a m ic fo c u s c irc u it &
items and shuts the TV off if there is a problem: P in c u s h io n c o r re c tio n c irc u it.
G Board: 3 B + O V P / T V S h u td o w n C o n v e rte r 1 :

= Vertical deflection loss (self diagnostics - light indication) • re g u la tio n fa ilu re

= +5V OCP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) • o s c illa to r o ff fre q u e n c y


4 S e ria l D a ta s h u td o w n V e rtic a l fa ilu re
= +5V OVP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) in s tr u c tio n fr o m D e fle c tio n H o riz o n ta l s c a n (F B T ) d e riv e d
= +135V OCP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) C o n tr o l IC 1 3 0 5 to M a in v o lta g e fa ilu re (n o H o r iz o n ta l)
= +135V OVP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) M ic r o IC 3 2 5 1 .
L o w c o n v e rte r 1 o r 2 v o lta g e s
= +15V OVP / T V S h u td o w n (c a u s in g lo w s c a n v o lta g e s )
= Surge relay RY5502 not energized. 5 S ta n d b y lig h t b lin k s 5 S c re e n c o n tro l s e ttin g to o lo w .
D Board: tim e s a n d re p e a ts . V id e o p r o c e s s o r o r v id e o
W h ite s in th e p ix a re n o t o u tp u t s ta g e fa ilu re . S e e v id e o
= Driver supply voltage OVP w h ite . S o u n d O K / V id e o p ro c e s s .
P ro c e s s o r IC 3 0 0 5 c a n ’t
= H. Output OVP In c o rr e c t C r o r C b d a ta in th e
W h ite b a la n c e (IK fa ilu re ).
= H. Output OCP T h is fa ilu re w ill n o t s h u t
s e r v ic e m o d e .
= FBT Output OVP d o w n th e T V s e t.
= H Centering IC4003 OCP 6 +5V O VP, O C P / C o n v e rte r 2 r e g u la tio n .
Four general failure detectors on the G board not only shut down the T V S h u td o w n S h o rt o n + 5 V lin e .
TV set but also inform the Main Micro IC3251 of the failure. The Main
Micro IC3251 provides a blinking light indication of the failure. This Further details about the self-diagnostics circuitry and its OSD for inter-
micro routine is called the self-diagnostic program and found in many mittent problems are explained in the service manual.
Sony Trinitron TV sets made since late 1997.
Self Diagnostics Repair Strategy
This TV also has self-diagnostics circuitry that is connected to five
The strategy for identifying the cause of the TV shutdown is the same as it
sensing circuits. A failure detected by one of these circuits is regis-
would be for a projection TV or even a camcorder:
tered by the Main Micro IC3251 and permits it to blink the front panel
standby light a number of times to identify the problem area. 1. Note the symptoms like # relays clicked, frying noise, blinking lights,
station sound, OSD, etc.*
2. Check power handling devices or common failures such as the Hori-
zontal, Vertical, Audio, and Video output ICs for shorts.
3. Narrow the problem to a board
4. Isolate the problem to the circuit using the descriptions in the protec-
tion circuitry diagrams that follow.
68
69
Board Determination * Complete listings of this TV’s normal operating conditions in different
If the standby light does not blink but the unit shuts down, the problem is in modes are at the beginning of this book under “Normal Operation”.
one of the seven remaining areas that were not monitored by IC3251. Here is a partial list.
Five items are on the D board; two items are on the G board. The normal sounds at power ON are:
First prove the problem is not on the G power supply board with a peak Plug into AC = no sound
hold DVM. A conventional DVM (or older one with a slow gate/sample
When the power ON button is pressed:
time) may not be fast enough to measure the full voltage before shutdown.
1. 2 relays click (3 actually click – AC, surge, & degauss)
You will see if the D board is outputting the correct voltage or a shutdown
2. Degaussing coil thump
demand voltage by using the following steps:
3. Frying noise (HV).
1. Latch the front panel master power switch IN (TV on).
2. Plug the set into AC. There should be no sound and the TV is off.
When the power is turned OFF:
3. Monitor the voltage at CN5002/pin 9. CN5002
4. Press the remote’s power ON button. 1. 2 relays click
5. 0.3Vdc or 1.3Vdc will be measured. D board
a) 0.3Vdc (normal voltage from the D board).
means the problem is on the G board. It can be caused by:
= A protection latch (Q5504/Q5503) defect (G board)
= Excessive +15 volts from converter 1 (G board)
= The surge relay did not engage (G board)
Measure the +15Vdc @ CN5002/pin 5 when you power ON the TV
again with the remote. The trip voltage is +22 volts. If the +15V pin
is below +22V, the problem is the protection latch or the parts around
it (surge relay circuit). See the Protection Circuit 1 diagram.
b) 1.3Vdc at CN5002/pin 9 means the problem is on the D deflection
board. You will need to go to the protection circuit 3 diagram for
further troubleshooting now that you have identified the board.
70
71
H. Output OCP
D Board Protection Block
The current to the H. output and centering stages is also monitored by the
protection sensing circuits on the D board. Q7003 watches the current
Protection
flowing from the +135V supply through the following sections before arriv-
The protection circuitry on the G and D boards monitor the following items ing at the Horizontal Output device, Q4018:
and shuts the TV off if there is a problem:
+135V – source voltage from converter 1
G Board:
Q7003 – Current sensing
¨ Vertical deflection loss (self diagnostics - light indication)
Q4022 - PWM
¨ +5V OCP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication)
¨ +5V OVP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) T7002 - FBT
¨ +135V OCP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) Q4018 – H Output
¨ +135V OVP monitored (self diagnostics - light indication) Leakage or shorts in any component in the above path will permit voltage
¨ +15V OVP to pass through D7102 into the G board’s protection latch.
¨ Surge relay RY5502 not energized.
D Board: FBT Output OVP
¨ Driver supply voltage OVP If a resonate capacitor in the H. output stage opened, or if Q4022 shorted,
¨ H. Output OVP the high voltage from the T7002 FBT could go dangerously high. To
¨ H. Output OCP prevent this danger, a flyback winding is monitored for excessive voltage.
¨ FBT Output OVP Reference Module PM26 detects this danger and applies voltage through
¨ H Centering IC4003 OCP D4060 into the protection latch on the G board. This will shut down the
Horizontal Drive Signal Flow TV set.
The D board contains power handling deflection components. The H H Centering IC4003 OCP
drive signal is amplified by the horizontal driver, Q4011 and Q4018 output A shorted horizontal centering driver IC4003 could damage the FBT and
devices on this board. The resultant output signal is used to develop the horizontal output transistor. To detect this failure, Q4013 monitors
flyback voltages and yoke deflection current. Major power handling cir- the current consumed by the centering IC4003. After the failure, Q4013
cuits on the D board are monitored for excessive voltage or/and current. applies voltage through D4011 into the protection latch on the G board.
TV shutdown will occur if there is a danger of this. This will shut down the TV set, preventing further damage.
Driver supply voltage OVP Troubleshooting Concept
H. Output OVP A failure in any one of the stages being monitored will apply a voltage
Both the driver and output devices (Q4011 and Q4018) need B+. The B+ through a blocking diode across the CN5002/CN4001/pin 9 board junc-
is supplied and regulated by PWM circuits, Q4003 & Q4022. The voltage tion and trip the protection latch on the G board. You can determine
from both of these PWM stages is monitored by over voltage protection which section has failed by measuring the anode of each blocking diode
sensing circuits (OVP) and connected via D4003 and D4060 to the shut- as the set shuts down. Normally there is no voltage. A voltage indication
down latch located on the G board. identifies the problem block connected to that diode.
72
73
The protection latch remains active as long as the Main Micro IC3251/pin
Protection Circuit 1 71 is outputting a power ON command. Turning the TV OFF (IC3251/pin
71 then goes low) resets the Q5503 / Q5504 latch.
Power ON The latch can be triggered by any of 12 inputs (see the Protection Block).
The protection circuitry is connected to the power ON circuit to shut off the In this diagram, only two items on the G board are monitored:
TV set. The power ON path is mapped out in the chart below listing the ¨ +15 OVP and
purpose of the parts: ¨ Surge relay RY5502 not energized.
P o w e r O N P a rts +15 OVP (Over Voltage Protection)
Nam e In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e
M a s te r M e c h a n ic a l + 1 2 V fo r A C S w it c h e s t h e +15 volts from Converter 1 is monitored by zener D5025 for excessive
power p u s h b u t t o n – s e lf r e la y + 1 2 V A C r e la y voltage. If Converter 1’s regulation fails, the +15 volt line may increase to
O N /O F F la t c h in g c o il v o lt a g e .
s w it c h
O n c o m m a n d to 22V and trip the latch. However, Converter 1 also outputs the +135V B+
M a in M ic r o In fo rm s IC 3 2 5 1 o f
IC 3 2 5 1 /4 6 t h e s w p o s it io n .
that is monitored for OVP and OCP and is connected to the failure indica-
M a in M a s te r p o w e r s w P o w e r O N d r iv e TV power O N tor circuitry. Since the B+ is more closely monitored for OVP and OCP, it
M ic r o S 4 3 0 1 in t o p in 4 6 . s ig n a l f r o m p in c o n tro l is more likely that the B+ will trip the latch before this zener will.
IC 3 2 5 1 I R c o m m a n d fr o m 71
I C 4 3 0 1 in t o p in 7 . Surge relay RY5502 not energized
Q 5502 0 .6 V p o w e r O N E n e r g iz e s A C A m p lif ie r / r e la y
f r o m I C 3 2 5 1 / p in r e la y R Y 5 5 0 1 t o d r iv e r
The surge relay RY5502 must engage shortly after the AC relay to bypass
71 p o w e r th e T V the surge resistor R5502 or the resistor will over dissipate. To prevent
s e t. this, the TV will shut down if R5502’s coil is not energized.
D5515, L o w fro m Q 5 5 0 2 /C E n e r g iz e s s u r g e R e d u c e in r u s h
Q 5505 a t tu rn O N r e la y R Y 5 5 0 2 t o c u r r e n t e x t e n d in g Normally when RY5502’s coil energizes, 4 volts is developed across R5512.
s h u n t s u rg e r e la y c o n t a c t lif e . This is more than sufficient to back bias D5510 and keep the latch from
r e s is t o r R 5 5 0 2 .
tripping. The latch trips when the set is powered and the surge relay coil is
When the TV power button is pressed, the Main Micro IC3251/pin 71 out- not energized. Both ends of R5512 are now at ground potential and that
puts +5V to turn on relay driver transistor Q5502. Q5502 turns on the AC turns ON the latch by bringing Q5504/base to ground via D5510.
relay, as well as a second relay driver transistor Q5505. Q5505 energizes Zener diode D5511 shuts down the TV if the surge relay coil shorts. The
the surge relay. Therefore at power ON, the AC and surge relay turn ON. short will place 17Vdc at D5512’s anode. This avalanches D5511, in-
In another stage, a third (degaussing coil) relay that is not shown also creasing the voltage at the base of latch transistor Q5503. When it turns
turns ON. Only the first two relay clicks are heard. The degaussing coil on, the latch trips and the AC relay is de-energized, shutting off the TV.
relay clicks ON at the same time as the AC relay and turns OFF approxi- Other inputs to this latch on the G board are shown in the Protection Cir-
mately 9.5 seconds later (just about the same time as picture unmuting cuit 2 diagram.
occurs).
Protection Latch Circuitry
The protection circuit uses a latch formed by Q5503 and Q5504 to divert
power ON current from IC3251/pin 71 to ground. This starves the AC
relay driver transistor Q5502 by removing its base bias so the TV shuts
down.
74
75
amplifier Q5018 and Q5017 to shut down the TV and blink the light six
Protection Circuit 2 times. A higher voltage at the +5V line means that Converter 2 is not
regulating. Measure the +5V line with a peak hold DVM to verify the over
The remainder of the protection sensing circuitry on the G board is shown voltage.
in this diagram. It monitors the following items:
135V OCP
¨ +5V OCP ¨ +135V OCP
¨ +5V OVP ¨ +135V OVP The +135V OCP circuit is similar to the +5V OCP circuit. The +135 volts
from Converter 1 is monitored by this circuit for excessive current. The
The output of these four sensing circuits triggers two stages:
+135V from D5015 passes through both R5026 and R5101. If the voltage
1. The latch circuit on the G board to shut down the TV. dropped by these resistors exceeds 0.6Vdc, Q5009 conducts and raises
2. The Main Micro for a visual indication of the section that caused the the voltage at its collector. This voltage turns on Q5020, which turns on
protection. Q5016. A high is output Q5016’s collector that takes two paths:
+5V OCP ¨ Through D5022 to the protect latch, shutting off the TV
The +5 volts from Converter 2 is monitored by this circuit for excessive ¨ Through D5013 to the Main Micro IC3251/pin 44 to blink the standby
current. The +5V from D5041 passes through both R5038 and R5076 light two times, pause and repeat
connected in parallel. If the voltage dropped by these resistors exceeds Excessive current demand on the +135V line can be caused by: Horizon-
0.6Vdc, Q5019 conducts and raises the voltage at its collector. This volt- tal Output Transistor Q4018, FBT 7001, Pincushion Output MOSFET
age turns on Q5018, which turns on Q5017. A high is output Q5017’s Q4027, or Dynamic focus correction Q7009 and Q7012.
collector that takes two paths:
135V OVP
¨ Through D5047 to the protect latch, shutting off the TV; as well as
These parts forming the sensing circuit perform the +135V excessive /
¨ Through D5046 to the Main Micro IC3251/pin 43 to blink the standby
over voltage protection (OVP):
light six times, pause and repeat.
+ 1 3 5 V O V P P a r ts
Q 5 0 1 9 N o rm a l D C V o lta g e s
D e v ic e N o r m a l s ta te P u rp o s e
E m itte r B ase C o lle c to r
D 5019 – 24 v o lt N o c o n d u c tio n W a tc h e s th e + 1 3 5 V lin e v o lta g e
+ 5 .2 3 V + 5 .1 4 V 0V zener d iv id e d b y R 5 0 2 0 & R 5 0 2 8 .
Q 5008 – N P N O FF A m p lifie s th e in p u t ( s w )
Q 5003 - P N P O FF A m p lifie s th e in p u t ( s w )
Excessive current means that there is a shorted part on a board powered
by the +5V line. In searching for the load, never unplug an M board con- An excessive +135V B+ breaks over the zener and turns on both Q5008
nector when there is +135V present on the G board or the G board’s H. and Q5003 transistors on to apply voltage:
Driver Q4011 and PWM Driver Q4003 will short.
¨ Through D5017 to the protect latch, shutting off the TV; as well as
+5V OVP ¨ Through D5048 to the Main Micro IC3251/pin 45 to blink the standby
The +5 volts is also monitored for excessive voltage by zener D5042. If light three times.
the +5 volt line rises above the 6.2V zener voltage, a voltage is applied to
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Initially, both Q4001 and Q4005 are turned ON when current flows from
Protection Circuit 3 +12V through Q4001/e-b, R4009, R4008 and R4012 to ground. When
Q4005 is ON, its collector voltage is at 0Vdc so the shutdown path ends
The shutdown latch and the general sensing circuitry are located on the G here.
board. These circuits sense general failures such as +5 and +135 exces-
A sample of the PWM driver voltage is taken from Q4003/collector via
sive voltage and current. When a general failure occurs, the Main Micro
R4011 and applied to Q4001’s base. This voltage is normally not high
IC3251 causes the standby light to blink, indicating one of these failures.
enough to turn OFF Q4001, so both Q4001 and Q4005 remain ON.
See the Overall Protection Block.
An excessive level of PWM driver voltage would cut off Q4001, causing
The remainder of the sensing circuits are found on the D board. They
Q4005’s collector to rise. This is applied to the latch circuit on the G board
monitor specific power handling circuits on this board. Although the D
(CN5002/pin 9) which causes the TV to shut off.
board sensing circuitry also shuts down the TV when there is a problem,
there is no communications to the Main Micro. There is no visual (standby
light blink) indication of the problem area. Therefore, if the TV shuts down H Centering IC4003 OCP Circuit Operation
without a visual indication, the problem is likely to be on the D board.
In this Sony model KW34HD1 TV, the user can center the picture from the
The sensing circuitry on the D board monitors the following: menu. This centering circuit consists of a driver IC4003 that performs this
¨ Driver supply voltage OVP function by adding DC voltage to the yoke. IC4003’s failure could send a
¨ H. Output OCP substantial current through the yoke so its current consumption is moni-
¨ H. Output Supply OVP tored as it enters IC4003/pin 3. The parts used in this OCP circuit are:
¨ FBT Output OVP H C e n te rin g IC 4 0 0 3 O C P S e n s in g C irc u it
¨ H Centering IC4003 OCP P a rts N o rm a l C o n d itio n P u rp o s e
The items in bold are shown in this simplified Protection Circuit 3 diagram. R4005 @ 0 .1 V a c ro s s C u rre n t s e n s in g
The remaining ones are in Protection Circuit 4 diagram. IC 4 0 0 3 /3 R4005
Q 4013 O N - 0 .0 2 4 V S e ts th e P H 4 0 0 6 p h o to d io d e
a c ro s s R 4 0 2 8 th re s h o ld b y p re b ia s in g it.
Driver supply voltage OVP Circuit Operation PH4006 O FF C o u p le s th e O C P s ig n a l w ith o u t
in te rfe re n c e fro m IC 4 0 0 3 ’s flo a tin g
The horizontal driver stage receives supply voltage from a PWM circuit. + 1 5 V s u p p ly .
This PWM circuit not only regulates its own output voltage, but also changes D4011 O F F (0 V o n b o th O u tp u t b lo c k in g d io d e
the voltage to increase picture width when required. Since a failure in the s id e s )
PWM circuit would result in excessive scan current, the PWM voltage is
monitored. The yoke receives signals from both the + and – ends and therefore floats
D r iv e r S u p p ly V o lta g e O V P S e n s in g C ir c u it above ground. The horizontal centering signal is applied to the yoke via
P a r ts N o r m a l C o n d itio n P u rp o s e IC4003. The centering IC4003 is powered by +15V from a FBT winding so
R 4011, R4008, S a m p le s th e P W M this secondary floats as well.
R 4 0 1 2 v o lta g e d iv id e r d r iv e r s u p p ly v o lta g e
Q 4001 ON Keeps Q 4005 O N
Q 4005 ON K e e p s o u tp u t a t 0 V d c
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PH4006 is used to monitor IC4003’s current and couple the excessive 5. Locate IC4004/pin 14 and monitor its voltage as you turn on the TV
current protection signal to the protection latch that is referenced to ground. and it shuts down. The voltage here will rise to +8.35V and stay there.
The current from the –15V supply passes through R4005 into IC4003/pin If it rises and comes down just before shutdown, the problem is ex-
3. The voltage dropped by R4005 is applied to Q4013, D4008 and the cessive voltage from the horizontal output PWM stage possibly caused
photodiode in PH4006. Q4013 prebiases the PH4006 photodiode and by a shorted Q4022 PWM Output MOSFET or the IC4004, D7029,
D4008 references this voltage to one end of R4005. The other end of Q7001 and Q7003 sensing circuit. (Protection Circuit 4 diagram)
R4005 is connected to the photodiode PH4006. Excessive current through 6. Locate IC7001/pin 8 and monitor its voltage as you turn on the TV and
IC4003 will increase the voltage drop across R4005. This increased volt- it shuts down. The normal voltage here will not rise above 0V. If it
age turns on the photodiode and the PH4006 phototransistor will conduct. rises to the trip point of 1V, the problem is excessive FBT voltage. A
Its conduction applies voltage to trip the protection latch and the TV shuts possible defect is an open resonate capacitor in the Horizontal Output
off. In normal operation though, the photodiode never turns ON and there Transistor’s collector circuit.
is 0V at both sides of D4011. 7. If all these voltages are normal, yet CN4001/pin 9 rises to 1.3Vdc, the
problem is on the D board and Q4050 is probably defective (Protec-
tion circuit #4 diagram). This is because it is the only part not yet
D board Circuit Failure Detection checked.
If the unit shuts down, but the standby light does not blink, the problem is in
one of the seven remaining areas that are not monitored by IC3251. Five
of these items are on the D board. Two of these items are shown in the
Protection Circuit 3 diagram. However, all five items are checked in this
procedure:
1. Monitor the shutdown trigger voltage at the D board connector CN4001/
pin 9. If this voltage rises above the normal 0.3V to about 1.3V, the
problem is caused by one of the sensing circuits on the D board.
2. Locate Q4005/collector (middle lead). Monitor the voltage at this point
as you turn on the set and it shuts down. Normally this point will rise to
0.022V. If it continues to rise to the trip point of 1.3V, the problem is
excessive driver PWM voltage from Q4003 or the Q4001/Q4005 sens-
ing circuit is defective. (Protection circuit #3 diagram)
3. Locate the photo coupler PH4006/pin 3 and monitor its voltage as you
turn on the TV and it shuts down. The normal voltage here is 0V. If it
rises to the trip point of 1.5V, the problem is a shorted IC4003 center-
ing IC. (Protection Circuit 3 diagram).
4. Locate Q7003/collector (middle lead) or the anode of D7102 and moni-
tor its voltage as you turn on the TV and it shuts down. The normal
voltage here will not rise above 0V. If it rises to the trip point of 1.5V, the
problem is excessive current to the PWM regulating circuit, FBT or
Horizontal Output Transistor. (Protection circuit #4 diagram)
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81

Protection Circuit 4 H. Output Supply OVP Circuit Operation


The PWM B+ regulating circuit supplies voltage to the Horizontal Output
The shutdown latch and general sensing circuitry are located on the G Transistor Q4018. The following parts monitor this supply voltage:
board. These circuits sense general failures. The Main Micro IC3251 H . O u t p u t S u p p ly O V P C ir c u it
causes the standby light to blink, indicating the circuit at fault. P a rts N o r m a l C o n d it io n P u rp o s e
3 9 V z e n e r d io d e C a th o d e = 1 0 8 V d c
The remainder of the sensing circuitry is found on the D board monitors D7029 Anode = 38Vdc
specific power handling circuits on this board. Although the D board sens- R e s is t o r s t r in g S e r ie s d r o p p in g
ing circuitry also shuts down the TV when there is a problem, there is no R 7 0 7 3 -4 ,R 7 0 8 0 -2 r e s is t o r s
communications to the Main Micro so there is no blinking light to indicate C7038 2 .1 7 V F ilt e r c a p a c it o r
IC 4 0 0 4 P in 1 3 o u t p u t = 8 . 3 5 V H y s t e r e s is
the problem area. Therefore, if the TV shuts down without a blinking light C o m p a r a to r
indication, the problem is likely to be on the D board. Q 4050 ON In v e rte r
The sensing circuitry on the D board monitors the following:
¨ Driver supply voltage OVP At turn on, PWM pulses from Q4022 are rectified by D7024 and produce a
¨ H. Output OCP low voltage at IC4004/pin 10. This results in an 8.35Vdc high at the pin 13
¨ H. Output Supply OVP output.
¨ FBT Output OVP If the PWM pulses become excessive or if Q4022 shorts, the higher volt-
¨ H Centering IC4003 OCP age output will break over zener D7029 and be applied to IC4004/pin 10.
The items in bold are shown in this simplified Protection Circuit 4 diagram. When pin 10’s voltage exceeds the 8.35Vdc reference at IC4004/pin 11,
The remaining ones are in the previous diagram. its output at pin 13 will go to 0V. This will forward bias D4047 and turn off
Q4050, producing a high at its collector. The high is applied through D4060
to the latch circuit on the G board, which shuts down the TV.
H. Output OCP Circuit Operation
Resistors R7062/R7022 and transistor Q7003 parts perform current sens-
ing. The current drawn by the Horizontal Output stage passes through FBT Output OVP
resistors R7062 and R7022. The normal voltage dropped across them is A flyback transformer T7002 secondary is used to represent the FBT out-
shown in the chart below. puts. It is monitored for excessive voltage. This voltage is rectified by
V o lt a g e A c r o s s P a r a lle l R e s is t o r s R 7 0 6 2 & R 7 0 2 2 D4026 and applied to HV protection IC7001 for comparison to an internal
G e n e r a t o r p ic t u r e R 7 0 6 2 & R 7 0 2 2 V o lt a g e reference voltage. If the input voltage is exceeded, IC7001/pin 8 will output
B la c k R a s t e r 0 .3 4 5 V a 1-volt high, tripping the Q7001/Q7003 latch. The latch grounds the +12V
W h it e R a s t e r 0 .5 8 V
from the FBT that forward biased the base of Q4050. This turns the tran-
If the horizontal output current increases, the voltage dropped across these sistor OFF so voltage can be applied through D4060 to the G board latch
resistors rises. If they rise to a dangerous level of 0.6Vdc, Q7003 turns that shuts down the TV.
ON and a positive voltage outputs its collector. This passes through blocking
diode D7102 and trips the shutdown latch on the G board. Excessive
current consumption can be caused by a shorted PWM MOSFET Q4022,
shorted T7002 FBT, leaky Q4018 or just a high screen control adjustment.
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D board Circuit Failure Detection 5. Locate IC4004/pin 14 and monitor its voltage as you turn on the TV
and it shuts down. The voltage here will rise to +8.35V and stay there.
If the unit shuts down but the standby light does not blink, the problem is in
If it rises and comes down just before shutdown, the problem is ex-
one of the seven remaining areas that are not monitored by IC3251. Five
cessive voltage from the horizontal output PWM stage caused possi-
of these items are on the D board. Three of these items are shown in
bly by a shorted Q4022 PWM Output MOSFET or the IC4004, D7029,
Protection Circuit 4. However all five items are checked in this procedure:
Q7001 and Q7003 sensing circuit (Protection Circuit 4 diagram).
1. Monitor the shutdown trigger voltage at the D board connector CN4001/ 6. Locate IC7001/pin 8 and monitor its voltage as you turn on the TV and
pin 9. If this voltage rises above the normal 0.3V to about 1.3V, the it shuts down. The normal voltage here will not rise above 0V. If it
problem is caused by one of the sensing circuits on this D board. rises to the trip point of 1V, the problem is excessive FBT voltage. A
2. Locate Q4005/collector (middle lead). Monitor the voltage here as you possible defect is an open resonate capacitor in the Horizontal Output
turn on the set and it shuts down. Normally this point will rise to 0.022V. Transistor’s collector circuit.
If it continues to rise to the trip point of 1.5V, the problem is excessive 7. If all these voltages are normal, yet CN4001/pin 9 rises to 1.3Vdc, the
driver PWM voltage from Q4003 or the Q4001/Q4005 sensing circuit problem is on the D board and Q4050 is probably defective (Protec-
is defective. (Protection Circuit 3 diagram) tion Circuit 4 diagram). This is because it is the only part not yet
3. Locate the photo coupler PH4006/pin 3 and monitor its voltage as you checked.
turn on the TV and it shuts down. The normal voltage here is 0V. If it
rises to the trip point of 1.5V, the problem is a shorted IC4003 center-
ing IC (Protection circuit #3 diagram).
4. Locate Q7003/collector (middle lead) or the anode of D7102 and moni-
tor its voltage as you turn on the TV and it shuts down. The normal
voltage here will not rise above 0V. If it rises to the trip point of 1.5V, the
problem is excessive current to the PWM regulating circuit, FBT or
Horizontal Output Transistor (Protection circuit #4 diagram).
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When +5V is applied, the vertical drive signal is made in IC1305 and output
Vertical Deflection as an out-of-phase signal pair from pins 21 and 22. Each signal output is
2Vp-p.
The purpose of this stage is to:
The differential (out of phase) output signals are sent on long signal runs
¨ Manufacture a 60Hz vertical sawtooth signal to drive the yoke for verti- (to a different board) to take advantage of common mode rejection. When
cal (downward) beam deflection. the same interference is picked up on both signal lines, one line can be
¨ Synchronize the vertical drive signal to the station’s vertical frequency. inverted and added to the other to cancel the noise. The output signal level
¨ Monitor the output signal for linearity correction. is added since they were originally complementary.
¨ Immediately stop horizontal drive and have the TV shut down if there is
The vertical output IC7003 gets sufficient current from the +15V supply to
a loss of vertical output signal.
amplify the 2Vp-p input signal to 70Vp-p and drive the low impedance (12.1
This vertical deflection stage consists of two signal paths:
ohms) yoke. The following output waveform shows the yoke’s drive and
1. The vertical output return voltage. PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

2. The vertical feedback ch1


ch1: pkpk= 71.3 V

ch2: pkpk= 2.45 V

Vertical Output ch2


T

There are only a few stages of drive operation to make and amplify the 1

vertical signal to drive the deflection yoke. The yoke creates the magnetic
field to move the electron beam downward at a 60 Hz rate.
2

V e rtic a l S ig n a l to th e D e fle c tio n Y o k e


CH1!20.0 V=

D e v ic e In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e CH2!1.00 V= MTB5.00ms ch1+

D ig ita l + 5 V – p in s 3 4 , 4 3 VD + W h e n + 5 V p o w e r is W a v e f o r m V D – V e r t ic a l Y o k e s ig n a l
D e fle c tio n S ta tio n s y n c /p in 2 1 a p p lie d , s a w to o th Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv
C o n tro l VD - s ig n a l is o u tp u t.
IC 1 3 0 5 S a m p le o f th e o u tp u t Channel 1 V e rt O u tp u t C N 4 0 0 2 / p in 6 6 0 V p -p
s ig n a l /p in 2 2 S a m p le o f th e o u tp u t
Channel 2 V e rt re tu rn C N 4 0 0 2 / p in 5 2 .4 5 V p -p
s ig n a l is re tu rn e d fo r
fre q u e n c y a n d T im e b a s e 5 m s e c / d iv
lin e a rity c o rre c tio n
a n d p ro o f o f a ctiv ity. IC7003 Flyback Generation
V e rtic a l D iffe re n tia l in p u t - V e rtic a l C u rre n t a m p lifie r to The vertical output signal is 60Vp-p from IC7003, but the supply voltage is
O u tp u t p in s 1 a n d 7 . s a w to o th d riv e th e lo w
IC 7 0 0 3 o u tp u t a t im p e d a n c e y o k e . only +15Vdc. Examination of the output waveform (ch 1) shows that only
B o o s t v o lta g e – p in 6 .
p in 5 . M a k e s its o w n b o o s t the large retrace spike exceeds the 30-volt supply voltage.
v o lta g e u s e d d u rin g The supply voltage necessary to meet the need during the retrace interval
v e rtic a l re tra c e tim e .
(when there is a large spike) comes from a “flyback generator” within
IC7003. IC7003’s flyback generator first uses the retrace portion of the
input signal to make a 0.5msec pulse, then amplifies it to 30Vp-p (supply
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voltage limits). This pulse is output at IC7003/pin 3 and coupled by C7011 Picture tube protection
to pin 6. The pulse boosts the +15Vdc Vcc at pin 6 to the amplitude of the If there is a loss of vertical deflection, the picture would collapse. The
pulse. This method of developing the higher Vcc avoids having a large B+ scanning lines would be concentrated at the center of the screen (if there
supply voltage source that is not used most of the time. A loss of boost was no DC voltage to offset or move the beam). This would instantly
voltage seems to cause no vertical deflection in most sets. damage the picture tube. To avoid this the vertical feedback signal is also
Vertical Feedback Signal used for protection.
The return end of the yoke at CN4002/pin 5 is grounded through low value A loss of vertical signal for two fields (1/30 second) into IC1305/pin 11
resistors and a thermistor TH7001 for temperature compensation. The causes the IC to stop the horizontal drive output from pin 29. Therefore if
small signal that is developed across these resistors is AC coupled and there is a loss of horizontal drive signal from IC1305/pin 29, even though
fed back to IC71305/pin 11 for three purposes: there is +5Vdc applied to the IC1305 at pins 34 and 43, check the vertical
feedback signal path.
1. Linearity correction
2. Frequency correction While this is occurring, serial data is output IC1305 to tell the main micro
3. Picture tube protection to shut off the TV set and blink the standby light. The light will blink four
Linearity correction times, pause, and then repeat over and over until the set is unplugged or
the front panel master power button is pressed.
Linearity correction takes place within IC1305 when the manufactured ver-
tical signal is compared to the signal returned at pin 11. In addition, linear-
ity and size corrections are performed from the service mode adjustments.
The adjustments are input to IC1305 as serial data from the main micro
(but the information is actually stored in an external memory).
Station Sync
The frequency and phase of the VD signal output IC1305 must be the
same as the station’s vertical signal. Two inputs are used to accomplish
this. One input is the station sync that comes into IC1305/pin 28. The
second input is the sample of the vertical oscillator signal that enters
IC1305/pin 11. The two inputs are compared in IC1305 and the frequency
and phase of the vertical oscillator is corrected to match.
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The purpose of this stage is to:
Horizontal Deflection Block
1. Make B+ voltage for the driver MOSFET.
2. Regulate this voltage.
Both the horizontal driver and output stages have individual PWM stages
3. Increase the B+ voltage when a wide picture is called for.
that supply regulated B+ voltage to them. The H. output B+ comes from
the PWM stage through the flyback. Horizontal Output PWM stage
H o riz o n ta l. O u tp u t P W M s ta g e
This horizontal deflection block has several stages:
S e c tio n s M a jo r p a rts P u rp o s e
1. Horizontal Driver/Output stage feeds the FBT and H yoke. P u ls e IC 1 7 0 4 , M a k e s a n o u tp u t p u ls e o f a fix e d w id th
2. Driver PWM stage controls the Driver transistor B+. w id th IC 1 7 0 5 re g a rd le s s o f th e in p u t fre q u e n c y .
3. H. Output PWM stage controls the H. Output transistor B+. C o n tro l D e la y s th e p u ls e a n d u s e s it to in s u re ra p id
4. Horizontal Centering stage positions the picture. H O u tp u t tra n s is to r tu rn o ff.
H O u tp u t Q 4022 U s e s th e p u ls e to d e v e lo p B + fo r th e H .
Horizontal Driver/Output stage PW M O u tp u t tra n s is to r.
H o r iz o n t a l D r iv e r / O u t p u t s t a g e R e g u la te s th is B + v o lta g e to a s s u re s ta b le
S e c t io n s M a jo r p a r t s P u rp o s e p ic tu re w id th a n d b rig h tn e s s .
D ig it a l D e f le c t io n IC 1 3 0 5 M a k e s h o r iz o n t a l d r iv e C h a n g e s th e B + s lig h tly to a d ju s t fo r a
C o n tro l IC s ig n a ls . d iffe re n t h o riz o n ta l fre q u e n c y .
B u ffe rs IC 1 7 0 5 , Q 1 7 0 2 , C u r r e n t t o v o lt a g e d r iv e r a n d
Q 1703. c u r r e n t lim it e r .
M O S F E T D r iv e r Q 4011 V o lt a g e a m p lif ie r The pulse width control block makes a pulse that can be adjusted. At the
H . O u tp u t Q 4018 H ig h c u r r e n t o u t p u t d e v ic e higher horizontal frequency, it is important that the horizontal output tran-
T r a n s is t o r
sistor be turned off before the next cycle. To insure this will take place, a
When the Digital Deflection Control IC1305 is powered, 31.5KHz horizon- delayed pulse is used to lower the H. Output transistor’s collector voltage
tal and 60Hz. vertical pulses are output. In this set the horizontal pulses after turn on.
are buffered so there is sufficient current to supply the gate of the MOSFET The H Output PWM block also adjusts the B+ voltage to compensate for
horizontal driver. The horizontal driver amplifies the drive signal. The sig- the slightly higher horizontal frequency used in HDTV reception.
nal is transformer coupled to the horizontal output transistor (Q4018). The Horizontal Centering stage
output transistor feeds the yoke for deflection and the flyback transformer This stage only consists of three blocks. The Main Micro IC (not shown)
for high voltage. sends serial data to D/A converter, IC1702 to output a DC voltage. This
Driver PWM stage DC voltage is amplified by the H Center block, which applies it to the yoke.
This offset voltage is used to center the picture by keeping a constant
D r iv e r P W M s ta g e
S e c t io n s M a jo r p a r t s P u rp o s e
magnetic field in the yoke windings which positions the electron beam to
Shaper IC 1 5 0 2 S h a p e s t h e H d r iv e p u ls e in t o a s in g le s p ik e .
the left or right. The amount of shift is dependent upon the magnitude of
D r iv e r Q 4003 1. C h a n g e t h e s p ik e in t o a p u ls e , the voltage.
PW M 2. C o n t r o l t h e p u ls e w id t h ( P W M ) ,
3. F ilt e r t h e o u t p u t in t o D C .
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91
Q1702 and Q1703 are buffers/drivers that provide a fixed current to drive
Horizontal Drive the horizontal driver MOSFET device in the next stage (via CN1303/pin
H o rizo n ta l D rive r / O u tp u t sta g e 10).
B lo cks M a jo r p arts P u rp o se PWM Shaper
D ig ita l D e fle ctio n IC 1 3 0 5 C re a te s h o rizo n ta l d riv e
C o n tro l sig n a ls.
IC1502 is a comparator designed to shape the horizontal drive signal into
a single pulse for the next PWM stage. The input of IC1502 is the horizon-
B u ffe rs IC 1 7 0 5 , Q 1 7 0 2, C u rre n t to vo lta g e d rive r a n d
Q 1703. cu rre nt lim iter. tal drive signal and the output is a pulse that represents the leading edge of
the input signal. This pulse is output CN1304/pin 10 and applied to the
P W M S h a p er IC 1 5 0 2 S h a p e s th e H drive p u lse in to driver PWM stage.
a sin g le sp ike fo r P W M m fg.
Operation:
C1505 couples the leading and training edges of the horizontal drive signal
Oscillator Manufacture and Sync to IC1502/pin 11 (ch 2). Diode D1505 eliminates the negative or trailing
When powered, Digital Deflection IC1305 starts up the external X1301 parts of the signal, leaving only the leading edges present at pin 11 (ch 2).
24.58MHz crystal. Once oscillation occurs, the IC makes vertical and The comparator outputs this pulse (ch 3) when its input level is greater
horizontal drive signals. Without sync, the oscillator runs at 31.1kHz. The than the fixed voltage at IC1502/pin 10. The result is a positive pulse at the
horizontal drive signal leaves IC1305/pin 29 (as long as the vertical feed- drive frequency. This pulse is used in the next stage to make B+ for the
back signal at pin 11 is present - see Vertical Deflection). When station MOSFET driver device.
sync is received, the horizontal oscillator frequency is changed to 31.5kHz The waveforms show the signals input the comparator with a horizontal
or 33.5kHz to match the signal received. AFC feedback pulse (ch 4) for reference.
When a signal is received, its sync portion is squared into a 5Vp-p wave- PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

form by IC1302 and is input to IC1305/pin 35. The horizontal oscillator’s


ch1

ch2

frequency is fed back from the horizontal output transistor’s collector to


T

1
ch3

IC1306/pin 2. This signal is sent to a MMV (IC1306) that outputs a pulse ch4

when triggered. IC1306 prevents a double input pulse from shifting the 2

horizontal oscillator frequency and produces a digital pulse that is accepted 3

by the Digital Deflection IC1305 at pin 26. CH1!5.00 V=

CH2!5.00 V=

CH3!1.00 V= BWL PKD

The Digital Deflection IC1305 compares the sync signal input to pin 35 4

CH4!50.0 V= CHP MTB10.0us- 1.46dv ch1+

and the feedback signal input to pin 26. This locks the horizontal oscillator W a v e fo r m H D 1 e – I C 1 5 0 2 C o m p a r a to r O p e r a tio n
frequency to the station’s sync. N am e L o c a t io n V o lta g e / d iv
C hannel 1 H . D r iv e s ig n a l C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 1 0 1 2 V p -p
Buffers
C hannel 2 C a p c o u p le d I C 1 5 0 2 / p in 1 1 9 V p -p
IC1705 eliminates any base noise in the horizontal drive signal. It per- C hannel 3 IC 1 5 0 2 o u tp u t C N 1 3 0 4 /p in 1 0 1 .5 V p -p
forms this by comparing the input to a fixed voltage set by the R1743/ C hannel 4 H. AFC C N 1 3 0 2 /p in 4 8 5 V p -p
R1745 voltage divider at IC1705/pin 8. Voltages above this threshold are T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c / d iv
allowed to pass and noise riding along the base line is not output pin 14.
The comparator output signal is 12Vp-p.
92
93

Horizontal Driver MOSFET/Transistor Characteristic Comparison


A power MOSFET device in an N channel format is most similar to a NPN
This horizontal driver stage consists of: transistor in overall operation, just as a P channel device is similar to a
PNP.
1. The horizontal driver MOSFET
2. The Driver PWM stage that makes B+ for the driver M O S F E T – T r a n s is to r O p e r a tio n C o m p a r is o n
D iffe r e n c e s S im ila r itie s
Horizontal Driver MOSFET
M a x im u m g a te v o lta g e c a n g o to T h e g a te is r e fe r e n c e d to th e
A MOSFET horizontal driver is used to boost the horizontal drive level a b o u t + 2 0 V o lts w ith r e fe r e n c e to s o u r c e , lik e th e b a s e is to th e
th e s o u r c e le a d . e m itte r .
before applying the signal to the H Output stage. The horizontal drive
T u r n O N g a te th r e s h o ld v o lta g e is A g a te v o lta g e th a t is b r o u g h t
signal from Q1703 is input to the gate and the amplified signal leaves 1 - 2 V ( lo w p o w e r ) o r 2 - 4 V ( h ig h to w a r d th e d r a in v o lta g e tu r n s it
Q4011’s drain. The signal is coupled through T4001 to the Horizontal Output p o w e r T O - 2 2 0 c a s e o r la r g e r ) . O N , ju s t lik e a b a s e v o lta g e b e in g
Transistor Q4018/base (not shown). b r o u g h t to w a r d th e c o lle c to r
p o te n tia l tu r n s a tr a n s is to r O N .
The horizontal drive signal can be seen in this scope shot showing the O n a n d O F F tim e s a r e a ffe c te d N P N a n d N c h a n n e l a r e s im ila r in
horizontal drive signal (ch 1) compared to the FBT pulse (channel 3). b y in te r n a l g a te c a p a c ita n c e s o c ir c u it c o n fig u r a tio n . S u m m a r ily ,
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS
g a te c u r r e n t d e te r m in e s O N tim e . s o a re P N P & P c h a n n e l
ch1
ch1: freq= 31.6kHz M O S F E T s.
ch2
T h e O F F tim e is d e la y e d b y lo a d
T
1 c a p a c ita n c e th a t in c r e a s e s th e
ch3

2
g a te c a p a c ita n c e ( C g d ) .
In H V a p p lic a tio n s , a s a tu r a te d
M O S F E T ( d r a in to s o u r c e is
a p p r o x . 2 V . T h is is g r e a te r th a n a
3 tr a n s is to r ’s V c e s a t v o lta g e .
CH1 10.0 V=

CH2 10.0 V= M O S F E T s d o n o t h a v e th e r m a l
CH3 0.5 V= CHP MTB10.0us ch1-
r u n a w a y a n d c a n th e r e fo r e
w ith s ta n d s im u lta n e o u s h ig h
c u r r e n t a n d v o lta g e , b u t fa ils
W a v e fo r m H D 2 2 A – H o r iz o n ta l D r iv e S ig n a ls
in s ta n t ly w h e n s p e c s a r e
Nam e L o c a tio n V o lta g e /d iv exceeded.
Channel 1 H . D r iv e s ig n a l C N 4 0 0 9 /p in 1 0 1 2 V p -p M O SFETs have lo w e r h ig h
Channel 2 H . O u tp u t/b a s e Q 4 0 1 8 /b a s e 2 V p -p w ith o u t fr e q u e n c y s w itc h in g lo s s e s
s p ik e s
Channel 3 F B T p u ls e s FBT N /A
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c /d iv Testing a MOSFET
Testing a MOSFET device is easy. The leads show infinite resistance to
any other lead except for some power MOSFETs that have an internal
protective zener connected between the drain and source.
To prove the device is functional:
1. Connect the negative lead of the ohmmeter to the SOURCE lead.
2. Touch the ohmmeter positive lead to the gate, to pre-charge it.
94
95
3. Connect the ohmmeter positive lead to the DRAIN. In the previous stage a positive pulse is made and enters this stage from
If the device is good you will get a resistance reading of about 400-1k CN1304/pin 10. This pulse resets a ramp that is applied to IC4004. IC4004
ohms. makes another pulse from this ramp and the DC voltage at pin 4. Pin 4’s
DC voltage is not fixed. It comes from the main micro IC3251/pin 55 via
IC4006.
Driver PWM stage When a wide width picture is called for, a low DC voltage from IC3251/pin
The purpose of this stage is to make and regulate the driver’s drain volt- 55 is applied to Q4007. The high output at its collector is input to buffer
age (Q4011) using a processed PWM signal. In addition, the supply volt- IC4006/pin 5. Then IC4006 amplifies and inverts this voltage. The low
age can be increased to widen the picture to fill the screen. The higher voltage that is output IC4006/pin 1 is applied to comparator IC4004/pin 4 to
drive voltage causes a larger signal that drives the output transistor harder. change the pulse width.
The increased collector current cause more yoke current to create a larger
As a result, the lower voltage at IC4004/pin 4 produces a wider positive
magnetic field to increase deflection and picture width.
output pulse at IC4004/pin 2. Q4028 and Q4003 amplify the output pulse.
This is series of processing steps that is used to make and control the The pulse is low pass filtered into a DC voltage to become the supply
PWM signal: voltage for the horizontal driver device
P W M S ta g e A wider positive pulse produces a higher DC supply voltage. The higher
D e v ic e In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e voltage increases the horizontal driver’s amplification, resulting in an in-
Q 4028, C N 1 3 0 4 /1 0 IC 4 0 0 4 /5 - M a k e s a ra m p creased picture width.
C4006 P o s it iv e p u ls e Ram p v o lt a g e b y c h a r g in g
a t t h e H . d r iv e v o lt a g e C 4 0 0 6 . D is c h a r g e s
fre q u e n c y w it h C N 1 3 0 4 / 1 0
p u ls e .
IC 4 0 0 4 R a m p v o lt a g e - IC 4 0 0 4 /2 - D C v o lt a g e in p u t
c o m p a ra to r p in 5 P o s it iv e c o n t r o ls p u ls e w id t h
D C v o lt a g e – p u ls e (P W M ).
p in 6
Q 4028, P o s it iv e p u ls e A m p lif ie d V o lt a g e / C u r r e n t
Q 4003 p u ls e am p.
D4002, P W M s ig n a l D C v o lt a g e D a m p e r a n d lo w
L4001, p a s s f ilt e r .
C4003.
I C 4 0 0 6 / p in s S a m p le d D C I C 4 0 0 6 / p in D C r e g u la t io n .
1 -3 f r o m v o lt a g e 1 – DC
d iv id e r R 4 0 0 8 , v o lt a g e .
R4011, R4012
t o I C 4 0 0 6 / p in 3 .
Q 4007, C N 4 0 0 7 / p in 1 0 I C 4 0 0 6 / p in P u ls e w id t h c o n tr o l
I C 4 0 0 6 / p in s 5 V = w id e 7 – DC
5 -7 . 0 V = N o rm a l v o lt a g e .
p ic t u r e w id t h .
96
97

Horizontal Output PWM 1 Horizontal Drive Pulse First Delay


Monostable multivibrator (MMV) IC1704/pins 2-13 and comparators IC1705/
The purpose of the Horizontal Output PWM stage is to manufacture a pins 1-7 perform the first delay. The output at CN1303/pin 9 is a delayed
regulated B+ source for the Horizontal Output transistor. This first part of low going pulse.
the H. Output PWM circuit manufactures a pulse that occurs when the The details can be seen in the waveforms of the following scope shot and
beam is at the middle of the screen. This pulse is later used for B+ regu- are explained below:
lation, so its correction (regulation) actually takes place on screen time. ch1
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

ch3: pkpk= 7.07 V

This is not evident in the picture. ch2


ch4: pkpk= 1.88 V

The reason the pulse is delayed is to shut off the horizontal output transis- ch3

tor before the next cycle. This is why the correction pulse occurs in the
2
ch4

middle of the screen. Horizontal Output transistor Q4018’s large base


3

current when the transistor is ON prevents it from cutting off immediately CH1!5.00 V=

upon the falling edge of the drive pulse. This delay in cutoff is anticipated CH2!5.00 V=
4
CH3!5.00 V= BWL

and the position of the correction (also an OFF) pulse is set in order to CH4! 500mV= ALT MTB5.00us- 0.66dv ch1+

ensure transistor cutoff before the next drive pulse. W a v e f o r m H D 1 c – F ir s t D e la y


The following scope shot shows the PWM processing, starting with a hori- Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv
Channel 1 H . D r iv e I C 1 7 0 4 / p in 2 5 V p -p
zontal drive pulse (ch 1). After shifting (ch 2), a regulation correction pulse
Channel 2 Is t M M V O u tp u t I C 1 7 0 4 / p in 1 3 5 V p -p
(ch 3) occurs in the middle of the picture between the FBT pulses (ch 4).
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS Channel 3 C a p c o u p le d I C 1 7 0 5 / p in 7 7 V p -p
st
ch1
T
Channel 4 1 D e la y e d p u ls e I C 1 7 0 5 / p in 1 1 .8 8 V p -p
ch2 1
T im e b a s e 5 u s e c / d iv
ch3

ch4
2
The horizontal drive signal is input at IC1704/pin 2 (ch 1). This monostable
multivibrator is triggered by the leading edge of the drive signal and cre-
ates an output pulse (ch 2). The pulse width is dependent upon the RC
CH1!10.0 V=

CH2!1.00 V=
3
CH3!50.0 V= BWL
values at IC1704/pins 14 and 15. The second pulse is coupled to com-
4
CH4!10.0 V= ALT MTB5.00us- 0.66dv ch1+
parator IC1705/pin 7 (ch 3) through C1709. The charging and discharging
of C1709 forms the peaks of this waveform.
W a v e fo rm H D 1 b – P W M M a n u fa c tu re
Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv R1732 and R1747 form a voltage divider that prebiases the input of the
Channel 1 H D r iv e C N 4 0 0 9 / p in 1 0 1 2 V p -p comparator IC1705/pin 7 (ch 3). The prebiasing permits only the delayed
Channel 2 D e la y e d d r iv e C N 4 0 0 9 / p in 9 1 .2 V p -p bottom peaks of the input waveform to produce an output pulse at IC1705/
Channel 3 P W M O u tp u t Q 4 0 2 2 / d r a in 1 4 4 V p -p pin 1. This low going output pulse is delayed from the original horizontal
Channel 4 R e f F B T p u ls e FBT N /A drive signal and is applied to the second delay circuit on the D board via
T im e b a s e 5 u s e c / d iv CN1303/pin 9.
98
99

Additional Circuits ch1


PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

The purpose of the IC1704 MMV at pins 9-5 and the comparator at IC1705/ ch2

1
T

pins 2-5 is to provide an operating window for the low output pulse leaving ch3

ch4

this stage at CN1303/pin 9. The output pulse can only go low within this 2

window. This prevents a double pulse that could be caused by local noise 3

and the danger of shutting off the H. Output transistor early after turn on. CH1!5.00 V=

CH2!5.00 V=
4
CH3!5.00 V= BWL PKD

Operating Window Circuit CH4!5.00 V= CHP MTB10.0us- 1.46dv ch1+

Device Input Output Purpose W a v e f o r m H D 1 a – O p e r a tin g W in d o w


MMV IC1704/pin 9 IC1704/pin 5 Creates an N am e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e /d iv
operating C hannel 1 H . D r iv e IC 1 7 0 4 / p in 2 5 V p -p
st
window pulse. C hannel 2 1 M M V O u tp u t IC 1 7 0 4 / p in 1 3 5 V p -p
Comparator IC1705/pin 10 IC1705/pin 13 Makes a low C hannel 3 In h ib it/ r e s e t p u ls e IC 1 7 0 4 / p in 1 1 5 V p -p
nd
pulse to end C hannel 4 2 M M V O u tp u t IC 1 7 0 4 / p in 5 5 V p -p
the window T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c / d iv
pulse.
Comparator IC1705/pin IC1705/pin Inverter

The scope shot shows the H. drive signal input IC1704/pin 2 and output of
the first MMV (ch 1, 2) which triggers the second MMV, closing the window.
The second MMV output is shown in the last waveform (ch 4). It is reset at
the end of its timing by the inhibit pulse applied to IC1704/pin 11 (ch 3).
After being reset, the window is opened, permitting the main output pulse
from IC1705/pin 1 to occur and leave CN1303/pin 9.
100
101
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

Horizontal Output PWM 2 ch1


ch1: pkpk= 2.95 V

ch2: pkpk= 8.56 V

1
ch2

The purpose of the entire Horizontal Output PWM stage is to manufacture ch3

a regulated B+ source for the horizontal output transistor. The first part of ch4 2

the H. Output PWM circuit manufactures a pulse that places the B+ cor- 3
T

rection at the middle of the screen. In the second part of the H. Output
PWM circuit the B+ source is regulated. CH1!1.00 V=

CH2!5.00 V=

CH3!10.0 V= BWL
4

Regulation CH4! 100 V= ALT MTB5.00us- 0.66dv ch3+

R e g u la t io n C ir c u it r y W a v e f o r m H D 2 – P u ls e W id t h C o n tr o l
D e v ic e In p u t O u tp u t P u rp o s e Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv
Q 4016, H . S a w lo w r e s e t Ram p T r a n s is t o r s r e s e t c h a r g in g Channel 1 H . S a w u s e d to C N 4 0 0 9 / p in 9 1 .2 V p -p
Q 4023, p u ls e . v o lt a g e c a p a c it o r t o m a k e a r a m p m a k e r a m p v o lt a g e .
C4007 v o lt a g e . Channel 2 R a m p v o lt a g e I C 4 0 0 4 / p in 6 8 V p -p
IC 4 0 0 4 R a m p – p in 6 PW M – A d ju s t s p u ls e w id t h t o Channel 3 P W M p u ls e I C 4 0 0 4 / p in 1 1 2 V p -p
B + e r r o r – p in 7 p in 1 c o r r e c t B + v o lt a g e .
Channel 4 P W M O u tp u t Q 4 0 2 2 / d r a in 1 5 0 V p -p
IC 4 0 1 1 P W M – p in 1 2 E rro r O u t C r e a t e s a B + c o r r e c t io n T im e b a s e 5 u s e c / d iv
E rro r N T S C /D T V s w – – p in 6 v o lt a g e . A d ju s t s v o lt a g e
r e g u la t o r p in 5 f o r h ig h e r H . f r e q . U s e d in Error Voltage
DTV.
IC 4 0 0 5 D C – p in 5 D C – p in 7 A m p lif ie r IC4011 makes an error voltage by comparing the PWM B+ output at Q4022/
F H s t a t u s – p in 6 L o w e r s B + w h e n t h e r e is drain to an internal reference voltage. The difference is an error voltage
n o H p h a s e lo c k ( F H
s ta tu s )
output IC4011/pin 6. This error voltage is used to maintain the B+ voltage
despite the load variations that occur when the brightness or scan width
Ramp Manufacture changes.
At CN4009/pin 9 the 1.5Vp-p low going pulse made by the previous MMV When a HDTV signal is received, the horizontal oscillator frequency is
stage is input to transistor Q4016/base. The low turns off Q4016, which slightly higher than that from an NTSC signal. The change in frequency
turns on Q4023 to discharge C4007. When Q4023 turns off, C4023 results in a change in horizontal efficiency. To maintain the same picture
charges. This creates a ramp at the horizontal frequency. This ramp is brightness and focus, the reference voltage in IC4011 is adjusted to com-
applied to comparator IC4004/pin 6 and produces an output pulse at pin 1. pensate for this input change. The NTSC/DTV input at IC4011/pin 5 is
The width of that output pulse is dependent upon the DC error voltage monitored for this change. However, the correction has little effect on the
input IC4004/pin 7. output voltage even if pin 5 was changed manually.
The following scope shot shows the ramp (ch 2) and the input pulse used The B+ error signal leaves IC4011/pin 6 and is amplified by IC4005. The
to reset it (ch 1). The ramp waveform (ch 2) can be compared to the other input to amplifier IC4005 is used to reduce the B+ voltage when no
output pulse (ch 3) to see that approximately 1.3 volts was input at IC4004/ TV station (H sync) is detected. An FH status voltage from the main micro
pin 7 to produce this pulse width. The output waveform (ch 4) shows the IC3512 is input to C4005/pin 6 for this purpose. When there is no H sync
pulse is inverted and amplified by the output MOSFET. detected, the FH line goes high. This reduces the voltage at IC4005/pin 6
to narrow the output pulse width and lower the PWM B+ slightly.
102
103
Summary
The regulation path that corrects for B+ variations can be shown in this
chart that begins with an increased load that reduces the B+:
R e g u la t io n f o r I n c r e a s e d L o a d
PW M B+ E rro r o u t Am p P u ls e P u ls e O u tp u t
Q 4 0 2 2 /D IC 4 0 1 1 /6 IC 4 0 0 5 /7 IC 4 0 0 4 /1 Q 4 0 2 2 /G Q 4 0 2 2 /D
DC is W id t h is W id t h is
lo w e r N a rro w e r N a rro w e r

A positive gate pulse is used to turn OFF the P channel PWM output de-
vice (Q4022) so the narrower the pulse, the higher the B+ voltage.
PWM Output Circuit
This output circuit consists of a buffer (Q4015 and Q4014) which is used
to supply drive current to the gate of Q4022. An inverted pulse is output at
Q4022’s drain and applied through FBT T7002 to the horizontal output
transistor Q4018 collector. This PWM voltage serves as the regulated B+
voltage for Q4018.
104
105

Pincushion Correction ch1


PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

ch1: pkpk= 2.06 V


T
ch3: pkpk= 12.0 V

ch2

Electronic pincushion correction is necessary because it is difficult for the ch3


2

yoke to generate perfectly uniform magnetic fields in all areas. Without ch4 1

this circuit a yoke will display a reduced scan creating a caved in hour-
glass picture.
3
CH1!1.00 V=

CH2! 200mV~

CH3!5.00 V= BWL

4
CH4! 100 V= CHP MTB5.00ms ch1-

Black Black
W a v e f o r m P in 1 - P a r a b o la S ig n a l P r o c e s s in g
Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv
Channel 1 E / W p a r a b o la I C 1 3 0 5 / p in 2 0 1 V p -p
Channel 2 R e d u c e d p a r a b o la I C 1 8 0 3 / p in 9 0 .3 V p -p
By increasing the current through the yoke, a larger magnetic field is cre-
Channel 3 C h o p p e d p a r a b o la I C 1 8 0 3 / p in 1 4 1 2 V p -p
ated that will stretch the picture, filling the screen. To produce a straight C N 1 3 0 4 / p in 1
picture, the magnetic field must be increased gradually while the electron Channel 4 P in O u t p u t Q 4 0 2 7 / d r a in 1 4 2 V p -p
beam is scanning from the top down to the center. From the center of the T im e b a s e 5 m s e c / d iv
picture down, the magnetic field intensity should then gradually decrease.
The correction signal required is at a 60 Hz. vertical rate. This signal The 12Vp-p chopped parabola signal is amplified by MOSFET Q4027 and
comes from the Digital Deflection Control IC1305/pin 20. applied to the low end of the yoke (-) via HLC coil L4006. When Q4027
conducts, it shunts the PMC coil L4005, providing a higher current path to
Circuitry
ground for the energy in the yoke. This increases magnetic deflection.
The Digital Deflection Control IC1305 makes the vertical drive signal and The amount of deflection is dependent upon Q4027’s conduction. The
the pincushion correction signal. The correction signal leaves IC1305/pin conduction is based upon the gate’s parabola voltage level.
20 as a parabola waveform labeled EW (east/west correction).
The following waveforms were taken at the same location as above, but at
The low frequency 60Hz signal is added line by line using a horizontal AFC a 10usec/div time base so you can see the horizontal pulses chopping the
pulse input IC1803/pin 8. The output signal at IC1803/pin 14 looks like the vertical parabola.
E/W parabola chopped up at a horizontal rate.
106
107
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

ch1: pkpk= 1.58 V


ch1
T
ch3: pkpk= 12.0 V

ch2

2
ch3

ch4 1

3
CH1!1.00 V=

CH2! 200mV~

CH3!5.00 V= BWL

4
CH4! 100 V= CHP MTB10.0us ch1-

A sample of the horizontal flyback pulse from Q4018’s collector is buff-


ered by Q1804. This signal performs two functions:
1. Pincushion modulation at IC1803/pin 11,
2. Horizontal AFC at IC1305/pin 25 (automatic picture phase lock cor-
rection).
108
109
User Tilt Adjustment
Picture Tilt Circuit
The user has an on screen display (OSD) menu number that displays the
tilt amount from –10 to +10. The number zero should correspond to no
This circuit produces a signal that is applied to the black N/S coil sus-
DC voltage entering the N/S coils if the coarse tilt adjustment in the ser-
pended around the plastic yoke frame by the picture tube bell. This N/S
vice mode is set correctly.
coil serves two purposes:
This chart shows DC circuit voltages at the three settings of the user tilt
1. Left or right picture tilt (rotation); and
control.
2. Horizontal trapezoid correction.
The N/S in N/S coil stands for north/south because it compensates for the Picture Tilt Voltages
north-south terrestrial magnetism. OSD D/A Conv IC1701/pin N/S Output IC1901/pin
Tilt # 3 4 3 6 7 Bet 2-8
Picture Tilt +10 2.4V 4.8V -9.48 -10.1V -10.3 -7.5V
0 2.4V 2.4V -9.44 -9.3V -9.47 0.326
The picture tilt circuit has been added to straighten the picture. The pic- -10 2.4V 0.1V -9.41 -8.5V -8.63 +7.9
ture could have been rotated by earth’s magnetic field and is no longer
parallel to the front panel.
Note that the D/A Converter IC1701/pin 3 voltage does not change with the
Applying a current to a coil of wire creates a magnetic field. As an electron tilt settings. This is because IC1701/pin 3’s voltage is used for trapezoid
beam is passed through this field, the electron beam producing the picture correction, not tilt correction.
will twist. The greater the current, the greater the twist. Reversing the
polarity causes the beam to turn in the opposite direction.
The picture tilt feature in this HDTV can be controlled from the user menu Service Mode Tilt Adjustment
and service mode. The tilt command path from the user menu to the N/S The coarse tilt adjustment is set in the service mode. The data that corre-
coil is shown in the chart below: sponds to the tilt voltage output at D/A Converter IC1701/pin 4 is found in:
P ic tu re T ilt P a th
Category DM; register #6, name = NSCO.
D e v ic e P u rp o s e In O ut
M a in S e le c ts tilt d a ta R e m o te c o n tro l S e ria l b u s d a ta a n d This information is shown this way on the TV screen in the service mode:
M ic ro p re v io u s ly sto re d S IR C S d a ta c lo c k IC 3 2 5 1 /p in s DM 6 31 Service
IC 3 2 5 1 in e x te rn a l IC 3 2 5 1 /p in 7 28 and 31.
m e m o ry . (n o t s h o w n ) NSCO Normal TV
D /A In te rp re ts d a ta to D a ta – p in 2 1 D C v o lta g e – p in 4 . In register #6 there are seven pieces of data, one for each of the 7 seven
C o n v e rte r m ake a D C C lo c k – p in 2 0
IC 1 7 0 1 v o lta g e . picture geometry modes. The Normal 4:3 ratio picture data is shown above.
A m p lifie r E x p a n d s th e 5 V Q 1 9 0 6 /B a s e Q 1 9 0 6 /C o lle c to r
Pressing the Full, Zoom, Caption, and Wide Zoom permits you to access
Q 1906 in p u t ra n g e to a the data for the four other geometry modes. The remaining two modes
+ 1 5 V ra n g e . apply when a HDTV picture is received in the 1080I and 480I line resolu-
O u tp u t C u rre n t d riv e D C in p u t D C d iffe re n tia l tion.
IC 1 9 0 1 IC 1 9 0 1 /p in s 3 o u tp u t @ p in s 2
and 6. and 8. In this typical set, the coarse tilt data level for a normal (4:3 ratio) width
N /S C o il C h a n g e s c u rre n t C N 1 9 0 1 / p in s 1 M a g n e tic fie ld picture is 31. This is corresponded to NO DC voltage applied to the N/S
flo w in to a and 3. coil when the user tilt setting is zero.
m a g n e tic fie ld .
110
111

Horizontal Trapezoid Correction Additional Components


In addition to tilt correction, the N/S coil also performs a mild trapezoid A d d it io n a l C o m p o n e n t s
(keystone) picture correction. This is controlled in the service mode as D e v ic e P u rp o s e
Q 1 9 0 2 N o r m s w it c h R e d u c e s t h e v e r t ic a l s ig n a l t o t h e m u lt ip lie r
register HTPZ #5 in the DM category. The data in the sample set is 32 I C 1 9 0 2 / p in 1 1 d u r in g n o r m a l p ic t u r e w id t h t o
during the normal, full, zoom and CC geometry modes. It is 31 in the two in c r e a s e t h e e f f e c t iv e m u lt ip lie r I C o p e r a t in g
DTV modes. ra n g e .
D 1905 16V Zener P r e v e n t s t h e m u lt ip lie r I C 1 9 0 2 s ig n a l fr o m
Correction data 32 causes D/A Converter IC1701 to output 2.4Vdc from e x c e e d in g t h e + 5 t o – 1 1 V o lt r a n g e .
pin 3. This voltage is applied to the anode of zener diode D1903. As long D 1 9 0 1 D io d e T e m p e r a t u r e s t a b iliz e s I C 1 9 0 1 .
as the zener is forward biased, the cathode will be at 2Vdc (the zener
voltage) higher that the anode voltage. This results in a 2V addition to the
original D/A Converter voltage. The final voltage in this sample set is about
4.3Vdc and is applied to Multiplier IC1902/pin 10 for trapezoid correction
control.
Multiplier IC1902 also has a vertical sawtooth signal input at pin 11 for
trapezoid correction. The polarity and amount of sawtooth signal output is
set by a single DC voltage input IC1902/pin 10.
M u lt ip lie r I C 1 9 0 2 O u t p u t s
“D M ” C a te g o ry In p u t O u t p u t – I C 1 9 0 2 / p in 9
HTPZ r e g is t e r IC 1 9 0 2 V o lt a g e W a v e fo rm
# 5 D a ta p in 1 0
3 2 ( N o r m a l) 4 .4 4 V 0 .2 V p - p , 4 .6 V
0 ( M in im u m ) 2 .1 8 V 3 V p -p , 4 .5 1 V
6 3 ( M a x im u m ) 6 .5 8 V 2 .5 V p - p , 4 .6 8 V
3 4 (n o o u tp u t) 4 .5 8 V 0 .2 V p - p , 4 .6 V --------------------------

The signal from IC1902/pin 9 is coupled by C1905 to the N/S Output Driver
IC1901/pin 6 and 3 and added to the DC picture rotation voltage for trap-
ezoid correction.
112
113

Dynamic Focus Block Dynamic Focus


DC Voltage for Static Focus Voltage (fv) is applied to the focus electrode of
the picture tube from the FBT T7002. This establishes focus on a curve or
Static Focus
arc just behind the flat CRT screen.
An electron beam within the picture tube consists of many electrons that
Dynamic focus voltage comes from transformer DFT T7001. The dy-
are slowed down by the focus electrode and then accelerated by the fol-
namic focus voltage is added to the static focus voltage from FBT T7002
lowing (G5) electrode into a fine point at the screen. The focus point is
to create the final focus voltage (fv) that is applied to the picture tube’s
positioned by adjusting the voltage at the focus electrode relative to the
focus electrode. This voltage corrects the screen’s left and right side fo-
accelerating voltage. The G5 voltage is usually fixed at the HV potential
cus.
from the flyback secondary.
Circuit Block Operation
Electrodes
The four blocks along the top and the three blocks along the bottom of the
Focus Accelerating
dynamic focus block diagram make up the dynamic focus stage that feeds
focus the dynamic focus transformer T7001. The top and bottom blocks have
Elect different purposes:
D y n a m i c F o c u s C ir c u it
Beam
C i r c u it r y P u rp o s e M a jo r P a rts
G5 Four C r e a t e a n d r e g u la t e t h e D C v o lt a g e IC 1 5 0 2 , Q 1 5 0 1 ,
Upper a p p lie d t o t h e D F T T 7 0 0 1 . A h ig h e r 1510, Q 7009
Picture Tube Focus B lo c k s v o lt a g e is u s e d w h e n a w id e p ic t u r e is
s e le c t e d .
The focus points form an arc as the electron beam is moved from side to T h re e M a r k s t h e le ft a n d r ig h t s id e o f t h e IC 1 5 0 2 , Q 1 5 0 5 ,
side (swept) by the magnetic field created by the external horizontal de- Lower s c r e e n f o r d y n a m ic f o c u s in g . Q 1507, Q 1508,
B lo c k s Q 7012
flection yoke. The picture tube glass screens were made into a similar arc
(actually sphere) to maintain focus.
Picture Tube top view right side Top Circuit Blocks
Yoke The pulse mfg. A, buffer, driver and LPF blocks along the top create and
regulate the supply voltage for Driver Q7012. The higher the supply volt-
Electron age applied, the greater the dynamic focus voltage amplitude is generated
Beam Flat picture tube screen for focus correction. A larger dynamic focus voltage is required when the
deflection is at full width.
left side A ramp signal is needed to begin making this supply voltage. Capacitor
C1615 is charged to make this ramp. C1615 is reset using flyback pulses
Focus Arc via Q1614 so the ramp is at the horizontal scan frequency. This ramp is
Modern picture tube screens are flat to reduce annoying room glare. This applied to pulse manufacturing blocks A & B.
means the focus point must be moved up at the left and right sides to
meet the flat picture tube screen.
114
115
The top pulse mfg. A block compares the input ramp to a DC voltage to Output Waveform
produce a pulse. By changing this DC voltage, the pulse width can be A lower DC voltage of 71Vdc in normal picture width causes just the peaks
controlled for more or less dynamic focus correction. More correction is of the bottom waveform to be added to the focus voltage for minimal focus
required during a wide picture so a low input voltage produces a wider low correction. In a wide width picture the focus point must be moved further
going pulse. so a larger 117-supply voltage is produced. The higher voltage increases
The second block is a current buffer (Q1501 and Q1510) that feeds the the amplitude of the sine waveform for greater focus correction.
pulse to driver Q7001 in the third block. The driver amplifies and inverts The resultant FV focus voltage is now a dynamic voltage that adjusts the
the pulse so that a wider low going pulse results in longer conduction time focus point to match the center, left and right sides of the flat TV screen.
for Q7001 and consequently a higher supply voltage.
The fourth LPF block consists of a coil and capacitor that filters the pulse
into a DC voltage. This supply voltage is applied through DFT T7001’s
primary to driver Q7012.
Bottom Circuit Blocks
The pulse mfg. B, inverter/buffer and Q7012 driver circuit blocks along the
bottom of the dynamic focus block diagram is discussed next. The pur-
pose of these blocks is to make a single pulse that identifies the left and
right sides of the screen for dynamic focus correction.
This location pulse is manufactured from the pulse manufacture B block.
A ramp and reference voltage are input to the first block. A pulse is cre-
ated that begins when the electron beam is at the right side of the screen.
After the beam has retraced and ventured into the left side of the screen,
the pulse ends. This pulse marks the area that dynamic focusing takes
place (at the left and right sides of the screen).
The second block inverts this location pulse and buffers it for voltage/cur-
rent gain. The third driver block amplifies this pulse and applies it to the
Dynamic Focus Transformer T7001. In this output stage, the location
pulse is shaped into a sine wave by L/C components. This sine wave is
coupled by T7001 to the DC focus voltage from the FBT, modulating it.
The modulation increases the focus voltage when the electron beams are
at the left and right sides of the screen.
116
117

Dynamic Focus 1 – B+ Mfg. Pulse Manufacture


The horizontal rate ramp signal is input at IC1502/pin 9 and a DC voltage
This first half of the dynamic focus circuitry stage consists of several parts: is input at pin 8 of this comparator. This DC voltage input at pin 8 governs
the output pulse width at IC1502/pin 14. When a normal 4:3 ratio picture is
1. Horizontal ramp manufacture
requested by Main Micro IC3251 (not shown), D/A Converter IC1702/pin 1
2. PWM manufacture
is LOW (1.7Vdc). When a wide 16:9 (called Full, CC, Zoom or HDTV)
3. Current and voltage amplification
picture is requested, D/A Converter IC1702/pin 1 is HIGH (9.7Vdc).
4. Regulation
A 4:3 ratio picture produces a narrow low going output pulse. A wider low
Horizontal Ramp Manufacture
going pulse is output during a 16:9 aspect ratio picture. The signals manu-
Charging capacitor C1615 at IC1502/pin 8 creates a ramp signal (ch 2). factured during a 4:3 and 16:9 picture can be seen in the waveforms be-
Q1614 resets the ramp by using the horizontal pulses. The resultant ramp low.
is at the horizontal scan frequency.
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

ch1: freq= 31.5kHz


PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS ch1 T
ch3: dc = 70.9 V
ch2: pkpk= 7.14 V 1
ch1
ch3: pkpk= 11.9 V ch2

T
ch2
1 ch3

ch3
ch4

CH1!10.0 V=

CH2!50.0 V=
3

3 CH3!50.0 V=
CH1! 500mV= 4
CH4!10.0 V= CHP MTB10.0us ch1-
CH2!5.00 V=

CH3!5.00 V= ALT MTB5.00us- 2.74dv ch1+

W a v e fo rm D F a – N o rm a l 4 :3 a s p e c t ra tio p ic tu re
W a v e fo rm D F h – R a m p O u tp u t
N am e L o c a tio n V o lta g e /d iv
N am e L o c a tio n V o lt a g e /d iv
C hannel 1 D F -V C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 1 1 2 V p -p
Channel 1 FBT P ro b e a t F B T N /A
C hannel 2 A m p lifie d D F -V Q 7 0 0 9 /D 1 3 5 V p -p
C hannel 2 R a m p in p u t IC 1 5 0 2 / p in 9 7 V p -p
C hannel 3 B + to D F T T 7 0 0 1 /p in 1 1 71Vdc
C hannel 3 P u ls e O u t p u t IC 1 5 0 2 / p in 1 4 1 2 V p -p
C hannel 4 D F -D e t C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 2 7 V p -p
T im e b a s e 5 u s e c / d iv
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c /d iv
118
119
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS
D C V o lt a g e O u tp u t t o D F T T 7 0 0 1 /p in 1 1
ch1: freq= 31.5kHz
ch1 T
ch3: dc = 117 V

1
M ode A s p e c t R a tio D C V o lt a g e
ch2
N o rm a l 4 :3 71V
ch3
Z o o m , F u ll, C C , H D T V r e c e p tio n . 1 6 :9 117V
ch4

Regulation
CH1!10.0 V=

C
3 H2!50.0 V= A sample of the dynamic focus voltage from DFT T7001/pin 4 (and the
CH3!50.0 V=
4
CH4!10.0 V= CHP MTB10.0us ch1- FBT pulse) is returned to the first pulse manufacturing stage at IC1502/pin
W a v e fo rm D fb – W id e 1 6 :9 a s p e c t ra tio p ic tu re 8 for regulation. C7019 and C7020 couples the DFT T7001/pin 14 signal
N am e L o c a tio n V o lta g e on the D board to become the DF-Det signal (ch 4).
C hannel 1 D F -V C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 1 1 2 V p -p The DF-DET signal is then rectified by D1502 on the M board before being
C hannel 2 A m p lifie d D F - V Q 7 0 0 9 /D 1 3 5 V p -p buffered by Q1503, inverted by IC1503, and returned to IC1502/pin 8 for
C hannel 3 B + to D F T T 7 0 0 1 /p in 1 1 71Vdc fine pulse width correction. These changes to the static focus voltage will
C hannel 4 D F -D e t C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 2 7 V p -p also result in corresponding changes to the dynamic focus voltage.
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c /d iv
R e g u la t io n V o lt a g e s
M ode D F -D E T D 1502/ D 1504/ IC 1 5 0 3 /
Current and Voltage Amplification C N 1 3 0 3 /2 C a th o d e Anode P in 1 4
The pulse manufactured by comparator IC1502/pin 14 is buffered by Q1501 N o rm a l 4 :3 7 V p -p 3 .2 6 V 4 .5 5 V 1 .7 6 V
and Q1510. It leaves the M board through fusible resistor R1504 at CN1303/ F u ll 1 0 V p -p 6 .0 7 V 7 .3 V 9 .7 V
pin 1 as the DF-V signal (ch 2). Zoom 1 0 V p -p 6 .0 7 V 7 .3 V 9 .7 V
HDTV 1 0 V p -p 6 .0 7 V 7 .3 V 9 .7 V
On the D board, this pulse is amplified and inverted by Q7009. Q7009’s
source is receiving +135Vdc supply voltage that leaves from its drain lead
when turned on (conducting).
As with any MOSFET, when the voltage at its gate is kept at the source
potential, the MOSFET is OFF (no D-S current). As the gate voltage is
brought towards the drain potential, the MOSFET begins to conduct. Un-
like a transistor, conduction begins when the gate voltage is about 2-4
volts.
Therefore when the DF-V pulse brings the gate voltage low, Q7009 con-
ducts, passing the +135Vdc from its source to the drain. The input volt-
age of only 12Vp-p at Q7009’s gate is amplified to 135Vp-p at its drain.
The signal is also inverted. This signal is low pass filtered into a DC volt-
age by L7003 and C7032. The resultant DC voltage is applied to T7001/
pin 11. D7010 at Q7009’s Drain lead prevents a negative voltage there.
The negative voltage is caused by the collapsing field of the resonate tank
circuit connected to the drain lead.
120
121

Dynamic Focus 2 – Location PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

ch2: pkpk= 3.36 V


ch1
ch3: pkpk= 6.11 V

ch2 T

This second half of the dynamic focus circuitry stage consists of several 1

ch3

parts: 2

ch4

1. Horizontal ramp manufacture


2. Pulse manufacture 3

3. Current and voltage amplification CH1!2.00 V=

These circuit parts are similar to the first half of the dynamic focus cir-
CH2!5.00 V=
4
CH3!5.00 V=

cuitry except this stage: CH4! 500mV= ALT MTB5.00us- 2.74dv ch1+

W a v e fo r m D F f - P u ls e M fg .
· Creates a single width pulse instead of two different pulse widths Nam e L o c a tio n V o lta g e /d iv
· Uses an N channel power MOSFET Driver Q7012 instead of a P chan- Channel 1 F B T p u ls e FBT N /A
nel device.
Channel 2 H R e s e t p u ls e Q 1 6 1 4 /b a s e 5 V p -p
The purpose of the stages in the second half of the circuitry is to create a
Channel 3 R a m p v o lta g e Q 1 6 1 4 /c o lle c to r 7 V p -p
pulse that locates the portion of the screen that needs dynamic focus
Channel 4 O u tp u t p u ls e IC 1 5 0 2 /p in 2 1 .4 V p - p
correction. Specifically, it is the area before and after the horizontal re-
T im e b a s e 5 u s e c /d iv
trace pulse that corresponds to the right and left sides of the screen.
The voltage levels that come from the first half of the dynamic circuitry
The low going pulse that outputs comparator IC1502 at pin 2 is reset at the
determine the amount of correction. A higher supply voltage to driver Q7012/
beginning of the next horizontal retrace pulse (Ch 2). To extend the output
D increases its dynamic focus signal level and consequently the amount
pulse further, the comparator above it receives a horizontal retrace pulse
of outer focus correction.
at IC1502/pin 6. The pulse is inverted and combined with the IC1502/pin 2
Horizontal Ramp Manufacture output. Finally, the composite output at IC1502/pins 1 or 2 is a low pulse
Capacitor C1615 at IC1502/pin 8 makes this ramp signal. Q1614 uses that starts before the retrace interval and ends at its conclusion.
horizontal pulses to reset the ramp. The resultant ramp is at the horizon- Current and Voltage Amplification
tal frequency.
The noisy 1.4Vp-p signal from IC1502/pin 2 is amplified by Q1505 and
Pulse Manufacturing buffered by Q1508 and Q1507 for sufficient current gain to drive Q7012.
Dynamic focus driver Q7012 receives the 12Vp-p gate signal and ampli-
There are two inputs in the pulse manufacturing stage. A horizontal ramp
fies it. The amount of its amplification is dependent upon its supplied
waveform is input at IC1502/pin 4 (ch 2). A DC reference voltage is input
voltage. The DC supply voltage is higher for a wider picture. A wider
to pin 5 of this comparator. The reference voltage is chosen to produce a
picture needs more dynamic focus correction at the sides.
low going pulse (ch 4) from the comparator prior to the next FBT retrace
pulse (ch 1). D y n a m ic F o c u s O u t p u t S ig n a l
DC S u p p ly V o lt a g e Q 7 0 1 2 / D r a in
f r o m T 7 0 0 1 / p in 1 1 ( O u t p u t S ig n a l)
N o r m a l 4 : 3 p ic t u r e 71 V 1 7 8 V p -p
W id e 1 6 : 9 p ic t u r e 117V 2 7 3 V p -p
122
123

Summary W a v e f o r m D F g - S i g n a l A m p l if ic a t i o n
N am e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e / d iv
The following waveforms show the operation of the entire stage from pulse C hannel 1 F B T s ig n a l FBT N /A
manufacture (ch 2), through inversion (ch 3), to the final dynamic focus C hannel 2 D e la y e d . p u ls e I C 1 5 0 2 / p in 2 1 .4 V p -p
signal at Q7012/drain (ch 4). Note that the width of the final dynamic focus C hannel 3 D F - D r iv e C N 1 3 0 3 /p in 3 1 2 V p -p
C hannel 4 D y n a m ic fo c u s Q 7 0 1 2 / d r a in 1 7 8 V p -p
signal at Q7012’s drain (ch 3) is now extended beyond the horizontal re- s ig n a l (N o rm )
trace interval. 2 7 3 V p - p ( w id e )
T im e b a s e 1 0 u s e c / d iv
This is a normal and planned characteristic of the resonate output stage
consisting of T7001, C7040 and C7023. When Q7012 is off, the output
stage rings at the resonate frequency. However, when Q7012 is on, L7004 Static MOSFET Resistance Tests
and L7005 are added to the tank circuit, lowering the frequency. The re-
S ta tic M O S F E T R e s is ta n c e T e s ts
sult is that the negative portion of the resonate sine wave is longer than the
+ / - - / +
top. The longer negative portion keeps the pulse at Q7012/drain low for a
G a te – S o u r c e In fin ity In fin ity
longer period than the input gate signal. This is why the drain signal is
G a te - D r a in In fin ity In fin ity
extended beyond the horizontal retrace interval.
D r a in - S o u r c e T h e r e is a z e n e r d io d e c o n n e c te d in te r n a lly
The output pulse width (ch 3) extends beyond the FBT retrace interval (ch a c r o s s th e s e te r m in a ls
1) to mark the left side of the TV screen for focus correction. This means
the final dynamic focus correction signal (Q7012/drain) starts before the
FBT retrace signal and ends after it. This corresponds to the left and right Power MOSET D
side of the TV picture where dynamic focus correction is needed. This TO 220 case
signal is coupled by DFT T7001/pin 4 to the static focus voltage (FBT P or N channel
T7002/pin 16) for dynamic focus correction.
G D S
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS
Operational test
ch1

ch2
1
T
To prove the device is functional:
ch3
2
1. Connect the negative lead of the ohmmeter to the SOURCE lead.
ch4
2. Touch the ohmmeter positive lead to the gate to pre-charge it.
3
3. Connect the ohmmeter positive lead to the DRAIN.
If the device is good you will get a resistance reading of about 400-1k
CH1!5.00 V= ohms.
CH2!2.00 V=

CH3!10.0 V=
4
CH4! 122 V= CHP MTB10.0us ch1+
124
125

Dynamic Quadrapole Focus DQP

Field
There are three types of electron beam focus circuits used in this flat
screen TV:
Static focus – A DC voltage is applied to the picture tube’s focus grid.
This produces a line of focus points forming an arc pivoting at the yoke Beam
where the beam is swept. The focus point can be moved toward or away
from the yoke by changing the DC focus voltage. Neck
Dynamic focus – The electron beam must focus on the screen. Be-
cause the picture tube screen is flat and does not match the focus arc, the Dynamic Quadrapole Circuitry
dynamic focus circuitry moves the focus point up on the left and right
To reshape the spot in the four corners of the picture tube, horizontal and
sides to meet the flat screen.
vertical scanning signals are necessary to locate those corners. They are
Dynamic Quadrapole focus – Static focus places a round focused spot input to the DQP Control IC1604 at pins 19 and 21. Serial data and clock
at any point along the focus arc, perpendicular to the electron beam (spot are input to control the amount of correction signal that outputs as Pa-
1). This focus point was moved to the flat screen with dynamic focusing. rabola signals 1 and 2 (IC1604/pins 4 and 6).
IC 1 6 0 4 Q u a d ra p o le fo c u s C o rre c tio n
Flat screen corner In p u t N a m e In p u t to O u tp u ts
H o riz A F C fro m H o riz O u t D Q P IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 1 9 Q u a d ra p o le
Electron Q 1 8 0 4 /C o lle c to r H o riz o n ta l p u ls e s c o rre c tio n :
beam V e rtic a l B la n k in g p u ls e s D Q P IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 2 1 P a ra b o la 1 fro m
fro m IC 1 3 0 5 /7 V e rtic a l p u ls e s IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 4
spot 2
S e ria l D a ta b u s fro m M a in D Q P IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 1 Q u a d ra p o le
spot 1 M ic ro IC 3 2 5 1 /p in 3 1 c o rre c tio n :
S e ria l C lo c k b u s fro m D Q P IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 2 P a ra b o la 2 fro m
M a in M ic ro IC 3 2 5 1 /p in 2 8 IC 1 6 0 4 /p in 6
Although the beam is focused on the screen, it is no longer round (spot 2)
because of the angle the beam strikes the screen. One side of the elec-
tron beam that strikes the screen (spot 2) travels further, forming an oval DQP Drive
instead of a circle. This oval shape is pronounced at the four corners of
the screen if this correction circuit becomes inoperative. This quadrapole Parabola 1 output from IC1604/pin 4 is current amplified by IC1601 before
focus circuit reshapes the spot by using the magnetic field from four coils being applied to the QP coils. Parabola 2 is inverted by IC1605 before
mounted at the picture tube neck. also being current amplified by IC1602. The inverted signal is applied to
the other end of the QP coils.
The four QP coils work in magnetic pairs; either pushing or pulling the
beam so it is oblong in transition but round at the target screen. The
diagram shows the effects of two facing QP coils:
126
127
The first scope shot shows the parabola 1 signal processing from its be- DQP Magnetic field Drive
ginning at IC1604/pin 4 (ch 1) to the QP coils (ch 3)
PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS
The Dynamic Quadrapole correction signals were provide by parabola 1
ch1 and 2. The higher current used to manufacture the large magnetic fields
ch2
T
in the QP coils and introduce the lower 60 Hz frequency parabola signals
ch3
into the horizontal frequency scan are created by IC1603 and Q1605.
1
The source of this drive signal is comparator IC1603. It manufactures a
2
pulse to mark the areas of the screen that need to be corrected. The
circuit begins when a horizontal ramp is formed by C1616 at IC1603/pin 6.
3
CH1!2.00 V=
The output of this comparator is a low pulse at IC1603/pin 7.
CH2!2.00 V=

CH3!50.0 V= ALT MTB5.00ms PKD ch1+


Because the pulse ends at the beginning of the next horizontal cycle, the
W a v e fo r m D Q P 1 – P a r a b o la 1 P r o c e s s second comparator in IC1603/pins 2-1 is used to extend this low pulse
N am e L o c a t io n V o lta g e through the horizontal retrace interval. This second comparator inverts
C hannel 1 P a r a b o la 1 I C 1 6 0 4 / p in 4 6 V p -p the positive horizontal pulse and outputs it as a low pulse in parallel with
C hannel 2 D r iv e r o u t p u t I C 1 6 0 1 / p in 4 1 V p -p the first comparator output to keep the output low.
C hannel 3 S ig n a l a t Q P c o il C N 1 9 0 2 /p in 6 1 3 5 V p -p
This low going output pulse begins just before the horizontal interval and is
C hannel 4
T im e b a s e 5 m s e c /d iv
applied to DQP driver Q1605. This drive signal applies the parabola 1
and 2 signals to the right and left areas of the screen by permitting QP
correction current to flow through the QP coils at this time.
The second scope shot shows the parabola 2 signal processing from its PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS

beginning at IC1604/pin 6 (ch 1) to the QP coils (ch 4) ch1

PM3394, FLUKE & PHILIPS ch2 1

ch1 T
ch3

ch2
ch4

ch3
3

1
ch4

3
2
CH1!5.00 V~

CH2!5.00 V=

CH3!10.0 V=

4
CH4!50.0 V= ALT MTB5.00us ch1+
CH1!2.00 V=
4
CH2!2.00 V=

CH3!1.00 V~ STOP ENV

CH4! 100 V= CHP MTB5.00ms ch1+


W a v e f o r m D Q P 3 – M a g n e tic f ie ld D r iv e
N am e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e /d iv
W a v e f o r m D Q P 2 – P a r a b o la 2 P r o c e s s C hannel 1 F B T p u ls e FBT N /A
Nam e L o c a t io n V o lt a g e C hannel 2 H ra m p IC 1 6 0 3 / p in 6 7 V p -p
Channel 1 P a r a b o la 2 I C 1 6 0 4 / p in 6 2 V p -p C hannel 3 D r iv e p u ls e IC 1 6 0 3 / p in 7 1 2 V p -p
Channel 2 In v e rte r o u tp u t I C 1 6 0 5 / p in 1 1 V p -p C hannel 4 Q P D r iv e s ig n a l Q 1 6 0 5 /D r a in 1 3 5 V p -p
Channel 3 D r iv e r o u t p u t I C 1 6 0 2 / p in 4 1 .5 V p -p T im e b a s e 5 u s e c / d iv
Channel 4 S ig n a l a t Q P c o il C N 1 9 0 2 / p in 3 3 0 0 V p -p
T im e b a s e 5 m s e c / d iv
128
i

Appendix
Heartbeat LED
Set-Back Box (flashing red) Power-on LED (solid red)

Front-end DTV-98 Board


board
Error LED
(red when Power
lit) Supply

DTV Signal
LED (green
when lit)

VHF/HUF Antenna Connector I/O Connector

Power-on LED (red): Lit whenever SBB is powered on.


Heartbeat LED (red): Flashes at a steady rate when unit is powered on; indicates
that SBB operating program is running.
DTV Signal LED (illuminates green when DTV signal is being received): Should
be on steady when the TV is tuned to a DTV station in the customer’s reception
area and the customer has a good antenna that is pointed properly.
Error LED (illuminates with a flash of red light whenever a non-correctable error
is detected in the DTV data).
When the TV is tuned to a valid DTV channel, the Power-on LED should be on
steadily, the heartbeat LED should be flashing, the DTV Signal LED should be lit.
Using LEDs inside the Set-back Box (“SBB”) as The two LED’s on the front-end board may be clear in color when they are
not lit, but when lit, one will be red and the other will be green. When the
troubleshooting tools.
SBB is receiving a valid DTV signal on the physical channel it is tuned
There are four LEDs inside the SBB that can be used to identify certain to, the green LED will be lit. The red led will light only when a valid DTV
levels of functionality. The LEDs can be seen by looking through the signal is being received (green LED is lit) and errors in the received data
vent slots in the SBB top cabinet. Two are mounted on the tuner board could not be corrected by the SBB’s error correction software. Very often,
(also known as “Front-end” or “FE” board), and two are mounted on the a non-recoverable error (red LED on the front-end board flashed) will be
main board (also known as the DTV-98 board). accompanied by a viewable abnormality in the picture (digital artifacts such
as pixelization, tiling, blocking, and freezing). The best installation is one
where the green LED is lit when the SBB is tuned to a valid DTV channel
The red power LED on the DTV-98 board should be on whenever the SBB
and the red LED never illuminates
is powered on by a control signal from the TV. In practice, the power LED
should be on whenever the I/O cable is connected and the TV is also
powered on.

Another red LED on DTV-98 board is the “heartbeat” LED, which should
be flashing at a steady rate whenever the SBB is on. This heartbeat indi-
cates that the operating program used to run the CPU in the SBB is run-
ning properly, i.e. the program is not locked up.

ii
iii
Board Replacement
Board Removal Functions Possible Failure Symptom(s) After board replacement
A Input Video & DVD 1. Loss of color, or luminance (B & V boards also May have to program TV stations in
The A board is plugged into switching, Y/C separation, possible). again for faster station capture.
the G board and secured Closed Caption, Main and 2. Inability to receive TV, PIP, Video, DVD or standard Verify PIP, DVD and Video inputs
with a plastic L bracket. Sub tuners and picture definition (SD) Digital TV. (B board also possible). work.
Remove the plastic L processing. 3. No closed caption in the main or sub pictures.
bracket from the G board by
squeezing the tabs under
the G board.
V Digital processing for 1. Solariztion (bright splotches in the picture). Verify main NTSC and Twin View
The V board is plugged into standard definition (525 line) 2. Large squares in the picture. pictures.
the G board. Pry the socket input, PIP processing. 3. One picture missing in twin view (A board also Transplant shielding to new board.
tabs outward while rocking possible). Check to see that contrast and color
the V board out. 4. Noise in the main picture but not in the Twin View. levels are similar when switching
5. Loss of color, or luminance (A & B boards also between NTSC and DTV pictures. If
possible). not, follow the procedure is on pages
6. Standby light blinks 6 times pauses and repeats ___ of the adjustment manual.
(+5VOCP)
B Main Micro Processing, 1. No OSD menu or channel numbers (also no sync from ♦ Transplant memory IC3252 in an
The B board is plugged into Sound Effect Processing for D, or M, board). anti -static atmosphere or
the G board and secured Dolby inputs, 2. No or constant audio or video muting. ♦ Enter the service mode and press
with a plastic L bracket. Video Processing, 3. Inconstant contrast or color between the Twin View 08 enter to load defaults into a
Remove the plastic L Video & some deflection pictures, Full width NTSC and DTV pictures. blank memory.
bracket from the G board by memory. 4. Distorted or no sound effects (Thru-Sourround and ♦ Adjust the contrast, color level and
squeezing the tabs under Simulated). hue for the two Twin View
the G board. 5. Can not select Main Video and/or HDTV video signal pictures, Full width NTSC and
Note that white connectors from the set-back box (Setback box also possible). DTV picture so the picture is of
CN3002 & CN3007 are not Sound switches OK but no video. equal contrast and color intensity
used. 6. No vertical or horizontal sync (M board also possible). as the pictures are switched. The
7. Will not hold last volume level at power off. procedure is on pages ___ of the
8. Will not hold individual settings for the 7 picture sizes adjustment manual.
(normal, full, zoom, etc). ♦ Perform the size adjustments for
9. Standby light blinks 5 times pauses and repeats (IK all the 7 picture sizes (normal, full,
white balance failure). zoom, etc) on pages _____ of the
adjustment manual.

iv
v
M Channel and picture size 1. No VHF/Cable channel memory (no channel up/down Transplant memory IC1304 in an anti -
The M board is held down memory, Picture width function). static atmosphere or load default data
with two screws. control, H & V oscillator, 2. Picture convergence, size, position, pincushion can not for SDA9361 and DM groups.
Picture tilt, Dynamic focus, be adjusted or will not hold in memory. Perform the size adjustments for all
Pincushion. 3. Picture changes in size (horizontally and vertically). the 7 picture sizes (normal, full, zoom,
4. No picture sync (B board also) etc) on pages _____ of the adjustment
5. Shutdown (G & D boards also) manual.
6. Poor focus at sides/corners.
D Horizontal Output 1. Shutdown (M & G boards also). See Protection Circuit Touch up adjustments of picture size
Four screws Vertical Output 3 for procedure to determine if this board is at fault. and position. (picture distortion
Horiz. Centering 2. Standby light blinks 2 times pauses and repeats adjustments are on page __ of the adj
Dynamic Focus Output (OCP). manual.)
3. Standby light blinks 4 times pauses and repeats (No
Vert).
G Power Supply 1. Dead set (D & K boards also). Inspect picture for noise due to loose
Remove rear panel & 2. Shutdown (D & M, C, & K boards also. K = audio shielding on adjacent plug in boards.
ground shield. Unscrew output)
board and lift out with 3 3. Standby light blinks 3 times pauses and repeats
boards plugged into it. (OVP).
Unclamp the outer 2 (A & B) 4. Standby light blinks 6 times pauses and repeats (+5V
boards that plug into the G OVP. V board also possible as +5V OCP).
board from the bottom and
unplug the middle V board.
K Audio Output Dead set (D & G boards also). Check that both channels are at equal
1 screw and plastic flap at volume.
rear panel.
C CRT Drive 5. Shutdown (D & M, G, & K boards also). None
1. Standby light blinks 5 times pauses and repeats (IK
white balance failure). (B board also).
C 2101- 3 P ix M a s k in g / C r o p p i n g P r o c e s s o r B
Service Mode Display IC 3 0 0 5
C 2101- 4 C o n t r a s t , b r ig h t , c o l o r ( m a i n a n d B
D T V ) P r o c e s s o r IC 3 0 0 5
Service mode initial display: C h ro m a 1 M a in P i x C o n t r a s t , b r i g h t , c o l o r .
IC 2 4 0 4
A

C h ro m a 2 S u b P ix C o n t r a s t, b r ig h t, c o lo r . A
IC 2 4 0 3
SDA9361 0 141 Service C XD2053 D a t a is f i x e d a t 0 . T h is I C is n o t
u s e d in t h e U S A s e t .
VPOS Normal TV AP V o lu m e , B a la n c e , T & B . A u d io B
IC 3 1 0 3
TC 9447F S u rr o u n d P ro c e s s o r IC 3 1 0 1 B
3D HH M a in S i g n a l C o m b f i l t e r I C 2 2 0 2 A
M ID T w in V ie w P r o c e s s I C 5 0 6 V
DTV D T V ’s V & H P o s itio n
FE S e t - b a c k b o x d a t a l o a d e d d u r in g
D T V a u t o - p r o g r a m m in g .
Version 4.1 NVM: G G O P O S D , m a in , s u b p ix p o s i t i o n
VPO S v a r io u s I n d iv i d u a l a d j u s t m e n t r e g i s t e r n a m e s
0 E a c h a d j u s t m e n t r e g is t e r is n u m b e r e d .
141 D a ta r e p r e s e n tin g t h e le v e l o f a d ju s tm e n t
D e s c r ip t io n o f t h e S e r v ic e M o d e In f o r m a ti o n S e rv ic e none T h e w o r d id e n tifie s s e r v ic e m o d e e n tr y .
In it ia l O th e r D e s c r ip tio n Bd TV V id e o 1 - 3 , I d e n t i f i e s t h e i n p u t u s e d f o r t h e d i s p la y .
DVD, HD-
d is p la y nam es
no sync.
e x a m p le
N V M :G G N V M :N G G D is p l a y s t h e c o n d it i o n o f t h e N o n - V o l a t i le
SDA 9361 SDA9361 D e fle c tio n p a r a m e t e r s IC 1 3 0 5 ( E a c h M N V M :G N G M e m o r y I C s . T h e fir s t G = IC 3 2 5 2 o n t h e B
(N a m e s o f r e g is t e r h a s d a ta c o rr e s p o n d in g to b o a rd . T h e s e c o n d G = IC 1 3 0 4 o n th e M
th e 7 p ix g e o m e tr y m o d e s ) . b o a rd .
r e g is t e r
G ro u p s . DM C o n v e r g e n c e / F o c u s . IC 1 7 0 1 ( E a c h M V e rs io n : M a in M i c r o v e r s i o n
4 .1
IC n a m e r e g is t e r h a s d a ta c o rr e s p o n d in g to
is o f te n th e 7 p ix g e o m e tr y m o d e s ) .
used) C XA8070 S ta t ic C o n v e r g e n c e IC 1 4 0 2 ( E a c h M
r e g is t e r h a s d a ta c o rr e s p o n d in g to
th e 7 p ix g e o m e tr y m o d e s ) .
D E F -A d j H o r iz p o s itio n /s iz e . D /A C o n v M
IC 1 7 0 1 - 2 ( E a c h r e g is t e r h a s d a t a
c o r r e s p o n d in g to th e 7 p ix g e o m e tr y
m o d e s ).
C 2101- 1 V id e o D r iv e . P r o c e s s o r IC 3 0 0 5 B
C 2101- 2 In p u t S e le c t, A K B . P r o c e s s o r B
IC 3 0 0 5

vi
vii

Adjustment Data by Geometry C2101- 1 3 N o r m a l, H D - D T V , a n d t h e 5


o th e rs .
Some registers contain data that is stored in a single memory location. C2101- 2 2 H D -D T V , a n d th e 6 o th e rs
Other registers have multiple memory locations. These multiple C2101- 3 2 H D -D T V , a n d th e 6 o th e rs
memory registers have data stored by picture geometry. C2101- 4 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
There are seven picture geometry modes
C h ro m a 1 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
1. Normal – 4:3 aspect ratio picture with black borders. th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
2. Full - 4:3 picture stretched to fill the 16:9 picture tube. C h ro m a 2 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
3. Caption – Full picture but compressed on bottom to see lettering.
CXD2053 0 N o t u s e d in t h is s e t.
4. Zoom – 4:3 picture expanded horizontally and vertical to maintain the
AP 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
aspect 4:3 ratio of the picture. th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
5. Wide Zoom – Full picture but equally compressed on top and bot- TC9447F 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
tom. th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
6. SD – DTV – Standard definition digital reception presented in the 3DHH 2 H D -D T V , a n d th e 6 o th e rs
transmitted 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio. M ID 2 H D -D T V , a n d th e 6 o th e rs
7. HD – DTV – High definition digital reception presented in the trans- DTV 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
mitted 16:9 aspect ratio.
FE 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
When the geometry is changed, the data may be different for each of th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
the pictures. For example in the HSIZ (horizontal size) register within OP 1 T h e d a t a is t h e s a m e r e g a r d le s s o f
group SDA9361, the data for a normal picture and a full picture will be th e g e o m e try m o d e s .
different because the pictures are of different widths. However, it is
expected that the horizontal data to be the same between the full and
caption geometry modes since the horizontal width is the same (only
the vertical linearity is different).

N u m b e r o f M e m o r y L o c a t io n s p e r R e g is t e r
R e g is t e r N um ber of M e m o r y L o c a t io n N a m e s
G ro u p N a m e m e m ory ( G e o m e tr y m o d e s )
lo c a t io n s / r e g is t e r
SDA9361 7 N o r m a l, F u ll, C a p t io n , Z o o m , W id e
Z o o m , S D -D T V , H D -D T V .
DM 7 N o r m a l, F u ll, C a p t io n , Z o o m , W id e
Z o o m , S D -D T V , H D -D T V .
CXA8070 7 N o r m a l, F u ll, C a p t io n , Z o o m , W id e
Z o o m , S D -D T V , H D -D T V .
D E F -A d j 7 N o r m a l, F u ll, C a p t io n , Z o o m , W id e
Z o o m , S D -D T V , H D -D T V .

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