BANARAS HINDU UNEVERSITY

SESSION 2010-2011

Project (Travel and

tourism management )
on

INDIAN
TRADITIONAL
HERITAGE

Submitted to submitted by

.Dr.Sanjeev milan sonkar

Professor ( history Department) TTM ,BA

VCM ,BHU VNS

Introduction

INDIAN TRADITION HERITAGE

The Indus valley people, who were in all probability somehow

related to the Sumerians, have left in the buried remarkable mark
of their civilization. It has been suggest that a statuette found in
Mohanjodaro probably represent an ascetic in the yogic posture.

Harappa a site which was very probably a hall of sacrificial fire. In

the museum in Harappa a pottery painting which seemed to portray
the belief in the post –mortem existence of the soul and its future
destiny? These people live in brick – built in a closely compact
fashion , which gave the protection from outside enemies and also
afforded many amenities of the civilized life .

The Vedic literature that has come down to us by oral tradition

forms the earliest composition of the Aryan people.

Cultural heritage tourism

Heritage tourism is a leisure trip whit the primary of visiting

historic, cultural, recreationl and scenic attrection to lean more
about the past in an enjoable way . The cultural heritage traveler is
someone who wants to experience an aunthenice and distinct sens
of place , and is happy to pay for the privilege of doing so .Cultural
heritage tourism is not necessarily about attrecting new tourist . It
is about attercting more “high-valu visitor” people who will stay
longer and spend more .

Cultural tourism is tourism involving cultural , especially when

there is no attempt form to open the debat around the concept of
cultural . what we see in practice is a received difenition of
cultural ,located within the tadition of high art and heritage
cultures. There many difinations of culture which challenge this sa
fe and comftable definition.

The cultural tourism offer also exploits and explores these

preconsturcted notion of what the cultural tourism experience
‘sould’ be . The third element in this dyanmic relationship come
form the enterprenures who put together element of the available
culutal for emmediate consumtion of the tourists . this gourp have
their own cultural values , some drawing from the link to cultural
groups othre owing more to a business culturale. These influences
do effect the offer made to the tourist and consitute the basice of
the dynamic being addressed here.

Benefit of cultural tourism

The benefits of other heritage tourism can be far reaching. for
communities ,it can strengthen the local economy ; promote
resource protection , increase visitor expenditure ,generate
employment ;preserve the unique character of a community ,
increase community pride , and awareness of community
resources increase tax receipts; and stimulate economic growth.

It can assist the cultural heritage resources themselves by

augmenting revenues in appropriate and sustainable ways;
fortifying cultural heritage resources though a stronger base of
cooperation; fostering recognition of the economic contribution of
the cultural heritage resources on a regional and community level;
and strengthening the preservation, protection and presentation of
the resources.

Finally, on the state level, cultural heritage tourism encourages the

protection and continued use of cultural heritage resources, which
is important to the quality of life and economy well begin of the
state. It strengthens cultural heritage resources, and the tourism
industry; it is an integral complementary element of the recreation
and leisure environment of the state and stimulates revenues in
appropriate and sustainable ways.

Cultural heritage tourism is no magic bullet. It takes time,

commitment, a desire to share asset, and most of ability to work
with non –traditional partners. When done right, the community
and the resources benefit .by its very nature, cultural heritage
tourism product cultural and nature resources in villages, town and
city. It also provides an it opportunity to educate residents and
visitor about and regional history and tradition. And it can help
build closer and stronger community though civic leader ship.

The economic benefit not already mention include diversification

in the service industry ,manufacturing , and agriculture,
encouragement of ocal ownership of small business,higer propty
value, incres sales.

BUDDHISM AND JAINISM

Buddhist and Jain as having made attempt to enunciate

philosophical doctrines as early as the six century B.C. and
expanded through criticism by rival sect within the faith and try
thought external criticism by rival faiths .

We cannot forget in this connection that the sorties and instruction

contained in our various Niti- sastras always keep us wakeful
about the correct behavior in society of normal person in
various situation .

RESIDENT CULTURE

Resident cultures are dynamic and developing.

They contain some point of fixity and some of the historical

memory, but they will also come to
historical interpretations as the connotations of those moment
will be challenged by the change within the resident culture .

Contain new elements as they continue develop. this place the

cultural dynamic as they forefront of concern with cultural as
lived realty and also

We should acknowledge its impact on the cultural dynamics of

the societies.

underpin the need to the reconsider carefully The cultural

setting of the tourism should also be seen an as important
consideration in the development of tourism, even there are
not explicitly acknowledge as such in the planning tourism .
satellite link carried Hungarian , German , French , Spanish ,
Italian , polis , Russian and American station into the heart
of the rural communities . This is should not be surprise us but

TOURISTIC CULTURES

Touristic bring with them a set of cultural baggage ,

sometime as well matched as their hand luggage but often
unconfirmed and managing to conation several different
cultural element which if explicated would prove to be
contradictory. The cultural understanding and cultural expectation
vary across time, geography and experience.
What are seen as responsible pattern are themselves culturally
specific and formulation of the to be understood in welcoming
tourist form different cultural background .

The isolation of the tourism experience form the local

environment and the local people , with pleasure of the
experience being taken form the contrive attraction designed
for their entertainment .

ENTERPRENEURIAL CULTURES

Working with groups involves in promoting new art festivals and

wine tourism in hungry , it became apart that the two groups
shared differences expectation about tourism and about the
relationship between what they were doing and what the tourist
would want. This close led to severe different in decisions about
how they should address the demands.

Historically there is a long tradition of local wine production

for local consumption, base around small vineyard. The
entrepreneurial spirit has to be important but the focus of
the activity has to be clarified. The development of the culture
more widely, than the addition of visitor facilities may not
such a commercial way .

CULURAL TOURISM AS LAND MINE

THE Concept of the cultural of the land mine deserves some
nun acing. This “good new, bed new: scenario. Most
heritage institution has founded to serve him public.

But the realty is that it is more often the promises of

the economic benefit through tourism development that
loosens that the purse string of investor be they form the
private and the public sector. It can be virtuous circle.
visitor spend money that in turn is spent, other thing , on
improving the “heritage product " on the offer . these
improvement help to attract more visitor , greater
expenditure , further improvement, and so on .

Architecture heritage

The history of India and its has been so bound up with

the geographic nature of this vast continent that
something must be said of these physical characteristic
. India has a kind of sealed funnel depending form the
of Asia.
All form of the Indian art has been spiritual and
all form of traditions of art has been profoundly
conventional. The Hindu temple architecture develops
over two thousand years . The

Architecture evaluation of the temple took place with the rigid

formworks driven entirely from religious thoughtfulness.

Therefore the architect was bound to keep to the ancient

primary dimensions and strict configuration, which
remained unaltered over the period of time.

The architectural element and decorative details in

the temple had their origin in the early wood, timber and
thatch in the stone structures even though the original
purpose and context was lost.

This can be studied form the horseshoe shaped

window . The origin of this type of window
can be trace form the Chaitya arch doorway first at
the Lomash Rishi cave in the Barabar Hills used
in the third century BC. It was transformed later
into a dormer window know as a gavaksha and
eventually it was used strictly as the decorative
design of interlaced form seen on towers of
medieval temple.
The architect and sculptor were given a plenty of
freedom in the ornamentation and decoration of the
temples. This resulted in an overwhelming riches of architecture
element; characteristic feature of Indian temple architecture has
few analogues in the aesthetic manifestation of the whole world
.the distinct architectural styles of temple construction of north
India the south India was the result of the board geographical,
climatic, ethnic, racial historical and linguistic difference result,
from early on, in .

The vastu Shasatra, the ancient

canonical texts on architecture , classify temples into

three different orders the Nagara or the Indo Aryan or
northern style the Dravina or the Southern style and the
Mixed style of temple architecture . there are also
define religious style in peripheral area like
Bengal , Kerala and the Himalaya area .

In the early year when the temples building had

begum , the shape of their superstructure can distinguish
the two style . the most significant between the later
northern and southern style are gateway. The shikara in
the north Indian temple remained the most prominent
component of the temple and the gateway was
ordinarily unassuming .
The south temple the enclosure walls were built around
whole complex . Elaborate and often magnificent
gateway called gopurms were set ideally set along east
-west south north axes of these walls which led the
devotee into the sacred courtyard . Less obvious difference
between the two main temple types including the ground
plan. The interior and the range of the outside walls
and the interior and range of the range off the decorative
element that are sometime so numerous as to almost
obscure the underlying architecture .

The best examples of the north Indian style of temple

architecture are the Khajuraho group of the north Indian
gourp of temple , Sun temple Konark , Surya temples
Medhera , Gujarat and Ossian Temple , Gujarat . the
finest example of Dravidian Style are temple of Tanjore
, Madurai ,Mahabalipuram Badami Pattadakal and
Kanchipuram .

Temple

Intro - the temple of south India are the matrixes of

the architecture , even though their beginning were
pastoral and agricultural . the guardian deity of the
earliest form of temple architecture of sourrnding by
terracotta horses on which Ayyanar supposedly rode for
her during nocturnal vigils .

In tradition people also worshipped with Durga . the

first temple of worship made for her were humble
thatch huts under shade of trre in the village common
.

While this tradition is still prevalent in south Indian ,

temple architecture as a building mode has become the
pride of its Kingdom , with the bigger and more
ornamental buildings having been created by each
dynasty of rules . these houses of worship that began
as simple sanctum

Cultural Heritage Tourism in India

2

The roots of Indian civilization stretch

Back in time to prerecorded history . the earliest human

activity in the activity in the Indian sub canton can be
traced back to early , middle and late stone age
thorough 400,000 - 200,000 BC. Throughout its history
armies traders and immigrants from all over the
world multiple facets like performing art , craft , religions
, customs , tradition , belief , philosophy , history health ,
medicine , travel , cuisine , monument , literature , painting
and language .

Each one of these heritage of India reflects the influence of

prevailing cultures . these were the cultures primarily
taken bath from the amalgamation of migration cultures
with the Indian ones . Nevertheless today its medical ,
scientific , and philosophical heritage has made a mark of
its one the world . Know , much of it still needs to
unbelted. Heritage in India.com would provide you all the
information that you need on Indian heritage in order
to understand this great contrary and prepare yourself
for the tour of India .
 To understand the heritage of and cultures of India
and a much better way select one of the Heritage tour
of India . these the most comprehensive and the visitor
friendly tours coming out of India . Our heritage capture
the essence of India in all form and color .

Tradition health and medicine of the India have the

ancient treatise like Ayurveda the experiment done by
ancient Gurus . these health systems not only aimed at
curbing people form disease
they were also aimed at the cleaning your body and
mind .

Traditional health science of the different part of India

mainly originate from Ayurvedic system of the
medicine . Another important way of keeping your
body and soul fit was Yoga, participated by the
great souls of ancient India.

INDIAN FESTIVALE
NO matter which time of the year you tour
India , there is always one or the other festival
being celebrated in some corner of the
country . In fact festival

Season is the best time to tour India .

Heritage tour of the India takes one

to different part of the country and provides

an opportunity to get a glimpse of Indian
culture and festival s . But festival . India is
the land of deferent faiths and religions and
that is exactly what adds variety to Indian festivals
.

but festivals in India are not confined to

religious season, celebrate a historical or mythical
event .

besides , Indian has a few national festivals

like the Independence day and Republic Day that

are a treat to watch Gaiety , color

enthusiasm and feast are what define festivals

in India .
in fact festive occasion are best time to travel
and make merry . Indian has a number of festival
that are celebrate through out the year .

If Lohri celebrate the end of the cold day s

and chilly night in January , Holi in March -
April is the time to color your loved ones
with the different kind of colors .

These two festivals are mostly calibrating the North

India. January is also the time to see virtually
entire Indian converge at New Delhi , the
capital of India for republic day celebrations.

The other national festival - independence Day

on the 15th August Is also celebrate in all part
of the country . India has a number of festivals
that are celebrate in different part of the
country

Many type of festivals Celebrations

In India - Diwali these are religious festival of

Hindu . Dusshera - Celebrate to Durga puja in India .
Holi - this is colorful festivals.
These are main festival Celebrate in north India,
south India Celebrate Onam and Pongal . Bihu is the
main festival of Assam in the north – east
India . Apart from these popular festival that
draw tourist from India abroad .

Some of the most wonderful festivals that you

can enjoy include kullu Dusshera in Himachal Pradesh,
hemis festivals in Leh - Ladakh and bastar
Desshera in Chhattisgarh . Discover the land of
myriad culture on

Heritage in India

INDIAN ART AND SCULPTER

The early phase in classical Indian art as outlined

above , represent a formative stage in which
foundations were laid of those trend and
tendencies that were to form the essential and
characteristic qualities of later India sculpture .
 India is endowed with a rich cultural legacy of art
and architecture . The numerous beautiful temple and
other monuments bear testimony to the rich Indian
cultural heritage of the art architectures . the Ajanta
and Ellora caves in Maharashtra , the Khajuraho
temple in Madhya Pradesh , konark temple in puri ,
shore Temple at Mahablipuram in Tamil nadu and
the Taj Mahal in Agra are some of the beautiful
monument that reflect the rich architecture heritage of
India .

Apart from these two well define center there

flourished a prolific school in the north- western part of
India , a school that owed its origin to an extraneous
and eclectic art India tradition commission to serve an
Indian religion . Western India the rock cut cave . with
these achievement in the early centuries of the Christian
era classical Indian art reach . its fruition in the age
of the Gupta who establish there hegemony over
Northern India in the fourth century A. D.

Indian painting can be divided into main

categories as the miniatures . Mural are referred
to large works of the art on the executed on the
the scale .

Rajasthan and Mughal panting are the two example of

the miniature painting s . some of the popular painting
form include the Tanjor painting , Tamil Nadu Madhubani
painting of Bihar Kalamkuri painting of Andhra perdesh
and pitharo painting of Gujarat . Another hallmark
of Indian art and craft is the sculpture that adorn
many temple wall .

Mathura - A particular kind of Mathura

sculpture is represented by votive slabs , kwon as
agayapat as, which were erected in Jain shrines
adoration of the arhtats . to this class belong also
that so the called Holi relief the physicals and worldly
aspect of art so clearly emphasized in the Mathura
school , is seen in its valiant frenzy in the contemporary
of art Vengi in south India . the vast repertoire of the
Mathura school may be recognized to be a natural
and consists of early Indian art with its foundation
of Indian soil and ingenious trend tradition of the
closing countries .
Extraneous influence naturally reached Mathura apparently
also in her artistic pursuits , but such extraneous contact
remained as mere incidence and the course of the
indigenous art movement was is no disturbed . the
prevailing and dominate tradition was Indian
character . Rather , whatever touched upon it was drawn
into the basis’ fabric of Indian art continue unhampered
and Mathura bequeathed its rich heritage to the
development of Indian art .

Gandhara - the sculpture of the gandhar country

embracing the north western providence of India
part of Afaganithan

The gandhara movement is usually describe as Greco –

Buddhist , but it has to borne in mind that the school
comes into only view after Greek domination of
the part of India is already a think of Past .

In the fabric of Indian art as a whole the Gandhar

school occupied noting more than of a mere
passing phase and has but very little
contribution , except in a few motif which again
were quaky Indianan . In aesthetic import and
significant the product of this school can hardly
be compare to the spontaneous production at Bh
Arhut , sanchi or with those the later school of
the Gupata and pallava period with all their
emotional and spiritual content .

The sculpture in various place in India reflect

the talent and creativity of Indian artesian. The
rock cut art of sculpting was believed to be
perfected by Buddhist and followed by Hindu
ruler . The sculpture that we see in many temple
and other historic place are made of granite
and terracotta.

Indian music and dance

Music known no boundaries so say a popular proves

and perhaps no country symbolize this fact better then
INDIA dose . India is not only the land where
people of the differences faiths and religious live in
harmony but it is also the land were diverse musical
note and string produce riveting symphony . Musical
heritage of India unique kind of experience that take
one beyond the obvious . Music heritage of India
touches the inner core of a tourist heart and take
them to a higher plane . There are so many aspect of
the musical heritage of India that one of need a
life time to understand the natty gritty of Indian
music . India has a musical heritage believes in
touching the soul. Music, in short , is meritorious
if conducive to love of god but sinful if it arouses
sensuous passion .

The music of India include multiple varieties of folk

, popular , pop and classical music. India s classical
music tradition , including caryatid and Hindustani
music has a history spanning millennia and, develop
over several eras , remain fundamental to the lives of
Indians dozen ethnic group , speaking their own
languages and dialect . Alongside distinctly
subcontinnatal form there are major influences form
Persian, Arabic , Turkish and British music . Indian
genres like filmi and b sangeet” hangar have become
popular throughout the united Kingdom, south
and east Asia , and Asia , and around the world .
The music of is one of the oldest unbroken musical
tradition in the world . It is said that the origins
and develop of Indian classical music. Such
legends go a long way in showing the impotence
that has in defining Indian culture.

However the advent of modern historical and

cultural research has also given us a good perspective
on the field.

The basic for Indian music is “sangeet”. sangeet is a

combination of three art form : vocal music , instrumental
music and dance .

Manly musical instruments are peculiar to India. The most

famous are the Sitar and 4 Tablas. However there are
many more that the average person may not be familiar
with. All this make up the complex and exacting field
of Indian classical music . Its understanding easily
consumes an entire lifetime.
The two main tradition of classical have been carnatic
music , found predominantly in the region s Hindustani
music , found on the northern and central part .

Every year a number of music festivals take place in

different corner of indie . The most of the times, the
venues ear these festivals are some impotent heritage

Monument, such as the Taj Mahal, Konark Temple. these

festival not only provide an opportunity to listen to
some of the most respected name in Indian music but
also offer a the most respected name in a chance to
see these performances in the backdrop of some beautiful
monuments . some of the music festival s that take
place every year include Sangee Natak Academic’s
festivals New Delhi, Tansen

Festival Gwalior ( December) , Sur - sringar Festival ,

Bombay (November) , Tyagaraja Festival and
Shanmukhananda music , dance . Coincide your tour to
India with some of these festivals and enjoy the musical
heritage of India with heritage in India.

Temple
Intro - the temple of south India are the
matrixes of the architecture , even though
their beginning were pastoral and
agricultural . the guardian deity of the
earliest form of temple architecture of
sourrnding by terracotta horses on which
Ayyanar supposedly rode for her during
nocturnal vigils .

In tradition people also worshipped with

Durga . the first temple of worship made
for her were humble thatch huts under
shade of tree in the village common .

While this tradition is still prevalent in south

Indian , temple architecture as a building
mode has become the pride of its
Kingdom , with the bigger and more
ornamental buildings having been created by
each dynasty of rules . these houses of
worship that began as simple sanctum.

. Pallava rock cut temple

Mahablipuram shore Temple

Five Rath Mhablipuram

 Vijaynagar Temple

Thousand Pillared Hall

Minakshi temple Maduri

 Kartikaya Temple

Hnamkonda Temple

These temple are situated in Andhra Pradesh.

The Kashi Vishwanath Temple
This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is popularly
known as the golden Temple due the Gold plating done
on its 15.5 meter high spire. One ton of gold donated by
Maharaja Ranjit Singh has been used in the gold plating of
the spire. The temple was destroyed in the various
invasions and was rebuilt in 1776 by Rani Ahilyabai of
Indore.

MONUMENT OF INDIA

India has several beautiful and splendid

monument who their execution and creation to
the imagination of men who dared to
extend their idea to the farthest limit of
human thought .

As King and emperors , they were able to

translate their ideas into bricks , mortar ,
marble and stone.

These monument range through a span

of centuries and the major philosophies of
the world . the temple is situated the
northern corner of Puri .

The name Konark is derive from the words

Kona meaning corner and Arka meaning sun
. Konark is also known as Arkashetra. The
temple was built in 1278 AD by the
Ganga king Narasimha Deva .

The ruins of this temple were excavetated

in late 19th century

widely know not only for its Architecture

grandeur but also for the intricacy and
profusion of sculptural work It is listed in
the UNESCO world heritage site . Khajuraho
was the capital city of the chandelas . there
were 85 temple constructed by the Chandelas
between ADD 950 and 1050 out of the which
only have survived .

The earliest temple of Khajuraho were built

in coarse granite . However the temple dating
back to later period are mostly built in fine-
grained buff pink and pale yellow sandstone
quarried .

The monument of Mamallapuram are excellent

specimen of Dravidian Temple at architecture
and Pallava art . The sore temple at
Mamallapuram was built during the region of
Rajasthan in the 7th century AD . The temple
is perched on a rocky outcrop and presides
over the shoreline it was design to
catch the first ray of the sun and to
illuminate the water after dark .

The Qutub Minar was started in 1199AD by Qutub

–ud- Din Aibak and complete by the Sultan
successor and son in - Law Iiltutmish.

Shahjaha constructed the Taj

Mahal for his favorite wife Arjumand begum ,

popularly Mumtaj Mahal

Taj Mahal was constructed over the period of

twenty two year , employing
thousand worker . It was complete in 1648 AD
at a cost of 32 Million Rupees . The Taj Mahal
represented the Zenith of Mugal Archi tecture .

The building constructed in a typical English

style of architecture of the 17th and 18th
century AD .

It has beautiful stained glasses , church

benches made of teak , ornate marble
walls frescoes and plaques . A moat was built
around the fort to keep the local
distance .