TEMPOS VERBAIS DA LÍNGUA INGLESA E SEUS USOS:

PERFECT
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT (SIMPLE)
(CONTINUOUS)
Present Ações habituais, Ações em progresso no Ações que Ações em progresso
rotina, verdades momento da fala; aconteceram no que começaram no
universais e fatos planos futuros (quando passado sem passado e se estende
científicos; acompanhado da especificar quando até o presente,
expressão de tempo aconteceu; ações podendo continuar
indicando futuro) passadas que tem no futuro (enfatiza-se
ligação com o a duração da ação)
presente.

Past Ações que Ações em progresso em Ações que Ações em progresso

aconteceram e determinado tempo no aconteceram antes antes de outra ação
terminaram no passado. de outra no passado no passado (enfatiza-
passado. (passado do se a duração da ação)
passado)

Future* Previsões; decisões Ações que estarão em Ações que estarão Ações em progresso
imediatas progresso em completas antes de que estarão
determinado tempo no outra ação no completas antes de
futuro. futuro. outra ação no futuro
(enfatiza-se a
*Exceção: BE Planos futuros duração da ação)
GOING TO
(Future)

FÓRMULAS, VERBOS AUXILIARES E EXEMPLOS

SIMPLE TENSES:

 SIMPLE PRESENT: SUJEITO + VERBO (S)

Os verbos auxiliares do Simple Present são: DO e DOES e são utilizados de acordo com o sujeito da frase.
DOES é utilizado somente para os pronomes pessoais HE, SHE e IT (terceira pessoa do singular) ou quando o
substantivo/nome está no singular e DO é usado para todos os outros pronomes ou quando
substantivos/nomes estão no plural. Estes verbos auxiliares são utilizados somente nas frases negativas
(doesn't ou don't) e interrogativas (sempre antecedendo o sujeito).
Nas frases afirmativas ocorrerá uma mudança nos verbos quando estes estão conjugados na terceira pessoa
do singular. Alguns terão a letra S acrescentada a eles e outros terão ES ou IES de acordo com sua
terminação:
 A maioria dos verbos acrescenta-se apenas S: work- works / read - reads
 Verbos terminados com s, sh, ch, x, o, z acrescenta-se ES: fix - fixes / reach - reaches / crash - crashes
/ go - goes
 Verbos terminados em y mas são precedidos por uma consoante, acrescenta-se IES: cry - cries / fly -
flies
 Exceção: Have - has

Obs: nas frases negativas e interrogativas da terceira pessoa do singular, o verbo principal será
sempre usado no infinitivo.
 Conjugação Simple Present Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I study English.
You study English.
He studies English.
She studies English.
It studies English.
We study English.
You study English.
They study English.
I don't study English.
You don't study English.
He doesn't study English.
She doesn't study English.
It doesn't study English.
We don't study English.
You don't study English.
They don't study English.
Do I study English?
Do you study English?
Does he study English?
Does she study English?
Does it study English?
Do we study English?
Do you study English?
Do they study English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Simple Present: every day, always, usually,
sometimes, never, once a week, etc.

 SIMPLE PAST: SUJEITO + VERBO NO PASSADO

O verbo auxiliar do Simple Past é o DID. Ele é utilizado para todos os pronomes. Este verbo auxiliar é
utilizado somente nas frases negativas (didn't) e interrogativas (sempre antecedendo o sujeito).
Existem dois tipo de verbos: REGULARES e IRREGULARES. Os verbos regulares são aqueles que recebem a
terminação ED quando conjugados no passado ou particípio passado. Os irregulares são aqueles cuja forma
no passado e particípio são, ou totalmente modificados não havendo uma regra ou, em alguns casos,
possuem a mesma forma tanto no infinitivo quanto no passado e particípio.
Os verbos regulares podem terminação em ED, D ou IED de acordo com a sua terminação:
 A maioria dos verbos acrescenta-se apenas ED: work- worked / play - played
 Verbos terminados com consoante + vogal+ consoante (CVC) acrescenta-se a ultima consoante da
mesma + ED: shop - shoppped / plan - planned
 Verbos terminados em y mas são precedidos por uma consoante, acrescenta-se IEd: cry - cried /
study - studied
 Os verbos terminados em e recebem apenas a letra D: change - changed / love - loved

Obs: nas frases negativas e interrogativas da terceira pessoa do singular, o verbo principal será
sempre usado no infinitivo.

Conjugação Simple Past Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I studied English.
You studied English.
He studied English.
She studied English.
It studied English.
We studied English.
You studied English.
They studied English.
I didn't study English.
You didn't study English.
He didn't study English.
She didn't study English.
It didn't study English.
We didn't study English.
You didn't study English.
They didn't study English.
Did I study English?
Did you study English?
Did he study English?
Did she study English?
Did it study English?
Did we study English?
Did you study English?
Did they study English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Simple Present: yesterday, yesterday morning, last
week, last month, last night, the day before yesterday, three years ago, in 1998, in the twentieth century,
etc.
  SIMPLE FUTURE: SUJEITO + WILL + VERBO (INFINITIVO)
O verbo auxiliar do Simple Future é o WILL. Ele é utilizado para todos os pronomes. Este verbo auxiliar é
utilizado em todas os tipos de frases: afirmativas, negativas (won't) e interrogativas (sempre antecedendo o
sujeito).
Obs: o verbo principal é sempre usado no infinitivo.

Conjugação Simple Future Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I will study English.
You will study English.
He will study English.
She will study English.
It will study English.
We will study English.
You will study English.
They will study English.
I won't study English.
You won't study English.
He won't study English.
She won't study English.
It won't study English.
We won't study English.
You won't study English.
They won't study English.
Will I study English?
Will you study English?
Will he study English?
Will she study English?
Will it study English?
Will we study English?
Will you study English?
Will they study English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Simple Present: tomorrow, next week, next month,
tonight, etc.

EXCESSÃO: Há também o tempo verbal futuro BE GOING TO que é conjugado de acordo com o verbo
BE e expressa uma ação futura que foi planejada. A fórmula é BE GOING TO + VERB (Infinitivo).
Ex: They are going to travel next month.

CONTINUOUS TENSES:

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + BE + VERBO +ING

O Present Continuous será sempre formado pela conjugação do verbo BE e o verbo principal com a
terminação ING.
 Verbos terminados com consoante + vogal+ consoante (CVC) acrescenta-se a ultima consoante da
mesma + ING: shop - shopping / plan - planning
 Verbos terminados em E retira-se o mesmo e acrescenta-se ING: take - taking / make - making

Conjugação Present Continuous Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I am studying English.
You are studying English.
He is studying English.
She is studying English.
It is studying English.
We are studying English.
You are studying English.
They are studying English.
I am not studying English.
You aren't studying English.
He isn't studying English.
She isn't studying English.
It isn't studying English.
We aren't studying English.
You aren't studying English.
They aren't studying English.
Am I studying English?
Are you studying English?
Is he studying English?
Is she studying English?
Is it studying English?
Are we studying English?
Are you studying English?
Are they studying English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Present Continuous: now, right now, at the
moment, etc.
 Obs: o Present Continuous também pode ser usado para expressar um plano futuro, assim como o BE GOING
TO, quando utilizado com o advérbio de tempo expressando futuro.

 PAST CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + BE (PAST) + VERBO +ING

O Past Continuous será sempre formado pela conjugação do verbo BE no passado e o verbo principal com a
terminação ING.

Conjugação Past Continuous Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I was studying English.
You were studying English.
He was studying English.
She was studying English.
It was studying English.
We were studying English.
You werestudying English.
They were studying English.
I wasn't studying English.
You weren't studying English.
He wasn't studying English.
She wasn't studying English.
It wasn't studying English.
We weren't studying English.
You weren't studying English.
They weren't studying English.
Was I studying English?
Were you studying English?
Was he studying English?
Was she studying English?
Was it studying English?
Were we studying English?
Were you studying English?
Were they studying English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Past Continuous: then, at that time, at that
moment, etc.

 FUTURE CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + WILL + BE + VERBO +ING

O Future Continuous será sempre formado pelo verbo auxiliar WILL + a forma infinitiva do verbo BE e o
verbo principal com a terminação ING.

Conjugação Future Continuous Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I will be studying English.
You will be studying English.
He will be studying English.
She will be studying English.
It will be studying English.
We will be studying English.
You will be studying English.
They will be studying English.
I won't be studying English.
You won't be studying English.
He won't be studying English.
She won't be studying English.
It won't be studying English.
We won't be studying English.
You won't be studying English.
They won't be studying English.
Will I be studying English?
Will you be studying English?
Will he be studying English?
Will she be studying English?
Will It be studying English?
Will we be studying English?
Will you be studying English?
Will they be studying English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Future Continuous: at this time tomorrow, next
Sunday in the morning, in a while, within some hours, etc.

PERFECT TENSES:

 PRESENT PERFECT: SUJEITO + HAVE/HAS + PARTICÍPIO PASSADO VERBO

 Os verbos auxiliares do Present Perfect é HAVE ou HAS de acordo com o sujeito da frase. HAS é utilizado
quando o sujeito for a terceira pessoa do singular e HAVE nos outros casos. O verbo principal é conjugado no
particípio passado. A negativa é hasn't ou haven't.

Conjugação Present Perfect Tense - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I have studied English.
You have studied English.
He has studied English.
She has studied English.
It has studied English.
We have studied English.
You have studied English.
They have studied English.
I haven't studied English.
You haven't studied English.
He hasn't studied English.
She hasn't studied English.
It hasn't studied English.
We haven't studied English.
You haven't studied English.
They haven't studied English.
Have I studied English?
Have you studied English?
Has he studied English?
Has she studied English?
Has it studied English?
Have we studied English?
Have you studied English?
Have they studied English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Present Perfect: recently, lately, just, ever, never,
always, yet, so far, before, etc.

Obs: o Present Perfect se refere a uma ação no passado cujo tempo não é definido, diferentemente do
Simple Past, que se refere a uma ação no passado com tempo definido.

 PAST PERFECT: SUJEITO + HAD + PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DO VERBO

O verbo auxiliar do Past Perfect é o HAD. O verbo principal é conjugado no particípio passado. A negativa é
hadn't.

Conjugação Past Perfect - Verbo STUDY:

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I had studied English.
You had studied English.
He had studied English.
She had studied English.
It had studied English.
We had studied English.
You had studied English.
They had studied English.
I hadn't studied English.
You hadn't studied English.
He hadn't studied English.
She hadn't studied English.
It hadn't studied English.
We hadn't studied English.
You hadn't studied English.
They hadn't studied English.
Had I studying English?
Had you studying English?
Had he studying English?
Had she studying English?
Had it studying English?
Had we studying English?
Had you studying English?
Had they studying English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Past Perfect: when, by the time, as soon as, after,
before, etc.

 FUTURE PERFECT: SUJEITO + WILL + HAVE + PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DO VERBO

O Future Continuous será sempre formado pelo verbo auxiliar WILL + a forma infinitiva do verbo HAVE e o
verbo principal no particípio passado.

Conjugação Future Perfect Tense - Verbo STUDY:

 AFIRMATIVA
I will have studied English.
You will have studied English.
He will have studied English.
She will have studied English.
It will have studied English.
We will have studied English.
You will have studied English.
They will have studied English.
NEGATIVA
I won't have studied English.
You won't have studied English.
He won't have studied English.
She won't have studied English.
It won't have studied English.
We won't have studied English.
You won't have studied English.
They won't have studied English.
INTERROGATIVA
Will I have studied English?
Will you have studied English?
Will he have studied English?
Will she have studied English?
Will it have studied English?
Will we have studied English?
Will you have studied English?
Will they have studied English?

Alguns advérbios de tempo / frequência utilizados com o Future Perfect: when, by the time, as soon as,
after, before, etc.

PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES:

As formas continuas do Present Perfect são utilizadas nos lugar das formas simples para enfatizar a duração
das ações. As fórmulas são:
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERBO + ING
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + HAD + BEEN + VERBO + ING
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS: SUJEITO + WILL + HAVE + VERBO + ING

São utilizadas as conjunções FOR e SINCE para expressar o tempo necessário para a ação.
FOR + período de tempo. Ex: for 5 years.
SINCE + ponto de início. Ex: since last year.

Por: FELIPE ROGEL SILVA