Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
By:
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
definition of the key term, background of the study, the problem of study,
objective of the study, the scope of the study, and the significant of the study.
1. Picture Series
other and they place in sequence. Picture series is usually used to tell a
2. Writing
and hand.2
3. Narrative Text
“Narrative text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense.
1
Noor Azlina Yunus, Preparing and Using Aids for English Language Teaching.
(Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 49
2
Raimes, A, Techniques in Teaching Writing. (New York: Oxford University Press.
1983). p. 76
3
a. the first, because this media which are used in learning process are
interesting.
or our hatred, to achieve our goals and further our careers, to gain artistic
Cook say that “Through language we plan our lives and remember our past;
identities.”4
David J. Alonso say that “In contrast, young children, whose linguistic
struggle.”5
our lives and recall our past; we trade thoughts and encounters; we frame our
3
Mieke Bal, Narrative Theory (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 65.
4
Vivian Cook, Second Language Learning and Language Teaching (London: Hodder
Education, 2008), p. 1.
5
David J. Alonso, English As A Second Language(New York: Nova Science Publisher,
Inc., 2011), p. 2.
4
grown-ups, can procure local like execution without having a similar battle
make a good writing the students need to share equal billing with other skills,
practice and train the mental processes that they go through when writing. It
means that writing is also called expressive and productive ability of language,
because it is not only for communicating but also for expressing an idea, for
6
M.F. Patel and Praveen M. Jain, English Language Teaching (Jaipur: Sunrise Publisher
& Dstributors, 2008), p. 125.
5
However, even after these reforms, some students still had inadequate
knowledge in certain areas when they reached the more advanced courses.
Therefore, there was a need to empirically explore how different types of prior
students bring into the classroom, they risk ostracizing them. They are not able
are used in the class effectively or not. Consequently, the students feel bored
in learning English, they have low vocabulary, low motivation to read and
write, and one of the caused problems is that their attitude, experience, and
problems such as unfamiliar code in which the text is expressed, the amount of
previous knowledge that reader brings to the text, the complexity of the
assumes that one the most important factors in the reading startegy used in the
class. The students are lack of effective reading strategy. As the way out of
this problem, the readers need a more creative reading strategy to overcome
6
the problems. They need to be familiar with many kinds of reading strategy
language reader-even if the source language text was written for no reader at
all, for nothing but its author’s pleasure.7 This media belongs to Grammar
Translation Method and still widely used by English teacher in Indonesia until
now. When applying this media the students are supposed to be able to read a
reading passage written in target language and translate the target language
into the students’ native language. Many english teacher tend to use this media
since it is easier to present language material in the classroom and evaluate the
of particular grammatical structure. Using the native language for the purpose
of sense of achievement. The students also need sense of security, thus the
transfer or change of information from one into another form. The students are
presented with a written text and provided incomplete stimuli that have to be
7
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, (New York: Pergamon Press, 2001), p. 128
7
completed with information drawn from the text. Unlike many instructional
tools that just have one purpose, hikayat picture is flexible and endless in
look at the information in the from of diagram, chart or picture and then they
students are faced some problems in learning English writing skill. There were
problems must be solved so that the students writing skills in eight grade in
MTs. Darussalam Adijaya could be improved. There were some factors which
caused these problems. Those factors did not come only from the students, but
also from other components of the teaching learning process. All of the factors
some mistakes in them. Their writings indicated that the students also had
The students founda difficulty to express their ideas when they were asked
to write a text especially to think about what they should write as the first
8
Andrew Wright, Pictures for Language Learning. (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1989), p. 221
8
sentence in their paragraph. As the result, the students’ writing was very
work and submittedthem to their teacher. In other words, the students had
with the organization. The students still made mistakes in sequencing their
ideas into a coherent paragraph. So, some of the students’ writings were
not well sequenced. Some of their writing also confused the readers.
Almost half of the students were still confused and did not master writing
skill well. They still made a lot of mistakes in making sentences especially
in past tense. They also often misused the pronoun, article, agreement, and
so on. The students also ignored the writing mechanism such as spelling,
often used the vocabulary without considering the appropriate context and
meaning. Moreover, the students were not eager to bring their dictionary
with them in English class. They only asked their teacher when they did
not know the meaning of some English words or the English of some
text. Picture series was chosen because the English teacher never used picture
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series in writing class before. In addition, picture series also have many
benefits such as to stimulate the ideas and to engage the students in learning.
for various ages of learners and purposes. As for those reasons, an effort to
improve writing skills on narrative text using picture series was necessary to
be done.
1. The students of seventh grade had low interest in writing class. They also
2. The students got a writing task, their writings also were not satisfying. It
was found that some of the students only copied and pasted from the
internet or just copied their friends’ works, some of them just wrote a few
the problem as follows: How can picture series media improve students’
narrative text ablity by using Picture Series Media at seventh grade of MTs
The scope of the research only focus on the writing skill. the researcher
would discuss about improving the students’ writing narrative text ability on
narrative text by using improving the students’ writing narrative text ability on
Darussalam Adijaya.
1. Students
This can improve students’ writing narrative text ability of narrative text
2. Teachers
text.
After knowing the result of the study, the student is expected to improve
The teacher could make this research to develop the English education in
The researcher hoped that this research can become new experience and
make a prediction.
especially in writing narrative text ability to be done by the teacher and used
Darussalam Adijaya.
9
Alison Mackey, Susan M. Gass, Second Langauge Research, (New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc.., 2005), p. 100
12
CHAPTER II
This chapter writer will present the riview of the literature related to the
A. Theoretical Review
a. Definition of Writing
who learn English as foreign language. This case can be seen from, most
another way for people use, to express their thought, feelings, and
judgment about what they have read, seen, or experienced. Actually, there
10
J.B. Heaton, Writing English Language Test, (New York: Longman, 1990), p.135
13
a structured way.
11
H Douglass Brown. Principle of Learning And Teaching, (New York: Eddision Wesley
Longman Inc. 2000), p.5
12
Carol Hegarty. Writing: English in Contex, (New York: Saddleback Educational
Publishing. 2000) , p.5
14
1) Permanence
work before final submission will help give them confidence in their
work.
2) Production time
process for achieving the final product. The bab writing is that many
3) Distance
Good writer can read their own writing from the perspective of
4) Complexity
5) Vocabulary
than does speaking. Good writers will learn to take advantage of the
Micro skills
patterns.
Macro Skills
13
Carol Hegarty. Writing: English in Contex, p.341-342
16
written text.
editing.14
From the theory of micro and macro skills above the researcher
1) Content
2) Organization
3) Vocabulary
4) Language Usage
5) Mechanics15
something.16
14
H Douglas Brown, Principle of Learning And Teaching, p. 221
15
Christiane Dalton Puffer, et.al., Language Use and Language Learning in CLL
Classrooms, (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010), p. 198
16
James Phelan, Peter J. Rabinowitz, A Companion of Narrative Theory, (London:
Blackwell Publishing, 2010), p. 3
17
not an aesthetic invention but the basic way in which we make sense of
our experiences.17
are not the ssme thing. Whilst it is true that fictional texts can be written
this way.19
events in meaningful lway for a definite audience and thus offer insights
17
Nikki Gamble and Sall\y Yates, Exploring Children’s Literature, (London: SAGE
Publications, 2002), p. 20
18
Shlomith Rimmon Kenan, Concept of Narrative, (Helsinki: COLLEGIUM, 2006), p.13
19
Nikki Gamble and Sally Yates, Exploring Children’s Literature, p. 22
20
Jane Elliot, Using Narrative in Social Research, (London: SAGE Publication Inc.,
2005), p. 3
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i. Orientation (introduction)
It contains the thesis of the text. In this level, the character of the
story, introduce the students. In the story happened and who is
involved on the story. In this level also used to produce atmosphere
so that makes the student are persuaded to follow the story. In
other words orientation of narrative text tells who the character was
/ where, where it happened, when it happened.
ii. Sequence of Events (complication)
This part tells the sequence of the story. The problem faced by the
character. The complication makes they story more interesting
because the Character is prevented to reach his or her wants. It is in
the middle of story.
iii. Resolution
It tells the reader (students). How the problem was solved it also
called solving problem. A satisfying narrative we well give the
resolution of the problem.
iv. Re-orientation
It tells what the story has told or tells again the character and
contains the message of moral value to the readers. Those elements
must exist in narrative text. It gives more explanation in order to
make the story clear and understandable. But sometimes the
students find more than one complication and resolution. It can be
seen in the following example.
v. Evaluation
This part can be joined in orientation part. It contains the narrative
begin. Evolution tells about the time and place of the event being
storied.21
that gives you an idea in your mind of what something. Picture - a visual
21
Irwan Sulistyo, “An Analysis Of Generic Structure Of Narrative Text Written By The
Tenth Year Students Of SMA Yasiha Gubug”, in Health Education Journal, Vol. 4, No.2, August
2013, p. 172
19
picture series provide for a variety of guided and free writing exercises.
Picture series, such as a comic strip, provides the subject matter for writing
narrative and for speculating about the story beyond the pictures in the
strip. A set of parallel pictures that show a similar scene or tell a similar
structure, and organizations yet lets the students write about new subject
matter.23
The word picture is also used in the broader sense of any two-
painting. In this wider sense, picture can also be rendered manually, such
22
Noor Azlina Yunus, Preparing and Using Aids for English Language Teaching. (Kuala
Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 49
23
Ann Raimes, Techniques in Teaching Writing, (New York: Oxford University Press,
1983), p. 36
20
movement. Series is group of related things, events, etc, occuring one after
the other. Picture series of story telling can also be used to test speaking
descriptions
Picture Series form a natural basis for narration. Here the students
are asked to look at the picture correctly and they have to describe the
picture. The students were expected to practice in telling the story based
on the picture. Then, students are required to tell the story by their own.
Media
c. The teacher gives inputs in the form of a set of picture series of stories
e. The teacher gives an example of making the right past tense phrase
f. Students seek the meaning of the difficult vocabulary used in the story
g. Students write stories based on the picture series using the right past
tense phrase.
B. Relevance Study
The first study is the research of Siti Nurjanah which proved that
the writing skill of the students can be improved by using picture series.
text increased after the researcher applied picture series in the class. The
vocabulary, language use, and organization. The study also showed that
the use of picture series could improve the students’ learning motivation
that the use of picture series is effective to improve junior high school
narrative texts. The study showed that picture sequences was able to
24
Siti Nurjanah, Improving Students’ Writing Ability in narrative Text Usinng Picture
Series Media at SMA N 1 Prambanan , Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 2016
22
works. Moreover, the use of picture sequences could improve the students’
within the context of Junior High School students by using picture series
25
Ayuningtyas, D.B and Wulyani. A.N.Using Picture Sequences to Improve the Ability of
Eleven Graders at SMAN 1 Srengat-Blitar in Writing Narrative Texts.
http://jurnalonline.um.ac.id/data/artikel/artikel637D0BAC482D981925210 404FD9CCF72.pdf.
Retrieved on May 19th 2018
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
26
Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison, Research Methods in Education,
(New York: Rouladge Falmer, 2005), p. 227
24
27
Anne Burns. Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching, (New York:
Routledge, 2010) p. 9
28
Yogesh Kumar Singh, Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics, (New
Delhi: New Age International Publisher, 2006), p. 261.
29
David Hopkins, A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research, (Philadelphia: Open
University Press. 1985) p. 48
25
1. Planning
2. Action
c. The teacher gives inputs in the form of a set of picture series of stories
e. The teacher gives an example of making the right past tense phrase
f. Students seek the meaning of the difficult vocabulary used in the story
g. Students write stories based on the picture series using the right past
tense phrase.
oral test, questioner, and observation chek list to collect the data. The test
speaking ability. Questioner given to support the data gathered from the
oral text test. It is useful for collecting data from large participants. In this
4. Reflecting
the observation to find the weaknesses of the activities that have been
identifying the field notes which are made during the action. In conducting
the evaluation, the researcher also gives pre test before he starts to teach
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using group work by using picture card media. It is given in the beginning
of cycle 1 and cycle 2. The post test is given at the end of action in cycle 1
to determine how far the students get successful in learning. In this case,
the researcher discusses the score result of students’ writing ability with
will be stopped. But if 80% of students cannot reach the target of ≥ 70, the
improve. so the cycle will be continued to the next cycle and it is consist
3. IX class : 30 students
In this research, the researcher had chosen one class only that is the
students of VII as the subject of the research. there are 35 students in this
class.
Table 1
The subject of the research
Sex
No Class Total
Male Female
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1. 15 20 35
VII
This research is classroom action research. The writer will ask the
teacher as the collaborator in this research that is fuction as the controler in
teaching leraning process. The English teacher’, the writer will be easy to
know the students’ development in teaching learning process.
b. Students should be able arrange the sentence from picture series into
narrative text
30
Geoffrey Marczyk, et. All., Essential of Research Desaign and Methodology. (Thew
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005), p.42
31
Geoffrey Marczyk, et. All., Essential of Research Desaign and Methodology, p. 42
32
Geoffrey Marczyk, et. All., Essential of Research Desaign and Methodology p.43
29
From the theory the researcher identified Dependent variable in this research is
writing The indicator of this variable are :
1. Content
2. Organization
3. Vocabulary
4. Grammar
5. Mechanic
D. Criteria of success
idea (unity)
patterns.
content.
33
H. Douglas Brown, Principle of Learning and Teaching, (New York: Eddision Wesley
Longman Inc., 2000), p. 246
30
enough to evaluate.
Beside itu is including five general component in writing, they are: content,
E. Research Data
way. In practice, however people use data as both the singular and plular form
of the word. Research data in this study gathered from students’ score,
The instruments are used to collect data in this research as the followings:
32
1. Test
topics (e.g., beliefs)34 The researcher used test as data collection method to
narrative text. The researcher measured the writing ability by using test.
2. Observation
was used to know improving the students’ writing ability of narrative text
such as read a short text, ask the main idea and supporting details of the
first paragraph, write the core sentence of the passage, and develop the
core sentence that has been obtained into the main idea and deliver the
3. Questionare
34
Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison, Research Methods in Education,
p. 245
33
order to know their responds toward the process of teaching and learning
writing ability narrative text using Picture Series Media and also about
their motivations and problems in learning english writing before and after
examine each component of the data provided. This form of analysis is just
one of the many steps that must be completed when conducting a research
analyzed to form some sort of finding or conclusion. The data from test, the
researcher used the test text. The researccher analyzed the data by using
CHAPTER IV
Terbanggi Besar
the field of Education, namely: Relatively low quality of public schools and,
schools with excellent quality of public breath and have a teaching system that
Religious nuance.
junior high school Darussalam including the Foundation that shelter it under
high school began to receive new students, and for the time being the students
35
Terbanggi Besar
Vision
Indicator:
academic achievement.
Mission
character.
36
3. Encourage and help each student to recognize his potential so that it can be
developed optimally.
non academic.
government.
nationalism.
6. Teachers are able to apply learning with PAIKEM and CTL approach
financing standard.
10. Schools are able to apply assessment with reference to SNP (National
Education Standards)
37
Terbanggi Besar
Table 4.1
1 Sound 0 Warehouse
2 Etc 0 Warehouse
Total 93
Table 4.2
State of Educators and Education Personnel MTs Darussalama
Adijaya Terbanggi Besar
No Name Education Position
1 M. Ali Muklisudin, S.Pd.I S1 Headmaster
4 Yohana,S.Pd S1 Teacher
8 Nurhayati,S.Ag S1 Teacher
9 Rumiyah,S.Pd S1 Teacher
Table 4.3
State of Student MTs Darussalama Adijaya Terbanggi Besar
TOTAL
No Kelas
M W Total
1 VII 11 12 23
2 VIII 10 10 20
3 IX 8 10 18
Jumlah 29 32 61
4.2.1 Cycle 1
Cycle 1 was done by the class teacher on Friday, March 17th 2018 –
Friday, 24th March 2018 to take a test. The stages of activities done in the
4.2.1.1 Planning
4.2.1.2 Acting/Implementing
1. First Meeting
condition, than the teacher checked the attendance list. After that
the teacher reminded students about the last material in the last
learning.
teacher gave the stimulus to the students to explore more about the
narrative text. And then the teacher put the topic in the center by
ask students to write the forst draft based on the design of Picture
Picture Series Media. After students are able to use Picture Series
2. Second Meeting
the last material and give the information about material that will
put the topic in the center by using box or other shapes to make it
lines or arrows. The teacher ask students to write the forst draft
are able to use Picture Series Media, the teacher ask them through
And next, the teacher informed the students about next meeting
3. Third Meeting
started the lesson by motivating the student and teacher also talked
improvements
The reseacher found that the cylce 1, the students still got
They were little bit cofused to developed the narrative text. The
conclude that the cycle 1 was still failed. Because some of students
problem also caused that they still confused to make the sentences in
43
next cycle.
4.2.2 Cycle II
Cycle 2 was begun on Saturday, March 25th 2018 – Friday, March 3rd
2018, right after the cycle 1 post-test done. By considering the evaluation at
the end of cycle 1, the researcher decided to bring this research into the cycle
4.2.2.1 Planning
4.2.2.2 Acting
1. First Meeting
based on the lesson plan had been made. In the first meeting, the
text through Picture Series Media and asked the students to make
44
given and collected it. In the second meeting, the students were
asked to edit their draft, and collect the final draft. The final draft
2. Second Meeting
condition and checked the attendance list. After that the teacher
reminded students about the last material about the narrative text
in the last section. Then the teacher gave explanation the purpose
write the forst draft based on the design of Picture Series Media
Media. After students are able to use Picture Series Media, the
about learning process that had been done. And the teacher
informed the students about next meeting lesson material and the
3. Third Meeting
active to ask the problems in the learning process. The students more
The students more actively follow the method and the results
indication that the learning process has been successful. So, in this
The data finding gathered during the research will be presented in this
part. There were the qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative
And the data quantitative will be in the form of writing comprehension score
result, the VIII class showed they in writing activity. the The students
because the students had less practice in writing English. The second
problem was they still got many errors in vocabulary, grammar and
spelling.
Table 5
Table the Result of Questionaire Cycle 1
No Questions Students answer
Yes Precentage
1 Statement 1 8 36%
2 Statement 2 7 31%
3 Statement 3 9 40%
4 Statement 4 8 36%
5 Statement 5 7 31%
6 Statement 6 8 36%
7 Statement 7 7 31%
8 Statement 8 7 31%
9 Statement 9 9 40%
10 Statement 10 8 36%
Mean 31,31%
could be concluded that there was still needed improvement about the
(50%), the students be able to fill in the chart and create in the text of
activity process must be given again. It’s was caused the students
have not achieve 70%. To complete the data see appendix 11 (p.
112).
students can reach score minimal 70 for the writing test. It mean the
The test was given to students and helped by the teacher. Related to
the cycle 1 the average of students’ writing ability on this cycle were
12 students who passed the KKM, or get (60 %) but the students
12 (p. 114).
Table 6
The result of questionaire in cycle 2.
No Statement Students answers
Yes Precentage
1 Statement 1 16 75%
2 Statement 2 116 75%
3 Statement 3 16 75%
4 Statement 4 15 72%
5 Statement 5 15 73%
6 Statement 6 16 75%
7 Statement 7 16 75%
8 Statement 8 17 80%
9 Statement 9 17 80%
10 Statement 10 22 100%
Mean 70,75%
could be concluded that there was still needed improvement about the
students be able to fill in the chart and create in the text of the
procedural text are 17 (85%) . It’s mean that this learning activity
process must be given again. It’s was caused the students have not
result can be seen on the table below: Related to the cycle 1 the
students who passed the KKM, and there were 4 students failed or did
not passed the KKM. Its mean Picture Series Media can improving
115.
From all findings, the reseacher concludes that the students got
performaces in their writing since they are going to be ashmed to have many
activities make athmosphere class are good. Task in cycle had also supported
and helped students to get generaal and spesifik information from narrative
text.
From the explanation above, the reseacher concludes that the use of
Picture Series Media can improve the students’ writing ability in narrative text
and the English teacher agreed to stop the reseacrch in cycle 2 since the
CHAPTER V
5.1 Conclusion
the reseacher found out that the use of Picture Series as Media improve
know how get general and specific information of the text easily. The
descriptive sentences into a narrative text. The activity make the student
become interested to describe the pictures or object, students more active and
helpful for the students to find related ideas and develop the chosen topic
sentences from the main topic to be a narrative text. Picture Series as Media
was something new for the students, so they were motivated to use this
method and they were encouraged to learn more about written narrative text
Media can improve the students ability in writing narrative text, it is proved
53
by the higher score in the test. The number of success students has reached
and only 3 (15%) of them were failed. From the students activities By this
number, the researcher concludes that the minimum target of success, that is
80% of the students in a class, has been achieved in cycle 2, and it proves that
the application of Picture Series as Media can improve the students’ writing
5.2 Suggestion
writing a narrative text. There are still a lot of teaching method to be used.
skill.
3. Teacher should give reward to the students who get good score, so that,
students are motivated to be better for the next meeting especially for
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