CHEM 73 PROBLEM SET 2 September 15, 2017

Please show all your work! Answers without supporting work will not be given credit.

1. A woman slowly lifts a 30.0-kg object to a height of 2.00 m above its initial position. Find the work
done on the object by the woman, and the work done by the earth.
2. A sphere of mass m is attached to a spring, which exerts a force F = -kx on the sphere, where k (called
the force constant) is a constant characteristic of the spring and x is the displacement of the sphere
from its equilibrium position (the position where the spring exerts no force on the sphere). The sphere
is initially at rest at its equilibrium position. Find the expression for the work w done by someone who
slowly displaces the sphere to a final distance d from its equilibrium position. Calculate w if k = 10
N/m and d = 6.0 cm.
3. Find the work wrev for processes (a) and (b) of the figure below if P1 = 3.00 atm, V1 =500 cm3 , P2 =1.00
atm, and V2 =2000 cm3 . Find wrev for the reverse of process (a). Find wrev for process (b) using the
P1, V1, P2, V2 values given for process (a).

4. Calculate q, w, and ∆U when 1.00 mol of water is heated from 0o C to 100o C at a fixed pressure of 1
atm. Densities of water are 0.9998 g/cm3 at 0o C and 0.9854 g/cm3 at 100o C.
5. Suppose 0.100 mol of a perfect gas having CV,m =1.50R independent of temperature undergoes the
reversible cyclic process 1 −−→ 2 −−→ 3 −−→ 4 −−→ 1 shown in the figure below, where either P or V
is held constant in each step. Calculate q, w, and ∆U for each step and for the complete cycle. Use the
perfect-gas equation dU = CV dT to find ∆U for each step in the cycle. Verify that w for the reversible
cyclic process equals minus the area enclosed by the lines.
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6. A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 3.00 mol of He gas at P=1.00 atm and is in a large
constant-temperature bath at 400 K. The pressure is reversibly increased to 5.00 atm. Find w, q, and
∆U for this process.
7. 0.100 mol of a perfect gas with CV,m =1.50R expands reversibly and isothermally at 300 K from 1.00
to 3.00 L. Find q, w, and ∆U for this process.

8. CP,m of a certain substance in the temperature range 250 to 500 K at 1 bar pressure is given by CP,m =
b + kT, where b and k are certain known constants. If n moles of this substance is heated from T1
to T2 at 1 bar (where T1 and T2 are in the range 250 to 500 K), find the expression for ∆H. Find
1
the ∆H expression when n moles of a substance with CP,m = r + sT 2 , where r and s are constants, is
heated at constant pressure from T1 to T2.
9. For this problem use 333.6 J/g and 2256.7 J/g as the latent heats of fusion and vaporization of water at
the normal melting and boiling points, cP =4.19 J g−1 K−1 for liquid water, ρ=0.917 g/cm3 for ice at
0o C and 1 atm, ρ=1.000 g/cm3 and 0.958 g/cm3 for water at 1 atm and 0o C and 100o C, respectively.
(For liquid water, cP varies slightly with T. The value given is an average over the range 0o C to 100o C.)
Calculate q, w, ∆U, and ∆H for (a) the melting of 1 mol of ice at 0o C and 1 atm; (b) the reversible
constant-pressure heating of 1 mol of liquid water from 0o C to 100o C at 1 atm; (c) the vaporization of
1 mol of water at 100o C and 1 atm.

10. Calculate ∆U and ∆H for each of the following changes in state of 2.50 mol of a perfect monatomic
gas with CV,m =1.5R for all temperatures: (a) (1.50 atm, 400 K) −−→ (3.00 atm, 600 K); (b) (2.50
atm, 20.0 L) −−→ (2.00 atm, 30.0 L); (c) (28.5 L, 400 K) −−→ (42.0 L, 400 K).

The End.