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An evaluation of antipyretic and analgesic potentials of aqueous root

extract of Hibiscus rosa sinesis Linn.(malvacae)

Article · May 2011

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 Deependra Soni and Anshita Gupta, Int. J. Res. Phytochem. Pharmacol., 1(3), 2011, 184-186

ISSN: 2231-010X
www.ijrpp.pharmascope.org Research Article

An evaluation of antipyretic and analgesic potentials of aqueous root extract of

hibiscus rosa sinesis Linn. (malvacae)
Deependra Soni*, Anshita Gupta
Department of Pharmacognosy, Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Jamadarpali, Sambalpur-768200, India

ABSTRACT

Hibiscus rosa sinesis is a versatile plant having a range of medicinal properties and whose each and every plant
part is important and shows unique morphological and therapeutic characteristics. Ethanomedicinal documenta-
tion about the plant states that the plants have been well studied therapeutically on leaf and bark portion but the
root portion is still ill investigated. Hence, the present aim of the study is to investigate the antipyretic activity of
the root extract of Hibiscus rosa sinesis, belonging to the family Malvacae, in yeast induced pyrexia in swiss albino
rats and to examine the analgesic potentials of the extract in albino rats using tail flicking method at a dose of
250mg/kg body weight. Paracetamol was taken as standard drug at a dose of 30mg/kg b.w for antipyretic activity
and Diclofenac Sodium at a dose of 45 mg/kg b.w. for analgesic activity. Control was feeded on 0.5% SLS. The
aqueous root extract showed significant dose dependent activity.
1 13
Keywords: Stevioside; rebaudioside-A; photostability; diterpenoid glycosides; H and C NMR spectral data;
chemical studies
INTRODUCTION  Higher toxicity margin.
Fever is defined as the elevation of core body tempera-  These agent cause dependence (eg. morpine,
ture above normal; in normal adults, the average oral etc ).
temperature is 37°C (98.6°F). There are a variety of
antipyretic drugs which are either chemical in nature  They are very hursh to hepatic metabolism.
or chemically substituted in order to prolong the action  Required in various autoimmune disorders
of drugs but the need to find a better alternative is (eg. artheritis) hence longer onset and dura-
same as before because of- tion of action is required.
[1] Severity of toxicity in higher doses. Ayurvedic treatment exploits nature and its wealth are
[2] Less frequent administration of drugs. the medicinal plant, one such is Hibiscus which is used
in discriminately so proper that no evidence is required
[3] Failure of administration due to Hepatic Ulceration to confirm its importance in traditional Holistic medi-
or impaired hepatic function patients. cine. A range of observations have been made which
[4] Lesser duration of action. highly suggesting the presence of potent medicinal
property of the plant. Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn.
Similarly, Analgesic drug is used to reduce pain. Pain is (Family Malvaceae) is a plant with flowers widely dis-
a disabling accompaniment of many medical condi- tributed throughout the world. As a traditional medi-
tions, and pain control is one of the most important cine, the fresh juice of the wild flowers is used to treat
therapeutic priorities.[Heinz Lüllmann et al.,2005; Pe- gonorrhea, the powdered roots are used to treat me-
ter J Houghton et.al,2009; Shalini Dalal et.al,2006] The norrhagia, and the infusion of the petals is used as a
classical analgesic drugs, notably opiates and NSAIDs refrigerant drink in fever. Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. is
have there origin in natural products that have been certain to emerge in the near future as a major player
used for centuries Still the requirement for potent and in the growing field of herbal health supplements and
longer acting analgesic is maintained because of – medicines both in daily self-care and in professionally
managed health care system. [V. M. Jadhav et.al, 2009;
Gupta V et.al, 2009] However, the literature review
revealed that Hibiscus rosa sinesis (root part) has not
* Corresponding Author been studied for the above mentioned two properties.
Email: deependraphcog@gmail.com Hence, in the present study, the root of Hibiscus rosa
Contact: +91-9329409107
sinesis have been selected for antipyretic and analgesic
Received on: 24-08-2011
Revised on: 02-09-2011
study in experimentally induced pain and pyrexia in
Accepted on: 08-09-2011 rats.

184 ©JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation | International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry & Pharmacology
 Deependra Soni and Anshita Gupta, Int. J. Res. Phytochem. Pharmacol., 1(3), 2011, 184-186

Table 1: Antipyretic effect of Aqueous Root Extract of Hibiscus rosa sinesis [Linn.] in Swiss albino rats

Intial Rectal Temperature in (ºC)± S.E.M

Treatment Temperature
(ºC) 0Hr 1.30Hr 2.30 Hr 3.30 Hr
Control 37.2 ± 0.08 38.8 ±0.29 38.0±0.27 37.70 ±0.24 38.10± 0.17

Paracetamol (30mg/kg) 37.20 ± 0.46 37.80±0.280 37.6±0.36 37.20 ± 0.30 38.01± 0.18
Aqueous Extract (250
36.9 ±0.28 39.0± 0.145 38.9±0.266 38.2±0.425* 37.5± .25**
mg/kg)
The results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance
(A.N.O.V.A) by Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison test. Mean ± SEM, * p<0.05, ** p<0.001

Table 2: Analgesic effect of Aqueous Root Extact of Hibiscus rosa sinesis Linn in Swiss albino rats

Reaction Time (Second) ±S.E.M

Treatment
Initial time 1/2 hr 1hr 2hr 3hr
Control 2.38±0.014 2.40±0.011 3.5±0.196 4.0±0.10 3.7±0.39
Diclofenac sodium(45 mg/kg) 2.3±0.017 2.35±0.02 2.77±0.072 2.92±0.076** 2.01±0.10
Aqueous Extract (250 mg/kg) 2.29±0.025 2.42±0.011** 3.72±0.178 4.12±0.054* 3.82±0.121
The results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. The statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance
(A.N.O.V.A) by Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison test.Mean ± SEM, * p<0.05, ** p<0.001

MATERIAL AND METHODS Design of Experiment for Antipyretic Study

Plant Selection The animals were divided in three groups(n=6).The
antipyretic study was performed by using yeast in-
The root part of Hibiscus rosa sinesis was collected
duced model. Group-I received standard drug, Group-II
from Sambalpur district Orissa , in the month of April
received vehicle only while Group-III was administered
2010.It was further identified and authenticated by the
the aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosa sinesis at a dose of
Botanical Department, Howarah, Kolkata as Hibiscus
250 mg/kg body weight (oral) and the standard drug
rosa sinesis. Some voucher specimen numbers were
paracetamol at a dose of 30 mg/kg in 0.5% w/v of SLS.
submitted to the authority for future references. The
The Effect of drug and extract is measured at an inter-
root plant parts were dried in shade and powdered to
val of 1:30, 2:30 and 3:30 hrs. [ Jana, G.K et.al ,2009;
get a coarse powder. About 2.5kg of dry coarse powd-
0 Goutam Kumar Jana et.al,2011]
er was extracted with Distilled water (40-60 C) by hot
extraction method [V. M. Jadhav et.al, 2009]. The Design of Experiment for Study of Analgesic activity
aqueous extract was filtered and concentrated to a dry
For the assessment of analgesic activity tail immersion
mass by using vacuum distillation. A deep brownish
method was used. Three groups of animals were taken
viscous residue obtained having characteristic mucila-
(n=6). Group-I was treated with standard drug diclofe-
ginous odour (yield=4.5gm). Further the solvents was
nac sodium at a dose of 45mg/kg in 0.5% w/v SLS.
evaporated to dryness and then the residue of extract
Group-II was vehicle treated and Group-III was treated
obtained is evaporated to dried mass and then it was
with extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight.[ Alka
taken for the experiment.
Sawarkar et.al, ;Mhaskar, K.S et.al,1989] The readings
Animal were recorded in seconds at a time interval of half
hour,1 ,2, 3 hour respectively.
For performing animal study prior permission was tak-
en from Ethical Committee working at the Institutional Stastical Analysis of the data
level GCP, Sambalpur, Orissa .Experiments were per-
The calculation of the experimental data is done by
formed with Swiss Albino rats weighing between 100
using One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Later on
to 200gms. The animals were housed in colony cages
the calculation is done by various non parametric test.
(three per cage) under conditions of standard lighting,
The mean and standard deviation is obtained. The re-
temperature (25±2ºC) and humidity for at least one
sults were presented as Mean ± SEM. Differences be-
week before the beginning of experiment, to adjust to
tween means of treatment and control groups were
the new environment and to overcome stress possibly
accepted significant at p<0.001.
incurred during transit. During this period, they had
free access to food and water.

©JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation | International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry & Pharmacology 185
 Deependra Soni and Anshita Gupta, Int. J. Res. Phytochem. Pharmacol., 1(3), 2011, 184-186

RESULT AND DISCUSSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Effect of Aqueous Extract of root of Hibiscus rosa The authors are thankful to Mr. Goutam Kumar Jana,
sinesis in reducing pyresis in rats Associate Professor, H.O.D, Pharmacognosy Depart-
ment, G.C.P, Sambalpur, for providing necessary facili-
The Aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosa sinesis belonging
ties and their extreme support to carry out this work
to the family Malvaceae, was investigated for Antipy-
under their guidance
retic activity in swiss albino rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg
body weight in yeast induced pyrexia. The temperature REFERENCES
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at more detailed level.

186 ©JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation | International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry & Pharmacology

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