Answers for question number 3

3(a) .The total kinetic energy of the system

1 1 1
𝐾 = 2 𝑚1 𝑥1̇ + 𝑚 𝑥̇ + 𝑚3 𝑥3̇
2 2 2 2

3(b). The total potential energy of the given system

1 1 1 1
𝑉 = 2 𝑘1 𝑥1 2 + 2 𝑘2 (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )2 + 𝑘 (𝑥 − 𝑥3 )2 + 𝑘4 𝑥3 2
2 3 2 2

3(c). Three simultaneous of the given system

Based on Lagrange approach, L = K - V, L = L

∂L
= - k1 x1 − k 2 (x1 − x2 ) ………. (1)
∂x1

∂L
= k 2 (x1 − x2 ) − k 3 (x2 − x3 ) ….… (2)
∂x2

∂L
= k 3 (x2 − x3 ) − k 4 x3 ……………. (3)
∂x3

3(d). The equations of motion in a concise matrix form of the system

m1 0 0 x1̈ k1 + k 2 −k 2 0 x1
[0 m2 0 ] [x2̈ ] + [ −k 2 k2 + k3 x
−k 2 ] [ 2 ] = 0
0 0 m3 x3̈ 0 −k 3 k 3 + k 4 x3

3(e). The dynamic matrix [A] of the system

The matrix [A] is given by;

 [A] = [m]-1 [k]

m1 0 0 −1 k1 + k 2 −k 2 0
Hence; [A] = [ 0 m2 0 ] [ −k 2 k2 + k3 −k 2 ]
0 0 m3 0 −k 3 k3 + k4

3(f). If 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 𝑚3 = 1 and 𝑘1 = 𝑘2 = 𝑘3 = 𝑘4 = 1

The natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shape are needed.

1 0 0 −1 2 −1 0
[A] = [ 0 1 0 ] [−1 2 −1]
0 0 1 0 −1 2

Calculating the matrix [A] from the Smath,

2 −1 0
Hence, [A] = [−1 2 −1]
0 −1 2

From the Eigen value we can calculate the natural frequency,

det [[A] –λ [I]] = 0 and also ω = √λ

0.67 0.33 0.17

det [A] = 6, therefore [A]-1 = [0.33 0.67 0.33]
0 0 0.5

1 0 0
-1
[I] = [A] . [A] = [ 0 1 0]
0 0 1

𝑚1 1
V = [𝑚2 ] = [1] for the first operation
𝑚3 1
By using Smath

Iteration 1:

1.17
V1 = [A]-1 . V = [1.33] , λ1 = V11
0.5

V1n = V1 / λ1, λ1 = 1.17 and ω1 = √λ1 = √1.17 = 1.08 rad/sec

ω1 1.08
Frequency, f1 = = = 0.172 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 2𝜋

1
Therefore, V1n = V1 / λ1 = [1.14]
0.43

Iteration 2:

1.12
V2 = [A] -1
. V1n = [1.24] , λ2 = V21
0.21

1
λ2 = 1.12, V2n = V2 / λ2 = [1.11] , and ω2 = √λ2 = √1.12 = 1.058 rad/sec
0.19

ω2 1.058
Frequency, f2 = = = 0.168 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 2𝜋

|λ2 − λ1 | = 0.05, for satisfying the value approaching zero

Iteration 3:

1.07
V3 = [A] -1
. V2n = [ 1.14 ] , λ3 = V31
0.095

1
λ3 = 1.07, V3n = V3 / λ3 = [ 1.07 ] , and ω3 = √λ3 = √1.07 = 1.034 rad/sec
0.089

ω3 1.034
Frequency, f3 = = = 0.165 Hz
2𝜋 2𝜋

|λ3 − λ2 | = |1.07 − 1.12 | = 0.05, for satisfying the value approaching zero

ω λ

1.08 1.17

1.058 1.12

1.034 1.07
 Corresponding mode shapes

f1 f2 f3
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4