Análisis de diferencias salariales por género en México

Introduction

The aim of this report is to make known the gender wage differences that are
presented in Mexico in different areas of professional knowledge and in different
regions, in addition to comparing the female and male roles in the market and at
home. The data was obtained from the study of the authors Reyna Elizabeth
Rodríguez Pérez and Myrna Limas Hernández from Autonomus University of
Coahulia and Autonomus University of Madrid repectively, whose title is The analysis
of wage differentials and gender discrimination by professional areas in Mexico,
approached from a regional approach, year 2015. And from the report of the National
Institute of the Women, year 2008.

Role of women in the working sector

The participation of women in the economy has been increasing since 1960, which
led to a salary analysis. Several authors have theories to explain the salary
inequality, they suggest: 1) that women have to face more obstacles to enter to the
working market; 2) the link that they have with the family, the employers assume that
they will have a shorter and discontinuous work life; 3) the vulnerability of women to
be undervalued and be considered for a certain charge because of prejudice or
because they are "fit" for them. Among others.

Metodology

The authors used the database of the national occupation and employment survey
(ENOE) by its initials in Spanish 2015; The sample takes reference to salaried men
and women who were between 14 and 65 years of age. A grouping by knowledge
areas was made: education; arts and humanities; social sciences, administration
and law; natural sciences, exact and computer science; engineering, manufacturing
and construction; agronomy, veterinary and health. The states of the republic were
divided into two regions, high exposure and low exposure to commercial opening,
Durango is in low exposure. While the data from the report of the National Institute
of the Women was obtained by the database from INEGI.

Statistics data

The National Survey of Urban Employment (ENEU) by its initials in Spanish, of the
INEGI, found that men earn on average 32% more than women in some regions of
the Mexican Republic. In the región wit low exposure the women earn less money
than men in some areas like administrative-economic, industry and social sevices.
And in contrast, women earn more money in some areas like construction,
engineering and education the reason for this difference can be explained by the
type of activity carried out by women, which is usually more administrative or
professional level.

Datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Uso del Tiempo (ENUT) 2002 revelan que el trabajo
doméstico desempeñado por las mujeres es de aproximadamente (76.9%) y el trabajo de tipo
económico es de (23.1%). En contraste, el trabajo realizado por los hombres se compone por 78.7%
de tipo económico y sólo 21.3% doméstico.