Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed
Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed. These materials are fermented with the help of activator microorganisms which accelerate the fermentation process. The mixture of microorganisms that is used to accelerate fermentation is known as an effective microorganism (EM) which also serves to suppress odors that appear in the process of decomposing organic matter.
In Japan, bokashi has been used since the 80s. Bokashi has been used by Japanese farmers in traditional soil improvement in an effort to increase microbial diversity in the soil and increase nutrients in the soil.
Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed. These materials are fermented with the help of activator microorganisms which accelerate the fermentation process. The mixture of microorganisms that is used to accelerate fermentation is known as an effective microorganism (EM) which also serves to suppress odors that appear in the process of decomposing organic matter.
In Japan, bokashi has been used since the 80s. Bokashi has been used by Japanese farmers in traditional soil improvement in an effort to increase microbial diversity in the soil and increase nutrients in the soil.
Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed
Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed. These materials are fermented with the help of activator microorganisms which accelerate the fermentation process. The mixture of microorganisms that is used to accelerate fermentation is known as an effective microorganism (EM) which also serves to suppress odors that appear in the process of decomposing organic matter.
In Japan, bokashi has been used since the 80s. Bokashi has been used by Japanese farmers in traditional soil improvement in an effort to increase microbial diversity in the soil and increase nutrients in the soil.
State University Of Medan 2018 BOKASHI Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a basic fertilizer or supplementary fertilizer derived from the fermentation of organic materials such as chaff, sawdust, straw, animal waste and others that can be combined as needed. These materials are fermented with the help of activator microorganisms which accelerate the fermentation process. The mixture of microorganisms that is used to accelerate fermentation is known as an effective microorganism (EM) which also serves to suppress odors that appear in the process of decomposing organic matter. In Japan, bokashi has been used since the 80s. Bokashi has been used by Japanese farmers in traditional soil improvement in an effort to increase microbial diversity in the soil and increase nutrients in the soil. Based on the type of fermentation, the process of making bokashi is grouped into two types, namely: bokashiaerobik and anaerobic bokashi. Table 1 describes the advantages and disadvantages of the bokashi type. Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bokashi Aerobic and Anaerobic Types
type Excess deficiencies
Aerobics Aerobics 1. can be 1. Organic nutrients mass produced can be lost 2. Short fermentation 2. the fermentation mass temperature is above 50 C Anaerobic 1.Nutrients of organic 1. Processing errors can matter can be cause poisoning maintained. or pollution
Organic ingredients used as bokashi ingredients, usuallygrouped as follows:
1. Rough ingredients, such as: rice straw, litter, grass, weeds, sawdust, rice husks, peanut shells, fibers, seaweed, and plant debris; 2. Fine ingredients, such as: rice bran, corn bran, wheat bran, flour corn, tapioca flour, and wheat flour; 3. Faeces of livestock chickens, cows, cattle, goats, horses, buffaloes, pigs and others. 4. Selection of the right ingredient composition determines the acquisition of bokashi quality ones. The general composition of the materials used in making 1 ton of good bokashi is as listed in Table 2. Table 2. General Composition of Bokashi Making Materials (1 Ton Scale)
Material Proportion / Volume
Proportion / Volume Organic matter 80% Cattle manure 10% Bran 10% EM 1 liter Molasses or sugar 1 Liter or 0.5 kg Water sufficiently
Effect of Bokashi on Plant Growth.
Bokashi can be used 3-14 days after fermentation treatment. Bokashi it is very good to be used to increase plant growth and production, if bokashi is applied to the soil it will function as a medium or feed for the development of microorganisms,while increasing nutrients in the soil. The availability of nutrients that can be absorbed by plants is one factor that can affect the level of productivity of a plant.Basically, the type and amount of nutrients available in the soil must be sufficient and balanced for growth so that the level of productivity that is expected to be achieved properly.Bokashi has sufficient micro nutrient content and is very necessary for plant growth with the characteristic that nutrients derived from organic matter require microbial activities to change from organic complex bond forms which cannot be utilized by plants and will be formed into simple organic and inorganic compounds that can be absorbed by plants In its use, bokashi can increase nutrient concentration in the ground. In addition, Bokashi can also improve the air and ground water system. Thus, the roots of the plant will develop well and the roots can absorb more nutrients, especially N nutrients which will increase the formation of chlorophyll, so that photosynthetic activity is increased and can increase the number and extent of leaves. This relates to the ability of organic matter to improve the properties (texture and structure) of soil and soil biology so as to create a better environment for plant roots .As for the nutrient content in bokashi fertilizer is presented in Table 3.
Bokshi Fertilizer Elements percentage of nutrients
H2O (%) 8.50 KCL (%) 7.60 C organic (%) 26.90 N Total (%) 1.25 C / N (%) 21.5 K (%) 1.44 P2O5 (%) 1.02 In this regard, bokashi also increases the activity of soil microorganisms which are very helpful in the process of organic matter remodeling, so that nutrients become available and the absorption of nutrients needed by plants increases and allows plants to experience better vegetative growth and development. In conditions of sufficient plants will be nutrients, then the rate of photosynthesis in producing assimilation is increasing.
Types of EM bacteria (Effective Microorganisms)
Effective microorganism (EM) is a mixture of microorganisms that are useful for plants (photosynthetic bacteria (Lactobacillus) lactic acid, yeast, Actinomycetes, and fermentation fungi) which can be used as inoculations to increase soil microbial diversity. The abilities of bacteria found in EM are as follows: 1. Photosynthetic bacteria are independent microorganisms. This bacterium form beneficial compounds from growing root secretions plants, organic matter and or harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide,with the help of sunlight and heat as an energy source. Substances These benefits include amino acids, nucleic acids, bioactive substances, and sugar, all of which can accelerate plant growth and development. The metabolic products produced by this bacteria can absorbed directly by plants and also functions as a substrate for other microorganisms so that the number can continue to increase. 2. Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp) produce lactic acid from sugar, and other carbohydrates produced by photosynthetic and yeast bacteria. Bacteria Lactic acid can destroy organic materials such as lignin and cellulose, and ferment it without causing compounds toxic caused by decay of organic matter. Lignin is polymer compounds in woody plant tissues, which fill the inter-cavities plant cells, causing plant tissue to become hard and difficult to be overhauled by soil organisms. On woody networks. Reshuffle lignin will affect the quality of the land in relation to the arrangement humus soil. 3. Yeast can produce compounds that are beneficial for plant growth from amino acids and sugar in the soil released by photosynthetic bacteria or organic matter through a fermentation process. Yeast also produces bioactive compounds such as hormones and enzymes, forms antibacterial substances and is beneficial for plant growth from amino acids and sugars released by photosynthetic bacteria, increasing the number of active cells and the development of roots. 4.Actinomycetes sp is a group of microorganisms whose structure is a form of bacteria and fungi. This group produce anti-microbial substances from amino acids released by photosynthetic bacteria and organic matter. Substances produced by These microorganisms can suppress the growth of fungi and bacteria harming plants, but can coexist with bacteria photosynthetics. Thus both species can improve the quality of the soil environment by increasing anti-activity soil microbes of actinomycetes, will form aggregate even in the absence of a clay fraction 5. Fermentation mushrooms such as Aspergillus and Penicillium decompose organic matter quickly to produce alcohol, esters, and anti-microbial substances. This fungus growth functions in removing odors and preventing insect attacks and harmful caterpillars in a way eliminate the supply of food. Penicillium able to produce polysaccharides that are useful as soil particle adhesives. The stability of soil aggregates depends on the natural state of the microbes in increasing soil particles and containing soil organic matter. The adhesion of soil particles will encourage the formation of good agraget-agraget so that soil aeration and permeability is better EM applications through bokashi organic matter can stimulate plant growth by: dissolving nutrients from host rock with low solubility, such as phosphate rock; reacting heavy metals into compounds to inhibit the absorption of heavy metals by rooting plants; provide simple organic molecules to be absorbed directly by plants, such as amino acids; keep plants from pest attacks and plant diseases; spur the growth of plants by removing growth regulators, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil; improve the decomposition of organic matter and plant residues, and accelerate nutrient cycling. The addition of organic ingredients to the soil is very necessary for the life of microorganisms in the soil. Organic ingredients that enter into the soil fermented by EM. The fermentation results are in the form of sugar, alcohol, lactic acid, amino acids, and other organic compounds directly absorbed by the roots of plants through the osmose process. Reaction fermentation also plays a role in: 1. Produce organic compounds, plant hormones (auxin, gibrelin, cytokines, vitamins, antibiotics, and polysaccharides that can spur plant growth); 2. Increase the solubility of nutrients from the parent unit so that it adds availability for plants; 3. Adding organic compounds that are easily absorbed by plants A good method of application in giving plants with bocation fertilizer is: 1. Spread system Bokashi is spread evenly on the ground at a dose of 5-10 tons / Ha. This system is carried out before and after tillage. Flow / flow system: the way the bokashi is spread along the groove / row of plants with a dose of 5 to 10 tons / ha. Portugal system; the allocation is given to the planting hole to be planted with a dose of 150-200 gr / planting. This gift is given to vegetable plants or as a supplementary fertilizer. 2. Circular way bokashi is spread circularly around the plant (for perennials) by making grooves curved under the tree canopy, after the bokashi is spread, the soil is closed again. For nurseries; media for nursery namely, the allocation is mixed with sand in a ratio of 2: 1, can also be added to the soil to taste.