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3D Geometry

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3D Geometry

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

3 2 6 Q.15 Find the intercepts cut by the plane 3x –
Q.1 Direction cosines of a line are , , ,
7 7 7 2y + 4z – 12 = 0 on axes.
find its direction ratios.
Q.16 Direction ratios of a line are 1, 3, –2. Find
Q.2 Find the direction ratios of a line passing its direction cosines.
through the points (2, 1, 0) and (1, –2, 3), so
Q.17 Find the direction cosines of y-axis.
directed that it makes an acute angle with x-
axis. Q.18 Find the direction of the line
x  2 2y  1 3  z
Q.3 Find the angle between the lines   .
1 3 5
x y z x 1 y 5 z 3
  and   .
1 2 0 3 2 1 Q.19 Find the angle between the planes
Q.4 Find the equation of a line parallel to the r.(iˆ  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ  1andr.(3iˆ  6ˆj  2k)
ˆ  0.

vector 3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ and passing through the point Q.20 Find the angle between the line
(1,1,1).
r  (2iˆ  ˆj  3k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  6ˆj  2k)
ˆ and the plane
Q.5 Write the vector equation of a line whose r.(iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ 3
x  3 y 1 z 1
Cartesian equation is   .
2 4 5 Q.21 Find the direction cosines of the two
lines which are connected by the relations
Q.6 Write the Cartesian equation of a line  5m  3n  0and7 2  5m2  3n2  0.
whose vector equations is
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
r  (3i  2 j  5k)  ( 2i  j  3k). Q.22 Prove that, the line passing through the
point (1, 2, 3) and (–1, –2, –3) is perpendicular
Q.7 Find the value of p, such that the line to the line passing through the points (–2, 1, 5)
x y z x y z and (3, 3, 2).
  and   are perpendicular
1 3 2p 3 5 2
Q.23 Find the coordinates of the foot of the
to each other.
perpendicular drawn from the point (1, 2, 1) to
Q.8 Write the Cartesian equation of the plane the line joining the points (1, 4, 6) and (5, 4, 4).
r(3iˆ  2ˆj  5k)
ˆ  7.
Q.24 If a variable line in two adjacent positions
has direction cosines , m, n and
Q.9 Write the vector equation of plane
3x  y  4z  7  0 .   ,m   m,n   n, prove that the small angle
 between two position is given by
Q.10 Find the vector, normal to the plane ()2  ( )2  (m)2  (n)2 .
r.(3iˆ  7k)
ˆ 5  0 .
Q.25 Verify that
Q.11 Find the direction ratios of a line, normal  2  3 m1  m2  m3 n1  n2  n3
to the plane 7x + y – 2z = 1.
1
, , can be taken
3 3 3
Q.12 Find the angle between the line as direction cosines of a line equally inclined to
x  2 y 1 z three mutually perpendicular lines with
  and the plane 3x  2z  4  0.
4 5 7 direction cosines 1 ,m1 ,n1 ; 2 ,m2 ,n2

Q.13 Find the distance of the plane and 3 ,m3 ,n3

x + y + 3z + 7 = 0 from origin.
Q.26 Find the equations of line through the
Q.14 Find the distance of the plane point (3, 0, 1) and parallel to the planes x + 2y
3x – 3y + 3z = 0 from the point (1, 1, 1). = 0 and 3y – z = 0.

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3D Geometry

Q.27 Find the equations of the planes through line of intersection of the planes x – 3y – 5 = 0
the intersection of the planes x + 3y + 6 = 0 and 9y – z + 16 = 0.
and 3x – y – 4z = 0 whose perpendicular
Q.38 Prove that, the plane through
distance from the origin is equal to 1.
the points (1, 1, 1), (1, –1, 1) and (–7, 3, –5) is
Q.28 Find the equation of the plane through perpendicular to xz-plane.
the points (–1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 1) and
Q.39 Find the length and coordinates
perpendicular to the plane x + 2y + 2z = 5.
of the foot of perpendicular from points (1, 1,
Q.29 Find the distance of the point 2) to the plane 2x – 2y + 4z + 5 = 0.
(–1, –5, –10) from the plane
Q.40 Find the vector equation in the scalar
x – y + z = 5 measured parallel to the line
product form, of the plane passing through the
x 2 y 1 z 2
  . points (1, 0, –1), (3, 2, 2) and parallel to line
3 4 12
r  ˆi  ˆj  (iˆ  2ˆj  3k).
ˆ
Q.30 Find the vector and Cartesian forms of the
equation of the plane passing through (1, 2, – Q.41 Find the distance between the parallel
4) and parallel to the line planes 2x – y + 3z – 4 = 0 and 6x – 3y + 9z +
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
r  i  2 j  4k  (2i  3 j  6k) and 13 =0.

r  ˆi  3jˆ  5kˆ  (iˆ  ˆj  k).

ˆ Q.42 Prove that, the equation of a plane. Which
Q.31 If straight line having direction cosines
given by a  bm  cn  0 and
fmn  gn  h m  0 are perpendicular, the
f g h
prove that    0.
a b c
Q.32 Prove that, the lines x = ay + b,
z = cy + d and x = a’y + b’, z = c’y + d’ are
perpendicular to each other, if aa’ + cc’ + 1 =
0.
Q.33 Find the equation of the plane passing
through the intersection of the planes 4x – y +
z = 10 and x + y – z = 4 and parallel to the line
with direction ratios 2, 1, 1. Find also the
perpendicular distance of (1, 1, 1) from this
plane.
Q.34 The foot of the perpendicular drawn from
the origin to the plane is
(2, 5, 7). Find the equation of plane.
Q.35 Find the equation of a plane
through (–1, –1, 2) and perpendicular to the
planes 3x + 2y – 3z = 1 and 5x – 4y + z = 5.
Q.36 Find the angle between the lines whose
direction cosines are given by equations
 m  n  0; 2  m2  n2  0
Q.37 Find the equations of the line which
passes through (5, –7, –3) and is parallel to the
meets the axes in A, B, and C and the given
centroid of triangle ABC is the point ( , ,  ), is
x y z
   3.
  
Q.43 Find the equation of the plane passing
through the origin and the line of intersection
of the planes x – 2y + 3z + 4 = 0 and
x – y + z + 3 = 0.
Q.44 Prove that, the line 2x + 2y – z – 6 = 0, 2x +
3y – z – 8 = 0 is parallel to the plane y = 0. Find
the coordinates of the point where this line
meets the plane x = 0.
Q.45 Find the equation of the plane through
the line ax + by + cz + d = 0, a’x + b’y + c’z +
x y z
d’ = 0 and parallel to the line   .
m n
Q.46 Find the equation of a plane parallel to x-
axis and has intercepts 5 and 7 on y and z-axis,
respectively.
Q.47 A variable plane at a constant distance p
from origin meets the coordinate axes in points
A, B and C, respectively. Through these points,
planes are drawn parallel to the coordinate
planes, prove that locus of point of intersection
1 1 1 1
is 2  2  2  2 .
x y z p

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3D Geometry

Q.48 Find the value of  , for which the points

with position vectors ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ and 3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ
are equidistant from the plane
r.(5iˆ  2ˆj  7k)
ˆ  9  0.

Q.49 Find the equation of a plane which is at a

distance of 7 units from the origin and which is
normal to the vector 3iˆ  5ˆj  6kˆ

Q.50 Find the vector equation of the plane,

r  ˆi  ˆj  (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ  (4iˆ  2ˆj  3k)
ˆ in the
scalar product from.

27.3
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3D Geometry

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.1 The sum of the squares of direction cosines
x 1 y 3 z  4
of a straight line is Q.9 The line   is parallel to
1 2 3
(A) zero (B) two
the plane
(C) none (D) none of these
(A) 2x + y + 2z + 3 = 0 (B) 2x – y – 2z = 3
Q.2 Which one of the following (C) 21x – 12y + z = 0 (D) 2x + y – 2z = 0
is best condition for the plane ax + by + cz + d
Q.10 The vertices of the triangle PQR are (2, 1,
= 0 to intersect the x and y axes at equal angle
1), (3, 1, 2) and (–4, 0, 1). The area of the triangle
(A) |a| = |b| (B) a = –b
is
(C) a = b (D) a2 + b2 = 1
38
Q.3 The equation of a straight line parallel to (A) (B) 38 (C) 4 (D) 2
2
the x-axis is given by
x a y b z c x a y b z c Q.11 Equation of straight line which passes
(A)   (B)  
1 1 1 0 1 1 through the point P(1, 0, –3) and Q(–2, 1, –4) is
x a y b z c x a y b z c x 2 y 1 z  4 x 1 y z  3
(C)   (D)   (A)   (B)  
0 0 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 3 1 1
x 1 / 2 y 1 z  4 x 1 y z  3
Q.4 A straight line is inclined to the axes of x (C   (D)  
3 1 1 3 1 1
and z at angles 45° and 60° respectively, then
the inclination of the line to the y-axis is Q.12 The condition that the line
(A) 30° (B) 45° (C) 60° (D) 90° x  x1 y  y 1 z  z1
  lies in the plane ax + by
m n
Q.5 The coordinates of the point of
+ cz + d = 0 is
x 1 y 3 z  2
intersection of the line   (A) ax1  by1  cz1  d  0 and a  bm  cn  0
1 3 2
with the plane 3x + 4y + 5z = 5 (B) a  bm  cn  0 and ax1  by1  cz1  d  0
(A) (5, 15, –14) (B) (3, 4, 5) (C) ax1  by1  cz1  d  0 and a  bm  cn  0
(C) (1, 3, –2) (D) (3, 12, –10)
(D) ax1  by1  cz1  0 and a  bm  cn  0
Q.6 Perpendicular is drawn from the point (0, 3,
4) to the plane 2x – 2y + z = 10. The coordinates Q.13 The points (0, –1, –1), (–4, 4, 4), (4, 5, 1)
of the foot of the perpendicular are and (3, 9, 4) are
8 1 16 8 1 16 (A) collinear (B) coplanar
(A)  , , (B) , , (C) forming a square (D) None of these
3 3 3 3 3 3
8 1 16 8 1 16 Q.14 Consider the following statements
(C) , , (D) , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 Assertion (A) : the plane y + z + 1 = 0 is parallel
to x-axis.
Q.7 The equation of the plane through the line Reason (R) : normal to the plane is parallel to x-
of intersection of the planes 2x + y – z – 4 = 0 axis. of these statements:
and 3x + 5z – 4 = 0 which cuts off equal (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
intercepts from the x-axis and y-axis is (B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct
(A) 3x + 3y – 8z + 8 = 0 (B) 3x + 3y – 8z – 8 = 0 explanation of A
(C) 3x – 3y – 8z – 8 = 0 (D) x + y – 8z – 8 = 0 (C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
Q.8 The symmetric form of the equation of the
line x + y – z = 1, 2x – 3y + z = 2 is
x y z x y z 1
(A)   (B)  
2 3 5 2 3 5
x y 1 z x 1 y z
(C)   (D)  
2 3 5 2 3 5

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3D Geometry

Q.15 The equation of the plane containing the

x  y  z  
line   is a(x  )  b(y  )
m n
c(z   )  0, where a  bm  cn is equal to
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) 0

Q.16 A straight line passes through the point

(2, –1, –1). It is parallel to the plane 4x + y + z
+ 2 = 0 and is perpendicular to the line
x y z 5
  . The equation of the straight
1 2 1
line are
x 2 y 1 z 1
(A)  
4 1 1
x  2 y 1 z 1
(B)  
4 1 1
x 2 y 1 z 1
(C)  
1 1 3
x  2 y 1 z 1
(D)  
1 1 3

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3D Geometry

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.1 The value of k such that
x  4 y 2 z k
  lies in the plane
1 1 2
2x  4y  z  7, is (2003)
(A) 7 (B) –7 (C) No real value (D) 4

x 1 y 1 z 1
Q.2 If the lines   and
2 3 4
x 3 y k z
  intersect, then the value of k
1 2 1
is (2004)
3 9 2 3
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 9 2

x y z
Q.3 A variable plane    1 at a unit
a b c
distance from origin cuts the coordinate axes at
A, B and C. Centroid (x, y, z) satisfies the
1 1 1
equation 2  2  2  K. The value of K is
x y z
(2005)
(A) 9 (B) 3 (C) 1/9 (D) 1/3

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Q.4 The area of the triangle whose vertices
are A(1, –1, 2), B(2, 1, –1), C(3, –1, 2) is …
(1983)

Q.5 The unit vector perpendicular to the plane

determined by P(1, –1, 2),
Q(2, 0, –1) and R(0, 2, 1) is…………..
(1983)

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
Q.6 A plane is parallel to two lines whose
direction ratios are (1, 0, –1) and
(–1, 1, 0) and it contains the point
(1, 1, 1). If it cuts coordinate axes at A, B, C. Then
find the volume of the tetrahedron OABC.
(2004)

Q.7 Find the equation of the plane containing

the line 2x – y + z – 3 = 0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at
1
a distance of from the point (2, 1, –1).
6
(2005)

27.6
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3D Geometry
EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED
Q.1 Points X & Y are taken on the sides QR &
RS, respectively of a parallelogram PQRS, so
   
that QX  4 XR &RY  4 YS. The line XY cuts
 21  
 x1 x2
the line PR at Z. Prove that PZ    PR.
 25 
Q.2 Given three points on the xy plane on O(0,
0), A(1, 0) and B(–1, 0). Point P is moving on the
plane satisfying the condition
(PA PB)  3(OA  OB)  0 . If the maximum and
minimum values of | PA || PB | are M and m,
respectively then find the value of M + m . 2 2
Instruction for questions 3 to 6.
Suppose the three vectors, a,b,c on a plane
satisfy the condition that
| a |  | b |  | c |  | a  b | 1;c is perpendicular to a
and b  c  0, then
Q.3 Find the angle formed by 2a  b and b .
Q.4 If the vector c is expressed as a linear
combination a  b then find the ordered
pair ( , ) .
Q.5 For real number x, y the vector
p = xa + yc satisfies the condition 0  p  a  1
and 0  p  b  1. Find the maximum value of
p.c.
Q.6 For the maximum value of x and y, find the
linear combination of p in terms of a and b .
Q.7 The position vectors of the vertices
A, B and C of a tetrahedron are (1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0)
and (3, 0, 0) respectively. The altitude from the
vertex D to the opposite face ABC meets the
medium line through A of the triangle ABC at a
point E. If the length of side AD is 4 and volume
of the tetrahedron is 2, 2, 3 then find the all
possible position vectors of the point E.
Q.8 Given non zero number x1 ,x 2 ,x3 ; y1 , y 2 , y 3
and z1 ,z 2 andz3 (i) Can the given numbers
satisfy
x3
y1 y 2 y 3  0 and
z1 z 2 z3
 x1 x2  y1 y 2  z1 z 2  0

x2 x3  y 2 y 3  z 2 z3  0 (ii) If x1  0 and y1  0
x x  y y  z z  0
 3 1 3 1 3 1
for all I = 1, 2, 3 and P  (x1 ,x 2 ,x 3 ); Q(y 1 , y 2 , y 3 )
and O(0, 0, 0) can the triangle POQ be a right
angled triangle?
Q.9 ABCD is a tetrahedron with pv’s of its
angular points as A( 5,22,5);B(1,2,3);C(4,3,2)
and D(1,2, 3). If the area of the triangle AEF
where the quadrilaterals ABDE and ABCF are
parallelogram is S then find the value of S.
Q.10 If x, y are two non-zero and non-collinear
vectors satisfying
[(a  2)2  (b  3)  c]x  [(a  2)2  (b  3)  c]y
[(a  2)  2  (b  3)   c](x  y)  0
where , ,  are three distinct real numbers,
then find the value of (a2  b2  c2 ).
Q.11 Find the angle between the two
straight line whose direction cosines ,m,n are
given by 2  2m  n  0 and mn  n  m  0.
Q.12 Find the equations of the straight line
passing through the point (1, 2, 3) to intersect
the straight line x  1  2(y  2)  x  4 and
parallel to the plane x  5y  4z  0.
Q.13 Find the equations of the two lines
through the origin which intersect the line
x 3 y 3 z p
  at an angle of .
2 1 1 3
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3D Geometry

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 If P(2, 3, –6) and Q(3, –4, 5) are two points, (B) 5x – y – 4z = 3
the direction cosines of line PQ are (C) 5x – y – 4z + 45 = 0
1 7 11 (D) 23x – 13y + 32z + 3 = 0
(A)  , ,
171 171 171
Q.8 The shortest distance between the two
1 7 11 x  4 /3 y 6 /5 z 3/ 2
(B) , ,
171 171 171 straight lines  
2 3 4
1 7 11 5y  6 2z  3 3x  4
(C) , , and   is
171 171 171 8 9 5
1 7 11 (A) 29 (B) 3(C) 0 (D) 6 10
(D)  , ,
171 171 171
Q.9 The equation of the straight line through
Q.2 The ratio in which yz-plane divide the line the origin parallel to the line
joining the points A(3, 1, –5) and (b + c)x + (c + a)y + (a + b) z = k
B(1, 4, –6) is = (b – c)x + (c – a)y + (a – b)z is
(A) –3 : 1 (B) 3 : 1 (C) –1 : 3 (D) 1 : 3 x y z
(A) 2 2  2 2  2
b c c a a  b2
Q.3 The value of  for which the lines
x y z
3x  2y  z  5  0  x  y  2z  3 and (B)  
b c a
2x  y  z  0  7x  10y  8z are
x y z
perpendicular to each other is (C) 2  2  2
a  bc b  ca c  ab
(A) –1 (B) –2 (C) 2 (D) 1
(D) None of these
Q.4 The ratio in which yz-plane divides the line
joining (2, 4, 5) and (3, 5, 7)
(A) –2 : 3 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 2 (D) –3 : 2

Q.5 A line makes angle  , ,  ,  with the

four diagonals of a cube then cos2   cos2 
 cos2   cos2  is equal to
(A) 1 (B) 4/3 (C) ¾ (D) 4/5

Q.6 A variable plane passes through a fixed

point (a, b, c) and meets the coordinate axes in
A, B, C. the locus of the point common to plane
through A, B, C parallel to coordinate planes is
(A) ayz + bzx + cxy = xyz
(B) axy + byz + czx = xyz
(C) axy + byz + czx = abc
(D) bcx + acy + abz = abc

Q.7 The equation of the plane bisecting

the acute angle between the planes
2x – y + 2z + 3 = 0 and 3x – 2y + 6z + 8 = 0
(A) 23x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0

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3D Geometry

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) x 1 y  2 z 1
:  
and is perpendicular to two planes 1
3 1 2
2x – 2y + z = 0 and x – y + 2z = 4, then the x 2 y 2 z 3
distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is 2
:   (2008)
1 2 3
(2006)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 2 Q.6 The unit vector perpendicular to both 1

and is
Q.2 Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in space and 2

Q be a point on the line ˆi  7ˆj  7kˆ ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ

(A) (B)
r  (iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  ( 3iˆ  ˆj  5k)
ˆ . Then the value 99 5 3

of  for which the vector PQ is parallel to the ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ 7iˆ  7ˆj  kˆ
(C) (D)
plane x – 4y + 3z = 1 is (2009) 5 3 99
1 1 1 1 Q.7 The shortest distance between and is
(A) (B)  (C)  (D)  1 2
4 4 8 8
(A) 0 unit (B) 17 / 3unit
Q.3 A line with positive direction cosines passes
(C) 41 / 5 3unit (D) 17 / 5 3unit
through the point P(2, –1, 2)
and makes equal angles with the coordinate Q.8 The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the
axes. The line meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at plane passing through the point (–1, –2, –1) and
point Q. The length of the line segment PQ whose normal is perpendicular to both are lines
equals (2009) and 2 is
1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2
(A) 2 / 75 unit (B) 7 / 75 unit
ASSERTION AND REASONING (C) 13 / 75unit (D) 23 / 75unit
Q.4 Consider the planes 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and
2x + y –2z = 5. Match the condition/expression in Column I
Statement I: The parametric equations of the with statement in Column II.
line of intersection of the given planes are x = Q.9 Consider the following linear equations
3 + 14t, y = 1 + 2t, z =15t. ax + by + cz = 0, bx + cy + az = 0,
Statement II: the vectors 14iˆ  2ˆj  15kˆ is cx + ay + bz =0 (2007)
parallel to the line of intersection of the given Column I Column II
planes. (2007) (A) a  b  c  0 (p) the equation
and a  b  c
2 2 2
represent
Q.5 Consider three planes
 ab  bc  ca planes meeting
P1 : x  y  z  1 P2 : x  y  z  1 and only at a single
P3 : x  3y  3z  2 point
Let L1, L2, L3 be the lines of intersection of the (B) a  b  c  0 (q) the equation
planes P2 and P3, P3 and P1, P1 and P2, and a2  b2  c2 represent the
respectively.  ab  bc  ca line x = y = z
Statement I : At least two of the lines L1, L2 and (C) a  b  c  0 (r) the equations
L3 are non-parallel. and a2  b2  c2 represent
Statement II : The three planes do not have a  ab  bc  ca identical planes
common point (2008) (D) a  b  c  0 (s) the equations
PASSAGE-BASED PROBLEM and a2  b2  c2 represent the
Read the following passage and answer the ab  bc  ca whole of the
questions. Consider the lines three
dimensional
space

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3D Geometry

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
Q.10 (a) Find the equation of the plane
passing through the points (2, 1, 0), (5, 0, 1) and
(4, 1, 1).
(b) If P is the point (2, 1, 6), then the point Q
such that PQ is perpendicular to the plane in
(a) and the mid point of PQ lies on it. (2003)

Q.11 T is a parallelepiped in which A, B, C and

D are vertices of one face and the face just
above it has corresponding vertices A’, B’, C’, D’,
T is now compressed to S with face ABCD
remaining same and A’, B’, C’, D’ shifted to A’’,
B’’, C”, D” in S. the volume of parallelepiped S is
reduced to 90% of T. Prove that locus of A” is a
plane. (2003)

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3D Geometry

PLANCESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q.5 Q.10 Q.23 Q.29 Q.36 Q.40 Q.42 Q.47 Q.49 Q.50

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.2 Q.8 Q.12 Q.13 Q.15

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.3 Q.6

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.2 Q.5 Q.8 Q.10 Q.13

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.2 Q.5 Q.6 Q.7 Q.9

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.3 Q.5 Q.6 Q.9 Q.11

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3D Geometry

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
 7 
Q.1 <3, –2, 6> Q.2 <1, 3, –3> Q.3 cos1  
 70 
Q.4   ( ˆi  ˆj  k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  ˆj  3k)
ˆ Q.5 r  ( 3iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ  (2iˆ  4ˆj  5k)
ˆ
x 3 y 2 z 5
Q.6   Q.7 –3 Q.8 3x + 2y +5z = 7
2 1 3
ˆ ˆ ˆ
Q.9 r(3i  j  4k)  7  0 Q.10 3iˆ  7ˆj Q.11 <7, 1, –2>
 2  7 1
Q.12 sin1   Q.13 Q.14
 13 90  11 3
1 3 2
Q.15 4, –6, 3 Q.16 Q.17 <0, 1, 0>
14 14 14
 11   1 
Q.18 <2, 3, –10> Q.19 cos1   Q.20 sin1  
 21  7 3
1 2 3 1 1 2
Q.21 . , , , , Q.23 (3, 4, 5)
14 14 14 6 6 6
x 3 y z 1
Q.26   Q.27 x – 2y – 2x – 3 = 0; 2x + y – 2z + 3 = 0
2 1 3
Q.28 2x + 2y – 3z + 3 = 0 Q.29 13 Q.30 9x – 8y + z + 11 = 0
3 2
Q.33 5y  5z  6  0, Q.34 2x + 5y + 7z = 78 Q.35 5x + 9y + 11z – 8 = 0
5
x 5 y  7 z  3  1 25 1  13 6
Q.36 60° Q.37   Q.39   , , ,
3 1 9  12 12 6  12
25 14
Q.40 r(4iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ 6 Q.41 Q.43 x + 2y – 5z = 0
42
Q.43 x + 2y – 5z = 0 Q.44 (0, 2, –2)
a  bm  cn
Q.45 (ax + by + cz + d)  (a' x  b' y  c' z  a')  0
(a'1  b'm  c'm)
Q.46 7y + 5z = 35 Q.48   3,  6 Q.49 r(3iˆ  5jˆ  6k)
ˆ  7 70  0
Q.50 r(5iˆ  ˆj  6k)
ˆ 4

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 C
Q.5 A Q.6 B Q.7 B Q.8 D
Q.9 C Q.10 A Q.11 D Q.12 C
Q.13 B Q.14 C Q.15 D Q.16 C

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.1 (a) Q.2 (b) Q.3 (a)

FILL IN THE BLANKS

(2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
Q.4 13 sq unit Q.5 
6

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3D Geometry

ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS
9
Q.6 cu unit Q.72x – y + z – 3 = 0 and 62x + 29y + 19z – 105 = 0
2

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

p  1 2 
Q.2 34 Q.3 Q.4  ,  Q.5 3 Q.6 p  2(a  b)
2  3 3
Q.7 (–1, 3, 3) and (3, –1, –1) Q.8 NO, NO Q.9 110
x 1 y  2 z 3 x y z x y z
Q.10 13 Q.11   90 Q.12   Q.13   or  
2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 2

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 D Q.4 A Q.5 B Q.6 A
Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 C

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTION JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 (d) Q.2 (a) Q.3 (c)

ASSERTION AND REASONING

Q.4 (d) Q.5 (d)

PASSAGE BASED PROBLEM

Q.6 (b) Q.7 (d) Q.8 (c)

MATCH THE COLUMN

Q.9 A  r; B  q; C  p; D  s

ANALYTICAL & DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS

Q.10 (a) x + y – 2z = 3 (b) Q(6, 5, –2)

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3D Geometry

SOLUTIONS
Direction ratio of line perpendicular to plane
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN <3, 0, –2>
4  3  ( 5)  (0)  7  ( 2) 2
sin  =
3 2 6 16  25  49 9  0  4 90 13
Sol.1 l  m= n=
7 7 7
Direction ratios are <3, –2, 6> Sol.13 x + y + 3z + 7 = 0
0  0  3(0)  7 7
Distance from origin is =
Sol.2 [2, 1, 0] & [1, –2, 3] 11 9 11
Direction ratios = 2 – 1, 1 + 2, 0 – 3
= <1, 3, –3> Sol.14 3x – 3y + 3z = 0
Distance from (1, 1, 1) is
Sol.3 It makes acute angle with x-axis
3(1)  3(1)  3(1) 3 1
x y z x 1 y 5 z3 = 
  and = = 999 3 3 3
1 2 0 3 2 1
<1, 2, 0> and <3, 2, 1> Sol.15 3x – 2y + 4z = 12
1.3  2.2  0.1 7 Intercept on x-axis (y, z = 0, 0)x = 4
cos  = =
5 14 70 Intercept on y-axis (z, z = 0, 0)y = –6
Intercept on z-axis (x, y = 0, 0)z = 3
 7 
   cos1  
 70  Sol.16 <a, b, c> = <1, 3, –2>
< l , m, n> =
x 1 y 1 z 1  1 3 2 
Sol.4   t , ,
3 1 3  
 19 4 19 4 19 4 
r = –i + j + k + t (3i – j – 3k)
 1 3 2 
Sol.5 r =–3i + j – k +  (2i + 4j + 5k) =  , , 
 14 14 14 
Sol.6 xi + yk + zk = (3 – 2 )i + (2 +  )j + (–5
Sol.17 Direction cosines of y-axis = <0, 1, 0>
+ 3  )k
x3 y2 z 5 Sol.18 Direction of line
= =
2 1 3 x2 2y  1 3z
= =
1 3 5
Sol.7 cos  = 0 = –3.1 + 3.5 + 2p.2
1
 12 + 4p = 0  p = –3 x2 y
 = 2 = z3
Sol.8 (xi + yj + zk) . (3i + 2j + 5k) = 7 1 3 5
3x+ 2y + 5z = 7 2
3
Sol.9 3x – y – 4z = –7 Direction ratio are 1, ,  5
2
r . (3i – j – 4k) = –7
Sol.19 r . (i – 2j – 2k) = 1
Sol.10 3x – 7y = –5 r . (3i – 6j + 2k) = 0
Direction ratios of normal to plane are(3, –7, 0) 3.1  ( 6).( 2)  (2)( 2)
cos  =
the vector along that normal is 3i – 7j. 1  4  4 9  36  4
Sol.11 7x + y – 2z = 1 3  12  4 11
= =
Direction ratios of vector normal to the plane 3.7 21
are  11 
  cos1  
7i + j – 2k = 0  21 
<7, 1, -2>
Sol.20 r = 2i – j + 3k +  (3i – 6j + 2k)
Sol.12 Direction ratios of line <4, -5, 7> & Plane r. (i + j + k) = 3

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3D Geometry

3.1  6.1  2.1 1  neglecting 

sin = =  2 2
3 9  36  4 7 3 l , m , n 
2

Sol.21 l - 5m + 3n = 0
l 2  m2  n2  l l  mm  nn
7l 2  5m2  3n2  0 
l  5m  3n (l 2  m2  n2 ) (l 2  2l l  m2  2l m  n2  2l n)
7(25m2  9n2  30mn)  5m2  3n2  0
180m2  60n2  210mn  0 1  ()2 1  ll  mm  nn
=
6m2  7mn  2n2  0 2 1
 6m2  4mn  3mn  2n2  0 ()  2(ll  mm  nn) …..(1)
2

 2m (3m – 2n) – n(3m – 2n) = 0 l 2  m2  n2  (l  l )2  (m  m)2  (n  n)2

n 2n  (l )2  (m)2  (n)2  2ll  2mm  2nn
m= or m 
2 3 …..(2)
n 2n m ()2  (l )2  (m)2  (m)2
If m = , l = –m, if m = , l=
2 3 2
the following ratio are Sol.25 l3m3n3
1 1 2 1 2 3 l2m2n2
, , or , ,
6 6 6 14 14 14

Sol.22 Line through the points

x 1 y2 z3 l1m1n1
= = = 
2 4 6  l1  l2  l3   m1  m2  m3   n1  n2  n3 
x3 y 3 z 3   l1    m1    .n1
    3   3   3 
5 2 3
2.5  4.2  6.( 3) 1  l1l2  l1l3  m1m2  m3m1  n1m2  n1n3
cos  = =0 1
56 38 = =
3 3
  90
1
Similarly dot product with l2 and l3 gives
x 5 y4 z4 3
Sol.23 = = equation of line
4 0 2 as result
• (1, 2, 1); • ( ,  ,  ) i.e. it makes same angle with (l1 ,m1 ,n1 )
 = 5 + 4 (l2 ,m2 ,n2 ) and (l3 ,m3 ,n3 )
4
  4  2 Sol.26 x + 2y = 0……(1)
 (  1). 4  (  2) . 0  (   1) . ( 2)  0 3y – z = 0
(4  4)4  2(3  2)  0  20  10  0 2z
2y – = 0……(2)
1 3

2 The line will be across (a1 , b1 , c1 ) × (a2 , b2 ,c2 )
 1  (1 2 0) × (0 3 –1)
  5  4   3 4=4
 2 i j k
 1  1 2 0 i(–2) –j (–1) + k(3) = –2i + j + 3k
  4  2   5
 2 0 3 1
(3, 4, 5) x 3 y  0 z 1
Equation of line will be  
2 1 3
Sol.24 cos () =
l . (l  l )  m . (m  m)  n . (n  n) Sol.27 x + 3y + 6 = 0, 3x – y – 4z = 0
l 2  m2  n2 (l  l )2  (m  m)2  (n  n)2 x + 3y + 6 +  (3x – y – 4z) = 0
x(1 + 3 ) + y (3 –  ) + z (-4  ) + 6 = 0

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3D Geometry

Distance from origin = –9x + 8y – z = 11

6 r • (–9i + 8j – k) = 11
=1
(1  3 )2  (4 )2  (3   )2
36 = 1  9 2  6  16 2  9   2  6 x b zd
Sol.32 =y= ….(1)
36 = 26 2  10 a c
  1 x  b' z  d'
=y= ….(2)
Planes are  4x + 2y – 4z + 6 = 0 (  1) a' c'
2x  4y  4z  6  0 (  1) These 2 are perpendicular
aa’ + cc’ + 1 = 0
Sol.28 ax + by + cz = 1
(–1, 1, 1) Sol.33 4x – y + z – 10 +  (x + y – z – 4) = 0
–a+b+c=1 x(4   )  y( 1   )  z(1   )  10  4
(1, –1, 1) (4  )• 2  (  1)•1  (1  )•1  0
+a – b + c = 1 8  1  1  2  0
 c=1   4
a•1+b•2+2•c=0 5y  5z  6 equation of plane
a + 2b = –2 Distance from (1, 1, 1)
a–b=0 5  5  6 6 3 2
2 = = =
a=b= 25  25 5 2 5
3
Equation of plane is–2x – 2y + 3z = 3 Sol.34 Ratios of line perpendicular to plane is
{(2 – 0), (5 – 0), (7 – 0)}
Sol.29
Equation of plane is
(–1 + r cos  , – 5 + r cos  , – 10 + r cos  )
2x + 5y + 7z = k
are coordinates of point at distance r from
(2, 5, 7) lie on the plane
(–1, –5, –10) along  , ,  2.2 + 5.5 + 7.7 = k = 78
These points lie on the given plane 2x + 5y + 7z = 78
x–y+z=5
Sol.35 Direction ratios of line  to the
– 1 + r cos  + 5 – r cos  + r cos  – 10 =
required plane
5
a1  a2
r cos  – r cos  + r cos  = 11
3x + 2y – 3y = 1
11 11.13
r= = = 13 units 5x – 4y + z = 5
3  4  12 11
i j k
13
3 2 3 =
Sol.30 ax + by + cz = 1 5 4 1
(1, 2, –4)
i(2 – 12) – j (3 + 15) + k (– 12 – 10)
a + 2b – 4c = 1 …..(1)
= 10i  18 j  22k
this plane is parallel
Plane will be
r1 = i + 2j + 4k +  (2i + 3j + 6k)
10x + 18y + 22z = k
r2 = i – 3j + 5k +  (i + j – k) pass through (–1, –1, 2)
2a + 3b + 6c = 0 2 . (22) – 28 = k
a+b–c=0 K = +16
b = –8c 10x + 18y + 22z – 16 = 0
a = 9c
9c – 16c – 4 c = 1 Sol.37 a1  a2
1 8 9
c= ,b= ,a =
11 11 11
Equation of plane is

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3D Geometry

i j k y
2x - –z=3
1 3 0 =i(3) – j (–1) + k (9) 2
0 9 1 4x – y – 2z = 6
r • (4i – j – 2k) = 6
=3i + j + 9k
x 5 y7 z3 Sol.41 distance between 2x – y + 3z = 4
= =
3 1 9 13
2x – y + 3z =
Sol.38 ax + by + cz = 1 3
a + b + c = 1 a + c = 1 – b 13
4
a – b + c = 1 b = 0 3 25 25 14
Distance, d = = =
–7a + 3b – 5 +5a = 1 4 19 3 14 42
b = 6 + 2a/3,a = –3,c = 4
–3x + 4z = 1  ratio  [-3, 0, 4] Sol.42 ax + by + cz = 1
xz plane  ratio  [0, 1, 0] 1   1   1
A  ,0,0 , B  0, ,0 , C  0,0, 
–3.0 + 0.1 + 4.0 = 0 a   b   c
Hence given plane is perpendicular to xz plane 1 1 1
= 3 , = 3 , = 3
a b c
 1  1  2
Sol.39 = = x y z
2 2 4   3
  
(2  2  8  5) 13
= =
4  4  16 24 Sol.43 x  2y  3z  4  (x  y  z  3)  0
(1,1,2) Through origin
4
3  4  0 ; 
3
 4  4  4
x  1    y  2    z  3    0
(a,b, g)  3  3  3
2x – 2y + 4z + 5 = 0
13 1 13 25  x 2y 5z
 1  ,  1    0
12 12 12 12 3 3 3
13 1 x + 2y – 5z = 0
 =2– =
6 6 Sol.44 2x  2y  z  6  (2x  3y  z  8)  0
22 8 5 13 x(2  2 )  y(2  3 )  z( 1   )  6  8  0
Length = =
24 24 equation of plane
Sol.40 ax + by + cz = 1 xz plane 0,1,0 any point on the line is
(1, 0, –1)  a – c = 1 (,2,2  2)
(3, 2, 2)  3a + 2b + 2c = 1 direction ratios of line
It is parallel to 1, 2,3 i j k
a – 2b + 3c = 0 2 2 1 = i( 2  3)  j( 2  2)  k(6  4)
4a + 5c = 1 2 3 1
4 + 4c + 5c = 1 = i + 2k = 1,0,2
1
c= This is parallel to plane y = 0 as
3
2 (1, 0, 2) • (0, 1, 0) = 0
a=   0 i.e. (0, 2, –2)
3
2 3 Sol.46 ax + by + cz = 1
 = +2b
3 3 1 1
= 5, = 7{given intercepts}
1 b c
b=
6 <a, b, c> • <1, 0, 0> = 0
a=0

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3D Geometry

y z equation of plane  r • (5i + j – 6k) = 4

 1; 7y + 5z = 35
5 7

Sol.47 ax + by + cz = 1
1
= P……(1)
a  b2  c2
2

1   1   1
A  ,0,0 ; B  0, ,0 ; C  0,0, 
a   b   c
1 1 1
x= ,y= ,c=
a b z
1 1 1 1
= a2  b2  c2 = 2  2  2 from (1)
P 2
x y z

Sol.48 i – j + 3k from 5x + 2y – 7z + 9 = 0
5  2  21  9 9
=
49  4  25 78
(3i  j  3k) from 5x + 2y – 7z + 9 =0
15  2  21  9 3  2
=
49  4  25 78
3  2  9
  3 or –6

Sol.49 Normal to vector 3i + 5j – 6k

3x +5y – 6z = k
at 7 units from origin
k
 7; k = ± 7 70
36  25  9
r (3i +5j – 6k) = ± 7 70

Sol.50 r = i  j  (i  j  k)  µ(4i  2 j  3k)

i j k
B = 1 1 1 = i(5) – j(–1) + k(– 2 – 4)
4 2 3
= 5i + j – 6 k
Plane pass through (1, –1, 0)
Equation of plane
r • (5i + j – 6k) = z
5(1) + 1(–1) – 6 (0) – z = 4

S 27.5
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3D Geometry

EXERCISE – 2 JEE MAIN

Sol.1 l 2  m2  n2  cos2   cos2   cos2   1 i j k
[C] Sol.8 1 1 1 = i(–2) – j(3) + k(–3 –2)
2 3 1
Sol.2 ax + by + cz + d = 0 to intersect x and y
axis at equal angle = –2i – 3j – 5k
| tan |  | tan |  | a |  | b | [A] It pass through (1, 0, 0)
x 1 y z
Sol.3 Parallel to x-axis i.e. <1, 0, 0> Equation of line is = = [D]
2 3 5
xa y b zc
= = [D] Sol.9 Line <1, 2, 3> is parallel to plane
1 0 0
ax + by + cz = 1
1 1 if a + 2b + 3c = 0
Sol.4 cos   cos   cos60 
2 2 only c satisfies the condition
l m n 1
2 2 2

1 1 Sol.10 a = 49  1  1 = 51 ;
  m2  1
2 4 b= 1 0 1 = 2 ;c = 36  1  0 = 37
1 2  51  37
m2  s=
4 2
1 s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
m  = cos
2
51  37  2  2  37  51 
  60 [C]   
2  2 
x 1 y 3 z  2 
Sol.5    2  51  37   37  51  2 
1 3 2    
 2   2 
 1  ,  3  3,  2  2 
37  2  2 74  51  31  (37  2  2 74 
3  1     4  3  3  5  2  2   5 =   
16
5  3  12  10  5
2 74  12  12  2 74 
5  30   
=
x=6 16
[5, 15, –14] [A] 4  74  144 296  144 152 38
= = = =
Sol.6 16 16 16 4
x0 y 3 z4 (0  6  4  10) 38
= = =   [A]
2 2 1 9 2
x y 3 12 4 x2 y 1 z4
= =z–4= = Sol.11 = =
2 2 33 3 3 1 1
8 8 4
x= ,y=3– ,z=4+ x 1 y z3
3 3 3 or = = [D]
3 1 1
8 1 16
, , [B]
3 3 3 Sol.12 al  bm  cn = 0
ax1  by1  cz1  d  0 i.e.[C]
Sol.7 2x + y – z – 4 +  (3x + 5z – 4) = 4
2 + 3 = 1 Sol.14 y + z + 1 = 0 [0, 1, 1]
1 x-axis [1, 0, 0]

3 sin   0
5 4 R is wrong [C]
2x – x + y – z – z – 4 + =0
3 3
3x + 3y – 8z – 8 = 0[B]

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3D Geometry

Sol.15 al  bm  cn  0 [D]

x 2 y 1 z 1
Sol.16  
a b c
4a + b + c = 0
a – 2b + c = 0
3a + 3b = 0
a = –b
c = 3b
x 2 y 1 z 1
  [C]
1 1 3

S 27.7
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3D Geometry

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Sol.1 Given equation of straight line 1 1 1

or  2  2 9 K
x  4 y 2 z k x 2
y z
 
1 1 2 K  9
Since, the line lies in the plane
2x – 4y + z = 7 1  
 Point (4, 2, k) must satisfy the plane. Sol.4 Area of ABC  (AB  AC), where
2
8–8+k=7 

k=7 AB  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ


and AC  2iˆ  0ˆj  0kˆ
Sol.2 Since, the lines intersect they must have
ˆi ˆj kˆ
a point in common  
x 1 y 1 z 1  AB  AC  1 2 3  2( 3ˆj  2k)
ˆ
i.e.,   
2 3 4 2 0 0
x 3 y k z
and    1  
1 2 1  Area of triangle  (AB  AC)
2
 x  2  1, y  3  1,z  4  1
1
and x    3, y  2  k, z   are same  .2. 9  4  13 sq unit
2
 2  1    3, 3  1  2  k, 4  1  
On solving Ist and IIIrd terms, we get, Sol.5 A unit vector perpendicular to the plane
3  
 (PQ PR)
2 determined by P, Q, R  
 
and   5 | PQ PR |
 k  3  2  1  

 3 where PQ  [iˆ  ˆj]  3kˆ and PR  ˆi  3ˆj  kˆ

9
 k  3     2( 5)  1  ˆi ˆj kˆ
 2 2
 
9  PQ  PR  1 1 3
k 
2 1 3 1

 ˆi( 1  9)  ˆj( 1  3)  kˆ (3  1)  8iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ

x y z
Sol.3 Since,    1 cuts the coordinate  
a b c  | PQ  PR |  4 4  1  1  4 6
axes at A(a, 0, 0), y  
B(0, b, 0), C(0, 0, c) and its B (0, b, 0) (PQ  PR)
 Unit vector  
distance from origin = 1 
| PQ  PR |

A x
1
 1 (a, 0, 0) 4(2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ (2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
C
1 1 1  
 2 2 z (0, 0, c) 4 6 6
a b
2
c
1 1 1
or 2  2  2  1 …(i) Sol.6 Let the equation of plane through (1, 1,
a b c
1) having a, b, c as DR’s of normal to plane,
where P is centroid of triangle
a(x  1)  b(y  1)  c(z  1)  0 and plane is
a b c
 x  , y  ,z  …(ii) parallel to straight line having DR’s.
3 3 3
(1, 0, –1) and (–1, 1, 0)
 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 a – c = 0 and –a + b = 0
1 1 1
 2  2 1 a=b=c
9x 2
9y 9z
 Equation of plane is x – 1 + y – 1 + z – 1 = 0

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3D Geometry

x y z
or    1. Its intercept on coordinate
3 3 3
axes are
A(3, 0, 0), B(0, 3, 0), C(0, 0, 3)
Hence, the volume of tetrahedron OABC
3 0 0
1 1 27 9
 [abc]  0 3 0   cu unit
6 6 6 2
0 0 3

Sol.7 Equation of plane containing the lines

2x  y  z  3  0 and 3x  y  z  5 is
(2x  y  z  3)  (3x  y  z  5)  0
 (2  3)x  (  1) y  (  1)z  3  5  0
Since, distance of plane from (2, 1, –1) to
above plane is 1 / 6.
6  4    1    1  3  5 1
 
(3  2)  (  1)  (  1)
2 2 2
6
 6(  1)  11  12  6
2 2

24
   0, 
5
 Equations of planes are
2x  y  z  3  0
and 62x  29y  19z  105  0

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3D Geometry

EXERCISE – 1 JEE ADVANCED

Sol.2 p (x ,y) a 2b
c= 
PA • PB  3OA • OB  0 3 3
(x  1)(x  1)  y  3(1)  0
2 p.a 2p.b
p.c = +
x2  y 2  4 3 3
 a  2b 
PA • PB p = xa  y  
 3 
(x  1)2  y 2 (x  1)2  y2  x  y  2yb
(5  2x) (5  2x) = 25  4x 2 p=   ai
 3  3
Max is 25 = 5 = M y 2y
Sol.6 For max. x & y; x    y  3x
Min = 9 =3 3 3
M  m  34
2 2
x = 1; y = 3
 p = 2a  2b
Sol.3 | a |  | b |  | c |  | a  b |  1
 | a |2  | b |2 2a • b  1 Sol.8 (1) A  [x1 y1 z1 ] ; B  [x 2 y 2 z 2 ] ; C  [x3 y 3 z 3 ]
1 A(B × C) = 0 all are coplanar
a•b 
2 A • B = 0 = B •C = C • A i.e. all are mutually 
  120 which Simultaneously is not possible.

 2a  b & b  (2)P = (x1 , y 2 , x 3 ) Q = (y1 y 2 y 3 ) O (0,0,0)
(2a + b) (b) = |2a + b| |b| cos 1 In POQ; OP = x1i  x 2 j  x3k
OQ = y1i  y 2 j  y 3k
2a . b + | b |2 = 4a2  b2  4a . b | b | cos 1
OP • OQ = x1 y1  x 2 y 2  x3 y 3 x1  0 y 1  0
1  1 = cos 1  k
OP • OQ < 0 [i.e. it can never be zero]
cos 1  0
 Sol.9
1 
2 A  (5,22,5)
B  (1,2,3)
Sol.4 c  a  µb C  (4,3,2)
| c |2 = 2  µ2  2µa . b  1 D  (1,2, 3)
2  µ2  µ  1 & AEF = S
c . a =  + µ (a . b)  0 DE  DA  DB
µ
 =0 OE – OD = OA – OD + OB – OD
2
µ OE = 5i  22j  5k  i  2j  3k  ( i  2j  3k)
  u = 2
2 OE = 3i  22j  11k
2  42  22  1
BF  BA  BC
1 2  1 2 
 ,µ=   ,  OF  OA  OC  OB
3 3  3 3
OF  5i  22j  5k  4i  3j  2k  i  2j  3k

Sol.5 P = xa + yc  p = yc OF = 2i  23j  4k

0  p.a  x  1 x [0,1] 1
Area = [AE × AF]
0  p.b  xa.b  1 x [2,0]  x  0 2
p. c = y 1
= (2i  6k)  (3i  j  k)
2 

S 27.10
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3D Geometry

i j k
2 0 6 =
3 1 1
i( 6)  j( 2  18)  k(2)  6i  20 j  2k

1 440
36  400  4 = = 110
2 4
S = 110


Sol.10 (a  2)2  (b  3)  c x  
(a  2) 2

 (b  3)  c y 

(a  2) 2
 (b  3)  c   x  y   0
a–2=b–3=c=0
a=2;b=3;c=0
a2  b2  c2  13

x 1 y  2 z 3
Sol.12  
a b c
a + 5b + 4c = 0
 1  2, 2  , 4  2  = 1  ka,2  kb,3  kc
ka  2 2kb 7  kc
 
2 2 2
2 7 5
= =
2b  a 2b  c ac
10b  7a  2c ……..(1)
7a  10b a  5b
=
2 4
3a
a=b;c= a = 2b = 2c = –3
2
x y z
Sol.13    
a b c
 a  3  2k
b  3  k
c  k

1 2a  b  c
 3 (a2  b2  c2 ) =
2 6 a b c2 2 2

2(2a  b  c)2
3  2k 3  k k
 
a b c
3a  3b 3c 3c
 
2b  a b  c a  2c
 a = 1, b = 2, c = –1 or a = –1 b = 1, c = –2

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3D Geometry

EXERCISE – 2 JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 Direction cosines of 1 1 1 1 4
=    
PQ (2, 3, –6) (3, –4, 5) 3 3 3 3 3
Ratios = 2 – 3, 3 + 4, –6 – 5 = –1, 7, –11 Sol.6 (x  a)  (y  b)   (z  c)  0
1 7 11  b  c  a 
Cosines = , ,
171 171 171 A , 0, 0
  
1 7 11
or , , [B] (h,k, l ) =
171 171 171
 a  b  c a  b  c a  b  c 
1  , , 
Sol.2   
(3,1, 5)( , ,  )(1, 4, 6)
(h – a)  = b  c
m3 4m  1 6m  5
 ,  ,  (k – b)  = a  c
m1 m1 m1
As   0  m = –3[A] (l  c)  = a  b
Sol.3 3x + 2y + z + 5 = x + y – 2z – 3 h  a b c
2x – y – z = 7x + 10y – 8z are  to each a k  b c  0
other a b l  c
i j k
(h  ) (k  b)(l  c)  bc  + b  al  ac  ac 
1. 3 2 1 = i(–5) – j (–6 –1) + k(3–2)
– c [ab + ak – ab] = 0
1 1 2
(h  ) [kl  kc  bl ] bal  cak  0
= –5i + 7j + k hk l  hkc  hbl  akl  akc  abl  bal  cak  0
i j k xyz = xyc + x2b + axy = 0 [A]
2. 2 1  = i (8  10) –j (–16 + 2x  y  2z  3 (3x  2y  6z  8)
Sol.7 = 
7 10 8 3 7
7 ) + k (+20 + 7) p1p2  q1q2  r1r2  6  2  12  0
–40 – 50  + 112 – 49  – 127 = 0   = 1 +ve  obtuse
[D] 23x – 13y + 32z + 45 = 0[A]
m 1 Sol.8 (2, 3, 4) (x, y, z) =
Sol.4
(2,4,5) (a,b,g) (3,5,7) 4 6 3 
3m  2 2  3  2 , 5  3 , 2  4
 0  m=
m1 3
(0, 1, 1) ( 4, 4, 4) (4,5,1) (3,9, 4)  5 8 9 4 6 3 
 3 , 5 , 2  =  3  5 , 5  8 , 2  9
A B C D
AB = –4i + 5j + 5k  4 6 3 
Both pass through  , ,
AC = 4i + 6j + 2k  3 5 2 
AD = 3i + 10j + 5k Min distance is zero.
i j k x y z
Sol.9  
AB × AC = 4 5 5 2  
4 6 2 (b  c)  (a  c)   (a  b)  0
(b  c)  (c  a)   (a  b)  0
= i(–20) –j (–28) + k(–44) = –20i + 28j – 44k
AD [ AB × AC] = 0 [–60 + 280 – 220] i.e. b  c  a  0 ; c  a  b  0
vectors are coplanar.   a2  bc
1   b2  ac
Sol.5 cos  
3   c2  ab
cos   cos   cos   cos 
2 2 2 2
x  z
= 2 = 2
a  bc
2
b  ac c  ab

S 27.12
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3D Geometry

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 Let the equation of plane be 2(x+ 2) + (r – 1) + (r + 2) = 9
a(x – 1) + b(y + 2) + c(z – 1) = 0 which is  Q(3,0,3)
perpendicular to 2x – 2y + z = 0 and  PQ  (3  2)  (0  1)  (3  2)  3
2 2 2

x – y + 2z = 4.
Sol.4 Given planes are 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x
 2a – 2b + c = 0 and a – b + 2c = 0
+ y – 2z = 5 For z = 0, we get x = 3,
a b c a b c
      . y = –1
3 3 0 1 1 0
Direction ratios of planes are
So, the equation of plane is
<3, –6, –2>
x  1  y  2  0 or x  y  1  0
and <2, 1, –2>
Its distance from the point (1, 2, 2) is then the DR’s of line of intersection of planes
|1 2 1 | is < 14, 2, 15> and line is
 2 2.
2 x 3 y 1 z 0
    (say)

14 2 15
Sol.2 Given OQ  (1  3 ) ˆi  (  1) ˆj  (5  2)k,
ˆ
 x  14  3, y  2  1,z  15

OP  3 ˆi  2 ˆj  6kˆ (Where O is origin) Hence, statement I is false.
PQ But statement II is true.
Sol.5 Given three planes are
i–4j+3k
P1 : x  y  z  1 …(i)
P2 : x  y  z  1 …(ii)
x–4y+3z=1
and P3 : x  3y  3z  2 …(iii)

Now, Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have

 x = 0, z = 1 + y
PQ  (1  3  3)iˆ  (  1  2) ˆj  (5  2  6)kˆ which does not satisfy Eq. (iii)
 ( 2  3 )iˆ  (  3)ˆj  (5  4)kˆ As, x  3y  3z  0  3y  3(1  y)  3( 2)
  Statement II is true.
PQ is parallel to the plane Next, since we know that direction ratio’s of
x  4y  3z  1
line of intersection of planes
 2  3  4  12  15  12  0
a1 x  b1 y  c1 z  d1  0
1
 8  2    and a2 x  b2 y  c2 z  d2  0 is
4
1 b1c2  b2c1 ,c1a2  a1c2 ,a1b2  a2b1
Sol.3 Since, mn
3 Using above result.
) Direction ratio’s of lines L1, L2 and L3 are 0, 2, 2
1,2
– ; 0; – 4, –4; 0, –2, –2
2,
P( Respectively
 All the three lines L1, L2, and L3 are parallel
Q
pairwise.
2x+y+z=9
 Statement I is false.
 Equation of line are
Sol.6 The equation of given lines in vector
x2 y 1 z 2
  form may be written as
1/ 3 1/ 3 1/ 3 L1 : r  (ˆi  2jˆ  k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ
 x 2  y 1  z 2  r
and L2 : r  (2iˆ  2jˆ  3k)
ˆ  (iˆ  2jˆ  3k)
ˆ
 Any point on the line is
Q  (r  2,r  1,r  2) Since, the vector perpendicular to both L1 and
Q lies on the plane 2x  y  z  9 L2.
 4r  5  9  r  1

S 27.13
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3D Geometry

ˆi ˆj kˆ (D) a + b + c = 0 and
a + b + c2 = ab + bc + ca
2 2
 3 1 2  ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ
 abc0
1 2 3
 the equations represent whole of the
 Required unit vector three dimensional space.
( ˆi  7ˆj  5k)
ˆ 1 Sol.10 (a) Equations of a plane passing
  ( ˆi  7ˆj  5k)
ˆ
( 1)  ( 7)  (5)
 2 2
5 3 through (2, 1, 0) is
a(x-2)+b(y-1)+c(z)=0
Sol.7 The shortest distance between L1 and L2
It also passes through (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1)
is
3a – b + c = 0
((2  ( 1)}iˆ  (2  2)ˆj  (3  ( 1))k)
ˆ  ( ˆi  7ˆj  5k)
ˆ
and 2a + 0b + c = 0
5 3 On solving, we get
(3iˆ  4k)
ˆ  ( ˆi  7ˆj  5k)
ˆ 17 a b c
 unit.  
1 1 2
5 3 5 3
 Equation of plane is
Sol.8 The equation of the plane passing (x  2)  (y  1)  2(z  0)  0
through the point (–1, –2, –1) and whose  x  2  y  1  2z  0
normal is perpendicular to both the given lines  x  y  2z  3
L1 and L2 may be written as
(x  1)  7(y  2)  5(z  1)  0 (b) Let the coordinate of Q (, ,  )
 x  7y  5z  10  0 x  2 y 1 z  6
Equation of line PQ   
1 1 2
1  7  5  10 13
  unit. Since, mid point of P and Q is
1  49  25 75
   2  1   6 
Match the Column  , , .
 2 2 2 
a b c
Which lies in a line PSol.
Sol.9 Let   b c a
2  1 6
c a b 2 1 6
 2  2  2
1 1 1 2
  (a  b  c)[(a  b)2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2 ]
2 2   1  6 
1  2  1  1  2  6
(A) If a + b + c  0 and a2  b2  c2 2 2 2
      =2
   0 and a  b  c  0 1  1  1  1  ( 2)( 2)
The equations represent identical planes.     2  1    6 
(B) a  b  c  0 and since,    1   2   3
  2   2   2  
a  b  c2  ab + bc + ca
2 2
   6,   5,   2
0
 Q(6, 5, –2)
 the equations have infinitely many
Sol.11 Let the equation of the plane ABCD be
solutions.
ax + by + cz + d = 0, the point A” be (, ,  )
ax  by  (a  b)z
bx  cy  (b  c)z and the height of the parallelepiped ABCD be
h.
 (b2  ac)y  (b2  ac)z  y  z
| a  b  c  d |
 ax  by  cy  0   90%h
 ax = ay a2  b2  c2
 x = y = z.  a  b  c  d   0.9h a2  b2  c2
(C) abc  0  Locus is, ax + by + cz + d =
and a2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca  0.9h a2  b2  c2
 0
 Locus of A” is a plane parallel to the plane
 the equation represent planes
ABCD.
meeting at only one point.

S 27.14
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