2 Evaluasi Diri Sekolah

Book 2A: Chapter 2, 4 – Identities and Factorization, More about Factorization and Polynomials (solution)
1 (a) (2a – b) + (3a + 2b) – (4a – 3b)
= 2a – b + 3a + 2b – 4a + 3b
= 2a + 3a – 4a – b + 2b + 3b
= a + 4b
(b) (3c + 2d) – (d – 2c) + (3d + 2c)
= 3c + 2d – d + 2c + 3d + 2c
= 3c + 2c + 2c + 2d – d + 3d
= 7c + 4d
2 (a) (3x – y)(x + 2y)
= 3x(x + 2y) – y(x + 2y)
= 3x2 + 6xy – xy – 2y2
= 3x2 + 5xy – 2y2
(b) (2y + 3x)(–x + y)
= 2y(–x + y) + 3x(–x + y)
= –2xy + 2y2 – 3x2 + 3xy
= –3x2 + xy + 2y2
3 (a) 4c – 6d + 8
= 2(2c – 3d + 4)
(b) 2a2 – 2a + b – ab
= 2a(a – 1) + b(1 – a)
= 2a(a – 1) – b(a – 1)
= (a – 1)(2a – b)
1
4 (a) L.H.S. = 6a(a – 2b)

= 6a2 – 12ab
R.H.S. = 6a2 – 12ab
∵ L.H.S = R.H.S.
∴ 6a(a – 2b) = 6a2 – 12ab is an identity.
(b) R.H.S. = (2x – 1)(y + 1)
= 2x(y + 1) – (y + 1)
= 2xy + 2x – y – 1
L.H.S. = 2xy – 2x + y – 1
∵ L.H.S ≠ R.H.S.
∴ 2xy – 2x + y – 1 = (2x – 1)(y + 1) is not an identity.
5 (a) 4a2 – 1
= (2a)2 – 12
= (2a + 1)(2a – 1)
(b) 9x2 – 12xy + 4y2
= (3x)2 – 2(3x)(2y) + (2y)2
= (3x – 2y)2
(c) m2 + 10mn + 25n2
= m2 + 2(m)(5n) + (5n)2
= (m + 5n)2
(d) 2x2 – 8y2
= 2(x2 – 4y2)
= 2[x2 – (2y)2]
= 2(x + 2y)(x – 2y)
2
6 (a) 25 – a2
= 52 – a2
= (5 + a)(5 – a)
(b) b2 – 100
= b2 – 102
= (b + 10)(b – 10)
(c) 1 – 16c2
= 1 – (4c)2
= (1 + 4c)(1 – 4c)
7 (a) 4b2 – 49
= (2b)2 – 72
= (2b + 7)(2b – 7)
(b) m2 – 9n2
= m2 – (3n)2
= (m + 3n)(m – 3n)
(c) 64r2 – 25s2
= (8r)2 – (5s)2
= (8r + 5s)(8r – 5s)
8 (a) a2 – 12a + 36
= a2 – 2(a)(6) + 62
= (a – 6)2
(b) b2 + 18b + 81
= b2 + 2(b)(9) + 92
= (b + 9)2
3
(c) c2 – 22c + 121
= c2 – 2(c)(11) + 112
= (c – 11)2
9 (a) 25a2 – 30a + 9
= (5a)2 – 2(5a)(3) + 32
= (5a – 3)2
(b) 4b2 – 20b + 25
= (2b)2 – 2(2b)(5) + 52
= (2b – 5)2
(c) 9c2 – 12c + 4
= (3c)2 – 2(3c)(2) + 22
= (3c – 2)2
10 (a) a2 – a – 2
= (a + 1)(a – 2)
(b) 2b2 + b – 1
= (2b – 1)(b + 1)
11 (a) 2c2 – 3c – 2
= (c – 2)(2c + 1)
(b) 3x2 + x – 2
= (3x – 2)(x + 1)
4
12 (a) 1 – 8a3
= 1 – (2a)3
= (1 – 2a)[1 + 2a + (2a)2]
= (1 – 2a)(1 + 2a + 4a2)
(b) b3 + 64
= b3 + 43
= (b + 4)(b2 – 4b + 16)
(c) 1 + (mn)3
= (1 + mn)[1 – mn + (mn)2]
= (1 + mn)(1 – mn + m2n2)
13 (a) –36a2 + b2
= b2 – (6a)2
= (b + 6a)(b – 6a)
(b) 4x2y2 – 49z2
= (2xy)2 – (7z)2
= (2xy + 7z)(2xy – 7z)
14 (a) (3 – m)2 – 144
= (3 – m)2 – 122
= (3 – m + 12)(3 – m – 12)
= (15 – m)(–9 – m)
(b) (x + 2y)2 – 9y2
= (x + 2y)2 – (3y)2
= (x + 2y + 3y)(x + 2y – 3y)
= (x + 5y)(x – y)
5
15 (a) 9a2 – 30ab + 25b2
= (3a)2 – 2(3a)(5b) + (5b)2
= (3a – 5b)2
(b) 16x2 + 56xy + 49y2
= (4x)2 + 2(4x)(7y) + (7y)2
= (4x + 7y)2
16 (a) 8m2 – 8mn + 2n2
= 2(4m2 – 4mn + n2)
= 2[(2m)2 – 2(2m)(n) + n2]
= 2(2m – n)2
(b) 3a2 + 12ab + 12b2
= 3(a2 + 4ab + 4b2)
= 3[a2 + 2(a)(2b) + (2b)2]
= 3(a + 2b)2
17 (a) 6a2 – a – 2
= (2a + 1)(3a – 2)
(b) 14b2 – 13b + 3
= (7b – 3)(2b – 1)
18 (a) 6a2 + 13ab – 5b2
= (3a – b)(2a + 5b)
(b) –4a2 – 10ab + 6b2
= –2(2a2 + 5ab – 3b2)
= –2(2a – b)(a + 3b)

6
19 (a) 8x3 – 125y3
= (2x)3 – (5y)3
= (2x – 5y)[(2x)2 + (2x)(5y) + (5y)2]
= (2x – 5y)(4x2 + 10xy + 25y2)
(b) m3n3 – 216p3
= (mn)3 – (6p)3
= (mn – 6p)[(mn)2 + (mn)(6p) + (6p)2]
= (mn – 6p)(m2n2 + 6mnp + 36p2)
20 (a) 16x3 + 2y3
= 2(8x3 + y3)
= 2[(2x)3 + y3]
= 2(2x + y)[(2x)2 – (2x)(y) + (y)2]
= 2(2x + y)(4x2 – 2xy + y2)
(b) 192a3 – 375b3
= 3(64a3 – 125b3)
= 3[(4a)3 – (5b)3]
= 3(4a – 5b)[(4a)2 + (4a)(5b) + (5b)2]
= 3(4a – 5b)(16a2 + 20ab + 25b2)
21 (a) (a – b)2 – (a + b)2
= (a – b + a + b)[a – b – (a + b)]
= (2a)(a – b – a – b)
= (2a)(–2b)
= –4ab
7
(b) (2x – y)2 – (x + 2y)2

= (2x – y + x + 2y)[2x – y – (x + 2y)]
= (3x + y)(2x – y – x – 2y)
= (3x + y)(x – 3y)
22 (a) 25m2 – 36n2 – 5m – 6n
= (5m)2 – (6n)2 – 5m – 6n
= (5m + 6n)(5m – 6n) – (5m + 6n)
= (5m + 6n)(5m – 6n – 1)
(b) 81a4 – 256
= (9a2)2 – (16)2
= (9a2 + 16)(9a2 – 16)
= (9a2 + 16)[(3a)2 – 42]
= (9a2 + 16)(3a + 4)(3a – 4)
23 (a) 50a2 – 20a2b2 + 2b2
= 2(25a2 – 10a2b2 + b2)
= 2[(5a)2 – 2(5a)(b) + b2]
= 2(5a – b)2
(b) 16(x + y)2 – 24x(x + y) + 9x2
= [4(x + y)]2 – 2[4(x + y)](3x) + (3x)2
= [4(x + y) – 3x]2
= (4x + 4y – 3x)2
= (x + 4y)2
8
24 (a) 16a2 – 16ab + 4b2

= 4(4a2 – 4ab + b2)
= 4[(2a)2 – 2(2a)(b) + b2]
= 4(2a – b)2
(b) 16a2 – 16ab + 4b2 – 25c2
= 4(2a – b)2 – 25c2
= [2(2a – b)]2 – (5c)2
= [2(2a – b) + 5c][2(2a – b) – 5c]
= (4a – 2b + 5c)(4a – 2b – 5c)
25 (a) 60a2 – 28ab – 8b2
= 4(15a2 – 7ab – 2b2)
= 4(3a – 2b)(5a + b)
(b) –42c2 + 68cd – 16d2
= 2(–21c2 + 34cd – 8d2)
= 2(7c – 2d)(4d – 3c)
26 (a) 9m2 – 6mn + n2
= (3m)2 – 2(3m)(n) + n2
= (3m – n)2
(b) 9m2 – 6mn + n2 + 6mp – 2np + p2
= (3m – n)2 + 2(3m – n)p + p2
= (3m – n + p)2
9
27 (a) (2x – y)3 – (x + y)3

= [2x – y – (x + y)][(2x – y)2 + (2x – y)(x + y) + (x + y)2]
= (2x – y – x – y)(4x2 – 4xy + y2 + 2x2 + 2xy – xy – y2 + x2 + 2xy + y2)
= (x – 2y)(7x2 – xy + y2)
(b) 512a3 – 8b3
= 8(64a3 – b3)
= 8[(4a)3 – b3]
= 8(4a – b)[(4a)2 + (4a)(b) + b2]
= 8(4a – b)(16a2 + 4ab + b2)
28 (a) 27m3 – 1
= (3m)3 – 1
= (3m – 1)[(3m)2 + (3m)(1) + 12]
= (3m – 1)(9m2 + 3m + 1)
(b) 27m3 + 9m – 4
= 27m3 – 1 + 9m – 3
= (3m – 1)(9m2 + 3m + 1) + 3(3m – 1)
= (3m – 1)(9m2 + 3m + 1 + 3)
= (3m – 1)(9m2 + 3m + 4)
10
29.
3x + 6 y − 12 z = 3( x) + 3(2 y ) − 3(4 z )
= 3( x + 2 y − 4 z )
30.
− 12 pqr − 15qr − 9 pq = −3q(4 pr ) − 3q(5r ) − 3q(3 p)
= − 3q(4 pr + 5r + 3 p)
31.
5ef 2 − 10de 2 − 10e 3 = 5e( f 2 ) + 5e(−2de) + 5e(−2e 2 )
= 5e( f 2 − 2de − 2e 2 )
32.
12 x 2 y + 18 xy 2 + 6 x 3 y 2 = 6 xy (2 x) + 6 xy (3 y ) + 6 xy ( x 2 y )
= 6 xy (2 x + 3 y + x 2 y )
33.
m(k − 3) + n(k − 3) = (m + n)(k − 3)
34.
− 1 + x − w(1 − x) = −(1 − x) − w(1 − x)
= (−1 − w)(1 − x)
= − (1 + w)(1 − x)
35.
(4k − 1)( x + y ) − (2k − 5)( y + x) = (4k − 1)( x + y ) − (2k − 5)( x + y )
= [(4k − 1) − (2k − 5)]( x + y )
= (4k − 1 − 2k + 5)( x + y )
= (2k + 4)( x + y )
= 2(k + 2)( x + y )
36.
7(m − n) 3 − 49(n − m) 2 = 7(m − n) 3 − 49[−(m − n)]2
= 7(m − n) 3 − 49(m − n) 2
= 7 ( m − n) 2 ( m − n − 7 )
11
37. (a) 2m − 6n = 2(m − 3n)
9n − 3m = 3(3n − m)
(b) 6m(2m − 6n) − 15n(9n − 3m) + m − 3n
= 6m[2(m − 3n)] − 15n[−3(m − 3n)] + m − 3n (from (a))
= 12m(m − 3n) + 45n(m − 3n) + (m − 3n)
= (m − 3n)(12m + 45n + 1)
38.
2 y 3 + 10 y 2 − 4 y − 20 = 2( y 3 + 5 y 2 − 2 y − 10)
= 2[ y 2 ( y + 5) − 2( y + 5)]
= 2( y + 5)( y 2 − 2)
39.
r 2 − 4rs + 12a 2 s − 3a 2 r = r (r − 4s ) + 3a 2 (4s − r )
= r (r − 4s ) − 3a 2 (r − 4s )
= (r − 4s )(r − 3a 2 )
40.
3a 2 − 10bd + 5ab − 6ad = 3a 2 − 6ad + 5ab − 10bd
= 3a (a − 2d ) + 5b(a − 2d )
= (a − 2d )(3a + 5b)
41.
a ( p − 2) 2 + 14b − 7bp = a (2 − p ) 2 + 7b(2 − p )
= (2 − p )[a (2 − p ) + 7b]
= (2 − p )(2a − ap + 7b)
42.
4ax 2 z − 12a 2 z + 8ax 2 y − 24a 2 y
= 4a ( x 2 z − 3az + 2 x 2 y − 6ay )
= 4a[ z ( x 2 − 3a ) + 2 y ( x 2 − 3a )]
= 4a ( x 2 − 3a )( z + 2 y )
12
43.
as + bs − cs + ct − bt − at
= as + bs − cs − at − bt + ct
= s(a + b − c) − t (a + b − c)
= (a + b − c)( s − t )
44.
mx − 2my − px + 2 py + 3mz − 3 pz
= mx − px − 2my + 2 py + 3mz − 3 pz
= x(m − p ) − 2 y (m − p ) + 3z (m − p)
= (m − p )( x − 2 y + 3 z )
45.
(3 p + q) 2 − 4 = (3 p + q ) 2 − 2 2
= [(3 p + q) + 2][(3 p + q) − 2]
= (3 p + q + 2)(3 p + q − 2)
46.
− 9(r + 1) 2 + 36r 2 = 9[4r 2 − (r + 1) 2 ]
= 9[(2r ) 2 − (r + 1) 2 ]
= 9[2r + (r + 1)][2r − (r + 1)]
= 9(3r + 1)(r − 1)
47.
a 2 + (2 + a ) 2 − (2 − a ) 2 = a 2 + [(2 + a ) 2 − (2 − a ) 2 ]
= a 2 + [(2 + a ) + (2 − a )][(2 + a ) − (2 − a )]
= a 2 + (4)(2a )
= a 2 + 8a
= a (a + 8)
48.
p 2 − q 2 + 5 p − 5q = ( p + q )( p − q ) + 5( p − q )
= ( p − q )( p + q + 5)
13
49.
64 x 2 − 8 x − 25 y 2 − 5 y = 64 x 2 − 25 y 2 − 8 x − 5 y
= (8 x) 2 − (5 y ) 2 − 8 x − 5 y
= (8 x + 5 y )(8 x − 5 y ) − (8 x + 5 y )
= (8 x + 5 y )(8 x − 5 y − 1)
50.
1 − 16 x 4 = 12 − (4 x 2 ) 2
= (1 + 4 x 2 )(1 − 4 x 2 )
= (1 + 4 x 2 )[12 − (2 x) 2 ]
= (1 + 4 x 2 )(1 + 2 x)(1 − 2 x)
51.
32a 2 − b 2 − 2a 2 b 2 + 16 = 32a 2 + 16 − 2a 2 b 2 − b 2
= 16(2a 2 + 1) − b 2 (2a 2 + 1)
= (16 − b 2 )(2a 2 + 1)
= (4 2 − b 2 )(2a 2 + 1)
= (4 + b)(4 − b)(2a 2 + 1)
52.
(a) y 3 − yx 2 = y ( y 2 − x 2 )
= y ( y + x)( y − x)
x 3 + x 2 y = x 2 ( x + y)
(b) x 3 + y 3 = x 3 + yx 2 − yx 2 + y 3
= x 2 ( x + y ) + y ( y + x)( y − x) (from (a))
= ( x + y )[ x 2 + y ( y − x)]
= ( x + y )( x 2 + y 2 − xy )
53.
27bx 2 + 18bxy + 3by 2 = 3b(9 x 2 + 6 xy + y 2 )
= 3b[(3x) 2 + 2(3x)( y ) + y 2 ]
= 3b(3x + y ) 2
14
54.
− r 5 − 18r 3 − 81r = − r (r 4 + 18r 2 + 81)
= − r[(r 2 ) 2 + 2(r 2 )(9) + 92 ]
= − r ( r 2 + 9) 2
55.
( y − 2) 2 − 24( y − 2) + 144
= ( y − 2) 2 − 2( y − 2)(12) + 12 2
= [( y − 2) − 12]2
= ( y − 14) 2
56.
36( x − y ) 2 + 12 z ( x − y ) + z 2
= [6( x − y )]2 + 2[6( x − y )]z + z 2
= [6( x − y ) + z ]2
= (6 x − 6 y + z ) 2
57.
x 2 + 10 x + 25 − 4 y 2 = [ x 2 + 2( x)(5) + 52 ] − (2 y ) 2
= ( x + 5) 2 − (2 y ) 2
= ( x + 5 + 2 y )( x + 5 − 2 y )
58.
4 x 2 − 20 xy + 25 y 2 + 10 y − 4 x
= (4 x 2 − 20 xy + 25 y 2 ) − 2(2 x − 5 y )
= [(2 x) 2 − 2(2 x)(5 y ) + (5 y ) 2 ] − 2(2 x − 5 y )
= ( 2 x − 5 y ) 2 − 2( 2 x − 5 y )
= (2 x − 5 y )(2 x − 5 y − 2)
15
59.
(a) 4a 2 − 28ab + 49b 2 = (2a ) 2 − 2(2a )(7b) + (7b) 2
= ( 2 a − 7b ) 2
(b) Let a = x – 1 and b = y + 5.
4( x − 1) 2 − 28( x − 1)( y + 5) + 49( y + 5) 2
= 4a 2 − 28ab + 49b 2
= ( 2 a − 7b ) 2 (from (a))
= [2( x − 1) − 7( y + 5)] 2
= (2 x − 2 − 7 y − 35) 2
= (2 x − 7 y − 37) 2
60.
(a) 5 x 2 + 20 x + 20 = 5( x 2 + 4 x + 4)
= 5[ x 2 + 2( x)(2) + 2 2 ]
= 5( x + 2) 2
2 2
(b) 5 x + 20 x − 25 = 5 x + 20 x + 20 − 45
= 5( x + 2) 2 − 45 (from (a))
2
= 5[( x + 2) − 9]
= 5[( x + 2) 2 − 3 2 ]
= 5( x + 2 + 3)( x + 2 − 3)
= 5( x + 5)( x − 1)
16

2 Evaluasi Diri Sekolah

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2 Evaluasi Diri Sekolah

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Book 2A: Chapter 2, 4 – Identities and Factorization, More about Factorization and Polynomials (solution)

1 (a) (2a – b) + (3a + 2b) – (4a – 3b)

(b) (3c + 2d) – (d – 2c) + (3d + 2c)

2 (a) (3x – y)(x + 2y)

= 3x(x + 2y) – y(x + 2y)

= 3x2 + 6xy – xy – 2y2

= 3x2 + 5xy – 2y2

(b) (2y + 3x)(–x + y)

= –2xy + 2y2 – 3x2 + 3xy

4 (a) L.H.S. = 6a(a – 2b)

R.H.S. = 6a2 – 12ab

∴ 6a(a – 2b) = 6a2 – 12ab is an identity.

(b) R.H.S. = (2x – 1)(y + 1)

∴ 2xy – 2x + y – 1 = (2x – 1)(y + 1) is not an identity.

(b) 9x2 – 12xy + 4y2

= (3x)2 – 2(3x)(2y) + (2y)2

(c) m2 + 10mn + 25n2

(d) 2x2 – 8y2

= 2(x + 2y)(x – 2y)

(c) 64r2 – 25s2

= (8r + 5s)(8r – 5s)

(c) c2 – 22c + 121

9 (a) 25a2 – 30a + 9

(b) 4b2 – 20b + 25

(c) 9c2 – 12c + 4

(b) 4x2y2 – 49z2

= (2xy + 7z)(2xy – 7z)

14 (a) (3 – m)2 – 144

(b) (x + 2y)2 – 9y2

15 (a) 9a2 – 30ab + 25b2

= (3a)2 – 2(3a)(5b) + (5b)2

(b) 16x2 + 56xy + 49y2

= (4x)2 + 2(4x)(7y) + (7y)2

16 (a) 8m2 – 8mn + 2n2

= 2(4m2 – 4mn + n2)

= 2[(2m)2 – 2(2m)(n) + n2]

(b) 3a2 + 12ab + 12b2

= 3(a2 + 4ab + 4b2)

= 3[a2 + 2(a)(2b) + (2b)2]

(b) 14b2 – 13b + 3

18 (a) 6a2 + 13ab – 5b2

= (3a – b)(2a + 5b)

(b) –4a2 – 10ab + 6b2

= –2(2a2 + 5ab – 3b2)

= –2(2a – b)(a + 3b)

19 (a) 8x3 – 125y3

= (2x – 5y)[(2x)2 + (2x)(5y) + (5y)2]

= (2x – 5y)(4x2 + 10xy + 25y2)

(b) m3n3 – 216p3

= (mn – 6p)[(mn)2 + (mn)(6p) + (6p)2]

= (mn – 6p)(m2n2 + 6mnp + 36p2)

20 (a) 16x3 + 2y3

= 2(2x + y)[(2x)2 – (2x)(y) + (y)2]

= 2(2x + y)(4x2 – 2xy + y2)

(b) 192a3 – 375b3

= 3(4a – 5b)[(4a)2 + (4a)(5b) + (5b)2]

= 3(4a – 5b)(16a2 + 20ab + 25b2)

21 (a) (a – b)2 – (a + b)2

(b) (2x – y)2 – (x + 2y)2

= (3x + y)(2x – y – x – 2y)

= (3x + y)(x – 3y)

22 (a) 25m2 – 36n2 – 5m – 6n

= (5m + 6n)(5m – 6n) – (5m + 6n)

(b) 81a4 – 256