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Introduction.
A high-pass filter (HPF) is an electronic filter that passes signals with a frequency higher than a certain cut
off frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the cut off frequency. The amount of
attenuation for each frequency depends on the filter design.
A very common application of this type of passive filter, is in audio amplifiers as a coupling capacitor
between two audio amplifier stages and in speaker systems to direct the higher frequency signals to the
smaller “tweeter” type speakers while blocking the lower bass signals or are also used as filters to reduce
any low frequency noise or “rumble” type distortion.
Figure 1: A schematic showing the high pass filter with input and output ports terminated
Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of the high pass filter
Simulation Results
In the filter design guide window, the following settings were made:
Simulation frequency sweep
Start: 0Hz
Stop: 2GHz
Step: 20MHz
Number of points: 101
Marker M2
1.00 GHz -63.69 -1.86E-6 0.35
-200
S21 PB Edge: Actual Passband Corner F: Frequency
Spec SB Edge: Actual Stopband Edge Fp: Passband Edge
Dev: Deviation in Passband Fs: Stopband Edge
-250 1/2: Input/Output Ports Ap: Atten at PB Edge or Ripple
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Spec: Frequency Specification As: Atten at SB Edge
f req, GHz
Magnified A->B
Passband Fp->
4.0E-9 0.000000 0
M2
3.5E-9 -0.000002
S21 (ILoss)
S21 (ILoss)
-1
3.0E-9 -0.000004
Delay (seconds)
-2
2.5E-9 -0.000006
2.0E-9 -0.000008 -3
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
1.5E-9
180 0
1.0E-9
S21 (Phase)
90 -100
S21 (Phase)
5.0E-10
0 -200
0.0
-90 -300
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
A high pass filter is the exact opposite to the low pass filter. This filter has no output voltage from DC
(0Hz), up to a specified cut-off frequency also called the pass frequency( ƒp ) point. This lower cut-off
frequency point is 70.7% or -3dB (dB = -20log Vout/Vin) of the voltage gain allowed to pass.
The frequency range “below” this cut-off point ƒc is generally known as the Stop Band while the frequency
range “above” this cut-off point is generally known as the Pass Band.
From the equivalent circuit, it is observed that, at low frequencies, there will be no voltage sensed at the
output since the capacitor will have a very larger impedance closer to an open circuit while the inductor will
have a very low impedance. At frequencies above the pass frequency, the capacitor’s impedance become
low, while the inductor’s impedance increases. This allows voltage to be sensed at the output