AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based On PLVA (RAN19.1 - 01)

WCDMA RAN
AMR Voice Quality Improvement

Based on PLVA Feature Parameter
Description
Issue 01
Date 2017-03-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
WCDMA RAN
AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA Feature
Parameter Description Contents
Contents
1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Scope.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Intended Audience.......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Change History............................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Differences Between Base Station Types....................................................................................................................... 2
2 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Technical Description...................................................................................................................5
3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding........................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm....................................................................................................6
3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA....................................................................................................................... 7
4 Related Features.............................................................................................................................9
5 Network Impact........................................................................................................................... 10
6 Engineering Guidelines............................................................................................................. 11
6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA............................................................................... 11
6.2 Planning........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
6.2.1 RF Planning............................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2.2 Network Planning...................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.2.3 Hardware Planning.................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.3 Deployment...................................................................................................................................................................11
6.3.1 Requirements............................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.3.2 Data Preparation........................................................................................................................................................ 13
6.3.3 Activation.................................................................................................................................................................. 13
6.3.3.1 Using MML Commands......................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.3.2 MML Command Examples.................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.3.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.3.4 Activation Observation..............................................................................................................................................14
6.3.5 Deactivation...............................................................................................................................................................14
6.3.5.1 Using MML Commands......................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3.5.2 MML Command Examples.................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3.5.3 Using the CME....................................................................................................................................................... 14
6.4 Performance Monitoring...............................................................................................................................................15
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Parameter Description Contents
6.5 Parameter Optimization................................................................................................................................................ 16

6.6 Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................ 16
7 Parameters..................................................................................................................................... 17
8 Counters........................................................................................................................................ 18
9 Glossary......................................................................................................................................... 19
10 Reference Documents............................................................................................................... 20
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Parameter Description 1 About This Document
1 About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA,
including its technical principles, related features, network impact, and engineering
guidelines. AMR stands for Adaptive Multirate, and PLVA stands for Parallel List Viterbi
Algorithm.
This document applies to the following types of NEs.
NE Type NE Model
RNC BSC6900 and BSC6910
NodeB Macro 3900 series macro base stations: BTS3900, BTS3900A,

BTS3900L, BTS3900AL, DBS3900, BTS3900C
5900 series macro base stations: BTS5900, BTS5900A,

BTS5900L, BTS5900AL, DBS5900
Micro BTS3911E
LampSite DBS3900 LampSite, DBS5900 LampSite
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l Need to understand the features described herein
l Work with Huawei products
Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

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1.3 Change History

This section provides information about the changes in different document versions. There are
two types of changes:
l Feature change
Changes in features and parameters of a specified version
l Editorial change
Changes in wording or addition of information and any related parameters affected by
editorial changes
RAN19.1 01 (2017-03-20)
This issue does not include any changes.
RAN19.1 Draft A (2016-12-30)

Compared with Issue 01 (2016-02-29) of RAN18.1, Draft A (2016-12-30) of RAN19.1
includes the following changes.
Change Type Change Description Parameter Change
Feature change Added a parameter for Added the

specifying whether to AMRIMPBASEDONPL-
activate WRFD-140201 VASW parameter.
AMR Voice Quality
Improvement Based on
PLVA. For details, see the
following sections:
l 3.3 AMR Speech
Decoding Using the
PLVA
l 6.3 Deployment
Editorial change None None
1.4 Differences Between Base Station Types

Feature Support by Macro, Micro, and LampSite Base Stations
Feature Descripti Supported by Base Supporte Supporte Supporte
ID on Station Controller d by d by d by
Macro Micro LampSite
BSC6900 BSC6910 Base Base Base
Station Station Station

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WRFD-14 AMR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

0201 Voice
Quality
Improvem
ent Based
on PLVA
The feature described in this document is implemented in the same way on macro, micro, and
LampSite base stations.

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Parameter Description 2 Overview
2 Overview
AMR audio codec is a patented speech coding scheme adopted by the 3GPP as the standard
codec for UMTS. Channel encoding for AMR voice services uses convolutional codes. The
Viterbi algorithm is used by most vendors and in previous Huawei products. In RAN14.0,
Huawei introduces the AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA feature as an
improvement to the Viterbi algorithm method of decoding to decode convolutional codes.
Because both voice and signaling use convolutional codes for channel encoding, the PLVA
algorithm can improve the voice service quality and user experience without affecting power
control or system capacity. This feature introduces more robustness to voice services in weak
coverage scenarios, and improves the uplink coverage for signaling on the DCH.
The AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA feature does not depend on other
features and can be used in conjunction with other features.

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Parameter Description 3 Technical Description
3 Technical Description
3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding

AMR is a speech coding standard widely used in the GSM and UMTS communications
systems. At the UMTS physical layer, convolutional codes are used to perform channel
encoding for AMR voice services, whereas power control is used to ensure AMR voice
quality. Figure 3-1 shows channel encoding and power control for UMTS AMR voice
services in the uplink.
Figure 3-1 Channel encoding and power control for UMTS AMR voice services in the uplink
As shown in Figure 3-1, the UE uses convolutional codes to encode AMR voice data and
sends the encoded data to the NodeB. The NodeB decodes the received data and performs a
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the decoded data. The NodeB then sends the decoded data
and a CRC indicator (CRCI) to the RNC. The RNC calculates the block error rate (BLER) for
outer loop power control (OLPC) based on all the CRCIs received. The RNC then sends the
decoded data and CRCI to the core network (CN) for AMR voice data decoding (source
decoding).

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NOTE
The RNC calculates the BLER for OLPC based on the ratio of CRCIs indicating CRC failures to all
CRCIs.
AMR voice services include narrowband and wideband AMR voice services. There are three
classes of narrowband AMR voice services: A, B, and C. There are two classes of wideband
AMR voice services: A and B. The Viterbi algorithm and PLVA apply to both narrowband
and wideband AMR voice services. The following description is based on narrowband AMR
voice services. Of the three classes of narrowband AMR voice services, class A is of high
importance and includes a 12-bit number used for CRC. The other classes are of low
importance and CRC is not performed on them. Figure 3-2 shows the separate channel
encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services.
Figure 3-2 Channel encoding for classes A, B, and C of narrowband AMR services
3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm

The Viterbi algorithm is adopted by most vendors in the existing UMTS system to decode
convolutional codes. Figure 3-3 shows the working mechanism of the Viterbi algorithm.
Figure 3-3 Working mechanism of the Viterbi algorithm
The Viterbi algorithm selects the optimal path based on the maximum likelihood theory and
exports the data decoded on the optimal path. If the data decoded on the optimal path fails the
CRC, the AMR speech codec discards the data. As a result, voice quality deteriorates.
Figure 3-4 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm.

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Figure 3-4 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the Viterbi algorithm
As shown in Figure 3-4, the three AMR voice classes are separately decoded by the Viterbi
decoder, and the CRC is performed only on the decoded data of class A. The Viterbi CRCI is
used as a reference for OLPC and is also sent as a bad frame indication (BFI) to the AMR
speech codec on the CN. If a BFI indicates that a speech frame is erroneous, the AMR speech
codec on the CN discards the speech frame to prevent noise.
3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA

AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA is enabled by setting the NodeB parameter
AMRIMPBASEDONPLVASW to ON.
Huawei PLVA is an enhanced CRC-assisted Viterbi algorithm. Figure 3-5 shows the working
mechanism of the PLVA.
Figure 3-5 Working mechanism of the PLVA
Instead of selecting only the most optimal path, the PLVA selects the top N (N is 4 in this
document) optimal paths and performs CRC on the data decoded on these paths. The PLVA
only exports data that passes the CRC. If the data decoded on these paths fails the CRC, the
PLVA exports the data decoded on the most optimal path, which is the same path selected by
the Viterbi algorithm. The PLVA outperforms the Viterbi algorithm because it chooses the

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data decoded on multiple paths, which include the optimal one selected by the Viterbi
algorithm. Therefore, when the data decoded by the Viterbi algorithm is correct, the data
decoded by the PLVA is also correct. However, when the data decoded by the PLVA is
correct, the data decoded by the Viterbi algorithm is not necessarily correct because there are
occasions when the data decoded on the optimal path is incorrect whereas the data decoded on
other paths selected by the PLVA is correct. In simulations where the PLVA selects four paths,
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 0.2 to 0.8 dB greater than that produced by the Viterbi
algorithm.
Figure 3-6 shows the narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA.
Figure 3-6 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA
As shown in Figure 3-6, CRC is performed on the AMR voice data of class A and the data
can be decoded using the PLVA. The mean opinion score (MOS) of class A AMR voice data
is improved by reducing the BLER. CRC is not performed on classes B and C AMR voice
data which can only be decoded by using the Viterbi algorithm. The PLVA exports and sends
the decoded data, Viterbi CRCI, and PLVA CRCI to the RNC. The Viterbi CRCI is used for
OLPC. The PLVA CRCI serves as the BFI, indicating whether a speech frame is erroneous.
This dual-CRCI mechanism does not affect power control. In addition, the performance of the
AMR voice data of class A is improved, maximizing the speech quality. This feature
decreases the uplink BLER and improves the MOS of AMR voice service by using PLVA.
Further, it has no impact on the downlink.

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Parameter Description 4 Related Features
4 Related Features
Prerequisite Features
None
Mutually Exclusive Features

None
Impacted Features
None

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Parameter Description 5 Network Impact
5 Network Impact
System Capacity
No impact.
Network Performance
This feature increases MOSs of AMR voice services, especially in areas with poor coverage,
and improves the uplink coverage for signaling on the DCH.

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Parameter Description 6 Engineering Guidelines
6 Engineering Guidelines
6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based

on PLVA
This feature can improve the AMR voice quality in the uplink, so it can be applied in any
scenario that meets the deployment requirements. For details about deployment requirements,
see section 6.3.1 Requirements.
6.2 Planning
6.2.1 RF Planning
N/A
6.2.2 Network Planning

N/A
6.2.3 Hardware Planning

This feature sets the following requirements on NodeB hardware:
Macro base stations must be configured with the WBBPd, WBBPf or UBBP board.
NOTE
When baseband processing units of different types are used together, AMR services cannot benefit from
the PLVA if the AMR services are set up on other types of baseband processing units.
6.3 Deployment

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6.3.1 Requirements
l Operating environment
– The uplink resource group of the cell must have a baseband processing unit that
supports this feature. To check whether such a baseband processing unit is
configured, perform the following operations:
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST ULOCELL command to check for UL
Baseband Equipment ID to obtain the uplink resource group of the cell.
For the V200R015 NodeB, run the LST BASEBANDEQM command to check for
Baseband Equipment ID, Cabinet No., Subrack No., and Slot No. to obtain the
information about the target baseband processing unit.
l Hardware
Macro base stations must be configured with the WBBPd, WBBPf or UBBP board.
NOTE
When baseband processing units of different types are used together, AMR services cannot benefit
from the PLVA if the AMR services are set up on other types of baseband processing units.
l Other features
None
l License
For details about how to activate the license, see License Management Feature
Parameter Description.
Feature Feature License License License NE License Sal
ID Name Control Control Control Allocati es
Item ID Item Item on for Un
Name Name Multipl it
on e
U2000 Operat
GUI ors
WRFD- AMR LQW9A AMR AMR NodeB Method Per

140201 Voice VQIBP0 Voice Voice 2 Cell
Quality 1 Quality Quality
Improve Improve Improve
ment ment ment
Based on Based on Based on
PLVA PLVA PLVA
(Per (Per
Cell) Cell)
If RAN Sharing is enabled, the licensed resource is allocated among the primary and
secondary operators according to the method listed in the License Allocation for
Multiple Operators column.
Method 2: Some license control items, for example, UL CE Num, can be allocated to
both the common group and private groups. In this case, the licensed value specified by
the private group is preferentially used, and the licensed value allocated to the common
group is used on a first-come, first-served basis. For NodeB license allocation in multi-
operator scenarios, see License Management Feature Parameter Description.

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l Other NEs
None
6.3.2 Data Preparation

Parameter Parameter ID Setting Notes Data Source Remarks
Name
AMR Voice AMRIMPBASE To activate this Engineering NE: NodeB

Quality DONPLVASW feature, set this design MO:
Improve parameter to ON. ULOCELLAL
Based on GPARA
PLVA
Switch Batch
modification on
the CME is
supported.
6.3.3 Activation
6.3.3.1 Using MML Commands

Run the NodeB MML command SET ULOCELLALGPARA with AMR Voice Quality
Improve Based on PLVA Switch set to ON to activate AMR Voice Quality Improvement
Based on PLVA.
6.3.3.2 MML Command Examples

//On the NodeB
//Activating AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA
SET ULOCELLALGPARA: ULOCELLID=123, AMRIMPBASEDONPLVASW=ON;
6.3.3.3 Using the CME

Based on the parameter configurations involved in 6.3.2 Data Preparation, perform the
following operations to activate this feature:
NOTE
When configuring the feature on the CME, perform a single configuration first, and then perform a batch
modification if required.
Configure the parameters of a single object before a batch modification. Perform a batch modification
before logging out of the parameter setting interface.
Step 1 Configure a single object (such as a cell) on the CME.
Set parameters listed in the table in "Data Preparation" section from top to bottom on the
CME. For instructions on how to perform the CME single configuration, see CME Single
Configuration Operation Guide.
Step 2 (Optional) Modify objects in batches on the CME. (CME batch modification center)

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To modify objects in batches, click on the CME to start the batch modification wizard.
For instructions on how to perform a batch modification through the CME batch modification
center, press F1 while running the wizard to obtain online help.
To check whether a parameter supports batch modification, see the Remarks column in the
table in "Data Preparation" section.
----End
6.3.4 Activation Observation

After activating this feature, you can use the NodeB counter VS.PLVA.User to observe the
existence and number of PLVA UEs. If the value of this counter is not zero, this feature has
taken effect.
You can use the following function on the U2000 to initiate measurement of counters
associated with this feature in one-click mode: Quickly Setting Performance Measurement by
Feature. For details, see "Quickly Setting Performance Measurement by Feature" in iManager
U2000 MBB Network Management System Product Documentation.
6.3.5 Deactivation
The following table provides the parameter used to deactivate this feature.
Parameter Parameter ID Setting Notes Remarks
Name
AMR Voice AMRIMPBASEDON To deactivate this NE: NodeB

Quality Improve PLVASW feature, set this MO:
Based on PLVA parameter to OFF. ULOCELLALGPA
Switch RA
Batch modification
on the CME is
supported.
Feature deactivation can be performed using the CME or MML commands.
6.3.5.1 Using MML Commands

Run the NodeB MML command SET ULOCELLALGPARA with AMR Voice Quality
Improve Based on PLVA Switch set to OFF to deactivate AMR Voice Quality Improvement
Based on PLVA.
6.3.5.2 MML Command Examples

//On the NodeB
//Deactivating AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA
SET ULOCELLALGPARA: ULOCELLID=123, AMRIMPBASEDONPLVASW=OFF;
6.3.5.3 Using the CME

The method of feature deactivation using the CME is the same as that of feature activation
using the CME. For detailed operations, see 6.3.3.3 Using the CME.

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6.4 Performance Monitoring

The gain produced by this feature is reflected by a noticeable increase in the MOS. Take 12.2
kbit/s AMR voice services as an example. In the uplink simulations, if the BLER is 1%, the
MOS is increased by 0.08; if the BLER is greater than 10%, the MOS is increased by 0.35.
The BLER increase is generally caused by UE power limitation, fast channel change, or
strong interference. In addition, the MOS increase is generally the same under different
channel fading conditions.
Figure 6-1 describes the MOS comparison for AMR 12.2 kbit/s voice (simulation result in the
uplink).
Figure 6-1 MOS comparison for AMR 12.2 kbit/s voice (simulation result in the uplink)
The MOS gain produced by this feature needs to be tested using the MOS test instrument.
End-to-end MOS tests can be performed for this feature. It is recommended that only the
uplink MOS be tested because this feature provides uplink gains.
Fixed-point test in the lab and drive test are available, which are described as follows:
l Fixed-point test in the lab
To conduct a fixed-point test in the lab, perform the following steps:
a. Deactivate this feature and calculate the MOS.
b. Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the
same way.
The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated
in step 1. The MOS gain is about 0.2 in laboratory cell-edge tests.
l Drive test
To conduct a drive test in the lab, perform the following steps:
a. Determine a test route, deactivate this feature, and calculate the MOS.
b. Under the same conditions, reactivate this feature and calculate the MOS in the
same route.

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The MOS gain is obtained by the average value calculated in step 2 minus that calculated
in step 1. The MOS gain is over 0.1.
NOTE
In a drive test, the BLER fluctuates significantly. Therefore, the MOS gain obtained in a drive test is
different from that obtained in a fixed-point test in the lab.
6.5 Parameter Optimization

N/A
6.6 Troubleshooting
The alarm cause "AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA not supported by the
cell" is added for ALM-28206 Local Cell Capability Decline.

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Parameter Description 7 Parameters
7 Parameters
Table 7-1 Parameters

Parame NE MML Feature Feature Description
ter ID Comma ID Name
nd
AMRIM BTS390 SET WRFD- AMR Meaning: Indicates the switch for AMR Voice Quality
PBASE 0, ULOCE 140201 Voice Improvement Based on PLVA in a cell. When this
DONPL BTS390 LLALG Quality switch is turned on, the cell supports the AMR Voice
VASW 0 PARA Improve Quality Improvement Based on PLVA function. When
WCDM LST ment this switch is turned off, the cell does not support the
A, ULOCE Based AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA
BTS590 LLALG on function.
0, PARA PLVA GUI Value Range: OFF(OFF), ON(ON)
BTS590
0 Unit: None
WCDM Actual Value Range: OFF, ON
A Default Value: OFF(OFF)

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Parameter Description 8 Counters
8 Counters
Table 8-1 Counters

Counter ID Counter Counter NE Feature ID Feature Name
Name Description
50332258 VS.PLVA.User Numbers of NodeB Multi-mode: AMR Voice

plva user in one None Quality
cell GSM: None Improvement
Based on PLVA
UMTS:
WRFD-140201
LTE: None

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Parameter Description 9 Glossary
9 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see Glossary.

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Parameter Description 10 Reference Documents
10 Reference Documents
1. 3GPP TS 25.101, "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD)"
2. 3GPP TS 25.212, "Channel Coding and Multiplexing"
3. 3GPP TS 26.090, "AMR Speech Codec; Speech transcoding," December 2009
4. License Management Feature Parameter Description


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AMR Voice Quality Improvement

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

1 About This Document.................................................................................................................. 1

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

6.5 Parameter Optimization................................................................................................................................................ 16

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

1 About This Document

This document applies to the following types of NEs.

RNC BSC6900 and BSC6910

NodeB Macro 3900 series macro base stations: BTS3900, BTS3900A,

5900 series macro base stations: BTS5900, BTS5900A,

LampSite DBS3900 LampSite, DBS5900 LampSite

1.2 Intended Audience

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1.3 Change History

RAN19.1 Draft A (2016-12-30)

Change Type Change Description Parameter Change

Feature change Added a parameter for Added the

Editorial change None None

1.4 Differences Between Base Station Types

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

WRFD-14 AMR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

3.1 AMR Speech Encoding and Decoding

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3.2 AMR Speech Decoding Using the Viterbi Algorithm

Figure 3-3 Working mechanism of the Viterbi algorithm

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3.3 AMR Speech Decoding Using the PLVA

Figure 3-5 Working mechanism of the PLVA

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Figure 3-6 Narrowband AMR speech decoding using the PLVA

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Mutually Exclusive Features

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10

6.1 When to Use AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based

6.2.2 Network Planning

6.2.3 Hardware Planning

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WRFD- AMR LQW9A AMR AMR NodeB Method Per

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6.3.2 Data Preparation

AMR Voice AMRIMPBASE To activate this Engineering NE: NodeB

6.3.3.1 Using MML Commands

6.3.3.2 MML Command Examples

6.3.3.3 Using the CME

Step 1 Configure a single object (such as a cell) on the CME.

Issue 01 (2017-03-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 13

6.3.4 Activation Observation

AMR Voice AMRIMPBASEDON To deactivate this NE: NodeB

Feature deactivation can be performed using the CME or MML commands.

6.3.5.1 Using MML Commands

6.3.5.2 MML Command Examples

6.3.5.3 Using the CME

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6.4 Performance Monitoring

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