CHAPTER I

1.0 PLANT LOAD CALCULATION

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Design of a 10.832 MW, 2708kW x 4 units of diesel power
plant on the daily load demand of town 5.

DAILY LOAD DEMAND

TIME, hr LOAD TIME, hr LOAD

12MN 4500 1:00 PM 6100
1:00 AM 3600 2:00 PM 5000
2:00 AM 3000 3:00 PM 6000
2:30 AM 3500 4:00 PM 7000
3:00 AM 3500 5:00 PM 7500
4:00 AM 4000 6:00 PM 8000
5:00 AM 4100 6:30 PM 8750
6:00 AM 4500 7:00 PM 8750
7:00 AM 5000 8:00 PM 9100
7:30 AM 5200 9:00 PM 9000
8:00 AM 5200 10:00 PM 7000
9:00 AM 6100 11:00 PM 5000
10:00 AM 6500 12 MN 4750
11:00 AM 7000
12 NN 7200

Generator Set used:

MAK M25C
2708 Kw each, 60 Hz,720 rpm
Installed Capacity: 2,708 kW x 4 units = 10,832 kW

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 1

1.2 DAILY ENERGY PRODUCED
The daily energy produced is equal to the area under the curve
and is computed using the formula for area of trapezoid, rectangle
and triangle for this instance.

1
AT = (a+b)(h)
2

Thus, Daily kW – hrs Energy =  Areas under the curve

Daily Energy Produced

4,500  3,600 kW 1hr  4,500  5,000kW 1 hr 

A1  A8 
2 2
A  4,050 kW  hr A  4,750 kW  hr
1 8

3,600  3,000 kW 1 hr  5,000  5,200 kW 0.5hr 

A2  A9 
2 2
A  3,300 kW  hr A  2,550 .0kW  hr
2 9

3,000  3,500 kW 0.5hr  5,200  5,200 kW 0.5 hr 

A3  A10 
2 2
A  1,625 kW  hr A  2,600 kW  hr
3 10

3,500  3,500 kW 0.5hr  5,200  6,100 kW 1 hr 

A4  A11 
2 2
A  1,750 kW  hr A  5,650 kW  hr
4 11

3,500  4,000 kW 1 hr  6,100  6,500 kW 1 hr 

A5  A12 
2 2
A  3,750 kW  hr A  6 300 kW  hr
5 12

4,000  4,100 kW 1 hr  6,500  7,000 kW 1 hr 

A6  A13 
2 2
A  4,050 kW  hr A13  6,750 kW  hr
6

4,100  4,500 kW 1 hr  7,000  7,200 kW 1 hr 

A7  A14 
2 2
A  4,300 kW  hr A  7,100 kW  hr
7 14

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 2

 7,200  6,100 kW 1 hr  9,000  7,000 kW 1 hr 
A15  A 25 
2 2
A  6,650 kW  hr A  8,000 kW  hr
15 25

6,100 5,000 kW 1 hr  7,000  5,000 kW 1 hr 

A16  A 26 
2 2
A  5,550 kW  hr A 26  6,000 kW  hr
16

5,000  6,000 kW 1 hr  5,000  4,7500 kW 1 hr 

A17  A 27 
2 2
A  5,500 kW  hr A 27  4,875 kW  hr
17

6,000  7,000 kW 1 hr 

A18 
2
A  6,500 kW  hr
18

7,000  7,500 kW 1 hr 

A19 
2
A  7, 250 kW  hr
19

7,500  8,000 kW 1 hr 

A 20 
2
A  7,750 kW  hr
20

8,000  8,750 kW 0.5hr 

A 21 
2
A  4,187 .50 kW  hr
21

8,750  8,750 kW 0.5hr 

A 22 
2
A  4,375 kW  hr
22

8,750  9,100 kW 1 hr 

A 23 
2
A  8,925 kW  hr
23

9,100  9,000 kW 1 hr 

A 24 
2
A  9,050 kW  hr
24

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 3

 For daily energy produced, AT = A1 + A2 + A3 ... + An

= 143,137.50 kW- hr

1.2 PLANT FACTOR CALCULATION

Design and Operating Conditions:
Engine Manufacturer MAK
Engine Model 9M25C Diesel engine
Generator Rating 2708 kW

1.3 Installed Capacity, IC

IC  Diesel Genset Rating Number of Units Installed 
IC  2,708 kW unit 4 units 
IC  10,832 kW

1.4 Reserve Over Peak Load, ROPL

ROPL  Installed Capacity  Peak LOad
ROPL  10,832  9,100 kW
ROPL  1,732 kW

1.5 Average Load, AL

Daily Energy Produced
AL 
Hours in Operation
143,137.50 kW  hr
AL 
24 hr
AL  5964.06 kW

1.6 Load Factor, LF

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 4

 Average Load
LF  x 100%
Peak Load
5964.06kW
LF  x 100%
9,100 kW
LF  65.54%

1.7 Plant Capacity Factor, PCF

Daily Energy Produced
PCF  x 100%
Plant Capacity Hours in Operation 
143,137.50 kW  hr
PCF  x 100%
10,832 kW 24 hr 
PCF  55.06%

1.8 Use Factor of each Unit, UFU

DAILY ENERGY PRODUCED
The daily energy produced is equal to the area under the curve
and is computed using the formula for area of trapezoid, rectangle
and triangle for this instance.

1 1
AT = (a+b)(h) AR =(b)(h) ATria = (b)(h)
2 2

1.8.1 1Use Factor of Unit # 1, UFU #1

Unit #1 daily energy produced
UFU#1=
Unit #1 capacity x Unit #1 hrs. of operation
Unit #1 daily energy produced=(b)(h)
Unit #1 daily energy produced=(24hr)(2708kw)
Unit #1 daily energy produced=64992kW-hr

Unit #1 daily energy produced

UFU#1=
Unit #1 capacity x Unit #1 hrs. of operation
Where: no. of hours of operation of unit #1 = 24 hours

64,992kW-hr
UFU#1=
2708kw-hr x 24 hrs
UFU#1= 100%

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 5

Use Factor of Unit # 2, UFU # 2
Unit #2 daily energy produced
UFU#2=
Unit #2 capacity x Unit #2 hrs. of operation
1.8.2 For Unit #2 daily energy produced:
1
A1 = (4,500 − 3,600) + [1 × (3,600 − 2,708)] kw − hr
2
A1 =1,342 kw − hr
1
A2 = (3,600 − 3,000) + (3000 − 2,708) kw − hr
2
A2 = 592 kw − hr
A3 = (0.5 × 500)kw − hr + (3,000 − 2,708)kw − hr
A3 = 271 kw − hr
A4 = 0.5(3,500-2,708) kw − hr
A4 = 396 kw − hr
1
A5 = (1ℎ × 500𝑘𝑤) + (3,000ℎ − 2,708𝑘𝑤)
2
1
A5 = 1042kw − hrA6 = [1ℎ × (4,100 − 4,000)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ × (4,000 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A6 = 1,342 kw − hr
1
A7 = [1ℎ × (4,500 − 4,100)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (4,100 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A7 = 1592kw − hr
1
A8 = [1ℎ × (500)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (4,500 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A8 = 2042 kw − hr
1
A9 = [0.5ℎ × (5,200 − 5,000)𝑘𝑤] + [0.5ℎ𝑟 × (5,000 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A9 = 1,196 kw − hr
1
A10 = [0.5ℎ × (5,200 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A10 = 1,246kw − hr
1
A11 = [1ℎ × (5,416 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤] − [0.25ℎ𝑟 × (5,416 − 5,200)𝑘𝑤]
2
A11 = 2,681 kw − hr
1
A12 = [5ℎ × (5,416 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤] − [0.5ℎ𝑟 × (5,416 − 5,000)𝑘𝑤]
2
A12 = 13,436 kw − hr

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 6

 1
A13 = [9ℎ × (5,416 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤] − [0.25ℎ𝑟 × (5,416 − 5,000)𝑘𝑤]
2
1
− [0.25ℎ𝑟 × (5,416 − 5,000)𝑘𝑤]
2
A13 = 24,268 kw − hr
1
A14 = [0.5ℎ × (5,200 − 5,000)𝑘𝑤] + [0.5ℎ𝑟 × (5,000 − 2,708)𝑘𝑤]
2
A14 = 2,167 kw − hr
AT = 53,513 kw-hr (total energy produced of Unit #2)

Unit #2 daily energy produced

UFU#2=
Unit #2 capacity x Unit #2 hrs. of operation
Where: no. of hours of operation of unit #2 = 15.217 hours
53,513 kw-hr
UFU#2=
2,708kw-hr x 24 hrs
UFU#2= 82.34%

1.8.3 Use Factor of Unit # 3, UFU # 3

Unit #3 daily energy produced
UFU#3=
Unit #3 capacity x Unit #3 hrs. of operation
For Unit #3 daily energy produced:
A1 =0.75h(6,100-2,708)kw
A1 = 513 kw-hr
1
A2 = [1ℎ × (6,500 − 6,100)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (6,100 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A2 =884kw-hr
1
A3 = [1ℎ × (7,000 − 6,500)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (6,500 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A3 = 1,334 kw-hr
1
A4 = [1ℎ × (7,200 − 7,000)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (7,000 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A4 =1,684kw-hr
1
A5 = [1ℎ × (7,200 − 6,100)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (6,100 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A5 =1,234kw-hr
A6 =0.5h(6,100-5,416)kw

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 2

A6 =342kw-hr
1
A7 = (0.25h)(6,000-5,416)kw
2
A7 =73kw-hr
1
A8 = [1ℎ × (7,000 − 6,000)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (6,000 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A8 =1,084kw-hr
1
A9 = [1ℎ × (7,500 − 7,000)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (7,000 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A9 =1,834kw-hr
1
A10 = [1ℎ × (8,000 − 7,500)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (7,500 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A10 =2,334kw-hr
1
A11 = [5ℎ × (8,124 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤] − [ (0.5)ℎ𝑟 × (8,124 − 7,000)𝑘𝑤]
2
A11 =13,259kw-hr
1
A12 = [1ℎ × (7,000 − 5,416)𝑘𝑤]
2
A12 =792kw-hr
AT = 25,367 kw-hr (total energy produced of Unit #3)

Unit #3 daily energy produced

UFU#3=
Unit #3 capacity x Unit #3 hrs. of operation
Where: no. of hours of operation of unit #3 = 13.33 hours
25,367 kw-hr
UFU#3=
2708kw-hr x 13.33 hrs
UFU#3= 70.27%
1.8.4 Use Factor of Unit # 4, UFU # 4
Unit #4 daily energy produced
UFU#4=
Unit #4 capacity x Unit #4 hrs. of operation
For Unit #4 daily energy produced:
1
A1 = [0.5ℎ × (8,750 − 8,124)𝑘𝑤]
2
A1 =156.5kw-hr
A2 = [0.5ℎ × (8,750 − 8,124)𝑘𝑤]
A2 =313kw-hr

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 3

 1
A3 = [1ℎ × (9,100 − 8,750)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (8,750 − 8,124)𝑘𝑤]
2
A3 =801kw-hr
1
A4 = [1ℎ × (9,100 − 9,000)𝑘𝑤] + [1ℎ𝑟 × (9,000 − 8,124)𝑘𝑤]
2
A4 =926kw-hr
1
A5 = [0.5ℎ × (9,000 − 8,124)𝑘𝑤]
2
A5 =219kw-hr
AT = 2415.50 kw-hr (total energy produced of Unit #4)
Unit #4 daily energy produced
UFU#4=
Unit #4 capacity x Unit #4 hrs. of operation
2415.50 kw − hr
UFU#4=
2,708 x 3.75hrs
UFU#4=29.73%

1.9 Plant Use Factor, PUF

Daily Energy Produced

PUF  x 100%
Plant Capacity Hours in Operation 
143,137.50 kW  hr
PUF  x 100%
10,832 kW 24 hr 
PUF  55.06%

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 4

 SUMMARY OF PLANT FACTOR CALCULATION

Daily Energy Produced 143,137.50 kW-hr

Installed Capacity 10,832 kW

Reserve Over Peak Load 1,732 kW

Average Load 5,964.06kW

Load Factor 65.54 %

Plant Capacity Factor 55.06 %

Plant Use Factor 55.06 %

Use Factor of each Unit

Use Factor of Unit # 1 100%%

Use Factor of Unit # 2 82.34%%

Use Factor of Unit # 3 70.27%%

Use Factor of Unit # 4 29.73%

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 5

Power Plant Engineering - Design of Diesel Power Plant 6